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Announcements for SAE Mobilus

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Vertical Flight Society Technical Papers - Coming Soon to Mobilus
Vertical Flight Society papers coming soon to SAE Mobilus. In partnership with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS), SAE Mobilus will be hosting more than 17,000 technical papers and proceedings from VFS. Click here to see a sample of the content covering decades of rotorcraft and vertical flight technologies.
Important Update – Accessibility Enhancements on SAE Mobilus
We’re pleased to share that SAE Mobilus has recently completed a comprehensive set of accessibility improvements across the platform. As a result, Mobilus is now aligned with WCAG 2.2 Level AA standards in most key categories. These updates are part of our ongoing commitment to ensuring the platform is accessible to all users. Enhancements include improvements to keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, visual contrast, error handling, and overall usability across core areas of the site. An updated Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT v2.5 – March 2026) is now available, providing a detailed overview of our accessibility conformance. You can access the VPAT directly within the Help section. Accessibility is a continuous effort. We will continue to evaluate and improve the platform to better support all users and meet evolving standards. If you have any feedback or experience any accessibility issues, we welcome your input. - The SAE Mobilus Team
SAE AI Chat — Update and What's Next
* Important Update - SAE AI chatbot Beta program * The SAE AI Chatbot Beta program - Phase 1 will end on March 31, 2026. Following this date, the AI chatbot capabilities will be temporarily unavailable as we begin development of a significantly enhanced version. We sincerely thank all Phase 1 Beta participants for their engagement and valuable feedback - your insights have played an important role in shaping the next phase of this experience. The upcoming version of the SAE AI Chatbot will expand content coverage beyond current standards, incorporating additional critical resources from our digital library. It will also be made available to a broader audience across Mobilus. Want to be part of what's next? Register your interest here to receive updates and be considered for early access. For additional information, visit the FAQs. — The Mobilus Team
SAE International Digitization and AI Policy
SAE International prohibits the entry of SAE Content into any form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, OpenAI, or Microsoft Copilot. Additionally, creating derivatives of SAE Content using AI is also prohibited without express written permission from SAE International. In the case of such use, SAE International will suspend access to SAE Content, and further legal action will be considered.
Welcome to the new SAE Mobilus®
  Welcome to the new era of SAE Mobilus®, redesigned with a modern, intuitive web interface featuring enhanced search capabilities to help you stay informed and easily discover content. Login today: To access content within your subscription and make the most of the platform, please log into your subscription and your personal My Library (sign up is free) located in the top right corner of the screen.   Key Features Intuitive User Interface: We've listened to our customers and tied this to the best practices in the industry to offer an improved, intuitive, and desirable website experience for our users.​ Improved In-app Discoverability: Enhanced search and expanded menu featuring search suggestions that allow for quick discovery of content.​ Announcements: Stay up to date on new features through a dedicated announcements page. Most recent announcements also get featured on the homepage.​ Enhanced Browse capabilities: Browse through over 200,000 publications that are now classified into categories commonly used across the industry. Deep-dive further into any topic or sub-topic of interest to make the most for your corporate projects or research.​ Smart Automation: "Meta Tags" on each result will help you find content related to your search.​ My Library: My dashboard is rebranded as My Library with powerful features to help you make the most out of the platform Mobile Friendly: Upgraded navigation on mobile devices​ Training Available SAE’s Customer Success team is dedicated to delivering the best platform experience possible. Through monthly trainings and short, on-demand video tutorials, find answers to your questions here: SAE Mobilus Spotlight training - Available monthly, hosted live by SAE’s Customer Success team Mobilus Minute – 2-minute videos, available on-demand   Need some troubleshooting help? Access our FAQs by visiting our Help section: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/home Resources to help you navigate the new platform are available here, where you can find links to quick start guides and video tutorials on features like My Library, Announcements, Saved Search, Login and new features. Have feedback that you'd like to share with us? Please submit your feedback to the Mobilus team through the blue Knowledge bot in the bottom right hand corner of the new platform.

