Browse Topic: Interiors, Cabins, and Cockpits
ABSTRACT The concept of handheld control systems with modular and/or integrated display provides the flexibility of operator use that supports the needs of today’s warfighters. A human machine interface control system that easily integrates with vehicle systems through common architecture and can transition to support dismounted operations provides warfighters with functional mobility they do not have today. With Size, Weight and Power along with reliability, maintainability and availability driving the needs of most platforms for both upgrade and development, moving to convertible (mounted to handheld) and transferrable control systems supports these needs as well as the need for the warfighter to maintain continuous control and command connectivity in uncertain mission conditions
ABSTRACT Computational models are widely used in the prediction of occupant injury responses and vehicle structural performance of ground vehicles subjected to underbody blasts. Although these physics based computational models incorporate all the material and environment data, the classic models are typically deterministic and do not capture the potential variations in the design, testing and operating parameters. This paper investigates the effect of one such variation in physical tests, namely, variations in the position of occupant setup on the occupant injury responses. To study the effects of occupant position, a series of vertical drop tower tests were performed in a controlled setup. A vertical drop tower test involves an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) dummy positioned on a seat and the setup is dropped on an energy attenuating surface, thus producing a desired shock pulse on the seat structure. The experimental data was analyzed for sensitivity of occupant position and ATD
ABSTRACT The concept of handheld control systems with modular and/or integrated display provides the flexibility of operator use that supports the needs of today’s warfighters. A human machine interface control system that easily integrates with vehicle systems through common architecture and can transition to support dismounted operations provides warfighters with functional mobility they do not have today. With Size, Weight and Power along with reliability, maintainability and availability driving the needs of most platforms for both upgrade and development, moving to convertible (mounted to handheld) and transferrable control systems supports these needs as well as the need for the warfighter to maintain continuous control and command connectivity in uncertain mission conditions
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting free-motion headform testing of heavy truck cab interior surfaces and components. A description of the test setup, instrumentation, impact configuration, target locations, and data reduction is included
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) outlines the design considerations and criteria for the control of water carryover from the environmental control system (ECS) with respect to causes and indicated corrective or preventative action. In addition, condensation on structure will be reviewed with possible preventative action described
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method of conducting an endurance test using contaminated air when the applicable specification requires non-recirculation of the contaminants. The objective of the test is to determine the resistance of the engine mounted components to wear or damage caused by the contaminated air. The method described herein calls for non-recirculation of the contaminants and is intended to provide a uniform distribution of the contaminant at the inlet to the Unit Under Test (UUT). The UUT may require the use of a hydraulic fluid for actuation of components within the test unit. Contamination of the test hydraulic fluid is not part of this recommended practice. If contaminated hydraulic fluid is required by the applicable test specification, refer to MAP749
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains guidelines and recommendations for subsonic airplane air conditioning systems and components, including requirements, design philosophy, testing, and ambient conditions. The airplane air conditioning system comprises that arrangement of equipment, controls, and indicators that supply and distribute air to the occupied compartments for ventilation, pressurization, and temperature and moisture control. The principal features of the system are: a A supply of outside air with independent control valve(s). b A means for heating. c A means for cooling (air or vapor cycle units and heat exchangers). d A means for removing excess moisture from the air supply. e A ventilation subsystem. f A temperature control subsystem. g A pressure control subsystem. Other system components for treating cabin air, such as filtration and humidification, are included, as are the ancillary functions of equipment cooling and cargo compartment conditioning
This ARP provides the definition of terms commonly used in aircraft environmental control system (ECS) design and analysis. Many of the terms may be used as guidelines for establishing standard ECS nomenclature. Some general thermodynamic terms are included that are frequently used in ECS analysis, but this document is not meant to be an inclusive list of such terms
Energy efficiency in both internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric vehicles (EV) is a strategic advantage of automotive companies. It provides a better user experience that emanates amongst others from the reduction in operation expenses, particularly critical for fleets, and the increase in range. This is especially important in EVs where customers may experience range anxiety. The energetical impact of using the air conditioning system in vehicles is not negligible with power consumptions in the range of kilowatts, even with a stopped vehicle. This becomes particularly important in areas with high temperature and humidity levels where the usage of the air conditioning systems becomes safety factor. In such areas, drivers are effectively forced to use the air conditioning system continuously. Hence, the air conditioning system becomes an ideal choice to deploy control strategies for optimized energy usage. In this paper, we propose and implement a control strategy that allows a
In automotive air conditioning systems, compressor is used to convert low pressure low temperature refrigerant into high pressure high temperature refrigerant. Various types of compressors like swash plate, rotary vane, scroll etc. are widely used in the automotive industry for air conditioning applications. In rotary vane compressors, thermal protector is used as a safety device, designed to prevent the compressor from overheating during refrigerant compression process. When the discharge temperature exceeds the preset limit of thermal protector, the thermal protector will activate and stop the electrical supply to compressor clutch to stop the compressor operation thereby preventing potential damage to air conditioning system, engine, and other nearby parts of the vehicle. This technical paper explores the various real-world scenarios for a hot country like India, which may result into higher discharge temperatures of compressor resulting into activation of thermal protector. The
Electric Vehicles and Battery-Fuel_Cell hybrid vehicles are increasingly becoming popular in the market, especially in the commercial vehicle segment. Range estimation and control is of paramount importance as it is the main cause of anxiety among the vehicle owners. This paper discusses application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to achieve range control. In RL, the learning agent choses actions dependent on the state of the environment and gets a reward in return. Ultimately the agent will learn the policy of choosing the actions for each state such that his long-term reward is maximized. The technique of RL has been applied for various scenarios where in a look up table (between the states of a system and actions to be taken) needs to be developed for optimal performance. In this paper, we use RL to manipulate other energy sources and sinks like Fuel Cell and HVAC (in addition to the battery which is the main energy source) for range control, and thereby achieve the optimal
