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Comparative study to identify and bridge the gap between physical and virtual durability testing on a real durability track and its digital twin of the vehicle/ road surface

2025-28-0065To be published on 02/07/2025

India has seen a significant boost in automotive research and development, specific to ADAS and electric vehicles. To test these innovations, without a full working prototype, vehicle manufacturers are relying on virtual models to better fine tune the design parameters. For this, there is a real requirement of digital twins of proving grounds. This virtual testing surfaces will help in reducing test costs, test times and increase iteration counts, leading to fine-tuned prototype vehicle and finally a market leading product. NATRAX is already playing a crucial role in the homologation and development of these technologies, on their test tracks. Recognizing the need to assist in virtual testing for Indian automotive manufacturers, NATRAX is developing virtual proving grounds to complement physical testing and reduce the development time. This paper aims to have a comparative analysis of dynamic parameters between virtual track testing and actual track testing on a virtual representation

S J, Srihari, Umorya, Divyansh, Patidar, Deepesh, Jaiswal, Manish

Investigation on Heat Transfer Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Blended Distilled Water-Ethylene Glycol Mixtures in Battery thermal management system

2025-28-0089To be published on 02/07/2025

In this investigation, the performance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) during heat transmission has been examined. Compared to other nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures exhibit higher thermal conductivity due to their low density and integrated thermal conductivity. The experimental findings are relevant in that compared with the base fluid, nanofluid samples had heat transfer capability. The physicochemical characteristics of investigated GNP were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The thermal conductivity and physical properties in the base fluid of Distilled water- ethylene glycol (70:30) and 100 % vol. of glycol with 120 minutes of sonication time, based on graphene nanofluids were measured. Nanofluid concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 wt% were obtained for graphene nanoplatelets in a specific surface area of 500 m2/g. After investigating dispersion properties, the stability of

S, Palanisamy, Selvan, Arul Mozhi

Supersonic Flow Investigation of Shock Formation Over the Ogive Nose Cone Using Aerodisk at different L/D Ratio’s

2025-28-0066To be published on 02/07/2025

High speed vehicles generate a bow shock wave ahead of its nose, which is responsible for the high drag called the wave drag and form a shock pattern with respect to the supersonic speeds. There have been a number of efforts devoted towards reducing this drag by modifying the flow field ahead of the vehicle’s nose. The use of spikes and aerodisk with an ogive nose has been one of the most effective methods. Using a supersonic wind tunnel, this experimental research seeks to analyse the supersonic flow over ogive nose cone models with aerospike and aerodisk positioned at various L/D ratios.The project involves designing and fabricating nose cone models with different dimensions. The models' aerodynamic properties and shock waves measurements are performed at the Schlieren flow visualisation setup and Supersonic wind tunnel facilities at the Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science in Chennai. In order to obtain supersonic Mach numbers of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 and to record shock forms

L S, Madhumitha, VARGHESE, SHAWN, Ganesan, Balaji, GANESAN, SANTHOSH, Raja, Vijayanandh, Bogadi, Surendra, PUSHPARAJ, CATHERINE VICTORIA

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC MOTOR CYCLE CHASSIS FRAME

2025-28-0092To be published on 02/07/2025

This abstract explores the critical role of design and fabrication in developing electric motorcycle chassis frames. For these sustainable and efficient vehicles, the chassis must be lightweight yet possess the strength to handle dynamic forces. Unlike traditional gasoline motorcycles, the placement of the electric motor and batteries in electric motorcycles necessitates meticulous attention to weight distribution and center of gravity optimization. The design phase often leverages computer-aided engineering software to meticulously analyze stress and strain under various loading scenarios, guaranteeing the frame meets safety and performance benchmarks. Fabrication methods can vary based on available resources and budget. Common options include steel tubing, offering a balance of affordability and strength, or for weight reduction and potentially superior handling, advanced materials like aluminum or carbon fiber. In conclusion, a successful electric motorcycle chassis design must

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

Development of Predictive Models for Envisaging the Performance Measures in Electro Chemical Machining of Nickel Alloy for Aerospace applications

2025-28-0154To be published on 02/07/2025

The process of electrochemical machining, often known as ECM, is capable of effectively shaping complicated structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of the materials' level of hardness hence especially used for automobile and aerospace applications. As a result of the demand for high-quality products and the desire for rapid design changes, the manner in which decisions are made in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly contentious. With the assistance of regression analysis, this study proposes the development of predictive models for the purpose of forecasting the performance measures in electrochemical machining of Inconel 800HT. The trials are designed in accordance with Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized in order to derive the mathematical equations. Taguchi's method can be applied as a methodology for single objective optimization in order to attain the most optimal combination of process parameters for the purpose

Silambarasan, R.

Application of ANFIS Approach for Prediction of Process Parameters for Electrochemical Machining of Titanium Grade 5 Alloy for Auto parts

2025-28-0160To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design adjustments, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has grown increasingly intricate. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 5 and suggests the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for predictive modelling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the goal of concurrently maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and achieving precise geometric tolerances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to assess the relevance of process characteristics that impact these performance measures. The ANFIS model presented for Titanium Grade 5 provides more flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy in

D, PALANISAMY

A Machine learning Approach for the prediction of Surface Roughness Using The Tool Vibration Data In Turning Operation

