Browse Topic: Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)

Items (9,457)
In the current world of automobiles, the air-conditioning system plays a crucial role in passenger comfort. Thermal comfort for the passengers, which was earlier a luxury, has now become a basic necessity. This thermal comfort, coupled with ventilation, brings along with it the symbiotic association of flow-induced noise. The subjective prominence of airborne noise from air-conditioning systems increases with higher refinement or masking of structure-borne noise and/or engine noise sources. These systems for commercial vehicles are higher in capacity, complex, and generally placed directly above the passenger seats. Flow-induced noise refinement for such systems is generally difficult and involves multiple physical trials. In the current work presented for a commercial van, the airflow delivery of the air-conditioning system was in line with the requirement. The location of the system, however, resulted in higher noise levels at the passenger ear location. To address this issue, an
Nomani, MustafaKandekar, AmbadasLatane, SantoshManoji, AkashTadigadapa, Suresh
The aim of the article is to evaluate the effect of the cooling system on the NVH behavior of traction permanent magnets synchronous motors (PMSMs). An effective numerical method is proposed for modeling the fluid–structure interaction in the cooling system of PMSMs. A simplified physical prototype of a cooling jacket of a PMSM is realized by welding two concentric tubes with an internal cavity filled by coolant. A finite element model of the structure is realized. The coolant is modeled as an acoustic domain to account for the fluid–structure interaction in the cavity and a coupled acoustic–structural dynamic problem is solved. The model is validated by experimental modal tests conducted on the prototype of the cooling jacket both with and without the presence of coolant. The validated model is employed to quantify the effect of the cooling system on a real PMSM. The structure of a 10-poles, 12-slots electric machine is modeled by means of finite element method. The model includes the
Barri, DarioSoresini, FedericoBallo, FedericoLucà, FrancescantonioManzoni, StefanoGobbi, MassimilianoMastinu, Giampiero
This document describes analytical methods for calculating the attenuation of the level of the sound propagating from an airplane to locations on the ground and to the side of the flight path of an airplane during ground roll, climbout after liftoff, and landing operations. Both level and non-level ground scenarios may be modeled using these methods, however application is only directly applicable to terrain without significant undulations, which may cause multiple reflections and/or multiple shielding effects. This attenuation is termed lateral attenuation and is in excess of the attenuation from wave divergence and atmospheric absorption. The methods for calculating the lateral attenuation of the sound apply to: turbofan-powered transport-category airplanes with engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage (on the sides of the fuselage or in the center of the fuselage as well as on the sides) or under the wings propeller-driven transport-category or general-aviation airplanes
A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling
Throughout the years, the legislations which drive the vehicle development have experimented constant evolutions. Especially when it comes about pollutant emissions and NVH ( Noise, Vibration & Harshness). However, it is complex to understand which calibration strategy promotes the best balance about lowest levels of emissions, vibrations, and noise if considered the number of inputs to be explored, becoming the searching for the optimum calibration a huge challenge for the development engineering team. This work proposes a methodology development in which complex problems can be solved by model based solutions regarding the best balance finding of emissions reduction and noise attenuation. The methodology is based in machine learning approach which provides a virtual behavior of engine phenomena making possible a wider comprehension of the problem and hence the opportunity to explore enhanced solutions. The study case scenario used to apply the method was a 6.4 liters engine which
Ruiz, Rodrigo Peralta MoraesSantos, Lucas ResendeNascif, Gabriel Nobre AlvesOliveira Ribeiro, DouglasPereira, Willyan
This SAE Recommended Practice is derived from common methods used within the industry and is not intended to validate a given design or configuration. This SAE Recommended Practice applies to vehicles below 4540 kg of gross vehicle weight rating
Brake NVH Standards Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the method to determine Sound Level of a snowmobile under typical trail operating conditions. Snowmobiles have different engine power levels that depends on the model
Snowmobile Technical Committee
In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of NVH in electric powertrains due to electromagnetic sources is presented. The spatial harmonics model of the traction motor, which is dependent on the motor design structure, rotor poles, stator teeth, and slots, is used for the analysis of the electromagnetic forces from the motor in the electric powertrain. The time harmonics model of the injected current of the motor dependent on the drive electrical circuit and control strategy is also considered for the electromagnetic force calculation. A complete workflow of this electromagnetic NVH analysis for electric powertrain covering the spatial harmonics and time harmonics model is presented. The spatial harmonics model result is presented as flux linkage with respect to dq-axes current and rotor position. The time harmonics are also presented by the injected current of the motor. In addition, a set of operating points on the torque-speed boundary of the traction motor is selected and results are
