Browse Topic: Power and Propulsion

Items (59,723)
Find
Gear misalignment optimization for Electric Drive Unit using Machine learning based Prescriptive Analytics2025-28-0166To be published on 02/07/2025
Gear mesh misalignment in electric drive unit may result in shifts in the load distribution of a gear pair that can increase contact and bending stresses. It may move the peak bending and contact stresses to the edge of the face width, and also increase gear noise. Lower misalignment value is often required to reduce the peak bending and contact stresses and have a balanced load distribution along the gear flank. This paper delineates a method which is also called prescriptive analytics that combines virtual simulations, Machine learning (ML) and optimization techniques to minimize different gear misalignments for electric vehicle drive unit. The gear misalignments are dependent on stiffness of different components in the drive unit. So, a comprehensive approach that incorporates effect of individual components and their interactions is needed. Generally, an assembly level virtual simulation is performed to evaluate gear misalignments. In order to minimize the misalignments, manual
Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Thomas, Benson, Black, Derrick, Jain, Sachin
Technical Paper
Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Zirconia Functionally Graded Beam2025-28-0120To be published on 02/07/2025
This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is comprised of four axially layered sections, where the volume fraction of metal and ceramic varies across the thickness. The buckling analysis is conducted under three different boundary conditions: clamped-clamped, simply-supported-simply-supported, and clamped-simply-supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. The beam configurations are designed based on a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level to determine the most significant layer and its relative
Pawale, Deepak, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Technical Paper
Cutting-Edge Coating Materials for Dual Fuel Diesel Engines Using Acetylene Aspiration2025-28-0134To be published on 02/07/2025
A diesel engine with a Yttria Stabilised Zirconium (YSZ) thermal barrier layer (TBL) on the piston crown was used in an experiment. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the influence of the thermal barrier layer on the efficiency and pollution levels of a diesel engine. The selection of YSZ as the coating material was based on its desirable physical properties including a high coefficient of expansion when exposed to heat, low degree of thermal conductivity, and a high Poisson's number. These characteristics make it a suitable material for use in coatings applied to engine components. In addition to their current research, the scientists are also focusing on identifying sustainable substitutes for conventional petroleum fuels. This is because of the growing concern over environmental impacts and the limited availability of fossil fuel resources. The researchers are seeking new options that are both environmentally friendly and capable of meeting the world's energy demands. By
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree
Technical Paper
A Novel Approach to develop the Exhaust Backpressure Measurement System for Automotive Application2025-28-0168To be published on 02/07/2025
Backpressure is one of key acoustic performance evaluation criteria of exhaust muffler (or Silencer) /EATS (Exhaust after treatment system) as well as for the exhaust system. Exhaust back pressure is an important parameter for fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Typically, the engine manufacturer specifies an upper limit for this. Usually, exhaust back pressure is measured during the driving condition of the vehicle at maximum power condition of the engine either on road or on chassis dynamometer. Both these methods, need a lot of preparatory works, test setup arrangement, 3 or more manpower and special skills. In this research, authors are tried to develop a new backpressure measurement set up for automotive vehicle application, which is simple and innovative, to fulfill the backpressure test requirement. In this design, mainly following devices are used namely Pitot tube, Compressed air, Manometer (or pressure gauge), Thermocouple, Fluke thermometer, along with standalone exhaust layout
Mandal, Goutam, Biswas, Sanjoy
Technical Paper
Effect of Hardening and Tempering Temperatures on the Mechanical Behavior of Alloy Steel2025-28-0027To be published on 02/07/2025
Alloy steel possesses high strength, hardenability, fatigue strength, and good impact toughness. It is widely used for making various machine parts, automobile components, shafts, gears, connecting rods, and more. Hardening and tempering develop the optimum combination of hardness, strength, and toughness in engineering steel, thereby providing components with high mechanical properties. Hardening and tempering temperatures are crucial factors that affect the mechanical and metallurgical properties of 42Cr4Mo steel. In this research work, 42Cr4Mo alloy steel samples were subjected to hardening and tempering processes. The hardening temperatures were set at 830°C, 850°C, and 870°C, while the tempering temperatures were maintained at 590°C and 650°C. The test results show that hardening at 830°C and tempering at 590°C achieve high strength, which decreases as the temperature increases. Different hardening temperatures and constant tempering temperatures will be optimized to achieve the
Murugesan, Venkatasudhahar, Ganesan, Dharmalingam, Tarigonda, Hariprasad
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation and Operating Characteristics of LHR Engine using Pongamia Pinnata and Azadirachta indica Biodiesel Blend with Industrial Waste Additive2025-28-0039To be published on 02/07/2025
The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety have focused the interest on alternative fuels to the diesel engine. This suggested the worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternative fuel. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when running on alternative fuels. Non-edible oil derived from Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed oil blends as an alternative fuel have been considered for this study. Using Copper oxide (5% w/w), the two oils were transesterified for 6 hours at a temperature of 75 °C and a methanol to oil ratio of 20:1. The biodiesel samples that were produced underwent FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the FAME conversion for the biodiesel derived from Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata was 99.19% and 97.93%, respectively. Diesel engine combustion components, viz., the piston crown and liner, were coated with Aluminium titanate thermal