2025-28-0152To be published on 02/07/2025

Surface roughness is a key factor in different machining processes and plays an important role in ergonomics, assembly, wear and fatigue life of components. Functionality, performance and durability of parts are also affected by surface roughness. Although maintaining an optimum surface roughness is a major challenge in many manufacturing industries. Surface roughness during machining depends upon machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Also, tool vibrations during machining have significant influence in surface roughness. In this work an attempt is made to predict the surface roughness of machined components during the turning process by using machine learning techniques with vibration signals. By varying different machining parameters and keeping other tooling and material properties same, a range of surface roughness values can be obtained. For each condition, corresponding tool vibration signals were recorded. Our experimental setup involves

S S, Safeer, Sadique, Anwar, D, Navaneeth

Vibration-based cutting tool condition monitoring in face milling process using wavelet features and machine learning algorithms – A comparative study

2025-28-0151To be published on 02/07/2025

In automotive applications, most of the engineering components come across the material removal process in manufacturing. Face milling is one of the prominent material removal processes wherein a multi-point cutter is used to machine the flat workpiece to bring it to its required dimension. In the material removal process, the cost of the cutting tool occupies the major part of the total manufacturing cost of a product. Also, the continuous usage of the cutting tool results in tool wear. The usage of the cutting tool after the threshold value of the tool wear deteriorates the surface finish of the workpiece which leads to product rejection. Hence, optimal tool usage is inevitable. The continuous monitoring of the cutting tool condition will ensure optimal tool usage. In the present work, four real-time tool conditions are considered, namely, fresh tool (G), tool flank wear (FW), tool flaking on rake surface (FL) and tool with broken tip (B). Vibration signals are acquired while milling

D, Pradeep Kumar, Syed, Shaul, V, Muralidharan, S PhD, Ravikumar

Prediction of Process Parameters for Electro Chemical Machining of Inconel 718 used in Aerospace Engine Turbine

2025-28-0155To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study focuses on Inconel 718 and suggests creating predictive models to anticipate performance metrics in ECM through regression analysis. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized to deduce the mathematical equations. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the relevance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed prediction technique for Inconel 718 is more adaptable, efficient, and accurate

Silambarasan, R.

Structural Effect based Parametric Investigations on Lightweight Materials for Propulsive System of Unmanned Airship through Fluid Structural Interaction Approach

2025-28-0167To be published on 02/07/2025

This work proposes using an airship outfitted with four weather stations that can be quickly deployed from an inflatable platform to conduct comprehensive environmental research on Titan. To navigate Titan's rivers, the weather stations are installed on inflatable platforms. Each station has a storage device that may record and send data collected by the aerobot as it travels across the area. The aerobot is inflated just before landing so that it doesn't crash into the rivers of Titan. The proposed unmanned airship will operate in Titan's atmosphere and atmospheric conditions, so this study is primarily concerned with their design and the computational analysis of structural effects and fluid dynamics. One of the most effective vehicles for extraterrestrial research was the method offered to employ unmanned lighter-than-air systems (aerobot) for planetary exploration. The titan aerobot has been built with a co-axial 4-blade propeller to generate thrust in cruise mode, horizontal and

Baskar, Sundhar, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Pisharam, Akhila Ajith, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh

Structural Performance of Bamboo and Kenaf Fiber with Tio2 for Material sustainability

2025-28-0029To be published on 02/07/2025

The composite materials have gained increasing attention in various industries due to their lightweight, high strength and versatile properties. In this project, we make a more environmentally responsible and development of mechanical properties to enhance with natural fiber combination. Additionally, incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles can further enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials. The use of bamboo and kenaf in composites reduces the synthetic fibers and promotes sustainability in material production. To develop composite materials by combining bamboo and kenaf reinforcements with TiO2 nanoparticles, offering an alternative to traditional materials. The incorporation of bamboo, kenaf and TiO2 is expected to enhance the composites such as mechanical properties including strength, stiffness and toughness. To ensure characterization of the mechanical properties by morphological behaviours, tensile, compression and impact tests are to be taken

B, Balaji, V.P., Arthanarieswaran

Prediction of Process Parameters for Electro Chemical Machining of Titanium Alloy – Grade 9 for Automobile components

2025-28-0045To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a remarkably effective technique for producing detailed designs in materials that can conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. As the desire for high-quality products and the necessity for rapid design changes grow, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly intricate. This work focuses on Titanium Grade 9 and proposes the development of prediction models using regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are designed using Taguchi's methodology, employing a multiple regression approach to produce mathematical equations. The Taguchi technique is utilized for the purpose of single-objective optimization in order to determine the optimal combination of process parameters that will optimize the rate at which material is removed. ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the relevance of process factors that impact performance indicators. The suggested prediction technique for

Ramesh Naik, Mude

Optimizing CI Engine Performance with Neem Oil and Alumina Nano Particles: RSM Central Composite Design

2025-28-0028To be published on 02/07/2025

This study examined the effects of engine speed and the concentration of alumina nanoparticles in diesel biodiesel mixed fuels on the operation and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Alumina nanoparticles (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) were synthesized and added to diesel-biodiesel blended. These mixtures were used to power a diesel engine that run at various engine speeds (800, 850, 900, 950, and 1000 rpm). Using response surface methodology (RSM), the interplay of variables on the diesel engine's performance and emissions was subsequently examined. At a nanoparticle concentration of 160 ppm and an engine speed of 1000 rpm, the maximum values of brake power and torque were measured and found to be 42.82 kW and 402.8 N.m, respectively. Additionally, measurements of the minimum BSFC, CO, and HC were 207.21 gr/kWh, 2.09%, and 1.2%, respectively. At a nanoparticle concentration of 160 ppm and an engine speed of 1000 rpm, the maximum values of CO2 and