Joshi, NakulKumar, VinitTsoulfaidis, AntoniosHuang, ZhenhuaSchmaedicke, MarcelFialek, GregoryZhang, DapuWimmer, Joe
Modal performance of a vehicle body often influences tactile vibrations felt by passengers as well as their acoustic comfort inside the cabin at low frequencies. This paper focuses on a premium hatchback’s development program where a design-intent initial batch of proto-cars were found to meet their targeted NVH performance. However, tactile vibrations in pre-production pilot batch vehicles were found to be of higher intensity. As a resolution, a method of cascading full vehicle level performance to its Body-In-White (BIW) component level was used to understand dynamic behavior of the vehicle and subsequently, to improve structural weakness of the body to achieve the targeted NVH performance. The cascaded modal performance indicated that global bending stiffness of the pre-production bodies was on the lower side w.r.t. that of the design intent body. To identify the root cause, design sensitivity of number and footprint of weld spots, roof bows’ and headers’ attachment stiffness to BIW
Titave, Uttam VasantZalaki, NitinNaidu, Sudhakara
This study meticulously examines the ignition coil (IG), a pivotal component in engine operation, which transforms the low voltage from the battery into the high voltage necessary for spark plug electrode flashover, initiating the combustion cycle. Considering the importance of IG coils in engine operation which has a direct impact on the engine performance. Any failure in the IG coils is judged as a critical failure and encompasses severe repercussions. The paper details an investigation into the issue of ‘White Deposition’ on IG coils. White deposit was observed in IG Coils during new model development in bench level durability test. A comprehensive failure analysis was conducted, employing vibration analysis, thermal analysis, and chemical analysis of the white deposits to ascertain the root cause. Subsequent to identifying the root cause, the study elaborated on hardware design enhancements as a solution. These design changes were rigorously tested on engine benches, confirmed for
Patel, Hardik ManubhaiGupta, VineetChand, SubhashKumar, Nitish
Noise induced by the Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) system inside a vehicle cabin can cause significant discomfort to passengers and, in turn, affect the brand image in a competitive automotive market. HVAC acoustic performance has become more prominent with the ongoing transformation from Internal Combustion (IC) to Electric Vehicle (EV) segments. For this reason, acoustic quality is increasingly prioritized as a key design issue throughout the entire development process of the HVAC system. This paper covers the design synthesis considering air handling unit-induced airborne and structure-borne noise of a dashboard-mounted HVAC system to achieve better NVH refinement inside vehicle while maintaining thermal performance. This study began by analysing HVAC-induced blower motor, impeller, air ducts, vents, and recirculation suction noise from the vehicle level to subsystem level and eventually at the component level. At the subsystem level, major noise source
Titave, Uttam VasantNaidu, SudhakaraKalsule, Shrikant
The stiffness and positioning of engine mounts are crucial in determining the powertrain rigid body modes and kinetic energy distribution. Therefore, optimizing these mounts is essential in the automotive industry to separate the torque roll axis (TRA) and minimize vibration. This study aims to enhance mount locations by isolating the engine rigid body modes and predicting the inter-component force (ICF) and transfer function of the vehicle. The individual ICFs for engine mountings are calculated by applying a unit force at the bearing location. Critical frequencies are identified where the amplification exceeds the unit force at the mounting interface between the engine and the frame. The transfer function approach is utilized to assess the vibration at the handlebar. Both ICF and transfer functions analyze the source and path characteristics linked to critical response frequencies. This understanding aids in enhancing mounting positions to minimize vibration levels, thereby enhancing
Jha, Niraj KumarYeezaku, Antony NeominVictor, Priyanka EstherKrishnamurthy, Govindasamy
Electric vehicles are transforming the future of transportation for the world while achieving the goal of sustainable development. While the concept and use of battery-powered vehicles has also penetrated the logistics and supply chain industry, it has also brought upon new challenges during its development. As OEMs strive to develop BEVs with extended range, the components within the propulsion and drivetrain system tend to demand a higher power output from the energy storage systems. This results in BEVs generating higher levels of thermal heat energy, which must be dissipated / rejected for optimal performance and safety. Consequently, to reject this heat, BEVs must utilize thermal management systems with higher capacities. This increase in size is accompanied by the inclusion of many parts that generate noise and contribute to increased noise levels in BEVS. In today’s market, optimization of noise levels is a significant factor when ensuring passenger comfort, while also showing
