Browse Topic: Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)

Items (9,424)
ABSTRACT Defence R&D Canada – Suffield has undertaken a research project to investigate the practicality of an operationally quiet hybrid-electric snowmobile. This paper reports on the design of, and the testing conducted with, a prototype noise-reduced hybrid-electric snowmobile. The project goals were to ascertain the practicality of such a design and to determine the baseline achievable noise reduction prior to any optimization. The project has overcome most of the technological hurdles, producing a solid basis for future work. The vehicle performed well in military user testing
Ouellette, SimonGiesbrecht, JaredKuyek, DavidDe Broux, FrancisProulx, Olivier
ABSTRACT Curtiss-Wright has developed an acoustic based sensor technology for measuring friction, shock, and dynamic load transfer between moving parts in machinery. This technology provides a means of detecting and analyzing machine structure borne ultrasonic frequency sounds caused by friction and shock events between the moving parts of the machine. Electrical signals from the sensors are amplified and filtered to remove unwanted low frequency vibration energy. The resulting data is analyzed as a computed stress wave energy value that considers the amplitude, shape, duration and rates of all friction and shock events that occur during a reference time interval. The ability to separate stress waves from the lower frequency operational noise makes this technology capable of detecting damaged gears/bearings and changes in lubrication in equipment earlier than other techniques, and before failure progression increases cost of repair. Already TRL9 in adjacent industries, this technology
Reichenfeld, Curtis
ABSTRACT Under the sponsorship of TARDEC, UTRC is developing 5–10 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Auxiliary Power Units (APU) that will be capable of operating on JP-8 with a sulfur concentration of up to the specification’s upper limit of 3000 ppmw. These APUs will be sized to fit within the relatively tight space available on U.S. Army vehicles such as the Abrams, Bradley and Stryker. The objective of the base development program that commenced in August 2010 is a 1000 hour TRL-5 demonstration of an APU in an Abrams configuration by mid-2013. This SOFC system is expected to provide power to the 28 VDC vehicle bus at a net efficiency ≥35%. In addition, the noise level is anticipated to be far below that generated by combustion engine-based APU concepts. UTRC has completed the Preliminary Design of the system and has finalized the overall system configuration and the requirements for each of the components. During the Preliminary Design phase, evaluations of the performance of sub
Tew, DavidHawkes, JustinJunker, TobyKuczek, AndrzejRheaume, JonathanSun, EllenXi, HandaYamanis, JohnZhu, TianliRatowski, JeffCenteck, Kevin
ABSTRACT Today’s battlefield requires access to information in a multitude of environments with varying terrains (both urban and rural) in either passive or active engagements. Ground vehicles need sensors that can be rapidly deployed to different locations and networked into the family of vehicles in order to effectively share information. Masted sensor systems, in particular, are a potential valuable resource with their ability to perform long-range surveillance over obstructions while minimizing vehicle exposure. To maximize effectiveness these systems must withstand harsh battlefield conditions without undue maintenance. The need for variable mast heights, on-the-move (OTM) sensor performance, the ability to support a wide variety of long-range sensors, internal cabling to better resist battlefield damage, resistance to armored vehicle vibration and shock environments, and rapid mast deployment and stowage have driven Lockheed Martin to a robust mast solution that meets this
Neely, DavidFosen, KeithPoteat, DanielCarmichael, D. Brian
ABSTRACT The functionality of the next-generation Department of Defense platforms, such as the Small Unmanned Ground Vehicles (SUGV) and Small Unmanned Arial Vehicles (SUAV), requires strongly electronics-rich architectures. The reliability of these systems will be dependent on the reliability of the electronics. These electronic systems and the critical components in them can experience extremely harsh thermal and vibrations environments. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the failure mechanisms of these components through experiments and simulation based on physics-of-failure methods. One of the key challenges in recreating life-cycle vibration conditions during design and qualification testing in the lab is the re-creation of simultaneous multi-axial excitation that closely mimics what the product experiences in the field. Currently, there are two common approaches in the industry when testing a prototype or qualifying a product for multi-axial vibration environments. One
Habtour, EdMortin, DavidChoi, CholminDasgupta, Abhijit