V, Praveena, G, Sowndharya

Precision Engineered Go-Kart Chassis: Utilizing FEA for Superior Design

2025-28-0101To be published on 02/07/2025

A go-kart's chassis serves as the backbone of the vehicle, providing structural support for the engine, wheels, and driver. It plays a critical role in ensuring a safe ride. Enhancing go-kart safety and vibration resistance is the primary objective of this research and to achieve this goal, we employ specialized computer tools, such as finite element analysis, and strategic material selection. Our study commences with an in-depth examination of key chassis design parameters like material selection, impact test, and vibration test. Material selection is another crucial aspect of our research, as we strive to strengthen the chassis while reducing its weight. This delicate balance is achieved by exploring innovative material options and evaluating their properties. A critical consideration in our research is ensuring an expected factor of safety to meet industrial standards, guaranteeing that the chassis can withstand enough load and stress. The comparative study between AISI 1018 and

Ayyakkannu, Vadivel, K, Mugilan, Anand, Vijay, G, CHANDRABOSE, J, Vikash, M, Partheeban

Design and Development of Baja Roll Cage Based on Ergonomics

2025-28-0094To be published on 02/07/2025

Ergonomics of a vehicle play a major role in ensuring drivers safety and comfort. In a case of an off-road vehicle where it overcomes a rough terrain and drenches the driver feels lots of vibrations and fatigue thus an Off-road vehicle demands a huge safety and ergonomic comfort. The chassis design for a Baja SAE vehicle requires a double focus on structural integrity and driver ergonomics to ensure safety and efficiency. This paper examines the ergonomic aspects important to the development of the Baja SAE roll-cage, with driver comfort, approach accessibility, visibility, control -That also includes emphasizing the importance of ease of use, and all are important for improving driver performance and reducing fatigue during driving. It also includes detailed analysis of anthropometric data to define the optimal shape and layout of the roll cages, with several major drivers complying with SAE safety standards. The CAD modelling and simulation software’s were used to analyze various

A, Venkatesan, Krishnaraj, S, C, Parswajinan, B, Ragava Subramanian, K, Ram Ganesh, K, Anbu Selvan

Experimental vibrational analysis of hybrid composite plates reinforced with waste materials for energy absorbing applications

2025-28-0032To be published on 02/07/2025

Composite plates reinforced with landfill waste materials, such as banana fibers (B), palmyra sprouts (PS), and chicken feathers (CF), have found applications in engineering, contributing to reduced environmental pollution. These materials, despite posing environmental hazards and significant recycling challenges, offer high tensile strength, water resistance, thermal insulation, lightweight properties, low density, elasticity, and strength. In this research, composite plates were prepared using the aforementioned waste materials combined with jute (J), sisal fiber (S), and polyester resin (PR) as a matrix, utilizing the compression molding method. An impact hammer test was conducted to understand the dynamic characteristics of the composite plates with two proportions (15:10:5:70 and 10:15:5:70) of three different combinations: PS:S:CF:PR, J:S:CF:PR, and B:S:CF;PR. The specimen sizes considered for this analysis had aspect ratios of a/b = 0.125 and a/b = 0.25. The fundamental natural

D R, RAJKUMAR, MURUGADASS, HARI, NALLUSAMY, KAVINKUMAR, SELVARAJ, MATHIYALAGAN, V, Venkatesan

Design and Finite Element Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Soft Gripper under Combined Positive and Negative Pressure

2025-28-0044To be published on 02/07/2025

Soft-bending actuators have garnered significant interest in the field of robotics and biomedical engineering due to their ability to mimic the bending motions of natural organisms. In this study, we propose a novel soft bending actuator that utilizes combined positive and negative pressures to achieve enhanced performance and control. The actuator consists of a flexible elastomeric chamber divided into two compartments: a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber. By selectively applying positive and negative pressures to the respective chambers, controlled bending motion can be achieved. The combined positive and negative pressure approach allowed for faster response times and increased flexibility compared to traditional soft actuators. Additionally, the actuator exhibited a high level of controllability, enabling precise manipulation of the bending motion. Its flexibility, controllability, and enhanced performance make it suitable for a wide range of tasks requiring

Lalson, Abirami, Sadique, Anwar

Vibrational, Thermal and Mechanical Performance Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of Kenaf and Ridge Gourd Fibers with Waste Plastic Materials

2025-28-0030To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the performance and highlights the mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of hybrid fibre composite plate composed of Kenaf Fibre (KF), Ridge Gourd Fibre (RGF), Waste Plastic Materials (WPM), and matrix materials. The raw materials undergo an alkaline treatment involving 2 hours of agitation with 5% NaOH. Following treatment, KF, RGF, and WPM are combined with epoxy resin using compression moulding to form four different hybrid composite plates in the %wt of 10:20:5, 20:10:5, 10:10:5, and 20:20:5. Various tests are conducted to evaluate their properties, including the Tensile Test, Shear Test, and Flexural Test, adhering to ASTM standards D638, D7078, and D790, respectively. The results indicate that 20:20:5 plate showed higher tensile strength (21.70 MPa), flexural strength (77.23 MPa), and shear strength (18.13 MPa. Subsequently, Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted on the 20:20:5 composite plate due to its superior mechanical

D R, RAJKUMAR, R, BARANITHARAN, BASHA, MOHAMED HUMAYUN, SUDHAHAR, KAMALESH

Exploring Trapezoidal Salt Gradient Solar Pond Performance A Combined Numerical and Experimental Analysis with and without Reflective Covered Surface