Shedge, Atharva VikasShalgar, SandeepSrivastava, SarveshNagarhalli, Prasanna V
Researchers have been testing ways to continuously and more comfortably detect these tiny fluctuations in pressure. A prototype smart contact lens measures eye pressure accurately, regardless of temperature. The contact lens wirelessly transmits real-time signals about eye pressure across a wide range of temperatures
ABSTRACT This work investigates non-traditional operating modes of a diesel engine that allow the tailoring of acoustic, smoke and thermal signatures for unique unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) military applications. A production, air-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine having a mechanical fuel injection system has been retrofit with a flexible common-rail injection and electronic control system. The experimental domain explores the effects of the injection timing and pressure on the engine’s acoustic, smoke and heat signatures through analysis of the in-cylinder combustion processes. Surface maps of loudness, exhaust temperature and exhaust smoke density over the range of fuel injection strategies are presented, illustrating the degree to which each signature may be controlled. Trade-offs between the signature modes are presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the possibility of providing military UGVs the capability to tailor their acoustic, infrared and smoke signatures
Jansons, MarcisKhaira, SukhbirBryzik, Walter
ABSTRACT Tracked vehicles are known to provide excellent off-road mobility, but traditional steel tracks do come with some important compromises. The recent introduction of Composite Rubber Tracks (CRT) on the CV90 IFV (77,000 lb) has shown that this robust and operationally proven CRT technology significantly reduces the vehicle weight, fuel consumption, noise, and vibration levels. Inspired by this new enthusiasm for tracked vehicles, provided by CRT, armies and original vehicle manufacturers initiated a series of independent trials confirming the benefits and reliability of CRT. The author’s objective is to present the conclusions of these independent CRT trials, more specifically focusing on the Warrior IFV, providing substantiation data on how CRT technology enhances tracked vehicle performance
Marcotte, Tommy
ABSTRACT Today’s battlefield requires access to information in a multitude of environments with varying terrains (both urban and rural) in either passive or active engagements. Ground vehicles need sensors that can be rapidly deployed to different locations and networked into the family of vehicles in order to effectively share information. Masted sensor systems, in particular, are a potential valuable resource with their ability to perform long-range surveillance over obstructions while minimizing vehicle exposure. To maximize effectiveness these systems must withstand harsh battlefield conditions without undue maintenance. The need for variable mast heights, on-the-move (OTM) sensor performance, the ability to support a wide variety of long-range sensors, internal cabling to better resist battlefield damage, resistance to armored vehicle vibration and shock environments, and rapid mast deployment and stowage have driven Lockheed Martin to a robust mast solution that meets this
Neely, DavidFosen, KeithPoteat, DanielCarmichael, D. Brian
ABSTRACT Defence R&D Canada – Suffield has undertaken a research project to investigate the practicality of an operationally quiet hybrid-electric snowmobile. This paper reports on the design of, and the testing conducted with, a prototype noise-reduced hybrid-electric snowmobile. The project goals were to ascertain the practicality of such a design and to determine the baseline achievable noise reduction prior to any optimization. The project has overcome most of the technological hurdles, producing a solid basis for future work. The vehicle performed well in military user testing
Ouellette, SimonGiesbrecht, JaredKuyek, DavidDe Broux, FrancisProulx, Olivier
ABSTRACT We propose a system for the active cancellation of exhaust sound power where the desired outcome is a compact and lightweight solution to reduce exterior noise levels to inaudible operation at 20 meters. We have identified two challenges in developing this solution. The first is the integration of COTS technology to provide the signal processing for the active system, and the second is the development of a novel noise source and sensors which can withstand the extreme environment within a vehicle exhaust
Helminen, RyanNelson, KevinMattson, SteveKowalski, Darin
As a novel passive control method, the acoustic black hole (ABH) structure demonstrates achieve energy aggregation efficiently and has the characteristics of lightweight and wide-band noise reduction. This study applies ABH theory to aircraft ducts by incorporating an additional ABH structure into the inner wall design. The spiral structure is specifically engineered to increase the characteristic length of the black hole and lower the cutoff frequency. To validate the effectiveness of this ABH structural design, finite element analysis was conducted to investigate structural frequency response, acoustic energy concentration characteristics, as well as damping and energy dissipation effects. Simulation results indicate significant energy accumulation on the inner wall with ABH structure in frequencies above 800Hz. Additionally, through acoustic-structure coupling analysis, far-field acoustic radiation characteristics were determined for this structural design followed by a
Guo, YaningLv, PengLiu, PengfeiNing, Donghong