Over the past twenty years, the automotive sector has increasingly prioritized lightweight and eco-friendly products. Specifically, in the realm of tyres, achieving reduced weight and lower rolling resistance is crucial for improving fuel efficiency. However, these goals introduce significant challenges in managing Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH), particularly regarding mid-frequency noise inside the vehicle. This study focuses on analyzing the interior noise of a passenger car within the 250 to 500 Hz frequency range. It examines how tyre tread stiffness and carcass stiffness affect this noise through structural borne noise test on a rough road drum and modal analysis, employing both experimental and computational approaches. Findings reveal that mid-frequency interior noise is significantly affected by factors such as the tension in the cap ply, the stiffness of the belt, and the properties of the tyre sidewall
Subbian, JaiganeshM, Saravanan
This article addresses the essential task of understanding vibrations produced by vehicles to enhance the design of authentic laboratory tests. The article focuses on two primary sources of vibrations: those arising from vehicle–road surface interaction, which is largely random, and those emanating from the drivetrain, characterized as a summation of harmonics with a time-varying fundamental frequency. The method involves the application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) paired with robust nonlinear least-squares (NLS) initialization to isolate the harmonic components effectively. Through a comprehensive analysis involving mean-square-error (MSE) evaluation via Monte Carlo simulation, considering additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and a two-degrees-of-freedom quarter-car model’s simulation response to the road, the research demonstrates the EKF’s proficiency. The results indicate the EKF’s capability to accommodate AWGN with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 0 dB and road-induced
Sierra-Alonso, Edgar F.Rouillard, VincentLamb, Matthew
Three dynamic models of a passenger car including the one-dimensional dynamic model, two-dimensional dynamic model, and three-dimensional dynamic model are built to evaluate the ride quality of the passenger car as well as the isolating performance of the SNS (structure of negative stiffness). The decrease of the root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations in the seat and car’s body shaking is the research goal. The investigation results indicate that under all working conditions including the various excitations of the road surface and various velocities of the passenger car, the seat’s acceleration with SNS is strongly ameliorated in comparison without SNS in all three models of the passenger car. Particularly, the RMS seat acceleration with SNS in one-, two-, and three-dimensional models is strongly reduced in comparison without SNS by 76.87%, 66.15%, and 70.59%, respectively. Thus, the seat’s SNS has a good effect in isolating the vertical vibration of the passenger car’s seat. However
Zhang, LeiLi, TaoYang, Guixing
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is limited in scope to the general consideration of environmental control system noise and its effect on occupant comfort. Additional information on the control of environmental control system noise may be found in 2.3 and in the documents referenced throughout the text. This document does not contain sufficient direction and detail to accomplish effective and complete acoustic designs
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
HVAC is one of the main components on AC system on passenger car. Air flow distribution through the HVAC duct outlet as well as foot outlet is controlled mainly through HVAC kinematic mechanism. Kinematic mechanism mainly controls the air flow distribution and also temperature linearity at the outlet. Blower assembly as well as Kinematic mechanism is mainly two moving components inside HVAC system. Apart from the blower noise, another important noise generating area is kinematic noise. Due to poor cam profile and pin reaction force inside cam profile, there is high reaction force and hence produce noise. Due to different kinematic mode travel (face, foot and defrost), the pin has to be moved inside the cam profile, so pin movement & interference due to the stroke length travel leads a higher noise. The present paper describes the noise prediction based on simulation methodology of HVAC kinematic mechanism and damper (Doors) movement. First kinematic simulation of baseline model is
Parayil, PaulsonKame, ShubhamGoel, Arunkumar
Vehicle HVAC noise performance is an important vehicle design validation criterion since it significantly links the brand image of a vehicle. It affects the customer’s buying decision and the business of selling vehicles because it directly affects driving comfort. Customers expect continuous improvement in HVAC noise without compromising cooling performance. The process of cascading vehicle-level acoustic performance to subsystem and component levels becomes an important factor in the vehicle NVH development process. It was found that the component-level [HVAC unit without duct] performance of an HVAC system measured in an anechoic chamber was at par when compared to targets, whereas the subsystem-level performance [HVAC unit with duct and dashboard] was on the higher side of the targets. Advanced NVH tools were used to identify the source of noise at the subsystem level. It helped to locate the source and its transfer path. A design modification done at the transfer path location