2025-28-0201To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the thermal performance of trapezoidal salt gradient solar ponds through a combined approach of experimental analyses and MATLAB numerical simulations. Salt gradient solar ponds offer a promising solution for sustainable energy generation by harnessing solar radiation and storing it as thermal energy for various applications. However, optimizing their performance is essential to maximize energy efficiency and economic viability. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermal dynamics of trapezoidal salt gradient solar ponds under different conditions, including the presence or absence of a reflective covered surface. These experiments provided valuable empirical data on temperature distribution and heat storage capacity. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed using MATLAB to model the thermal behavior of the ponds and validate the experimental findings. The simulations allowed for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms

J, VINOTH KUMAR

IoT Based Smart Parking System Using Cloud Services for Automobile

2025-28-0189To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper introduces a novel Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based parking management system aimed at significantly improving parking efficiency and user experience. The proposed system leverages sensor-equipped parking spaces and a central cloud platform to provide real-time occupancy information and automate vehicle detection. Individual parking spaces are monitored by sensors that transmit occupancy data to a central hub, aggregated by a NodeMCU microcontroller. This data is then securely stored and processed in the cloud, accessible to users through a web application or mobile app. This real-time information guides users directly to available spaces, eliminating unnecessary searching and reducing traffic congestion within parking areas. The system also eliminates the need for manual monitoring by automating vehicle detection, ensuring accurate and reliable occupancy data. By combining real-time information, automation, and a user-friendly interface, this intelligent parking

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

An Uncertain Environment for Energy Management in a Fuel Cell/Ultra Capacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Neural Network

2025-28-0196To be published on 02/07/2025

This study explores the realm of energy management in fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) in the presence of uncertainties. Resilience, alongside fuel efficiency and the slow dynamics of the fuel cell (FC) system, is considered a crucial performance criterion. Unlike previous research that mainly aimed at achieving optimal performance in deterministic settings, this study considers uncertainties affecting power generation, conversion, and demand. Errors can arise from various factors, including variations in operational conditions, estimation, and modeling. Neglecting such uncertainties in real-world scenarios can lead to increased operational costs, reduced overall system efficiency, performance failures, and even impractical outcomes due to violations of constraints. To address this, a Neural Network (NN) based energy management system (EMS) is proposed to ensure optimal yet resilient performance when input parameters are unknown. The suggested NN-based

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Jute Woven Fiber Composites with Al₂O₃, B₄C, and SiC Particles Using ANFIS for Aerospace Applications

2025-28-0186To be published on 02/07/2025

The study comprehensively examines the mechanical properties of jute fiber polymer composites that are filled with various ceramic particles, including aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), boron carbide (B₄C), and silicon carbide (SiC). Natural fiber composites are increasingly recognized as promising materials for a diverse range of engineering applications due to their exceptional properties, such as reduced weight, enhanced strength, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, these materials offer the benefits of being biodegradable and renewable, which aligns with sustainable engineering practices. To explore these properties, the study employs the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a structured experimental design that incorporates three levels and three factors, enabling the creation of different combinations of process variables required for fabricating high-performance polymer composites. The research focuses on investigating the effects of these process variables on the flexural

SOMSOLE, LAKSHMI NARAYANA

Software Architecture for Autonomous Vehicles Using Matlab Simulink

2025-28-0190To be published on 02/07/2025

Autonomous vehicles, or self-driving cars, utilize advanced sensors, control systems, and artificial intelligence to independently navigate and operate, offering substantial improvements in road safety, traffic management, and mobility. This paper details the development and simulation of control algorithms for key functionalities in a Level 3 autonomy model of autonomous vehicles using MATLAB Simulink and IPG CarMaker. The focus spans four critical areas: Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Lane Keep Assist (LKA), and object detection, integrating low-level PID controllers for precise steering, throttle, and brake actuation. AEB employs advanced algorithms, including fine-tuned PID controllers at both high and low levels and kinematic algorithms, to achieve precise braking and stopping distances under varying conditions. ACC utilizes radar data processed through sophisticated PID controllers to maintain safe following distances while minimizing passenger

Ann Josy, Tessa, Sadique, Anwar, Thomas, Merlin, Manaf T M, Ashik, Vr, Sreeraj

Hardware Architecture And Intergration For An Autonomous All Terrain Vehicle

2025-28-0197To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper presents the comprehensive hardware architecture of an autonomous vehicle, focusing on the integration of an onboard computer, the Nvidia Jetson Nano, multiple microcontrollers, and sensors including a camera and radar. The microcontrollers, specifically Arduino Nano boards, are tasked with individually controlling the brake, steering, and throttle systems, forming a drive-by-wire system. The onboard computer sends instructions to the microcontrollers, offloading some processing tasks and facilitating easier debugging. Each microcontroller manages its respective actuators through corresponding motor drivers. Communication between the onboard computer and the microcontrollers is facilitated by the CAN protocol, ensuring robust and reliable data exchange. The steering system employs a DC geared motor with an encoder, a steering rod controlled by a spur gear mechanism, and a potentiometer attached by a belt pulley mechanism for feedback, ensuring precise control and monitoring

Vr, Sreeraj, Karun P K, Akash, Sadique, Anwar, M, Swathy

Enhancing Diesel Engine Efficiency and Emission Control through Optimized Dual Injection Strategies

2025-28-0175To be published on 02/07/2025

The automotive industry is under increasing pressure to reduce the environmental impact of internal combustion (IC) engine emissions. Regulatory bodies worldwide have introduced strict emission standards, prompting automakers to explore innovative solutions. This study focuses on the optimization of in-cylinder measures, specifically dual injection strategies, to address the challenges of diesel engine emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is recognized for its potential to lower emissions and increase efficiency. However, it poses difficulties in controlling combustion timing, handling transient operations, and managing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. To overcome these challenges, the research investigates the effects of dual injection strategies on engine performance and emissions, with a particular emphasis on the Late Injection Strategy (LIS) during part load conditions. The study reveals that dual

