Browse Topic: Tests and Testing
ABSTRACT Flash® Bainite Processing employs rapid thermal cycling (<10s) to strengthen commercial off the shelf (COTS) steel sheet, plate, and tubing into Ultra Hard 600 Armor, High Hard 500 Armor, and advanced high strength steel (AHSS). In a continuous process, induction technology heats a narrow segment of the steel cross section in just seconds to atypically high temperature (1000-1300°C). Quenching substantially immediately follows. A report by Benet Labs and Picatinny Arsenal, investigating a less mature flash technology in 2011, surmised that the novel flash bainite process for steels has the potential to reduce cost and weight while also enhancing mechanical performance [1]. Receiving five financial grants, the US Dept of Energy has greatly matured flash technology in the last few years and its metallurgical understanding in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Lab and others. DOE has named Flash Bainite as the “SBIR Small Business of the Year” in May 2018 and awarded a Phase 3
ABSTRACT This paper describes the role of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) as a critical tool which must be necessarily used for the development, acquisition and testing of autonomous systems. To be used effectively key aspects of development, acquisition and testing must adapt and change to derive the maximum benefit from M&S. We describe how development, acquisition and testing should leverage and use M&S. We furthermore introduce and explain the idea of testable autonomy and conclude with a discussion of the qualities and requirements that M&S needs to have to effectively function in the role that we envision. Citation: J. Brabbs, S. Lohrer, P. Kwashnak, P. Bounker, M. Brudnak, “M&S as the Key Enabler for Autonomy Development, Acquisition and Testing”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019
ABSTRACT V-shaped hulls for vehicles, to mitigate buried blast loads, are typically formed by bending plate. Such an approach was carried out in fabricating small test articles and testing them with buried-explosive blast load in Southwest Research Institute’s (SwRI) Landmine Test Fixture. During the experiments, detailed time dependent deflections were recorded over a wide area of the test article surface using the Dynamic Deformation Instrumentation System (DDIS). This information allowed detailed comparison with numerical simulations that were performed with LS-DYNA. Though in general there is good agreement on the deflection, in the specific location of the bends in the steel the agreement decreases in the lateral cross section. Computations performed with empirical blast loads developed by SwRI and by more computationally intensive ALE methods in LS-DYNA produced the same results. Computations performed in EPIC showed the same result. The metal plate was then bent numerically so
ABSTRACT A discussion on the utility of physics-based compact thermal models to guide the design, integration, operation and control of thermally sensitive vehicle components is presented. Effective component selection requires honest and accurate representation of the key performance attributes expressed by physics-based models. Parallel developments and lessons learned from the Electronics Industry on component packaging and characterization is discussed. An example application of a physics-based model driven design is presented for an Electrical Energy Dissipater design used on typical hybrid vehicles. Low fidelity models are used early in the design to support system requirements decomposition into discreet design attributes. High fidelity thermal and electromagnetic models are used to explore the design space and to optimize performance metrics. Accurate and robust reduced order thermal models are used for the continuous prognostic, diagnostic monitoring and control of the device
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss via case study both military and civilian hybrid vehicle development focusing on the processes required from the selection of the hybrid propulsion system architecture, component down-selection using advanced modeling and simulation tools, body/chassis development and integration, design verification testing using an advanced dynamometer test facility, and final full vehicle validation on the test track. The paper will incorporate results from the FED (Fuel Efficiency Demonstrator) program where AVL is responsible in collaboration with World Technical Services Inc., for delivering a fully developed hybrid propulsion system integrated into the demonstrator vehicle
ABSTRACT Localization refers to the process of estimating ones location (and often orientation) within an environment. Ground vehicle automation, which offers the potential for substantial safety and logistical benefits, requires accurate, robust localization. Current localization solutions, including GPS/INS, LIDAR, and image registration, are all inherently limited in adverse conditions. This paper presents a method of localization that is robust to most conditions that hinder existing techniques. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a new class of ground penetrating radar (GPR) with a novel antenna array design that allows mapping of the subsurface domain for the purpose of localization. A vehicle driving through the mapped area uses a novel real-time correlation-based registration algorithm to estimate the location and orientation of the vehicle with respect to the subsurface map. A demonstration system has achieved localization accuracy of 2 cm. We also discuss tracking results
ABSTRACT Optical distortion measurements for transparent armor (TA) solutions are critical to ensure occupants can see what is happening outside a vehicle. Unfortunately, optically transparent materials often have poorer mechanical properties than their opaque counterparts which usually results in much thicker layups to provide the same level of protection. Current standards still call for the use of a double exposure method to manually compare the distortion of grid lines. This report presents provides a similar method of analysis with less user input using items typically available in many mechanics labs: machine vision cameras and digital image correlation software. Citation: J. M. Gorman, “An Easier Approach to Measuring Optical Distortion in Transparent Armor”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 11-13, 2020. The views presented are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of DoD or
WHY DO WE NEED SIMULATIONS? This paper is intended to provide a broad presentation of the simulation techniques focusing on transmission testing touching a bit on power train testing. Often, we do not have the engine or vehicle to run live proving ground tests on the transmission. By simulating the vehicle and engine, we reduce the overall development time of a new transmission design. For HEV transmissions, the battery may not be available. However, the customer may want to run durability tests on the HEV motor and/or the electronic control module for the HEV motor. What-if scenarios that were created using software simulators can be verified on the test stand using the real transmission. NVH applications may prefer to use an electric motor for engine simulation to reduce the engine noise level in the test cell so transmission noise is more easily discernable
ABSTRACT The first part of this paper will outline the conception of the testing apparatus (Figure 1), along with its operation and preliminary results. The second part of the paper will discuss a new methodology used to correlate the dependence of crack growth rate for strain crystallizing natural rubbers in terms of tearing energy. The tearing energy which depends on the type of elastomer, geometry and stress strain behavior of a particular specimen demonstrates a direct correlation with the crack growth rate at different R-ratios (= min tearing energy/max tearing energy). Figure 1 Schematic of the testing apparatus
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