ABSTRACT Curtiss-Wright has developed an acoustic based sensor technology for measuring friction, shock, and dynamic load transfer between moving parts in machinery. This technology provides a means of detecting and analyzing machine structure borne ultrasonic frequency sounds caused by friction and shock events between the moving parts of the machine. Electrical signals from the sensors are amplified and filtered to remove unwanted low frequency vibration energy. The resulting data is analyzed as a computed stress wave energy value that considers the amplitude, shape, duration and rates of all friction and shock events that occur during a reference time interval. The ability to separate stress waves from the lower frequency operational noise makes this technology capable of detecting damaged gears/bearings and changes in lubrication in equipment earlier than other techniques, and before failure progression increases cost of repair. Already TRL9 in adjacent industries, this technology
Reichenfeld, Curtis
ABSTRACT Due to the recent fluctuations in the rare-earth magnet pricing and availability demands, switched reluctance machines (SRMs) have gained significant interest to be used in automotive and military applications. SRMs are known to have high power density/efficiency, low cost, easy manufacturability, wide constant power region, robust structure and high reliability. On the other hand, high acoustic noise and torque ripple have limited their wide spread usage in the past. This paper investigates the analyses, design and experimental verification of various acoustic noise reduction techniques for SRMs. The prototypes of 100 kW SRMs for military ground vehicles have been built with the implemented acoustic noise reduction techniques and were tested using a dynamometer special for electric and hybrid vehicle testing
Sozer, YilmazTylenda, JoshuaKutz, JohnWright, Ronnie L.
ABSTRACT Under the sponsorship of TARDEC, UTRC is developing 5–10 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Auxiliary Power Units (APU) that will be capable of operating on JP-8 with a sulfur concentration of up to the specification’s upper limit of 3000 ppmw. These APUs will be sized to fit within the relatively tight space available on U.S. Army vehicles such as the Abrams, Bradley and Stryker. The objective of the base development program that commenced in August 2010 is a 1000 hour TRL-5 demonstration of an APU in an Abrams configuration by mid-2013. This SOFC system is expected to provide power to the 28 VDC vehicle bus at a net efficiency ≥35%. In addition, the noise level is anticipated to be far below that generated by combustion engine-based APU concepts. UTRC has completed the Preliminary Design of the system and has finalized the overall system configuration and the requirements for each of the components. During the Preliminary Design phase, evaluations of the performance of sub
Tew, DavidHawkes, JustinJunker, TobyKuczek, AndrzejRheaume, JonathanSun, EllenXi, HandaYamanis, JohnZhu, TianliRatowski, JeffCenteck, Kevin
ABSTRACT The functionality of the next-generation Department of Defense platforms, such as the Small Unmanned Ground Vehicles (SUGV) and Small Unmanned Arial Vehicles (SUAV), requires strongly electronics-rich architectures. The reliability of these systems will be dependent on the reliability of the electronics. These electronic systems and the critical components in them can experience extremely harsh thermal and vibrations environments. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the failure mechanisms of these components through experiments and simulation based on physics-of-failure methods. One of the key challenges in recreating life-cycle vibration conditions during design and qualification testing in the lab is the re-creation of simultaneous multi-axial excitation that closely mimics what the product experiences in the field. Currently, there are two common approaches in the industry when testing a prototype or qualifying a product for multi-axial vibration environments. One
Habtour, EdMortin, DavidChoi, CholminDasgupta, Abhijit
ABSTRACT When we assess compliance of crew exposure to vibration within a military tracked vehicle we use international standards, these are ISO 2631 and BS 6841. Within these standards, weighting factors based on research carried out 40 years ago are applied to the measured vibration. These weighing filters attenuate and remove vibration above 80Hz. After conducting tests for over 30 years, it is the author’s intention to prove that these filters are no longer fit for purpose and the standards need revisiting
O’Shea, Ciarán
ABSTRACT Most hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications require the utilization of electric motors that have high torque/power density, high efficiency, a wide speed range and reliability. Interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motors comprised of rare-earth magnet material is the most common electric motor class used for HEVs. However, recent fluctuations in the rare-earth magnet pricing and availability demands the search for zero rare-earth motor topologies as an alternative to IPM for use in HEVs. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are rare-earth free alternatives with simple and very robust construction, high efficiency/reliability, high torque at low speed, more thermal capability, and a wide constant power region. Nonetheless, they have several disadvantages which emerge from the nature of the torque production in SRMs, such as high torque ripple, high vibration, and substantial acoustic noise. This paper investigates the acoustic noise mitigation techniques of SRMs with
Sozer, YilmazTylenda, JoshuaKutz, JohnWright, Ronnie L.