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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster ResponseEPR202501711/24/2025
The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the advanced air mobility and drone industry further enable the development of modern, safe, and practical WIG platforms. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Next-gen AI for Aerospace EngineeringEPR20250169/22/2025
Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and mitigation of algorithmic biases. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen VehiclesEPR20250159/22/2025
The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and actionable solutions to help stakeholders better navigate the transition toward a circular future for mobility. It further highlights the overlooked complexities in the Global South, emphasizing the importance of ethical market expansion and localized mobility strategies. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation FeaturesEPR20250138/13/2025
Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and suggestions for future research will also be discussed. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural RobotsEPR20250128/13/2025
The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable track, as well as the economics of moving capital intensive automation systems toward a service-provision business model. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous VehiclesEPR20250147/18/2025
Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles presents a hybrid framework that combines data-driven insights with the robustness of physical models. It identifies key challenges in fusing these disparate methods and outlines potential solutions in developing robust fusion strategies, establishing generalized mixed dynamics models, and designing multi-objective robust control systems. In addition, the report explores future research directions to enhance learning efficiency, improve adaptability to rare but critical scenarios, and ultimately pave the way for secure, efficient, and human-like autonomous driving systems. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceEPR20250115/21/2025
Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even redefined what it means to be a "product." Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated MobilityEPR20250095/20/2025
With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is instrumental in processing such data, and in that context, “edge AI” is a more recent type of implementation. Edge AI involves AI algorithms in edge computing devices, which requires hardware operating close to where data is generated. This report explores the potential of edge AI in CCAM. Different perspectives on edge AI for CCAM are explored and definitions drafted. Primary applications are explored, and an outlook on further advancements in applications is presented. The report includes a discussion on the benefits, risks, and challenges related to the use of edge AI in this domain. Major issues such as privacy and cybersecurity are considered, as are misconceptions. Furthermore, potential learning benefits, using experiences gained in other sectors, are introduced. NOTE: SAE Edge Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic ManagementEPR20250085/20/2025
The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and educational programs in leveraging AI for transportation applications are emphasized in this report. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on EarthEPR20250054/24/2025
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

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Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
Engines
SAE International Journal of Engines
Aerospace
SAE International Journal of Aerospace

Recent Books

Browse All 632
Composite Materials Handbook Volume 5 - Revision BR-4608/27/2026
The fifth volume of this six-volume compendium publishes technical guidance and properties on ceramic matrix composite material systems. The selected guidance on technical topics related to this class of composites includes material selection, processing, characterization, testing, data reduction, design, analysis, quality control, application, case histories, and lessons learned of typical ceramic matrix composite materials. Volume 5, which covers ceramic matrix composites, supersedes MIL-HDBK-17-5 of June 17, 2002. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is an engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite materials that meet specific data requirements as well as guidelines for design, analysis, material selection, manufacturing, quality control, and repair. The primary purpose of the handbook is to standardize engineering methodologies related to testing, data reduction, and reporting of property data for current and emerging composite materials. It is used by engineers worldwide in designing and fabricating products made from composite materials.
July 2026 AMS IndexAMSJULY-20267/22/2026
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IB-994_VOLUME17/1/2026
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IIB-994_VOLUME27/1/2026
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
1D and MultiD Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation Second EditionR-5805/29/2026
The internal combustion (IC) engine remains the most widely used thermal machine in the world and will continue to play a central role in global mobility for decades to come. Even as alternative powertrains expand, optimized IC engines—often integrated within hybrid and electrified architectures—are essential to achieving low fuel consumption, near-zero pollutant emissions, and reduced carbon dioxide output. Advances in combustion strategies, synthetic fuels, turbocharging, and aftertreatment systems are driving this evolution. This fully revised and expanded second edition reflects the rapid progress made in engine modeling and simulation over the past two decades. One-dimensional (1D), three-dimensional (3D), and coupled 1D–3D modeling techniques have become indispensable tools in modern engine design, enabling engineers to evaluate performance, efficiency, and emissions through advanced virtual engine environments. Bringing together contributions from leading international researchers and industry experts, this book presents the most significant and recent developments in IC engine simulation. Topics include 0D, 1D, quasi-3D, and full 3D modeling approaches; turbocharging and aftertreatment systems; co-simulation