R, Suresh, R, Ashwin, Uppuluri, Kiranbabu, T, MohanRaj
Technical Paper
Impact of Hydrogen Enrichment on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated in Dual Fuel Mode with Karanja Oil Methyl Ester-Tire Pyrolysis Oil Blend2025-28-0109To be published on 02/07/2025
The growing demand for fossil fuels and the search for alternatives have the potential to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. Karanja oil and tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) are identified as promising substitutes. This study examines the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was tested using diesel, the optimal combination of karanja oil biodiesel (KOME) and TPO (50:50% volume ratio), and this KOME-TPO blend with hydrogen supplied in dual fuel mode at flow rates of 10 lpm, 20 lpm, and 30 lpm, designated as H10, H20, and H30, respectively. The results indicated that BTE for H30 was the highest, reaching 32.21% compared to 30.52% for diesel at 5.2 kW BP. BSEC for H30 was the lowest at 11.18 MJ/kWh, compared to 11.80 MJ/kWh for diesel at the same BP. Emission analysis showed that smoke and HC emissions were significantly lower for hydrogen-enriched blends. At 5.2 kW BP, HC emissions for H30
Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Chelladorai, Prabhu, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Marutholi, Mubarak, Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar
Technical Paper
A Comparative Study on fault diagnosis of Electrical vehicle motor testing machine Gear Components Using machine Learning algorithms2025-28-0177To be published on 02/07/2025
Electric vehicles (EVs) are the way of the future for the automobile industry. The drive motor is a vital part of modern EVs. A motor testing machine is used to verify the critical parameters of the electrical motor, which is seen to be of the utmost importance. Electric motor characteristic curve points and their electromagnetic behaviour under different conditions are regularly found using the motor testing machine. But it has been noted that a flaw in the testing machine's helical gear arrangement causes frequent malfunctions and less-than-ideal performance, which impacts the assembly line's effectiveness in producing electric cars. The research project is to enhance the motor test bench apparatus by modifying crucial design parameters using machine learning and vibration signal analysis methods. Vibration signals are recorded at various gear settings before statistical features are extracted. Following that, these signals are classified using classifiers such Quadratic SVM and
S, Ravikumar, Syed, Shaul, V, Muralidharan, D, Pradeep Kumar
Technical Paper
Powering Precision: Ensemble Learning for Superior Battery Health Estimation2025-28-0204To be published on 02/07/2025
In recent years, there has been a notable shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources due to energy challenges and the scarcity of oil resources. This transition has significantly increased the adoption of battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), replacing traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. A crucial element of EVs and HEVs is the Battery Management System (BMS), which is essential for ensuring the battery pack operates safely, reliably, and efficiently. As batteries experience numerous charge and discharge cycles, their performance inevitably degrades, which can lead to failure and potentially catastrophic outcomes if the battery unexpectedly reaches the end of its life. This paper presents an innovative machine learning-based method to estimate battery health and mitigate related risks on real time battery data. The study employs proprietary data collected from Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) chemistry cells under dynamic
Joshi, Umita, Mandhana, Abhishek
Technical Paper
Design and Development of Range Extended-Hybrid Power Train for Two-Wheeler2025-28-0194To be published on 02/07/2025
Environmental awareness is being fostered in every sector, with particular emphasis on the automotive industry. Conventional internal combustion engines responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and health issues. Researchers are looking for alternative technologies to reduce carbon footprint and for green environment. In this study, electric drive train is designed for 20% range extension and retrofitted in conventional two-wheeler. A control strategy has been developed, tested and successfully deployed on the vehicle. The hybrid drivetrain architecture is assessed for complexities such as the required space for the battery and the location for fitting the electric motor. During low-speed conditions, the electric motor reduced the emissions and minimized fuel consumption. Consequently, the overall utilization of internal combustion engines at low-speed condition has decreased, leading to a decrease in the vehicle's fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions
Banad, Chandrashekhar B, Devunuri, Suresh, Nair, Jayashri Narayanan, Hadagali, Balappa, Prasad, Gvl
Technical Paper
Designing Next-Generation Piston Geometry for LPG Powered Spark Ignition Engines: An Integrated CFD and Experimental Approach2025-28-0123To be published on 02/07/2025
The efficiency of combustion has a major impact on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignited LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine. The shape of the combustion chamber determines the homogeneous charge intake velocity, which is crucial for the turbulent motion that encourages flame propagation and quickens combustion. It need the right amount of compression ratio, charge squish velocity and turbulent kinetic energy to sustain combustion and propel laminar flames. There are a number of names for the motion of the charge within the cylinder: swirl, squish, tumble and turbulence. All of these terms affect how air and fuel are mixed and burned. Piston shape affects in-cylinder motion, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and improves combustion characteristics. The shape of the piston quench zone has a substantial impact on the charge velocity inside the combustion chamber. The impact on charge motion was analyzed using computer modeling using STAR-CD on pentroof
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, R L, Krupakaran, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan
Technical Paper
Design and Test methodology development of Retainer plate in Forward and Reverse mechanism of Tractor Transmission2025-28-0079To be published on 02/07/2025