MOORTHI, BHARATHIRAJA, Pachanoor, Vijayanand, R, Rajiev

Multiple Aspects Optimization on Electrochemical Drilling of Incoloy 800HT by Taguchi Grey Approach

2025-28-0050To be published on 02/07/2025

The objective of this research is to develop an optimization strategy for the Electrochemical Drilling process on Inconel 800HT material, taking into account various performance factors. The optimization strategy relies on the integration of the Taguchi method with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Inconel 800HT is extensively utilized in aerospace, nuclear, and marine industries, specifically in situations that are prone to corrosion. The experimental trials are structured based on Taguchi's principle and encompass three machining variables: feed rate, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolyte concentration. This inquiry examines performance indicators like the rate of material removal, surface roughness, as well as geometric parameters such as overcut, shape, and orientation tolerance. Based on the investigation, it is determined that the feed rate is the primary factor that directly affects the intended performance criteria. In order to enhance the accuracy of predictions, multiple

D, PALANISAMY

Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis for TPU used in Auto parts

2025-28-0158To be published on 02/07/2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a highly adaptable additive manufacturing method that is extensively employed for creating intricate structures using a range of materials. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a highly versatile material known for its flexibility and durability, making it well-suited for use in industries such as footwear, automotive, and consumer goods. Hoses, gaskets, seals, external trim, and interior components are just a few of the many uses for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) in the automobile industry. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) by optimizing the parameters specifically for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material. This will be achieved by employing a Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method. The researchers conducted experimental trials to examine the impact of key FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical responses

Ramesh Naik, Mude

FPGA Implementation of HLS crypto accelerators for embedded security in autonomous vehicles

2025-28-0205To be published on 02/07/2025

The growing ubiquity of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has introduced a new attack surface for malicious actors: the embedded systems that govern a vehicle's critical operations. Security breaches in these systems could have catastrophic consequences, potentially leading to loss of control, manipulation of sensor data, or even physical harm. To mitigate these risks, robust cybersecurity measures are paramount. This research delves into a specific threat – side-channel attacks – where attackers exploit data leakage through unintentional physical emanations, like power consumption or electromagnetic waves, to steal cryptographic keys or sensitive information. While various software and hardware countermeasures have been proposed, this study focuses on the implementation of masking techniques within the realm of embedded security. Masking techniques aim to obfuscate sensitive data during cryptographic operations, making it significantly harder for attackers to exploit side-channel

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

Powering Precision: Ensemble Learning for Superior Battery Health Estimation

2025-28-0204To be published on 02/07/2025

In recent years, there has been a notable shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources due to energy challenges and the scarcity of oil resources. This transition has significantly increased the adoption of battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), replacing traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. A crucial element of EVs and HEVs is the Battery Management System (BMS), which is essential for ensuring the battery pack operates safely, reliably, and efficiently. As batteries experience numerous charge and discharge cycles, their performance inevitably degrades, which can lead to failure and potentially catastrophic outcomes if the battery unexpectedly reaches the end of its life. This paper presents an innovative machine learning-based method to estimate battery health and mitigate related risks on real time battery data. The study employs proprietary data collected from Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) chemistry cells under dynamic

Joshi, Umita, Mandhana, Abhishek

Autonomous Drone Solution for Human-Wildlife Conflict Management

2025-28-0198To be published on 02/07/2025

Human-wildlife conflicts pose significant challenges to both conservation efforts and community well-being. As these conflicts escalate globally, innovative technologies become imperative for effective and humane management strategies. This paper presents an integrated autonomous drone solution designed to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts by leveraging technologies in drone surveillance and artificial intelligence. The proposed system consists of stationary IR cameras that are setup within the conflict prone agricultural areas, which utilizes machine learning to identify the presence of wild animals and to send the corresponding location to a drone docking station. An autonomous drone equipped with high resolution IR cameras and sensors is deployed from the docking station to the provided location. The drone camera utilizes object detection technology to scan the specified zone to detect the animal and emit animal repelling ultrasonic sound from a device integrated to the drone to

sadanandan, Vaishnav, Sadique, Anwar, George, Angeo Pradeep, Vinod, Vishal, Raveendran, Darshan Unni

Design and Multi-Parametric Computational Investigations on the Propulsive System of a Pentacopter UAV

2025-28-0181To be published on 02/07/2025

This work deals with the design and multi-parametric investigation on the uniquely designed propeller for a Pentacopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The primary design data, secondary design data and performance coefficients such as diameter of the propeller, pitch angle, chord length, lift coefficient are determined through standard analytical approach. About ten different airfoils such as NACA 2412, NACA 4109, NACA 4312, NACA 4409, NACA 4415, NACA 5317, NACA 6409, NACA 6412, NACA 23024, NACA 25012 with 13 Reynolds Number and an Angle of Attack (AOA) of 20 ranges between -5 to 15 degrees are compared in order to design the propellers. The lift coefficient and drag coefficient values of ten different airfoils using the 13 Reynolds Number and the 20 AOA are acquired from the X-foil software. Based on the effect of high lift to drag ratio (L/D), three advanced airfoils are chosen among ten relevant airfoils. The shortlisted airfoils by means of high L/D ratio provided are as follows

Arumugam, Manikandan, Rajendran, Mahendran, Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, JananiPriyadharshini, Solaiappan, Senthil Kumar, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIABLE GEOMETRY INTAKE FOR A SINGLE-CYLINDER FSAE CAR