Titave, Uttam VasantKalsule, ShrikantNaidu, Sudhakara
Geared automotive and aerospace transmissions are one of the most critical systems regarding wear. Limiting wear is of paramount importance to improve sustainability by reducing replacements that lead to increased waste and energy consumption for re-manufacturing. Simulation of gears including the wear effect can be very useful for the design of new more efficient and compact gears. Thermal effects may play a decisive role in the wear phenomena and should be included in the models used for simulations. In this study, some tests are conducted on a pin-on-disk apparatus under varying temperatures to assess its influence on steel-to-steel wear rate. A modified Archard law is used for wear estimation which includes the experimentally derived parameters accounting for thermal effects. This model is then coupled with a loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) tool to obtain accurate predictions of the contact pattern, as well as the instantaneous load shared by the mating teeth pairs during the
Grabovic, EugeniuCiulli, EnricoArtoni, AlessioGabiccini, Marco
This study looks at the effects of low-viscosity fuel on high-pressure fuel pump durability. Several high-pressure fuel pumps were allowed to operate with low-viscosity fuel on a custom test stand until failure. Fuel-pumps lasted 0.3-294 hours before failure. The fuel pumps failed by experiencing a sharp rise in the low-pressure outlet fuel temperature due to scuffing of the camring-bucket interface. We describe a technique for analyzing acoustic emission sensor data to monitor the status of the fuel pump. Acoustic emission signals were able to detect a two-stage failure process of scuffing initiation on a single camring-bucket interface to propagation of damage to the other interfaces
Murthy, NikhilCoburn, VincentMatzke, CalebBerkebile, Stephen
Vibration comfort is a critical factor in assessing the overall performance of engineering machinery, with significant implications for operator health and safety. However, current evaluation methods lack specificity for construction machinery, impeding accurate prediction of vibration comfort and hindering the optimization of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. To address this challenge, this article proposes a model that combines a random forest with a genetic algorithm (GA-RF) to enable rapid and accurate prediction of vibration comfort in construction machinery cabins. The approach begins with an improved objective evaluation methodology for extracting key features from vibration signals at five measurement points: seat, floor, back, and left and right armrests. Additionally, subjective evaluation technology, combining semantic differential and rating scales, is employed to capture operators’ personal comfort perceptions. The implementation of the GA-RF model
Zhao, JianYin, YingqiChen, JiangfeiZhao, WeidongDing, WeipingHuang, Haibo
Moisture adsorption and compression deformation behaviors of Semimet and Non-Asbestos Organic brake pads were studied and compared for the pads cured at 120, 180 and 240 0C. The 2 types of pads were very similar in moisture adsorption behavior despite significant differences in composition. After being subjected to humidity and repeated compression to 160 bars, they all deform via the poroviscoelastoplastic mechanism, become harder to compress, and do not fully recover the original thickness after the pressure is released for 24 hours. In the case of the Semimet pads, the highest deformation occurs with the 240 °C-cure pads. In the case of the NAO pads, the highest deformation occurs with the 120 0C-cure pads. In addition, the effect of pad cure temperatures and moisture adsorption on low-speed friction was investigated. As pad properties change all the time in storage and in service because of continuously changing humidity, brake temperature and pressure, one must question any
Rhee, Seong KwanRathee, AmanSingh, ShivrajSharma, Devendra
When the brakes are released and the vehicle starts, the brakes and suspensions vibrate and the car body resonates at 10 to 300 Hz, which is called brake creep groan. This low-frequency noise is more likely to occur in high-humidity environments. As vehicles become quieter with the introduction of EVs, improving this low-frequency noise has become an important issue. It is known that the excitation force is the stick-slip between the brake rotor and pads, but there are few studies that directly analyze stick-slip occurring in a vehicle. Acoustic emission (AE) is a phenomenon in which strain energy stored inside a material is released as elastic stress waves, and AE sensing can be used to elucidate the friction phenomena. In this study, the AE sensing is used to analyze changes in the stick-slip occurrence interval and generated energy when creep groan occurs. As a result, it was confirmed that the AE signal increased with high humidity. Furthermore, the friction phenomena during creep