ABSTRACT: In the Automobile tractor- transmission system plays major role to transfer power from Engine to final drive through gear box enabling Forward/reverse(F/R) movements during field operations and transportation conditions. The F/R retainer plate with idler gear, shaft is located between clutch housing and transmission gear box housing. If the retainer housing plate gets failure, then power will not be able to transfer from engine to transmission gear box main drive. In one of the tractor model Retainer plate failures was observed during field testing. To simulate the failure mode from field to lab condition, the resultant forces and angle were calculated based on the gear torque and gear ratio of the drive line assembly. The resultant loads were applied on Idle gear shaft assembly through servo actuator in cyclic mode at FTL lab. The failure was observed in the Retainer plate and location of failure was matching with Field failure. CAE Virtual simulation was carried out for
V, Saravanan, Mani, Suresh, Kumar, Sasi, More, Amit, Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy
Technical Paper
An Integrated Material Science Approach to Evaluate the Viability of Ethoxy Ethane and Rubber Seed (Heavea Brasiliensis) Biodiesel as Sustainable Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines2025-28-0130To be published on 02/07/2025
The primary issues in using pure vegetable oils for internal combustion engines are their high soot output and reduced thermal efficiency. Therefore in the present investigation, a Heavea Brasiliensis biodiesel (HBB) is used as a carbon source of fuel and ethoxy ethane as a combustion accelerator on a compression ignition (CI) engine. In this investigation, an only one cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled DI diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm was utilized. Whereas heavea brasiliensis biodiesel was delivered straightly into the cylinder at almost close to the end of compression stroke and ethoxy ethane was sprayed instantly in the intake manifold in the event of intake stroke. At various loads, the parameter of ethoxy ethane volume rate were optimised. To minimise exhaust emissions, an air plasma spray technology was employed to cover the engine combustion chamber with a thermal barrier coating. Because of its adaptability for high-temperature applications, YSZ (Yttria
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree
Technical Paper
Innovative Design and Validation of Tandem Quadrant Assembly in Tractors2025-28-0009To be published on 02/07/2025
The Tractor is essential in both agriculture and construction, equipped with a variety of implements for different operational conditions. Its hydraulic system is crucial for controlling these implements during fieldwork and transport. The quadrant assembly is a key part of the tractor's hydraulic control system, allowing the operator to manage important functions. This includes hydraulic control and draft control, enabling the farmer or operator to use the PC and DC levers to adjust the movement of implements during various tasks. Tractors are commonly used in fields and farms where the soil can be loose and muddy, particularly during wet puddling operations. In these muddy conditions, tractors can accumulate mud in critical components, such as the quadrant assembly. This can lead to functional issues, increased friction, and problems within the hydraulic system, especially affecting the controls for hydraulics and lever shifting for implement handling. As a result, operators may need
K, Bheshma, Phadtare, Yogesh, Gomes, Maxson, V, Ashok Kumar, Perumal, Solairaj, Magendran, G
Technical Paper
Process Parameter Prediction for Advanced Machining of Copper-Nickel Alloy Turbine Components2025-28-0155To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study focuses on Inconel 718 and suggests creating predictive models to anticipate performance metrics in ECM through regression analysis. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized to deduce the mathematical equations. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the relevance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed prediction technique for Inconel 718 is more adaptable, efficient, and accurate
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Silambarasan, R, Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana
Technical Paper
Novel Test Method for Accelerated Fatigue Testing of Engine Camshaft2025-28-0055To be published on 02/07/2025
In some IC engines, fuel injection pump is driven by camshaft; thus, these camshafts are designed for bending and torsional loads. Conventionally, camshafts are built-to-specification. Typically, durability assessment of camshafts happens at engine level, this calls for proto or calibration engine to be made and available for testing. As there are limited number of engine level proto testing, the overall scatter in camshafts due to manufacturing/process variations is not possible to be covered. This poses a risk of camshaft failures in the final stages of product development. To mitigate this risk, a component level standard test method is needed for quickly validating design and manufacturing process of camshafts for second source suppliers. The current paper discusses the process followed for arriving at a standard test setup and the challenges in terms of capturing the appropriate physics. Camshaft rear end experiences bending load due to FIP operation, and this bending load is
Chakraborty, Abhirup, S, Aravamuthan, K, Karthikeyan
Technical Paper
Investigation on the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Battery Thermal Management System of Electric Vehicles2025-28-0178To be published on 02/07/2025
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a clean, sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engines representing a paradigm shift in the transportation sector. Electric vehicles (EVs) have significantly improved in performance in battery technology. With the rapid proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs), effective Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the battery packs. This study aims to investigating the effect of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in a hybrid cooling of liquid cold plate with battery pack. With the rapid proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs), effective Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the battery packs. This study aims to investigating the effect of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in a hybrid cooling of a liquid cold plate with the battery pack. In models of battery cell arrangement of 5x13 arrays of aligned modules with the PCM and
S, Palanisamy, Selvan, Arul Mozhi
Technical Paper