2025-28-0180To be published on 02/07/2025

This research details the comprehensive design, manufacturing, analysis, and performance evaluation of a variable geometry intake system with a variable runner length for a cylinder-cooled SI engine, tailored to meet Formula SAE competition standards that include a mandatory 20mm air restrictor post-throttle body. The inlet valve closing time and the sound speed at different intake runner temperatures determine the optimal runner length. Harmonic analysis further refines these lengths across a broad rpm spectrum spanning from 2600 to 10000 rpm. The intake system's optimization includes CAD analysis and extensive CFD simulations conducted using ANSYS FLUENT 19.2 to refine the intake plenum's design. The plenum is constructed using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), ensuring precise construction and performance integration. Dyno testing serves to validate the computational findings, revealing notable performance enhancements. The engine achieved a maximum volumetric efficiency of 101.856

Stanley Martin, Jerome, K, Abraham Mathew, Duraisamy, Boopathi

A Simulation Methodology for Rainwater Ingress into Vehicle HVAC Cowl Box With Design Improvement

2025-28-0163To be published on 02/07/2025

Cowl Box is the first element of HVAC air passage and responsible for keeping rainwater away from blower unit without much impacting the HVAC air flow rate. Rainwater ingress to HVAC system affects passenger comfort. The main design objectives to be achieved in the design of HVAC cowl box includes minimizing the pressure drop and eliminating the chances of water ingress in cowl box. There are CFD tools available to study the cowl box pressure drop. However, methods available to study rain water ingress in cowl box are expensive in both mesh preparation and computational time. Using SPH (Smooth Particle based Hydrodynamics) based Preonlab tool, an attempt has been made in this work to study the design improvements of HVAC cowl box to eliminate the chances of flooding during raining. ANSYS FLUENT tool used to study the pressure drop of each design. The objectives of the simulation are to examine the cowl box pressure drop and water ingress quantity into the HVAC module. Designs with

Baskar, Subramaniyan, A, Boopalshanmugam, Raju, Kumar

Design and Development of Range Extended-Hybrid Power Train for Two-Wheeler

2025-28-0194To be published on 02/07/2025

Environmental awareness is being fostered in every sector, with particular emphasis on the automotive industry. Conventional internal combustion engines responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and health issues. Researchers are looking for alternative technologies to reduce carbon footprint and for green environment. In this study, electric drive train is designed for 20% range extension and retrofitted in conventional two-wheeler. A control strategy has been developed, tested and successfully deployed on the vehicle. The hybrid drivetrain architecture is assessed for complexities such as the required space for the battery and the location for fitting the electric motor. During low-speed conditions, the electric motor reduced the emissions and minimized fuel consumption. Consequently, the overall utilization of internal combustion engines at low-speed condition has decreased, leading to a decrease in the vehicle's fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions

Banad, Chandrashekhar B, Devunuri, Suresh, Nair, Jayashri Narayanan

Optimization and Regression Modeling of Fused Deposition Modeling for PLA Material for Vehicle interior applications

2025-28-0159To be published on 02/07/2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a prominent method of additive manufacturing known for its capacity to create intricate structures using thermoplastic materials. Automobile components consisting of PLA are easily recovered from end-of-life vehicles (ELV) at a cheap cost, potentially yielding better purity recycled lactic acid monomers. PLA is used by automobile manufacturers (including Ford and Mazda) to make floor mats, tires, and consoles. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a commonly utilized biodegradable thermoplastic recognized for its environmentally friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, and straightforward processing. This study aims to optimize the FDM parameters for PLA material and construct regression models to accurately predict printing performance. The study involved conducting experimental trials to investigate the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including dimensional

C, Navya

Deep Learning Approach for EV Battery Optimum Power Management Using IoT

2025-28-0206To be published on 02/07/2025

In the ever-evolving landscape of electric vehicles (EVs), optimizing energy consumption remains paramount, especially considering the growing global demand for electricity. This study delves into the potential of deep learning algorithms for anomaly detection in EV power usage. The proposed approach leverages a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) auto-encoder, a powerful deep learning architecture, to analyze real-time energy consumption data obtained from a smart meter integrated within the EV. The core functionality of the system lies in its ability to identify deviations from typical power consumption patterns. By continuously monitoring and analyzing the incoming data stream, the LSTM auto-encoder can effectively detect anomalies that deviate from the established baseline for specific timeframes. These anomalies might signal potential issues within the EV's battery or drivetrain, enabling proactive maintenance strategies. Early detection of such anomalies can not only prevent breakdowns

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE ELECTRIC VEHICLE USED FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSE

2025-28-0098To be published on 02/07/2025

Our project aims to develop an innovative electric power tilling machine that serves as a multipurpose tool for seed sowing, ploughing, and weeding. It is different from conventional counterparts in that it uses electric power, which minimizes environmental impact and is in line with sustainable practices. Specialized attachments designed for specific agricultural tasks are among the key features. The mechanism for sowing seeds ensures ideal placement, spacing, and depth of seeds, thereby improving crop germination and yield. The ploughing attachment offers flexibility with adjustable parameters to accommodate diverse soil types. By carefully identifying and removing undesirable vegetation, weeding helps to lessen the need for chemical herbicides. By combining these tasks, resource utilization is optimized, operational expenses are reduced, and economic viability is increased. Farmers will find it easier to use this machine because of its user-friendly controls and real-time monitoring