and real-time applications; hydrogen and two-stroke engines; and advanced thermal modeling techniques. Designed for engineers, researchers, and graduate students, this second edition serves as a comprehensive reference for understanding, comparing, and applying state-of-the-art IC engine modeling methodologies in an evolving mobility landscape. Chapter topics include: • state of the art of 1D thermo-fluid dynamic simulation models • virtual engine development: 1D- and 3D-CFD up to full engine simulation • advanced 0D and quasiD thermodynamic combustion models for SI and CI engines • compressor and turbine (turbocharger, supercharger, or turbocompounding device) as boundary conditions for 1D simulations • 3D-CFD combustion models for SI and CI engines • model order reduction for real-time simulation and control applications • modeling of EGR systems •1D engine model in XiL application-a simulation environment for the entire powertrain development process • coupling of 1D and 3D fluid dynamic models for hybrid simulations • extending the 1D approach to the simulation of 3D components: the quasi-3D approach • 1D simulation models for aftertreatment components• 3D simulation models for after-treatment systems • modeling of IC engine silencers and tailpipe noise: 1D and 3D approaches • hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines • optimization of the gas exchange process in advanced 2-stroke engines • IC engine 0D/1D thermal modeling
Variable Compression Systems for Future Engines and FuelsR-5534/30/2026
Variable Compression Engines: Enabling Net Zero explores variable compression ratio (VCR): one of the most promising—and historically elusive—advancements in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. Long recognized for its thermodynamic benefits, VCR has challenged engineers for decades due to its mechanical complexity. Today, as the global mobility landscape demands ever higher efficiency, lower emissions, and greater fuel flexibility, VCR has emerged as a viable and transformative solution. This book delivers a comprehensive and authoritative examination of VCR technology, quantifying its efficiency and CO2-reduction potential while surveying the wide range of mechanisms conceived, developed, and tested over more than a century of engine innovation. By combining historical insight with modern analysis, the authors reveal the remarkable ingenuity of past and present engine designers—and demonstrate that VCR is not only feasible, but increasingly essential. Positioned squarely within the context of global decarbonization, the book argues for a realistic, inclusive pathway to net-zero emissions—one in which ICEs continue to play a critical role. VCR technology enables higher efficiency across almost all operating conditions, supports advanced combustion strategies, and allows engines to operate effectively on a broad spectrum of low- and zero-carbon fuels, from biofuels to synthetic e-fuels. With VCR now in high-volume production and poised for broader adoption across automotive, heavy-duty, and marine applications, this timely volume is an essential resource for OEMs, suppliers, policymakers, researchers, and students seeking practical, scalable solutions for a sustainable energy future. Chapter topics include: • compression ratios and fuels • compression ratio limits • cylinder head VCR • cylinder block VCR • connecting rod variable compression • piston VCR • cranktrain and linkages VCR • modulated crankshaft eccentricity VCR • axial or barrel engine VCRs • high power and downsized engines • impact of VCR systems on engines • VCR applications for the future • variable compression for future engines and fuels • VCR cost–benefit analysis
Aerospace Standards Index - 2026ASIN20262/25/2026
This valuable resource lists all Aerospace Standards (AS), Aerospace Recommended Practices (ARP), Aerospace Information Reports (AIR), and Aerospace Resource Documents (ARD) published by SAE. Each listing includes title, subject, document number, key words, new and revised documents, and DODISS-adopted documents. AMS Index - Now Available!
Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4R-5522/17/2026
In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book include: • Holistic reliability across design, manufacturing, supply chain, and marketing. • Advanced experimental designs, including split-plot and fractional factorial methods. • Fault tree analysis (FTA) and FMEA for failure prediction and prevention. • Supply chain optimization through multivariate process control. • Production and field reliability using design for testability and diagnostics. • Electric vehicle system and battery reliability analysis. • Marketing reliability driven by voice of customer and data-based value analysis. This book is an essential resource for engineers, operations leaders, and technical managers who want to build resilient systems, unlock innovation, and achieve long-term competitive advantage through disciplined, data-driven reliability.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation FuelsR-5471/22/2026
As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental performance and emissions reduction potential; safety, certification, and market integration; and future projections supported by international initiatives and regulatory frameworks. By combining technical depth with practical relevance, Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels serves as both a foundational reference and a forward-looking guide for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and students. It underscores that achieving sustainability in aviation depends not only on innovation but also on global collaboration, paving the way toward cleaner skies and a resilient, low-carbon future for air travel.
SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected VehiclesR-5591/20/2026
The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest global standards, research, and innovations, this dictionary bridges the gap between theory and application. It fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, supports safer system design, and provides clarity for those engaged in regulatory development or technology deployment. As the pace of mobility innovation accelerates, precise and accessible communication becomes indispensable. SAE International remains committed to advancing global transportation knowledge—empowering professionals to navigate, contribute to, and shape the future of intelligent, connected, and sustainable mobility with confidence and clarity.