Toyoda, HajimeYazawa, YusukeArai, ShinichiOno, ManabuHara, YasuhiroHase, Alan
The influence of moisture adsorption, prior braking, and deceleration rate on the low-speed braking noise has been investigated, using copper-free disc pads on a passenger car. With increasing moisture adsorption time, decreasing severity of prior braking or increasing deceleration rate, the noise sound level increases for the air-borne exterior noise as well as for the structure-borne interior noise. The near-end stop noise and the zero-speed start-to-move noise show a good correlation. Also, a good correlation is found between the noise measured on a noise dynamometer and on a vehicle for the air-borne noise. All the variables need to be precisely controlled to achieve repeatable and reliable results for dynamometer and vehicle braking groan noise tests. It appears that the zero-speed start-to-move vehicle interior noise is caused by the pre-slip vibration of the brake: further research is needed
Sriwiboon, MeechaiRhee, Seong KwanSukultanasorn, JittrathepKunthong, Jitpanu
Brake squeal is a phenomenon caused by various factors such as stiffness of brake components, mode coupling, friction coefficient, friction force variation, pressure, temperature and humidity. FEA simulation is effective at predicting and investigating the cause of brake squeal, and is widely used. However, in many FEA simulations, models of brake lining are mostly a brand-new shaper, so that the change of pressure distribution or pad shape, which can occur due to the lining wear, are not taken account. In this research, brake squeal analysis was conducted with consideration of lining wear, applying Fortran codes for Abaqus user subroutine. The brake assembly model for the analysis is created by using a 3D scanner and has a close shape to the real one. The wear patterns calculated by the analysis are similar to those of brake pads after a noise test. The complex eigenvalue analysis shows two unstable modes at the frequency of squeal occurred in the noise test. One is out-of-plane
Ikegami, TokunosukeMillsap, TomYamaguchi, Yoshiyuki
Researchers have developed SPINDLE, a pioneering robotic rehabilitation system. Combining virtual reality (VR) with customized resistance training, SPINDLE offers personalized therapy to enhance strength and dexterity for activities of daily living (ADLs). Its adaptability and potential for home use represent a major advancement in tremor rehabilitation, with broader healthcare implications
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed an optical amplifier that they expect will revolutionize both space and fiber communication. The new amplifier offers high performance, is compact enough to integrate into a chip just millimeters in size, and crucially, does not generate excess noise
Researchers worldwide are currently working on the next evolution of communication networks, called “beyond 5G” or 6G networks. To enable the near-instantaneous communication needed for applications like augmented reality or the remote control of surgical robots, ultra-high data speeds will be needed on wireless channels. In a study published recently in IEICE Electronics Express, researchers from Osaka University and IMRA AMERICA have found a way to increase these data speeds by reducing the noise in the system through lasers
Radio frequency (RF) and microwave signals are integral carriers of information for technology that enriches our everyday life – cellular communication, automotive radar sensors, and GPS navigation, among others. At the heart of each system is a single-frequency RF or microwave source, the stability and spectral purity of which is critical. While these sources are designed to generate a signal at a precise frequency, in practice the exact frequency is blurred by phase noise, arising from component imperfections and environmental sensitivity, that compromises ultimate system-level performance
Vibrations in IC engines have a widespread effect on the operations of consumer and commercial vehicles, which not only affect the life and efficiency of the vehicle but also affect user comfort and nervous system of human body. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of vibration and acoustic characteristics while utilizing fuels such as petrol and CNG. ADXL 335 3-axis accelerometer was employed to measure acceleration vs time data, which was then processed using MATLAB to obtain FFT and PSD plots. These plots thus obtained gave insights on dominating frequency as well as frequencies with maximum energy. Six different cases with different engine speeds and loading conditions are studied with analysis of all the different parameters such as sound pressure levels and mean and max cylinder pressure
Anasune, Aditya
This procedure is applicable to modes from 500 Hz and 13000 Hz. The parameters measured with this procedure are defined as the damping factor, ξ, for the first nine vibration modes of the beam. The measurement will be done in free-free conditions and with temperature
Brake NVH Standards Committee