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

Fatigue & Creep validation process for Pressurized Plastic Tanks

2025-28-0170To be published on 02/07/2025

Most of the coolant plastic tanks in the Commercial vehicles industry are manufactured using injection molding process. There is a well-defined process for pressurized coolant tank evaluation for Fatigue & Creep loads. This paper involves the study and process defined to evaluate the Fatigue & Creep loads on Rotomolded Pressurized coolant tank. The loads acting on the coolant tank & boundary conditions are completely new and for these the fatigue & creep evaluation criteria are developed and validated using both simulation & bench test results. Roto-molding is a cost-effective method to manufacture plastic tanks. For manufacturing a pressurized tank, the process involves after the Roto-molding of the main tank is completed, spin welding is adapted to join features such as ventilation ports & level sensor. This in turn drives complexity to ensure the tank is manufactured with desired quality, finish & strength. This means the tank should be durable after this operation for the number of

Kamalakannan, Saravanan, GB, Harish Babu

Study On Performance Improvement of Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System by Stack Modification Using Simulation Tool

2025-28-0165To be published on 02/07/2025

The low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (LT-PEMFC) is the leading contender and has been developed intensively over the past decades. On top of that, the challenges associated with the development of PEM fuel cell systems have also increased many times due to the complexity of various technological interactions such as mechanical (hydration systems, compressors, heat exchangers), electrical/electronic (pumps, motors, sensors, power electronics), catalysts, etc. Consequently, this hinders their commercialization and competence with present automotive engines. Nevertheless, to accomplish higher power for the fuel cell power with optimized cost and balance of plant (BoP) specifications, fuel cell system performance behavior study is a must, considering the interactions with the above-discussed Bop system. For this reason, the AVL Cruse-M-Simulation soft-ware is deployed as a critical tool to simulate the performance of LT-PEM fuel cell systems and the various technologies

Subramanian, Karthikeyan

Comprehensive Analysis of Different Space Vector PWM Techniques for the Speed Control of Two Level Traction Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM

2025-28-0012To be published on 02/07/2025

The popular methods to generate PWM modulation are triangle comparison method and space vector method. The work evaluates the performance of continuous and discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation techniques based on the switching losses and harmonic distortion. The flexibility in the placement of null vectors and active vectors gives generality in SVPWM techniques. Continuous SVPWM employs the conventional switching sequences which are equally divided the null vectors and active vectors. Discontinuous PWM are derived based on the different combinations of null and active switching vectors. The discontinuous PWM techniques clamps each phase for either 300 or 600 in each half cycle. Majority of the discontinuous SVPWM uses any one of the null vectors and effectively to reduce the average switching loss in a cycle and the total harmonic distortion. The study brings out the optimum SVPWM sequences for the control of PMSM. Influence of the switching sequences on the line current

Nair, Meenu Divakaran

Advancing Safety Measures: Exploring Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway and Battery Thermal Management Strategies

2025-28-0083To be published on 02/07/2025

In the era of EV adoption, lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in commercial and industrial applications. Under normal operating conditions, lithium-ion batteries are safe. However, they are highly sensitive to abnormal conditions, which can pose safety hazards. The primary safety concern with lithium-ion batteries is temperature management. Battery thermal runaway can lead to extended fires or explosions if left unattended. Nowadays, there is a wide range of lithium-ion battery technologies, with some considered comparatively safe, while others are more prone to thermal runaway due to battery mismanagement. This research emphasizes that thermal runaway can result from mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, or thermal abuse, heat generation phenomena, and critical thermal issues such as the solid electrolyte interface theory potentially leading to battery electrolyte leakage, fires, and explosions. Addressing these risks requires robust battery thermal management strategies and

Dhage, Sonam, K, Barathi Raja

Designing Next-Generation Piston Geometry for LPG Powered Spark Ignition Engines: An Integrated CFD and Experimental Approach

2025-28-0123To be published on 02/07/2025

The efficiency of combustion has a major impact on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignited LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine. The shape of the combustion chamber determines the homogeneous charge intake velocity, which is crucial for the turbulent motion that encourages flame propagation and quickens combustion. It need the right amount of compression ratio, charge squish velocity and turbulent kinetic energy to sustain combustion and propel laminar flames. There are a number of names for the motion of the charge within the cylinder: swirl, squish, tumble and turbulence. All of these terms affect how air and fuel are mixed and burned. Piston shape affects in-cylinder motion, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and improves combustion characteristics. The shape of the piston quench zone has a substantial impact on the charge velocity inside the combustion chamber. The impact on charge motion was analyzed using computer modeling using STAR-CD on pentroof

Sagaya Raj, Gnana

Influence of E-Glass Fiber Addition on Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites

2025-28-0138To be published on 02/07/2025

Natural fibers such as coir, jute, sisal, hemp, and others serve as advantageous reinforcements for composite materials due to their numerous benefits over traditional fibers. These advantages include cost-effectiveness, low density, and minimal energy consumption. Additionally, these natural fibers are biodegradable and renewable, often readily available locally. Meeting the demands of contemporary applications necessitates the use of hybrid materials. Researchers have investigated the hybrid effects of hand-laid jute/E-glass fiber composites utilizing epoxy resin and hardener. The hybridization of glass fiber and jute fiber aims to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting composite. Tensile, flexural, compressive, and impact characteristics of this hybrid composite are systematically examined in experiments designed to adhere to ASTM standards. The test results reveal that a hybrid composite comprising 20 percent E-glass and 15 percent jute exhibits significantly improved

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam

Prediction of Process Parameters for Electro Chemical Machining of Titanium Alloy – Grade 5 for auto parts

2025-28-0143To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their level of hardness. With the rising demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly complex. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 5 and suggests creating prediction models through regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, utilizing a multiple regression approach to deduce mathematical equations. The Taguchi method is utilized for single-objective optimization in order to determine the ideal combination of process parameters that will maximize the material removal rate. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the relevance of process factors that affect performance measures. The suggested prediction technique for Titanium Grade 5 exhibits