Enhanced Aero Engine Components Manufacturing Through Predictive Models for Cupronickel Machining2025-28-0137To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design changes, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly intricate. The primary objective of this work is to concentrate on Inconel 718 and suggest the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for the purpose of predictive modeling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the target of maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and simultaneously achieving precise geometric tolerances. The relevance of process parameters affecting these performance metrics is assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANFIS model suggested for Inconel 718 provides more flexibility, efficiency
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Kiruthika, Jothi, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
NVH Optimization of Mounts for Reduction of Structure borne motor and road noise in Electric vehicle2025-28-0072To be published on 02/07/2025
Due to stringent emission norms, all OEMs are shifting focus from Internal combustion engine(ICE) to Electric vehicle (EV). NVH refinement of EVs are challenging due to less background noise in EVs in comparison with ICE vehicle. Motor whine noise is perceived in cabin when driven at the speed of 20 kmph. Vehicle is powered by electric powertrain(EPT). Electric powertrain is connected to the subframe with the help of three powertrain mount. Subframe is connected to the body with the help of four mounts. With the help of Transfer Path Analysis (TPA), it is identified that the noise is structure borne and the dominant path is identified. By optimizing the dynamic stiffness of the EPT mount and subframe mount, the structure borne noise levels are reduced. But reducing the dynamic stiffness of EPT mount and subframe mount deteriorated the road noise levels. The reason behind deterioration of road noise is investigated. The performance of double isolation of EPT is compared with single
S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi Venkateswara, Raghavendran, Prasath, Selvam, Ebinezer
Technical Paper
Analysis and Refinement of Road Boom Noise in Electric Vehicles2025-28-0057To be published on 02/07/2025
Nowadays, customers are expecting higher level of refinement in electric vehicle. Since the background noise is less in electric vehicle in comparison with ICE, it is challenging for NVH engineers to address even minor noise concerns without cost and mass addition. Higher boom noise is perceived in the test vehicle when driven on the coarse road at the speed of 50 kmph. The test vehicle is rear wheel driven vehicle powered by electric motor.. Multi reference Transfer Path Analysis(TPA) is conducted on the vehicle to identify the path through which maximum forces are entering the body. Based on the findings from TPA, solutions like reduction in the dynamic stiffness of the suspension bushes are explored which resulted in reduction of noise. To reduce the noise further, Operational deflection shape (ODS) analysis is conducted on the entire vehicle to identify the deflection shapes of all the suspension components and all the body panels like floor, roof, tailgate, dash panel, quarter
S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi Venkateswara, Raghavendran, Prasath, Selvam, Ebinezer
Technical Paper
Design and Development of Wave Spring to Eliminate the Synchronizer Ring Rattle In An Automotive Gearbox2025-28-0100To be published on 02/07/2025
Automotive powertrains are being refined to give good comfort to the occupants. With the refinement of the internal combustion engine, the NVH is improved, and other vehicle noises are surfacing in the vehicle cabin. One such noise is the synchronizer ring rattle noise from the gearbox. The synchronizer rings are assembled freely between the gear and the hub in the gearbox. The manufacturing variations in the gearbox shafts, bearing, and housing bore cause misalignment to the synchronizer ring assembly. This excites the synchronizer rings to rattle. The rattle noise increases when the synchronizer ring is positioned between two different shafts. This rattling reduces the life of the synchronizer. And the rattling noise causes discomfort to the occupants. This research work discusses the different dampening strategies for the synchronizer ring rattle. Higher rattle reduction can be achieved with the wave spring between the input and output shaft. However, the wave spring changes the
K, Barathi Raja, Senthil Raja, T, Kumar, Aneesh, R, Manikandan, Ostwal, Amit
Technical Paper
Combustion and Emission Analysis of Pelletized vs. Raw Biomass Fuels2025-28-0035To be published on 02/07/2025
Biomass fuels, such as sawdust and groundnut shells, are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, their high moisture content and loose structure result in low thermal efficiency. To improve performance, pellet forms of these fuels are often used. Naturally available raw and pellet forms of Sawdust, groundnut shell fuels have been utilized in this study. This study evaluates and compares the thermal efficiency of a gasifier cook stove and emissions from the combustion of raw and pellet forms of biomass fuels. It was found that the burning rate and firepower increase significantly with the use of pellet from of fuels. Sawdust pellets exhibited a highest thermal efficiency of 22.41%. The hydrocarbon (HC) levels for groundnut shell pellets were observed to range between 1 and 5 parts per million (ppm), while for sawdust pellets, it was observed to range from 1 to 6 ppm, indicating the preferable usage of pellets as fuel over raw form of biomass fuel
Prasad, Malladi Jogendra, Vangipurapu, Bapi Raju
Technical Paper
Comprehensive Analysis of Different Space Vector PWM Techniques for the Speed Control of Two Level Traction Inverter2025-28-0012To be published on 02/07/2025
The popular methods to generate PWM modulation are triangle comparison method and space vector method. The work evaluates the performance of continuous and discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation techniques based on the switching losses and harmonic distortion. The flexibility in the placement of null vectors and active vectors gives generality in SVPWM techniques. Continuous SVPWM employs the conventional switching sequences which are equally divided the null vectors and active vectors. Discontinuous PWM are derived based on the different combinations of null and active switching vectors. The discontinuous PWM techniques clamps each phase for either 300 or 600 in each half cycle. Majority of the discontinuous SVPWM uses any one of the null vectors and effectively to reduce the average switching loss in a cycle and the total harmonic distortion. The study brings out the optimum SVPWM sequences for the control of PMSM. Influence of the switching sequences on the line current
Nair, Meenu Divakaran, Durai, Saranya
Technical Paper