For the vibration durability bench test of commercial vehicle batteries, it is essential to have accurate test specifications that exhibit high robustness and reasonable acceleration characteristics. This study evaluates the impact of different battery frame systems on the vibration response of the battery body, as determined by road load spectrum test results of a commercial vehicle battery system. It also confirms the variations in the external environmental load. Utilizing the response spectrum theory, a comprehensive calculation method for the fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) of batteries is developed. The time domain direct accumulation method, frequency domain direct accumulation method, and frequency domain envelope accumulation method are all compared. Analysis of kurtosis and skewness reveals that when the load follows the super-Gaussian distribution characteristics, the time domain direct accumulation method should be used to calculate the fatigue damage spectrum to minimize
Yan, XinGuo, DongniWan, XiaofengSun, JiameiQuan, XinhuiWang, Ying
Minimizing vibration transmitted from the exhaust system to the vehicle’s passenger compartment is the primary goal of this article. With the introduction of regulatory norms on NVH behavior and emissions targets, it has become necessary to address these issues scientifically. Stringent emissions regulations increased the complexity of the exhaust system resulting in increased size and weight. Exhaust system vibration attenuation is essential not only from the vehicle NVH aspects but also for the optimized functionality of the subsystems installed on it. Based on earlier studies, this work adopts a more thorough strategy to reduce vehicle vibration caused by the exhaust system by adjusting it to actual operating conditions. To achieve this, a complete vehicle model of 22 DOF is considered, which consists of a powertrain, exhaust system, chassis frame, and suspension system. A method for evaluating static and dynamic vibration response is proposed. Through the use of the vehicle’s rigid
Sarna, Amit KumarSingh, JitenderKumar, NavinSharma, Vikas
Many sources and paths cause interior cabin noise. Some noise from an electric vehicle is unique and different from a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Especially, whine noise occurs due to the particular orders of the electromagnetic force of an electric motor and transmission gears, which is tonal and usually reaches high frequencies. This paper covers structure-borne (SB) and airborne (AB) aspects to estimate whine, and the difference between the two characteristics is distinguished. The focus lies mainly on the process of virtual vehicle development and application for performance improvement. First, to predict SB whine, an e-powertrain is modeled as a finite element model (FEM), and electromagnetic (EM) forces are calculated. A vehicle model is also modeled as an FEM, in which interior sound packages are carefully modeled as they play an important role in the medium-frequency region. The e-powertrain and vehicle models (being simulated separately) are combined to obtain
Yoo, Ji WooChae, Ki-SangChoi, JaeHyukKim, MyunggyuCho, SeunghyeonCoster, ChristopheVan Gils, Anneleen
The current research elucidates the application of response surface methodology to optimize the collective impact of methanol–isobutanol–gasoline blends and nanolubricants on the operational parameters of a spark-ignition engine. Diverse alcohol blends in conjunction with gasoline are employed in engine trials at 2500 rpm across varying engine loads. The alcohol blends exhibit notable enhancements in brake thermal efficiency, peak in-cylinder pressure, and heat release rate. At 2500 rpm and 75% load, the break thermal efficiency of iBM15 surpasses that of gasoline by 33.5%. Alcohol blends significantly reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions compared to gasoline. The iBM15 demonstrates a reduction of 25.2% and 51.12% in vibration along the Z and Y axes, respectively, relative to gasoline. As per the response surface methodology analysis, the optimal parameters are identified: an alcohol content of 29.99%, an engine load of 99.06%, and a nanolubricant concentration of 0.1%. It
Bharath , Bhavin KSelvan , V. Arul Mozhi
Airplane manufacturers running noise tests on new aircraft now have a much cheaper option than traditional wired microphone arrays. And it’s sensitive enough to help farmers with pest problems. The wireless microphone array that one company recently created with help from NASA can locate crop-threatening insects by listening for sound they make in fields. And now, it’s making fast, affordable testing possible almost anywhere