Recently Published

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Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Para-Aramid Reinforced, 3000/4000 psi, 275 °F, Standard Duty, Hydraulic, Aircraft SystemsAS1975H (Current)11/3/2026
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, para-aramid fiber reinforced, hose assembly suitable for use up to 4000 psi, and up to 275 °F, aircraft and missile hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, TERMINAL JUNCTION BLOCKS, SECTIONAL, BUSSING MODULES, FEEDBACK TYPE, SIZE 22, SERIES IAS81714/1D (Current)11/3/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Acceptance Test Procedures and Standards to Ensure Clean Fuel System ComponentsARP1953C (Current)11/3/2026
To describe general guidelines for achieving selected levels of cleanliness in gas turbine engine fuel system components and to describe laboratory methods for measuring and reporting the contamination level of the wetted portion of fuel system components. As in SAE J1227 (covering hydraulic components), this practice includes guidelines for levels of acceptance but does not attempt to set those levels.
AE-5A Aerospace Fuel and Lubrication Systems Committee
Packaging and Marking of Packages of Welding Wire, Premium QualityAMS2814H (Current)11/3/2026
This specification covers spooling and packaging of bare welding wire to ensure cleanliness and freedom from corrosion, spool sizes and weights of spooled wire, and package weights of cut lengths.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Investment Castings, 15Cr - 4.6Ni - 0.22Cb (Nb) - 2.8Cu (15-5 PH®), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1000), 150 ksi (1034 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5347D (Current)11/3/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of investment castings, solution and precipitation heat treated to 150 ksi (1034 MPa) tensile strength.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
BEARING, BALL, AIRFRAME, ANTI-FRICTION, SELF-ALIGNING, LIGHT AND HEAVY DUTY, CORROSION RESISTANT NITROGEN STEEL (CREN)AS27645/1B (Current)11/3/2026
ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.75Mn - 0.78Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.35Mo - 0.20V (0.33 - 0.38C) (4335 Mod), Premium Aircraft Quality, Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted, AnnealedAMS6435J (Current)11/3/2026
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
BEARING, BALL, AIRFRAME ANTI-FRICTION, PULLEY CORROSION RESISTANT NITROGEN STEEL (CREN)AS21443/1A (Current)11/3/2026
ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee
Electrostatic Spray Application of AMS3143 Powder Coating MaterialsAS8485A (Current)11/3/2026
This standard provides the recommended requirements for electrostatic spray application of AMS3143 powder coatings to aerospace components. Adherence to these requirements will facilitate satisfactory performance of the applied powder coating.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Hose Assemblies, Convoluted Polytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, High Temperature, Medium Pressure, AircraftAS620H (Current)11/3/2026
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for a convoluted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assembly suitable for use in aircraft fluid systems at temperatures of -65 to 400 °F and at operating pressures per Table 1.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Shot PeeningAMS2430V (Current)11/2/2026
This specification covers the requirements for shot peening of surfaces of parts by impingement of media, including metallic, glass, or ceramic shot.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
HER-DETR: Lightweight UAV Object Detection Based on High-Frequency Enhancement and Multi-Scale Sparse Fusion2026-99-233610/30/2026
The rapid growth of the low-altitude economy has accelerated the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology in a wide range of applications, including power infrastructure inspection and disaster relief operations. These scenarios impose stringent real-time processing demands on onboard vision systems. However, aerial images are characterized by a high density of small and distant targets, which significantly weakens feature representation quality, and current state-of-the-art detection models carry substantial computational overhead that conflicts with the limited hardware resources available on embedded UAV platforms. This paper addresses both challenges simultaneously by proposing a novel lightweight, end-to-end detection framework designated the High-frequency Enhancement Retentive Detection Transformer (HER-DETR). The framework introduces three coordinated technical contributions. First, a lightweight backbone network termed the Cross Stage Partial High-frequency Enhancement Network is constructed. This backbone integrates a cross-stage high-frequency residual enhancement mechanism to alleviate feature attenuation commonly observed in small-target scenarios. Second, a Depthwise Intrascale High-Low Feature Interaction block is designed for intra-scale feature interaction at the highest semantic level, strengthening fine-grained representation through a dual-frequency decoupling strategy. Third, a Retention Feature Fusion module is developed as the core cross-layer feature fusion component, enabling bidirectional multi-scale feature integration via a lightweight sparse attention mechanism. Comprehensive experiments on the VisDrone2019 and HIT-UAV benchmark datasets confirm that HER-DETR achieves state-of-the-art performance. Compared with the RT-DETR-r18 baseline, the proposed framework improves mean average precision at a 0.50 intersection-over-union threshold by 2.0 percentage points on VisDrone2019 and by 1.6 percentage points on HIT-UAV, while simultaneously reducing model parameter count and computational floating-point operations by 41.6% and 35.3%, respectively. These results validate the framework’s capability to balance detection accuracy and computational efficiency for real-time UAV deployment.