Vehicle HVAC noise performance is an important vehicle design validation criterion since it significantly links the brand image of a vehicle. It affects the customer’s buying decision and the business of selling vehicles because it directly affects driving comfort. Customers expect continuous improvement in HVAC noise without compromising cooling performance. The process of cascading vehicle-level acoustic performance to subsystem and component levels becomes an important factor in the vehicle NVH development process. It was found that the component-level [HVAC unit without duct] performance of an HVAC system measured in an anechoic chamber was at par when compared to targets, whereas the subsystem-level performance [HVAC unit with duct and dashboard] was on the higher side of the targets. Advanced NVH tools were used to identify the source of noise at the subsystem level. It helped to locate the source and its transfer path. A design modification done at the transfer path location
The purpose of air conditioning (AC) duct packing is multifaceted, serving to prevent condensation, eliminate rattle noise, and provide thermal insulation. A critical aspect of duct packing is its adhesive quality, which is essential for maintaining the longevity and effectiveness of the packing's functions. Indeed, the challenge of achieving adequate adhesivity on AC ducting parts is significant due to the harsh operating conditions to which these components are subjected. The high temperatures and presence of condensation within the AC system can severely compromise the adhesive's ability to maintain a strong bond. Moreover, the materials used for these parts, such as HDPE, often have low surface energy, which further hinders the formation of a durable adhesive bond. The failure of the adhesive under these conditions can lead to delamination of the duct packing, which can result in customer inconvenience due to rattling noises, potential electrical failures if condensed water
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the overall requirements applicable to oxygen flow indication as required by Airworthiness Requirements of CS/FAR 25.1449 to show that oxygen is being delivered to the dispensing equipment. Requirements of this document shall be applicable to any type of oxygen system technology and encompass “traditional” pneumatic devices, as well electric/electronic indication
This document provides guidance for oxygen cylinder installation on commerical aircraft based on airworthiness requirements, and methods practiced within aerospace industry. It covers considerations for oxygen systems from beginning of project phase up to production, maintenance, and servicing. The document is related to requirements of DOT-approved oxygen cylinders, as well to those designed and manufactured to standards of ISO 11119. However, its basic rules may also be applicable to new development pertaining to use of such equipment in an oxygen environment. For information regarding oxygen cylinders itself, also refer to AIR825/12
This standard covers oxygen masks and breathing valves used with both panel mounted and mask mounted demand and pressure-demand oxygen regulators. Mask mounted oxygen regulators are covered under other standards, but when the mask mounted regulator incorporates an integral exhalation valve, the performance of this valve shall meet the requirements of this standard
This SAE Standard provides a test method, an evaluation method, and a performance criterion for shock-absorbing characteristics of a general foam-type snowmobile seat. This SAE Standard applies to seats that are similar in design, dimensions, construction, and/or intended usage as described and illustrated in SAE J33
Tank Technologies, a company producing porcelain-lined water heaters, faced significant challenges with their manual cutting processes. Challenges in the cutting process are detrimental in an industrial landscape where speed requirements and cost pressures are high. The introduction of Hirebotics’ Cobot Cutter significantly improved their operations, drastically reducing rework, improving cycle times, and elevating overall efficiency
Occupant packaging is one of the key tasks involved in the early architectural phase of a vehicle. Accommodation, as a convention, is generally considered related to a car’s interior. Typical roominess metrics of the occupant like hip room, shoulder room, and elbow room are defined with the door in its closed condition. Several other roominess metrics like knee room, leg room, head room, and the like are also specified. While all the guidelines are defined with doors in their closed condition, it is also important to consider the dynamics that exist while the occupant is entering the vehicle. This article expands the traditional understanding of occupant accommodation beyond conventionally considering the vehicle interior’s ability to accommodate anthropometry. It broadens the scope to include dynamic conditions, such as when doors are opened, providing a more realistic and practical perspective. As a luxury car manufacturer, it is important to ensure the best overall customer
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a framework for establishing methods and stakeholder responsibilities to ensure that seats with integrated electronic components (e.g., actuation system, reading light, inflatable restraint, in-flight entertainment equipment, etc.) meet the seat technical standard order (TSO) minimum performance standards (MPS). These agreements will allow seat suppliers to build and ship TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. The document presents the roles and accountabilities of the electronics manufacturer (EM), the seat supplier, and the TC/ATC/STC applicant/holder in the context of AC 21-49, Section 7.b (“Type Certification Using TSO-Approved Seat with Electronic Components Defined in TSO Design”). This document applies to all FAA seat TSOs C39( ), C127( ), etc. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the procurement of electronics, their integration on a TSO-approved seat, and the
A unique wristwatch contains multiple modules, including a sensor array, a microfluidic chip, signal processing, and a data display system to monitor chemicals in human sweat. It can continuously and accurately monitor the levels of potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) ions
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines means to assess the effect of changes to seat back mounted IFE monitors on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edges. The assessment methods described may be used for evaluation of changes to seat back monitor delethalization (blunt trauma and post-test sharp edges) and head injury criterion (HIC) attributes (refer to ARP6448, Appendix A, Item 4). Application is focused on type A-T (transport airplane) certified seat installations
This document provides background information, rationale, and data (both physical testing and computer simulations) used in defining the component test methods and similarity criteria described in SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6330. ARP6330 defines multiple test methods used to assess the effect of seat back mounted IFE monitor changes on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edge generation. The data generated is based on seat and IFE components installed on type A-T (transport airplane) certified aircraft. While not within the scope of ARP6330, generated test data for the possible future development of surrogate target evaluation methods is also included
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