Design and Development of Tractor Front Hitch Linkage System2025-28-0006To be published on 02/07/2025
Today's agriculture demands increased productivity due to the higher cropping intensities. Agricultural field readiness for cultivation requires various operation in field resulting in delay in cultivation which lower down productivity. Therefore, field operation needs to be more efficient in terms of both input cost and time consumption. One way to achieve this is by performing multiple operations in a single tractor pass, utilizing the increased power available in modern Tractors. In some agricultural operations, implements need to be mounted on the front of the tractor. Therefore, designing a front three-point hitching system for the tractor is essential to meet various farming needs, allowing customers to perform multiple operations simultaneously. The use of a front three-point linkage better utilizes the potential of four-wheel drive, higher horsepower tractors. This paper focus on comprehensive design process for the development and validation of a front hitch system of the
Kumar, Yuvaraj, V, Ashok Kumar, Perumal, Solairaj, Gaba, Rahul, Ramdebhai, Karavadara, Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, M, Kalaiselvan
Technical Paper
Modeling and Simulation of an Electromagnetic Brake-by-Wire System for Formula SAE Vehicles2024-36-016912/20/2024
Electric vehicles represent a shift towards sustainability in the automotive industry, with the Brake-by-Wire (BBW) system as an innovation to enhance safety, and performance. This study proposes an electromagnetic BBW system for Formula SAE vehicles, optimizing an electromagnet with a genetic algorithm as the actuator. Through a selection process from a million individuals, the system was modeled. Integrated with electric motors using CarMaker® software, the optimized electromagnet surpassed the minimum required force of 228.08 N without reaching its nominal current of 12.5 A, achieving a force of 231.1 N for 150 W power, indicating an energy efficiency of 0.706 N/Watt. The system also exhibited a response time of 17.92ms for an 80 bar increase, 1.52 times better than compared systems. Simulation under varying braking intensities demonstrated dynamic behavior, with settling times for slow, moderate, and sharp braking at 193 ms, 62 ms, and 21 ms, respectively. Efficiency during
Salgado, Vinícius Batista Alves, Gomes, Deilton Gonçalves, Andrade Lima, Cláudio
Technical Paper
Combustion Visualization in Commercial Engines Operating with Diesel-Biodiesel Blend2024-36-017212/20/2024
The Brazilian government encourages the use of renewable fuels in diesel engines through resolutions that define the mandatory addition of biodiesel to automotive diesel oil. The use of biodiesel will reach 15% by 2026. Due to this change in the physicochemical characteristics of commercial fuel, there is a need to deepen studies regarding the combustion process and the effects of this change on engine performance and emissions. With technological advancements, one of the viable techniques for this purpose is high-speed imaging to assess combustion within the cylinder. This paper presents the methodology for constructing a system that allows high-speed imaging, using a high-speed camera, of the combustion process of an MWM 229/4 engine. Other studies published in this area typically involve capturing images inside the cylinder once per cycle and advancing the angular position of capture each cycle. This paper proposes a more refined method, where images are acquired every 2.5°CA
Ferreira, Bruno Eustáquio Pires, Moreira, Vinícius Guerra, Borges, Débora Maria de O., Morais Hanriot, Sérgio
Technical Paper
Ethanol as a Decarbonization Solution for the Two-Wheel Segment2024-36-012612/20/2024
The aim of this study is to compare possible approaches that support the goal of achieving a carbon-neutral society in the mobility sector, with a specific focus on the two-wheel segment of the mobility sector. One of the key considerations in the mobility sector is the transition from a fossil fuel-based energy mix to a more renewable one. While there are numerous options available for achieving a carbon-neutral society in the four-wheel scenario, the two-wheel sector presents a different challenge due to a smaller number of available options. This study introduces a new comparison between full electric, gasoline, and ethanol-powered two-wheeled vehicles. It suggests that ethanol is a feasible solution for reducing carbon emissions in the two-wheel sector. The study includes an analysis of CO2 emissions for two-wheel vehicles using a life cycle approach, focusing on the technologies of full electric motorcycles, motorcycles with flex-fuel internal combustion engines running on
Pereira, Thaynara K. E., Lima, Flavio, Uema, Fabio K., Sambuichi, Eduardo M.
Technical Paper
Brake Pedal Sizing and Preliminary Design of Balance Bar in the Brake of a SAE Formula Type Vehicle2024-36-005412/20/2024
The SAE Formula prototypes are developed by students, where in the competition, various aspects of project definitions are evaluated. Among the factors evaluated for scoring is the braking system, in which the present work aims to present the development and design of the braking system of a vehicle, prototype of Formula SAE student competition. As it is a project manufactured mostly by students, where the chassis, suspension system, electrical, transmission and powertrain are developed, it is important to first pass the static and safety tests, where the brakes of the four wheels are tested during deceleration at a certain distance from the track. To enable such approval and also to demonstrate, for the competition judges, the veracity of the system’s sizing, all the parameters and assumptions of the choice of the vehicle’s braking system are presented, thus ensuring their reliability, efficiency and safety. Using drawing and simulation software such as SolidWorks and Excel for
Gomes, Lucas Olenski, Grandinetti, Francisco José, Martins, Marcelo Sampaio, Souza Soares, Alvaro Manoel, Reis de Faria Neto, Antônio, Castro, Thais Santos, Almeida, Luís Fernando
Technical Paper
Effects of Engine Performance Parameters and Vibration Level of the Engine Block Operated with Gasoline and Ethanol Fuel2024-36-000212/20/2024
In recent years, the use of ethanol fuel in internal combustion engines has gained importance due to environmental and commercial factors, since ethanol produces lower emission rates at similar performance parameters compared to gasoline fuel. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of engine performance parameters on the vibration level of the engine block operated with gasoline and ethanol fuel. The experimental tests consisted of operating an Otto cycle engine on a bench dynamometer under full load conditions varying rotation and correlating the vertical, longitudinal and transverse vibration levels of the block engine with the engine performance parameters. The results showed that the engine vibration level was influenced by engine speed, load, type of fuel and performance parameters of the engine. The combustion process is primarily responsible for the highest level of vibration reached when using ethanol as a fuel. Under all operating conditions, the