Jiao, Minghai, Liang, Yinghan, Zhang, Ende, Kan, Shuang
Prediction of Aero-Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature Using iTransformer2026-99-233510/30/2026
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is one of the key parameters for evaluating the thermal state of an aero-engine during flight operations. Precise EGT predictions are important in both managing engine health and optimizing performance. However, the nonlinear interactions among multiple operating parameters pose challenges for conventional prediction methods. An approach to EGT prediction presented in this paper is based on the iTransformer architecture. Unlike conventional time-series models that process temporal observations as tokens, this algorithm works with every single variable like a unique token and encodes the entire historical sequence of each variable. This design enables the model to capture inter-variable dependencies directly, thus increasing its power to capture multivariate time series. Two different datasets were used to validate the proposed approach and compared to various commonly used prediction models. The results indicate that iTransformer gives smaller prediction errors when the same conditions are met with MAE values of 0.5525°R and 0.4539K both on the two datasets. Despite the overall satisfactory performance, some prediction mismatches can be observed under extreme fast changing conditions of the engine operation. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively characterize the complex interactions among engine variables and has potential for practical EGT prediction applications.
Hao, Mengfu, He, Yongbo, Li, Yifan
Geosynchronous Orbit Satellite Maneuver Detection Method Based on Dual-Model Parallel GLRT2026-99-236710/30/2026
Ground-based radar can obtain high-precision radial velocity measurements through coherent integration Doppler processing, providing an important data source for geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite maneuver detection. An orbital maneuver causes a persistent mean shift in radial velocity residuals, whereas attitude motion or tumbling due to malfunction induces velocity scintillation, which manifests as a sudden variance amplification. Since both anomalies cause velocity residuals to deviate significantly from normal levels, a single detection model can easily misclassify one as the other. To address this problem, a maneuver detection method is proposed that combines precise orbit determination with a dual-model parallel Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). A high-accuracy initial state is first obtained through the Gibbs method and weighted least squares. Two detection models are then constructed based on distinct residual characteristics: mean shift for maneuver detection and variance amplification for scintillation detection. An ε-contaminated Gaussian mixture GLRT detector is introduced to suppress the influence of outliers. Combined with Monte Carlo threshold calibration and a maneuver-priority competitive decision strategy, the method effectively distinguishes between the two anomaly types. Simulation results demonstrate that under strict false alarm constraints, the detection probability for both maneuvers and velocity scintillation exceeds 0.9, effectively eliminating mutual misclassification. The method achieves stable detection of weak maneuvers lasting tens of seconds with radial velocity increments of approximately 0.03 m/s, demonstrating strong engineering application potential.
Chen, Xiaoyi, Tang, Fujie, Zhang, Xianbo, Cong, Yang, Gao, Kaili, Chen, Defeng
Investigation on Dynamic Expansion Response and Structural Safety Assessment of Typical Polygonal Fabric Gasbags2026-99-233710/30/2026
The geometric structure of a gas bag has a profound effect on its effectiveness in transferring energy and reliability of its structure when rapidly expanding. Even though there have been considerable improvements in high-performance composite materials such as Kevlar, the transient dynamic reaction and possible rupture mechanisms associated with particular polygon shapes have been greatly unexplored. In this paper, we focus on conventional polygonal gas bags, and perform extensive inflation tests using high-accuracy transient data recorders to monitor the development of the dynamic pressure. In order to overcome the limitations of physical testing, a highly non-linear dynamic finite element model - based upon the application of the *MAT_FABRIC material model in LS-DYNA - is used. This technique allows the systematic examination of how changes in geometric parameters affect the performance of payload dispersion and membrane stress distribution. The results indicate unique ways of deploying depending on their geometry. The circular gas bags are capable of obtaining a velocity of the payload of 4.23 m/s but have high stress concentrations of up to 426 MPa due to the lack of geometric boundaries which make them prone to tearing failure. Rectangular gas bags with very large aspect ratios will experience a tubular expansion deformation that causes energy transfer efficiency to plummet; the release speed of these types of gas bags falls below 2.77 m/s. Ultimately, the optimal structural design is a regular hexagonal shape that optimally balances work performance and structural safety. It can keep good levels of energy transfer efficiency with a final release velocity of 4.12 m/s. Moreover, it successfully stops the continuous hoop tension and reduces the peak stress by around 46 percent through straight edge boundary constraints. This complete research offers an adequate scientific foundation to the anti-burst design of sophisticated polygonal gas bags.