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is one of the most important performance evaluation aspects of electric motors. Among the different causes of the NVH issues of electrical drives, the spatial and temporal harmonics of the electrical drive system are of great importance. To reduce the tonal noise of the electric motors induced by these harmonics, harmonic injection methods are applied in many applications. However, a lot of existing researches focus more either on improving the optimization process of the harmonic injection parameter settings, or on the controller design of the harmonic injection process, while the structural dynamic characteristics of the motor are seldom considered. A lot of literature shows that the harmonic injection strategies can more effectively influence the mode 0 (M0) radial forces than the higher spatial orders, so it is more efficient to apply such methods at the frequencies/orders where the effect of mode 0 forces are dominant with respect to the
Fu, TongfangXu, ZhipengGünther, MarcoPischinger, StefanBöld, Simon
In electrified vehicles, auxiliary units can be a dominant source of noise, one of which is the refrigerant scroll compressor. Compared to vehicles with combustion engines, e-vehicles require larger refrigerant compressors, as in addition to the interior, also the battery and the electric motors have to be cooled. Currently, scroll compressors are widely used in the automotive industry, which generate one pressure pulse per revolution due to their discontinuous compression principle. This results in speed-dependent pressure fluctuations as well as higher-harmonic pulsations that arise from reflections. These fluctuations spread through the refrigeration cycle and cause the vibration excitation of refrigerant lines and heat exchangers. The sound transmission path in the air conditioning heat exchanger integrated in the dashboard is particularly critical. Various silencer configurations can be used to dampen these pulsations. This paper compares the acoustic and thermodynamic performance
Saur, LukasHeidegger, PatrickNaeger, ChristophBecker, Stefan
The axle, or differential, flange is understood to be a large source of vehicle driveline imbalance, or unbalance, through defining the center of rotation of a driveshaft. The tolerances and methods of manufacturing and assembly are therefore very important. The aim of the current investigation, is to understand and quantify the imbalance contributions from flange radial and axial runout, along with location error between the driveshaft and axle flange. An overview of the measured radial and axial runouts from a population of 100 axle assemblies is presented, including correlation of the imbalance amplitude distributions to some standard probability density functions. It was found from the investigation, that it is important to understand the nature of any source of runout, relative to any subassembly/component-level balancing, in modeling the transfer function from runout to imbalance loading. Methods for calculating the imbalance of an assembled driveline are presented, which include
Leslie, Andrew C.Liew, AndrewBaddeley, VivDent, SolomonMeehan, Paul A.
Centrifugal fans are applied in many industrial and civil applications, such as manufacturing processes and building HVAC systems. They can also be found in automotive applications. Noise-reduction measures for centrifugal fans are often challenging to establish, as acoustic performance may be considered a tertiary purchase criterion after energetic efficiency and price. Nonetheless, their versatile application raises the demand for noise control. In a low-Mach-number centrifugal fan, acoustic waves are predominantly excited by aerodynamic fluctuations in the flow field and transmit to the exterior via the housing and duct walls. The scientific literature documents numerous mechanisms that cause flow-induced sound generation, even though not all of them are considered well-understood. Numerical simulation methods are widely used to gather spatially high-resolved insights into physical fields. However, for a centrifugal fan, the numerical simulation of the coupled aero- and
Heidegger, PatrickCzwielong, FelixSchoder, StefanBecker, StefanKaltenbacher, Manfred
In recent years, the automotive industry has dedicated significant attention to the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs). The Electric-machine (as motor and generator, here and onward called E-machine as more general term) as the heart of the EDU (Electric Drive Unit) is very important component of powertrain and is the one of the main focuses of development. Traditionally, E-machine design has primarily focused on factors like efficiency, packaging, and cost, often neglecting the critical aspects of Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) specially at the early decision-making stages. This disconnect between E-machine design teams and NVH teams has consistently posed a challenge, which is the experience seen in many OEMs. This paper introduces an innovative workflow that unifies these previously separate domains, facilitating comprehensive optimization by integrating NVH considerations with other E-machine objectives, efficiency, weight, packaging and cost. This paper highlights AVL's
Mehrgou, MehdiGarcia de Madinabeitia, InigoAhmed, Mohamed Essam