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
Thermal Energy Balance of an Otto Cycle Engine Fueled with Ethanol and Gasoline2024-36-000312/20/2024
Otto Cycle can operate with both gasoline and ethanol; however, these fuels have different properties that will result in different performance parameters. This work aims to compare the thermal energy balance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and ethanol. The experimental tests were carried out on a dynamometer bench varying engine speed between 1500 and 6000 rpm and at full load condition. The results showed that the engine’s maximum thermal efficiency ranged from 30.51% with gasoline to 31.72% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the cooling system varied from 16.93% with gasoline from 16.12% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the exhaust system ranged from 32.82% with gasoline from 34.64% with ethanol. The percentage of energy wasted due to incomplete fuel combustion varied from 3.50% with gasoline from 10.00% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the lubrication system ranged from 3.95% with gasoline from 3.76
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
Efficient Estimation of Laminar Flame Speed in Dual-Fuel SI Engines: A Simplified Methodology for 1-D Predictive Combustion Simulation2024-36-018412/20/2024
The increasing impacts of the greenhouse effect have driven the need to reduce pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines. Renewable fuels are promising alternatives for emission reduction, and enhancing engine efficiency can further decrease specific emissions. This study explores the development of dual-fuel engines to meet these goals, focusing on dual-fuel combustion in spark-ignition (SI) engines using two different bioethanol and natural gas mixtures. A novel methodology for 1-D predictive combustion simulation in dual-fuel SI engines was developed and implemented in GT-Suite software. The approach involves a straightforward estimation of the laminar flame speed of the fuel mixture and the calibration of turbulent combustion parameters using a genetic optimization algorithm, without the need for complex chemical kinetics models. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can reproduce combustion characteristics, achieving satisfactory outcomes across most tested
Pasa, Giovanni Duarte, Martins, Clarissa, Cota, Filipe, Dornelles, Henrique, Duarte, Thales, Rosalen, Rodrigo, Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco
Technical Paper
Large-Bore HFO Engine Gas Conversion for Power Plants – Part A: Numerical Assessment2024-36-016012/20/2024
In the global scenario marked by the increasing environmental awareness and the necessity on reducing pollutant emission to achieve the decarbonization goals, action plans are being proposed by policy makers to reduce the impact of the climate change, mainly affecting the sectors that most contribute to CO2 emissions such as transportation and power generation. In this sense, by virtue of the National Energy Plan 2050, the Brazilian market will undergo the decommissioning of thermal power plants fueled by diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO) by 2030, compromising about 6.7 GW of power capacity according to the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) database. An alternative to the scrapping of these engine power plants is their conversion to operate with fuels with a lower carbon footprint, such as the natural gas. This work, therefore, aims to numerically assess the conversion feasibility of a HFO large bore four-stroke turbocharged engine to operate with natural gas by means of a
Gonçalves, Vinícius Fernandez, Zabeu, Clayton Barcelos, Antolini, Jácson, Salvador, Roberto, Almeida, Rogério, Valiati, Allan Soares, Filho, Guenther Carlos Krieger
Technical Paper
Design and Manufacture of a Bench for Testing Fuel under High Injection Pressure2024-36-018612/20/2024
A bench was developed with the aim of making it possible to test direct injection fuel system of low-displacement engines (up to 2,000cc) outside of a conventional test bench. It has adjustable supports that make it possible to install various engines of different manufacturers. In addition, the bench has features an electric motor, an external oil pumping system and a programmable ECU. These accessory systems were necessary because the engine for which the bench was initially designed has undergone various adaptations that required external systems such as those mentioned above. The project was designed to provide great ease, agility and low manufacturing costs, so the entire bench chassis was manufactured using just one standardized steel profile that is easily found on the market. Still about manufacturing, the concept of the prototype was also developed around the need for it to be compact and easy to transport so that the tests could be carried out in different environments in an
Zabeu, Clayton Barcelos, Pires, Gustavo Cassares, Jesus, Renato Vieira, Oliveira Polízio, Yuri Alves
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics Direct Injected in Atmospheric Ambient Conditions by a Multi-Hole Injector2024-36-015612/20/2024
The aim of the present work was to characterize macroscopic spray parameters of a multi-hole direct injection injector for spark ignition engine applications. The geometry, the position of spray boundaries the overall cone angle, the spray vertical penetration and the vertical spray length were evaluated by processing the spray images recorded at 3300 frames per second. The frequency of recording images was suitable for capturing all the spray developments in all tested conditions. The tested fluid was EXXSOL D60 for simulating ethanol spray characteristics due to its similar properties and due to security reasons. The injector was tested outside the engine and into an open acrylic chamber being injected into atmospheric air conditions of the laboratory. The injection pressure was set up in 100 bar and the simulated engine speed were set up in MOTEC ECU in 3000 rpm, 3600 rpm and 4000 rpm. The injection durations were set up in 3,0 ms for 3000 rpm and 2.3 ms for 3600 rpm and 4000 rpm
Guzzo, Márcio Expedito, Fonseca, Lucas Guimarães, Duarte, Thales Henrique Ramos, Baeta, José Guilherme Coelho, Huebner, Rudolf, Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco
Technical Paper
Performance and Emissions Analysis Using Ducted Fuel Injection in Compression Ignition Engine with Load Variation2024-36-015412/20/2024
Despite the increasing electrification of current vehicles, Diesel engines will continue to be used for several decades to come. There is still a need to introduce emission control technologies, especially those that show good potential and do not require extensive engine modifications. The increasing focus on reducing pollutant emissions and improving energy efficiency has prompted engine manufacturers to continuously strive for technological progress. The aim is to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and the fulfillment of social expectations. Specifically, new Diesel engine projects face the challenge of minimizing both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions, which requires significant investiment in research to develop innovative combustion methods and exhaust gas treatment. One of these innovative methods is Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI), which aims to reduce emissions by improving spray development to obtain a better mixture at flame upstream. This study presents an
Dias, Fábio Jairo, dos Santos, Leila Ribeiro, Rufino, Caio, Garcia, Ezio Castejon, Lomonaco, Raphael, Argachoy, Celso, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira
Technical Paper
Techno-Economic Analysis of the Implementation of a Dual-Fuel ENGINE for Agricultural Applications2024-36-004412/20/2024
The growing demand for decarbonization and reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines used in the agricultural sector is mainly responsible for the utilization of alternative or low-carbon fuels. In this context, in situ biogas production and Dual-fuel technology bring an important opportunity for farmers to use gas with diesel or biodiesel in the agricultural machinery, reducing production costs and carbon emissions. To this end, this work evaluates efficiency, emissions, and economic performance in an internal combustion engine equipped with a Dual-fuel injection for diesel and methane. The tests were carried out on a four-cylinder turbocharged Agrale tractor, model BX6110, with modifications for run on diesel-NGV blends under operating conditions with engine speed from 1500 to 2150 rpm, fuel injection times of 80 to 200, at full load. The results showed that the diesel flow was constant during the tests, therefore, power increases depending on the NGV injected. Maximum
Rincon, Alvaro Ferney Algarra, Alvarez, Carlos Eduardo Castilla, Filho, Aldir Carpes Marques, Oliveira Faria, Rafael, Volpato, Carlos Eduardo Silva, Oliveira Notório Ribeiro, Jéssica
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of the Potential of Hydrogen as an Alternative to Brazilian Commercial Diesel Fuel in Current Heavy-Duty Fleet2024-36-006912/20/2024
Mobility in Brazil, dominated by road transportation, is responsible for consuming around a third of the energy matrix and for emitting approximately half of the energy-related emissions in the country. Among the alternatives to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, the use of low-carbon hydrogen has a strong potential for decarbonization and improvement of engine efficiency. Thus, this study experimentally investigated the partial replacement of commercial diesel (with 12% of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel) by hydrogen in a commercial vehicle equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine. To investigate the effects of this substitution on performance and emission profile, the vehicles was adapted for dual-fuel operation and hydrogen was injected together with air into the MB OM 924 LA engine of a Mercedes-Benz Accelo 1016 vehicle. Tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer with 0%, 2% and 4% slope and at speeds equal to 50, 60 and 70 km/h to simulate
Assis, Guilherme, Sánchez, Fernando Zegarra, Braga, Sergio Leal, Pradelle, Renata Nohra Chaar, Souza Junior, Jorge, Pradelle, Florian, Ticona, Epifanio Mamani
Technical Paper
Digital Twin-Enabled Fault Detection for Suspension Systems in Autonomous Mining Haulage Vehicles2024-36-017012/20/2024
Autonomous vehicles for mining operations offer increased productivity, reduced total cost of ownership, decreased maintenance costs, improved reliability, and reduced operator exposure to harsh mining environments. A large flow of data exists between the remote operation and the ore haul vehicle, and part of the data becomes information for the maintenance sector which it monitors the operating conditions of various systems. One of the systems deserving attention is the suspension system, responsible for keeping the vehicle running and within a certain vibration condition to keep the asset operational and productive. Thus, this work aims to develop a digital twin-assisted system to evaluate the harmonic response of the vehicle’s body. Two representations were created based on equations of motion that modeled the oscillatory behavior of a mass-damper system. One of the representations indicates a quarter of the ore transport truck’s hydraulic system in a healthy state, called a virtual
Rosa, Leonardo Olimpio, Branco, César Tadeu Nasser Medeiros
Technical Paper
Automation of a Quarter-Car Suspension Test Bench2024-36-011512/20/2024
This paper aims to describe a quarter-car suspension test bench automation process to be utilized in an academic environment. The project is made up of pneumatic system modeling and control system design. An analysis of the bench’s pneumatic system is carried out. This pneumatic system is composed of a pneumatic actuator and a proportional directional control valve, which are responsible for generating the road profile. It is proposed a model to compensate the non-linearities present in the pneumatic system measurement process and the disturbances caused by the under test suspension system, as well as a control strategy for small displacements of the load through linear control approaches, which provide the necessary flexibility to directly influence the parameters affecting the dynamics of the excitation system platform’s displacement, thereby reducing the complexity of the controller design to be adopted. Furthermore, analyses are conducted on the effectiveness of the control in
Siqueira, Matheus Amaral, Gomes, Pedro Carvalho, Teixeira, Evandro Leonardo Silva, Fortaleza, Eugênio Libório Feitosa, Morais, Marcus Vinicius Girão
Technical Paper
Engine Speed Control for the Urban Hybrid-Flex Vehicle2024-36-011812/20/2024