Wang, Jinwei, Shi, Lv, Hou, Jingjing, Li, Yilong, Li, Dailin, Liu, Zhiyi
Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Aviation Kerosene in a Rectangular Wavy Microchannel2026-99-234710/30/2026
In a conventional turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engine, the hot-end components and combustor wall surfaces bear extreme high- temperature thermal loads. To address this issue, researchers have been consistently exploring optimized cooling and heat transfer schemes. Relevant studies have shown that using aviation fuel as a heat sink can achieve effective thermal protection for such aero- engines. This paper carries out a numerical study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 aviation kerosene in a rectangular wavy microchannel, with a focus on the impacts of the wavelength-to-height ratio on heat transfer performance. The results show that the geometric structure of the wavy microchannel induces intense flow disturbances, which strengthen the internal energy exchange of the fluid and produce both longitudinal and transverse vortices. These vortices break and compress the thermal boundary layer, thus significantly enhancing the intensity of heat transfer. At the same time, the overall heat transfer performance is improved remarkably with relatively low resistance coefficients. Such excellent heat transfer characteristics can effectively mitigate thermal damage to high-temperature components, which is conducive to a notable improvement in their service life and operational safety.
Kou, Zhihai, Li, Xiangqiao, Wang, Xingbo
Process and Performance Optimization Design of Metal-3D Braided Composite Joint Structures2026-99-234910/30/2026
The sleeve is the key assembly part of the high-speed internal electric spindle support of the high-precision CNC internal and external grinder, and its machining accuracy directly affects the running state of the spindle. The purpose of this study is to adjust the structural process to improve its bearing capacity in all directions. Combined with the refined mechanical simulation of 3D braided composites, the influence mechanism of joint thickness and surface pretreatment on the connection performance is studied from the aspects of stress distribution characteristics and damage failure mechanism. The overall performance analysis and design of the metal-composite sleeve are carried out. Experiments show that the thickness of the joint has a great influence on its bearing performance, and the effectiveness of the proposed pretreatment process is verified, which provides a reliable technical path for the realization of high-performance metal-3D braided composite connection structure.
Wang, Zijun, Chi, Xinfu, Li, Chengen, Li, Dinghua
Study on the High-Temperature Creep Behavior of Ti-1100 Alloy2026-99-234410/30/2026
This study investigates the creep response of the high-temperature titanium alloy Ti-1100 over a temperature range of 550-700 °C under applied stresses varying from 150 to 450 MPa. Under different combinations of stress and temperature, the creep rate, stress exponent, and activation energy for creep were determined using the Arrhenius relationship, while the corresponding creep characteristics and microstructural changes were examined through optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings indicate that an alloy is highly sensitive to temperatures and stresses when subjected to long-term creep. At the temperature of 550-700 °C, the Ti-1100 alloy has relatively high creep activation energy when subjected to an applied stress of 300 MPa. For the Ti-1100 alloy, the stress exponent was determined to be 5.33 within the stress interval of 150-450 MPa at 600 °C. When considered alongside the observed microstructural characteristics, this result indicates that dislocation climb serves as the primary mechanism controlling creep during prolonged exposure. Within the investigated temperature and stress window, creep deformation in Ti-1100 gives rise to localized regions with elevated residual stress, and this tendency becomes more pronounced as both temperature and applied stress increase. These areas are likely to grow and evolve into microcracks, thus contributing to the microstructural instability of the alloy.