Although structural intensity was introduced in the 80’s, this concept never found practical applications, neither for numerical nor experimental approaches. Quickly, it has been pointed out that only the irrotational component of the intensity offers an easy interpretation of the dynamic behavior of structures by visualizing the vibration energy flow. This is especially valuable at mid and high frequency where the structure response understanding can be challenging. A new methodology is proposed in order to extract this irrotational intensity field from the Finite Element Model of assembled structures such as Bodies In White. This methodology is hybrid in the sense that it employs two distinct solvers: a dynamic solver to compute the structural dynamic response and a thermal solver to address a diffusion equation analogous to the thermal conduction built from the previous dynamic response. The field separation is based on the Helmholtz-Hodge theorem, which ensures the computation’s
Gagliardini, LaurentTakhchi, JamalSadoulet-reboul, EmelineOuisse, MorvanBornet, Frederic
Throughout its history, the engine acoustic character has been emblematic of the product essence, owing to its robust correlation of factors like in-cylinder pressure gradients, components design, and perceived quality. Best practice for engine acoustic characterization requires the employment of a hemi-anechoic chamber, a significant number of sensors and special acoustic insulation for engine ancillaries and transmission. This process is highly demanding in terms of cost and time due to multiple engine working points to be tested and consequent data post-processing. Given the apparent underutilization of Neural Networks (NN) predictive capabilities in this research area, the following paper introduces a tool capable of estimation of engine acoustic performance by processing system inputs (e.g., Injected Fuel, Rail Pressure). This is achieved through the application of a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which operates as a feedforward network functioning at stationary points. In
Credo, GiuseppeTaddeo, VincentAglietti, Filippo
Trim materials are often used for vibroacoustic energy absorption purposes within vehicles. To estimate the sound impact at a driver’s ear, the sub-structuring approach can be applied. Thus, transfer functions are calculated starting from the acoustic source to the car body, from the car body to the trim and, finally, from the trim to the inner cavity where the driver is located. One of the most challenging parts is the calculation of the transfer functions from the car body inner surface to the bottom trim surface. Commonly, freely laying mass-spring systems (trims) are simulated with a fixed or in some cases with a sliding boundary condition at the trim-structure interface. As a result, interface phenomena such as friction, stick-slip or discontinuities are not considered. Such approaches allow for faster simulations but result in simulations strongly overestimating the energy transfer, particularly in the frequency range where the mass-spring system’s resonances take place. In the
Bronzova, MariiaBocquillet, ArnaudSchanz, Martin
Active noise control systems use multi-channel references to increase coherence. Additionally, multiple speakers are used to control multiple control positions and broad band frequency. Because of this, even though the control filter update operation is performed in the frequency domain, the amount of calculation is very large, so an expensive and high-performance DSP must be used. If the control filter update operation, which is performed by the controller mounted on the vehicle, is calculated on the server, low-specification DSP can be used in the local vehicle, thereby reducing costs. Moreover, it has the advantage of being able to freely apply performance improvement algorithms using the server's abundant computing power. In this study, considering a wireless network real-time control system, the maximum delay time is analyzed to maintain control performance. When network speed is low and data errors occurred, we studied countermeasures to correct data errors at the receiving
Oh, ChiSungIh, Kang-DuckKim, Hyounsuk
The transition from ICE to electric power trains in new vehicles along with the application of advanced active and passive noise reduction solutions has intensified the perception of noise sources not directly linked to the propulsion system. This includes road noise as amplified by the tire cavity resonance. This resonance mainly depends on tire geometry, gas temperature inside the tire and vehicle speed and is increasingly audible for larger wheels and heavier vehicles, as they are typical for current electrical SUV designs. Active technologies can be applied to significantly reduce narrow band tire cavity noise with low costs and minimal weight increase. Like ANC systems for ICE powertrains, they make use of the audio system in the vehicle. In this paper, a novel low-cost system for road induced tire cavity noise control (RTNC) is presented that reduces the tire cavity resonance noise inside a car cabin. The approach is cheap in terms of computational effort (likewise ICE order
Sues, MichaNojavan, AidinKirchhof, JanSchirmacher, Rolf