With the rapid advancement in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, the demand for stable and high-precision electro-optical (EO) pods, such as cameras, lidar sensors, and infrared imaging systems, has significantly increased. However, the inherent vibrations generated by the UAV’s propulsion system and aerodynamic disturbances pose significant challenges to the stability and accuracy of these payloads. To address this issue, this paper presents a study on the application of high-static low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) vibration isolation devices in EO payloads mounted on UAVs. The HSLDS system is designed to effectively isolate low-frequency and high-amplitude vibrations while maintaining high static stiffness, ensuring both stability during hovering and precise pointing capabilities. A nonlinear dynamic system model with two degrees of freedom is formulated for an EO pod supported by HSLDS isolators at both ends. The model’s natural frequencies are determined, and approximate
Tian, YishenGuo, GaofengWang, GuangzhaoWei, WanBao, LingcongDong, GuanLi, Liujie
ABSTRACT A methodology based on a combination of commercial software tools is developed for rendering complex acoustic scenes in real time. The methodology aims to bridge the gap between real time acoustic rendering algorithms which lack important physics for the exterior urban environment and more rigorous but computationally expensive geometric or wave-based acoustics software by incorporating pre-computed results into a real time framework. The methodology is developed by surveying the best in class commercial software, outlining a general means for accommodating results from each, and identifying areas where supplemental capability is required. This approach yields a real time solution with improved accuracy. Strengths and limitations in current commercial technologies are identified and summarized
Mattson, Steven GPolakowski, Stephen E.Pruetz, JeffSmith, RobJanicki, Phil
WHY DO WE NEED SIMULATIONS? This paper is intended to provide a broad presentation of the simulation techniques focusing on transmission testing touching a bit on power train testing. Often, we do not have the engine or vehicle to run live proving ground tests on the transmission. By simulating the vehicle and engine, we reduce the overall development time of a new transmission design. For HEV transmissions, the battery may not be available. However, the customer may want to run durability tests on the HEV motor and/or the electronic control module for the HEV motor. What-if scenarios that were created using software simulators can be verified on the test stand using the real transmission. NVH applications may prefer to use an electric motor for engine simulation to reduce the engine noise level in the test cell so transmission noise is more easily discernable
Johnson, Bryce
ABSTRACT This report documents the investigation of a vibration-based diagnostic approach developed for automotive transmissions. Data was recorded throughout three durability tests that were conducted by the transmission OEM. Rebuilt transmissions were operated around the clock under the most demanding speed and load set-points until critical gear or bearing failures resulted in loss of operability. The analysis results indicate that an embedded diagnostic and predictive capability can be implemented for military ground vehicle transmissions using vibration-based techniques. The results also specifically show an early indication of a fault condition is possible three weeks before failure for the test transmission. A technique for detecting solenoid faults using only the existing control signals rather than response measurements comparison that does not require the installation of additional sensors was also developed through this effort and will be discussed. This paper highlights the
Lebold, MitchellPflumm, ScottHines, JasonBanks, JeffreyBednar, JonathanMarino, LarryBechtel, Jim
ABSTRACT Awareness of the surroundings is strongly influenced by acoustic cues. This is of relevance for the implementation of safety strategies on board of electric and hybrid vehicles and for the development of acoustic camouflage of military vehicles. These two areas of research have clearly opposite goals, in that developers of electric vehicles aim at adding the minimum amount of exterior noise that will make the EV acoustically noticeable by a blind or distracted pedestrian, while the developers of military vehicles desire to implement hardware configurations with minimum likelihood of acoustic detectability. The common theme is the understanding of what makes a vehicle noticeable based the noise it generates and the environment in which it is immersed. Traditional approaches based on differences of overall level and/or one-third octave based spectra are too simplistic to represent complex scenarios such as urban scenes with multiple sources in the soundscape and significant
Pietila, GlennCerrato, GabriellaSmith, Robert E.