Yongquan, Yang, Lihui, Yang, Feng, Du, Baohui, Zhu, Xiaochen, Hu, Lihua, Shen, Jianfeng, Li, Shaofu, Kang
Self-Regulation of Force in the Space Truss-Type Deployable Structure Based on Magnetic-Electric Material2026-99-234110/30/2026
Under on-orbit disturbances, large space truss-type deployable structures readily undergo vibration. Such vibration may degrade pointing accuracy and positioning precision. As a countermeasure, an internal-force self-regulation method is proposed using a magnetoelectric self-sensing actuator. This actuator combines Terfenol-D with piezoelectric material, thereby realizing force output and self-sensing. It can be placed at critical truss joints. By exploiting the ΔE and Villari effects of magnetostrictive materials, a resonant-force self-sensing mechanism is established. The actuator model is then integrated into the deployable truss’s dynamic model, and an LQR-based active vibration suppression strategy is derived. Simulation results show that the actuator detects static and dynamic output forces. Over a specific magnetic field range, sensing behavior exhibits an approximately linear dependence on the output force. Control outcomes confirm effective suppression of structural vibration, reduced response amplitudes at key nodes, and enhanced structural stability. Therefore, a novel method for vibration suppression in large deployable truss-type space structures is provided by these findings.
Xie, Dongjian, Ni, Xiaofeng, Cheng, Lei, Cui, Qifeng, Zhang, Yahui
Adaptive Regulation of Micro Closed-Loop Space Station Ecosystems Using Proximal Policy Optimization2026-99-233810/30/2026
Long-term orbital missions require highly independent life-support systems, maintaining ecological stability under limited external support and subsystem attenuation. Conventional strategies are typically based on fixed threshold rules or deterministic mass-balance models and cannot adapt to disturbances or multi-objective trade-offs between resource safety and environmental load. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning framework for managing micro closed-loop ecological systems under reliability decay and environmental constraints. A reinforcement learning controller based on Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is trained to learn stable regulation policies with random disturbances. A dynamic state model is constructed to describe the coupled and time-sequential elements, ranging from water storage, oxygen concentration, energy reserve, subsystem reliability to ecological load. Degradation propagation is integrated into the transition dynamics through reliability-dependent recycling efficiency. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed policy maintains all resource variables within the safety margins while reducing ecological imbalance compared with traditional strategies. Consequently, the proposed framework provides an expandable control architecture for independent regulation of space station life-support systems.
Zhang, Heyang, Wu, Meixin, Xie, Junze
Research on Trajectory Planning Based on High-Precision Improved C-W Equation2026-99-232910/30/2026
In today’s space environment, the number of tumbling objects such as abandoned satellites, uncontrolled spacecraft, and space debris has increased dramatically. Therefore, in-orbit services such as maintenance, recovery, and capture of rolling targets is an urgent topic that needs to be explored. In this paper, for the mission of spacecraft approaching the tumbling target at close range, the trajectory planning method is studied by using the high-precision relative equation of motion as the orbital dynamic model. Firstly, the error of the relative equation of motion of the center of mass is analyzed, and a method to improve the accuracy of the C-W (Clohessy-Wiltshire) equation is considered to construct a higher-precision orbital dynamics model. The constraints such as attitude dynamics, line-of-sight range, control ability and keep-out zone are mathematically described, and the optimal control problem of pose synchronization is established. On this basis, this paper takes the traditional C-W equation and the improved C-W equation as the relative motion models of the centroids, and, based on the adaptive pseudospectral method and sequential convex optimization, solves the position and attitude synchronization planning problem. This article focuses on analyzing the errors of the C-W equation before and after improvement, as well as the impact of linearization on these errors, studies the accuracy improvement brought by the improved equation and the safe obstacle avoidance of position and attitude trajectories, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. Simulations verify the accuracy and efficiency of this trajectory optimization algorithm and confirm the accuracy improvement of the improved C-W equation. The improved C-W equation has significant application potential in trajectory planning tasks in complex orbital environments with high-precision requirements.
Zhang, Chao, Yao, Zihao, Gou, Jingwen, Zhang, Yumei, Wang, Yuzhi, Li, Shunli
Synergistic Enhancement of Impact Resistance in SiCw-Polymer Composite2026-99-232510/30/2026
Addressing the performance degradation bottleneck of conventional impact-resistant materials under complex operating conditions, and the limitation of existing research focusing primarily on enhancing single properties while neglecting material equilibrium, this study employs silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) as the reinforcing phase. Through surface modification techniques, SiCw/celluloid and SiCw/polyimide dual-polymer composite systems were constructed and systematically investigated. Surface modification of SiCw was achieved using titanate and silane coupling agents. Through mechanical testing and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterisation, the effects of SiCw loading and modification treatments on composite mechanical properties and interfacial bonding were analysed. Results indicate that SiCw introduction significantly enhances the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the polymer matrix, with optimal addition ratios identified: 6% for the celluloid system and 1.0% for the polyimide system. Surface modification further optimises toughening effects by reducing surface oxide layers and impurities on SiCw particles while strengthening interfacial bonding. This study provides practical guidance for the system design of high-performance impact-resistant composites. The resulting materials hold broad application prospects in sectors demanding high structural impact resistance, such as aerospace and transportation.