When dealing with the structural behavior of a car body, analyzing the dynamic distortion in all body closure openings in a complete vehicle, provides a better understanding of the body characteristics compared to traditional static load cases such as static torsional body stiffness. This is particularly relevant for non-traditional vehicle layouts and electric vehicle architectures where mass distribution and in particular battery mass and stiffness play a completely different effect with respect to the internal combustion engine vehicles. A methodology typically adopted to measure the body response, e.g. when driving a vehicle on a rough pavé road, is the so-called Multi Stethoscope (MSS). The MSS is measuring the distortion in each body closure opening in two diagonals. During the virtual development, the distortion is described by the relative displacement in diagonal direction in time domain using a modal transient analysis. The results are shown as Opening Distortion Fingerprint
Weber, JensLuiz Felipe, Faria RicardoBäcklund, JesperVignati, MicheleCheli, Federico
When traveling in an open-jet wind tunnel, the path of an acoustic wave is affected by the flow causing a shift of source positions in acoustical maps of phased arrays outside the flow. The well-known approach of Amiet attempts to correct for this effect by computing travel times between microphones and map points based on the assumption that the boundary layer of the flow, the so-called shear layer, is infinitely thin and refracts the acoustical ray in a conceptually analogy to optics. However, in reality, the turbulent nature of both the not-so-thin shear layer and the acoustic emission process itself causes an additional smearing of sources in acoustic maps, which in turn causes deconvolution methods based on these maps – the most prominent example being CLEAN-SC – to produce certain ring effects, so-called halos, around sources. In this paper, we intend to cast some light on this effect by describing our path of analyzing/circumventing these halos and how they are linked to the
Puhle, ChristofMeyer, AndyDöbler, Dirk
Tire/Road noise is a dominant contribution to a vehicle interior noise and requires significant engineering resources during vehicle development. A process has been developed to support automotive OEMs with road noise engineering during vehicle design and development which has test as its basis but takes advantage of simulation to virtually accelerate road noise improvement. The process uses noise sources measured on a single tire installed on a test stand in a chassis dynamometer. The measured sources are then combined with vehicle level transfer functions calculated using a Finite-Element model for structure-borne noise and a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model for airborne noise to predict the total sound at the driver’s ears. The process can be applied from the initial stages of a vehicle development program and allows the evaluation of vehicle road noise performance as perceived by the driver long before the first prototype is available. This process is also extensible to
Hadjit, RabahWeilnau, KelbyEngels, BretMartin, SimonCalloni, MassimilianoMusser, Chad
Expansion chamber mufflers are commonly applied to reduce noise in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) or exhaust systems. In dissipative mufflers, sound-absorptive materials, such as microperforated plates (MPP), are applied to achieve an enhanced and more broadband mitigation effect. Computational acoustics (CA) analyses of mufflers are usually carried out in the frequency domain, assuming time-harmonic excitation. However, certain applications require time-domain simulations. From a computational point of view, such transient analyses are more challenging. A transformation of the governing equations involving frequency-dependent material parameters into the time domain induces convolution integrals. We apply the recently proposed finite element (FE) formulation of a time-domain equivalent fluid (TDEF) model to simulate the transient response of dissipative acoustic media to arbitrary unsteady excitation. Like most time-domain approaches, the formulation relies on
Maurerlehner, PaulMayrhofer, DominikMehrgou, MehdiKaltenbacher, ManfredSchoder, Stefan
Encapsulations of E-drive systems are gaining importance in electric mobility, since they are a simple measure to improve the noise behavior of the drive. Current experimental evaluation methods, however, pose substantial challenges for the test personnel and are associated with considerable effort in both time and cost. Evaluating the encapsulation on an e-drive test bed, for example, requires a functional e-drive and test bed resources. Evaluations in the vehicle on the other hand make objective assessments difficult and are subject to increasingly limited availability of prototype vehicles fit for NVH testing. To overcome these challenges, AVL has developed a new experimental evaluation method for the NVH efficiency of e-drive encapsulations. In this method, the e-drive is freely suspended in a semi-anechoic chamber and its structure is excited using shakers while the radiated noise with and without encapsulation is measured. The NVH efficiency of the encapsulation is evaluated by
Schecker, DanielUerlings, PeterGojo, JosefGraf, Bernhard
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