Integrated electric drive systems are characterized by high power density, reliability, and controllability, making them increasingly prevalent in the realm of electric commercial vehicles. However, the direct coupling between the motor shaft and the transmission system has introduced a series of undesirable torsional vibration phenomena. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of electric drive systems in operation for electric commercial vehicles, a comprehensive modeling approach is employed. This modeling framework takes into account key factors such as gear backlash, structural flexibility, and electromagnetic spatiotemporal excitations. Based on this model, the influence of the electrical system on time-varying gear mesh stiffness, gear transmission error, bearing forces, and other factors is investigated. Building upon this foundation, the article proposes an approach for active harmonic voltage injection. This method effectively reduces torque fluctuations, decreases the
Xi, XinChen, XiaoliZhao, HongyangZhao, XuanWei, JingLiu, Yonggang
Torsional vibration generated during operation of commercial vehicles can negatively affect the life of driveline components, including the transmission, driveshafts, and rear axle. Undesirable vibrations typically stem from off-specification parts, or excitation at one or more system resonant frequencies. The solution for the former involves getting the system components within specification. As for the latter, the solution involves avoiding excitation at resonance, or modifying the parameters to move the system’s resonant frequencies outside the range of operation through component changes that modify one, or more, component inertia, stiffness, or damping characteristics. One goal of the effort described in this article is to propose, and experimentally demonstrate, a physics-based gear-shifting algorithm that prevents excitation of the system’s resonant frequency if it lies in the vehicle’s range of operation. To guide that effort, analysis was conducted with a numerical simulation
Dhamankar, ShvetaAli, JunaidParshall, EvanShaver, GregoryEvans, JohnBajaj, Anil K.
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed a metamaterial that traps and amplifies micro-vibrations in small areas. This innovation is expected to increase the power output of energy harvesting, which converts wasted vibration energy into electricity, and accelerate its commercialization
Over the past twenty years, the automotive sector has increasingly prioritized lightweight and eco-friendly products. Specifically, in the realm of tyres, achieving reduced weight and lower rolling resistance is crucial for improving fuel efficiency. However, these goals introduce significant challenges in managing Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH), particularly regarding mid-frequency noise inside the vehicle. This study focuses on analyzing the interior noise of a passenger car within the 250 to 500 Hz frequency range. It examines how tyre tread stiffness and carcass stiffness affect this noise through structural borne noise test on a rough road drum and modal analysis, employing both experimental and computational approaches. Findings reveal that mid-frequency interior noise is significantly affected by factors such as the tension in the cap ply, the stiffness of the belt, and the properties of the tyre sidewall
Subbian, JaiganeshM, Saravanan
This article addresses the essential task of understanding vibrations produced by vehicles to enhance the design of authentic laboratory tests. The article focuses on two primary sources of vibrations: those arising from vehicle–road surface interaction, which is largely random, and those emanating from the drivetrain, characterized as a summation of harmonics with a time-varying fundamental frequency. The method involves the application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) paired with robust nonlinear least-squares (NLS) initialization to isolate the harmonic components effectively. Through a comprehensive analysis involving mean-square-error (MSE) evaluation via Monte Carlo simulation, considering additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and a two-degrees-of-freedom quarter-car model’s simulation response to the road, the research demonstrates the EKF’s proficiency. The results indicate the EKF’s capability to accommodate AWGN with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 0 dB and road-induced
Sierra-Alonso, Edgar F.Rouillard, VincentLamb, Matthew
Three dynamic models of a passenger car including the one-dimensional dynamic model, two-dimensional dynamic model, and three-dimensional dynamic model are built to evaluate the ride quality of the passenger car as well as the isolating performance of the SNS (structure of negative stiffness). The decrease of the root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations in the seat and car’s body shaking is the research goal. The investigation results indicate that under all working conditions including the various excitations of the road surface and various velocities of the passenger car, the seat’s acceleration with SNS is strongly ameliorated in comparison without SNS in all three models of the passenger car. Particularly, the RMS seat acceleration with SNS in one-, two-, and three-dimensional models is strongly reduced in comparison without SNS by 76.87%, 66.15%, and 70.59%, respectively. Thus, the seat’s SNS has a good effect in isolating the vertical vibration of the passenger car’s seat. However
Zhang, LeiLi, TaoYang, Guixing
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