Natarajan, Manikandan

A Rescue System for Sharing the Location of Accidental Vehicles for Quick Recovery

2025-28-0084To be published on 02/07/2025

Now-a-days four wheelers are necessary for all levels of humans for the fulfillment of the transportation requirement. Also, the four-wheeler population is increasing in an exponential trend. The accidents and abnormalities in the travel path of the four wheelers are to be monitored to prevent the fatal and untracked accidents of them. This study is to monitor and send the periodical information about the status of the four-wheeler such that the accidents or abnormalities are being captured. These required signals are transmitted by the Global positioning system and comfort kit fitted in the four-wheeler to enhance the activity. This comfort kit consists of the data capturing and signal sending device from the pressure of the driver, severity of the impact during the accident and the status of the vehicle cum rider by the geometrical positioning sensor. This device is integrated to the mobile of the rider and the stored numbers with the close relatives and the health centers nearby to

Chinni, Venkata Sai Sandeep

Wear and Friction of PTFE and PEEK Coated Cast Iron Piston Ring

2025-28-0121To be published on 02/07/2025

In general, around 30% out of total energy of engine is lost because of the friction among piston ring and cylinder liner due to their constant rubbing motion. A piston that reciprocates at high speeds has piston rings that constantly scrape against the wall leading to high frictional losses within the engine. The engine has to work against this resistance to deliver the required power, and hence it will consume more fuel. For this reason, material used for these components is more crucial. Reduction of surface friction between moving parts in order to upturn overall efficiency which can be attained by suitable coating. The most frequently used piston rings are covered with chromium layers that are electro-plated which is being replaced by chrome plating. Low coefficient of friction (COF) and remarkable wear resistance can be achieved by self-lubricating coating of PTFE and PEEK polymer-based composite coatings. Experimental results revealed that the PEEK and PTFE coating performed

Rajendran, R.

Taguchi-Based Grey Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Invar 36 Material used in Automotive Valves

2025-28-0122To be published on 02/07/2025

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a commonly employed technique for shaping conductive materials such as SAE 1010 steel, providing highly accurate machining capabilities. This low-carbon steel has excellent formability, weldability, and machinability, making it useful in many contexts including bolts, nuts, valves and cold headed fasteners. The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency and precision of the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process for SAE 1010 material. This will be achieved by creating a predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The study investigates the influence of WEDM parameters, specifically pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and discharge current, on important machining outcomes such as surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR). The experimentation has been planned and conduced as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. The ANFIS predictive model is constructed by utilizing the obtained

Krishnamachary, PC

Influence of overlapping distance on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of the E71T1 mild steel in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process

2025-28-0052To be published on 02/07/2025

WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) is increasingly recognized for its significant potential in various industrial applications, such as aerospace structural components, custom automotive parts, large marine components, and defense ammunition and weaponry. Achieving flat surfaces and consistent thickness in WAAM can indeed be challenging due to several factors, such as deposition parameters, material properties, real-time process control, inter-layer adhesion, residual stresses, and overlapping distance. The overlapping distance refers to the extent to which adjacent weld beads overlap each other during the layer-by-layer deposition process. Among others, overlapping distance is also critical parameter that determines the final geometry, surface finish, and mechanical properties of the manufactured part. In this work, we varied the overlapping distance between the E71T1 mild steel weld beads and measured the corresponding mechanical properties and surface roughness. A set of 27

Vincent, Akash

Method Development for Virtual Validation of Tractor Three-Point Linkage for customer practices in Haulage application

2025-28-0069To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper discusses the design and analysis of the Three-point linkage of an agricultural tractor for uncommon abusive usage practices during haulage applications. Some operators use the Three-point linkage for additional traction to navigate gradient surfaces, which requires additional wheel torque to overcome road slope when the trailer is attached. These maneuvers induce higher loads on Three-point linkage components, such as the lower link, lift rod, and powertrain components, which may lead to structural failures. A virtual simulation and lab-level test methodology need to be established to simulate the usage pattern upfront and predict potential failures. Multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation was deployed to simulate the physics and extract realistic loads for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis. Data acquisition was carried out to record the strain levels during the uncommon haulage usage practices, which will be used for further studies. CAE analysis has been carried out

Kumar, Yuvaraj, Perumal, Solairaj, V, ASHOK KUMAR, Savsani, Smitkumar, Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, Bhandwalkar, Anand, V V H KRISHNA PRASAD, TADIKAMALLA

Design and Test methodology development of Retainer plate in Forward and Reverse mechanism of Tractor Transmission

2025-28-0079To be published on 02/07/2025

ABSTRACT: In the Automobile tractor- transmission system plays major role to transfer power from Engine to final drive through gear box enabling Forward/reverse(F/R) movements during field operations and transportation conditions. The F/R retainer plate with idler gear, shaft is located between clutch housing and transmission gear box housing. If the retainer housing plate gets failure, then power will not be able to transfer from engine to transmission gear box main drive. In one of the tractor model Retainer plate failures was observed during field testing. To simulate the failure mode from field to lab condition, the resultant forces and angle were calculated based on the gear torque and gear ratio of the drive line assembly. The resultant loads were applied on Idle gear shaft assembly through servo actuator in cyclic mode at FTL lab. The failure was observed in the Retainer plate and location of failure was matching with Field failure. CAE Virtual simulation was carried out for

V, SARAVANAN, MANI, SURESH, KUMAR, SASI, More, Amit

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