Xue, Kaiming
Research on Dynamic Response and Impact Resistance of Airport Pavement Made of Gradient Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites2026-99-234610/30/2026
Aiming at the engineering problems of easy cracking and insufficient impact resistance of traditional airport concrete pavement under complex dynamic loads, this paper studies the application of functionally graded carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( FG-CFRP) in airport pavement. Based on the modified Halpin-Tsai model and the first-order shear deformation theory, the dynamic finite element control equation is established. Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics platform, the modal characteristics and transient impact response analysis are carried out, and the dynamic response of the aircraft under moving wheel load is simulated. The static bending test of FG- CFRP plate samples made in the laboratory was carried out, and the numerical model was calibrated. The relative error of test-simulation was controlled within 5 %, which verified the accuracy of predicting static response. The carbon fiber volume fraction gradient curve was parametrically studied to reveal the sensitivity of the gradient to impact and stress reduction. The key engineering factors such as long-term environmental durability and life cycle cost of FG-CFRP pavement are discussed, and targeted improvement and optimization strategies are proposed. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the gradient plate is about 1.93 % lower than that of the homogeneous plate, and the vibration mode characteristics are highly consistent. The peak displacement of transient impact is reduced by 9.4 %. Under the action of moving wheel load, the peak Von Mises stress decreased from 5.32 MPa to 2.15 MPa, with a decrease of 60 %. The gradient design realizes efficient load diffusion and impact hardening through the surface high modulus layer, and the gradual change of interlayer wave impedance promotes the dissipation of stress wave, which significantly improves the safety reserve and dynamic stability of pavement structure. This study verifies the application feasibility of FG-CFRP in high-performance airport pavement engineering, and provides innovative material solutions and theoretical support for the development of a new generation of long-life and high-reliability airport pavement.
Li, Zhenyue
Optimization of Airport Surface Operations for Multiple Flight-Test Aircraft Based on a Wolf Pack Algorithm2026-99-235710/30/2026
To improve the efficiency of airport surface operations involving multiple aircraft types and multiple flight-test aircraft at the same airport, this study investigates the taxi-route optimization problem for flight-test aircraft. First, a runway-exit-time optimization model is established by modeling the landing rollout process, with minimum runway-occupancy time as the objective, so as to determine the optimal rapid-exit taxiway. Second, a multi-aircraft taxi-route optimization model is formulated by incorporating taxi-conflict constraints and is solved using an improved wolf pack algorithm. The case study shows that the proposed method can effectively reduce the total taxi time of multiple flight-test aircraft and shorten the runway-occupancy time of arriving aircraft, thereby demonstrating good feasibility and practical engineering value.
Wang, Tong
Research on an EPHM Methodology Based on Gas Path Performance Parameters2026-99-230510/30/2026
Gas path faults in aero-engines are a major factor affecting flight safety and maintenance costs. To achieve the transition from time-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance and enhance fault prediction and health management capabilities, this paper conducts research on intelligent diagnostic methods based on performance parameters for engine gas path components. Firstly, a component-level nonlinear steady-state model of a dual-spool turbofan engine is established, employing a variable specific heat capacity method to improve computational accuracy and provide a healthy baseline for diagnosis. Secondly, addressing the strong nonlinearity and measurement underdeterminacy in fault diagnosis, a diagnostic framework integrating a multi-population genetic algorithm and multi-operating-point analysis is proposed. The multi-population genetic algorithm effectively enhances global optimization capability and solution stability through parallel evolution, migration operators, and an elite population strategy; multi-operating-point data increases information content and strengthens fault isolation capability. Finally, simulation experiments under ground test conditions are conducted to validate the diagnosis of single-component faults in the low-pressure compressor, high-pressure compressor, high-pressure turbine, and low-pressure turbine. The results show that the proposed method can accurately invert component performance degradation, with a high fault identification accuracy rate, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. This research provides a feasible technical solution for intelligent condition monitoring and precise diagnosis of aero-engines.
Cai, Na, Li, Ming, Li, BianJiang, Yu, GuangHui, Ma, ZhongYuan