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) combine combustion and electric propulsion means to achieve key objectives, such as: reducing fuel consumption, minimizing pollutant emissions, and enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the Powertrain System. The series hybrid electric vehicles, in special, have a topology compound by four Subsystems, which are: Traction, Storage, Energy Generation, and Energy Management. The Energy Generation Subsystem is responsible for the power supply of the electric traction motors and batteries, depending on the control strategy promoted by the Energy Management Subsystem. The Energy Generation Subsystem is essentially made by an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and a Generator. Effective control of the power output from the Energy Generation Subsystem necessitates precise regulation of the engine speed. Thus, it is necessary to control the engine speed because this is directly related to the power demand of the consumers of other subsystem components. This
Júnior, João Marcos Hilário Barcelos, de Sousa Oliveira, Alessandro Borges, Teixeira, Evandro Leonardo Silva, Pereira, Bruno Luiz, Pinheiro, Leandro Soares, dos Santos Ribeiro, Eduardo, dos Santos de Oliveira, Jordano
Technical Paper
Low-Cost Improvements of an Old Flow Bench and a Discussion of Replacing Orifice Plate by MAF in its Flow Measurement2024-36-007012/20/2024
Recognizing the significant challenges inherent in the analysis of periodic gas flow through reciprocating engines, one can easily appreciate the value of studying the steady flow through cylinder heads, manifolds, and exhaust systems. In these studies, flow benches are the cornerstone of the experimental apparatus needed to validate theoretical results or to perform purely experimental analysis. The Metal-Mechanics Department of IFSC owns a SuperFlow model SF-110 flow bench that has suffered some in house maintenance and received electronic sensors to allow computerized data acquisition. As the essential original sensors in this flow bench were liquid column manometer (for pressure difference across the test subject) and micromanometer (for pressure difference across the orifice plate used to measure the flow), the essential new sensors are electronic differential pressure sensors (installed in parallel with the original ones). In recent decades, however, the use of a mass air flow
Vandresen, Marcelo, Santos, Luciano Amaury
Technical Paper
Experimental Analysis of Mixtures Diesel -Hydrogenated Biodiesel Applied in Dynamometer with Diesel Engine 4T BD-5.02024-36-018012/20/2024
Society in actual engineering must promote sustainable developments in new renewable technologies in the transport sector, with resiliency and low greenhouse gas emissions produced. Pollutant emissions must be reduced to obtain an environmental equilibrium and stabilize part of the world’s climate change. With this, the principal objective of this research is to do different blends of diesel- biodiesel and diesel-hydrogenated biodiesel in proportions of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100% to evaluate the performance of these samples of fuels in the internal combustion engine (ICE) diesel, model BD 5.0, connected to dynamometer XL43, located in the engines laboratory of University UFVJM, in Diamantina MG- Brazil at 1384 MASL, to obtain torque and power in different conditions of rotation. These tests were performed with blends of diesel-biodiesel and biodiesel- diesel with bubbling hydrogen (H2). The obtained data were developed with different comparisons, and results showed a positive influence
Barón Pinilla, José D., Silva, N. S., Melo, R. A. A., Santos, Alexandre S., Nery, M. C., Junqueira, H. H. B.
Technical Paper
Vibration Measurement on Diesel Engine Components under Adverse Conditions in Brazilian Application2024-36-002112/20/2024
The objective of this study is to investigate the root cause of cracks detected in the Turbocharger bracket belonging to the engine Mercedes-Benz OM471 (Power: 390kW, Torque: 2600Nm) from Vehicle Truck Mercedes-Benz Actros 2651LS 6x4 Euro V. The investigation started with the instrumentation of every related component (besides the bracket itself, the charge air pipe, the exhaust pipe and also the crankcase for reference) in order to perform a vibration measurement. The necessary equipment to execute this procedure, included accelerometers, temperature sensors, strain gages and an inductive engine speed sensor. All data had to be acquired directly from real application conditions in vehicle, maximum load of 74 ton in a previously defined mountain road track, due to the impossibility to generate similar results in comparison to the ones detected on road through bench tests (or any other in-door experiment). The bracket position is located on the right side of a diesel combustion engine
Feijó, Igor Sommerfeld, Gonçalves, Carlos Aurélio Bustamante
Technical Paper
Combustion of Hydrated Ethanol and Gasoline RON95 Ultra-High Pressure Direct Injection in Optical Access SI Engine2024-36-015212/20/2024
High and ultra-high pressure direct injection (UHPDI) can enhance efficiency gains with flex-fuel engines operating on ethanol, gasoline, or their mixtures. This application aims to increase the engine’s compression ratio (CR), which uses low CR for gasoline due to the knocking phenomenon. This type of technology, involving injection pressures above 1000 bar, permits late fuel injection during the compression phase, preventing auto-ignition and allowing for higher compression ratios. UHPDI generates a highly turbulent spray with significant momentum, improving air-fuel mix preparation, and combustion, resulting in even greater benefits while minimizing particulate matter emissions. This study aims to develop ultra-high-pressure injection systems using gasoline RON95 and hydrated ethanol in a single-cylinder engine with optical access. Experimental tests will be conducted in an optically accessible spark ignition research engine, employing thermodynamic, optical, and emission results
Malheiro de Oliveira, Enrico R., Mendoza, Alexander Penaranda, Martelli, Andre Luiz, Dias, Fábio J., Weissinger, Frederico F., dos Santos, Leila Ribeiro, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira
Technical Paper
Model Based Emissions and NVH Optimization2024-36-005912/20/2024
Throughout the years, the legislations which drive the vehicle development have experimented constant evolutions. Especially when it comes about pollutant emissions and NVH ( Noise, Vibration & Harshness). However, it is complex to understand which calibration strategy promotes the best balance about lowest levels of emissions, vibrations, and noise if considered the number of inputs to be explored, becoming the searching for the optimum calibration a huge challenge for the development engineering team. This work proposes a methodology development in which complex problems can be solved by model based solutions regarding the best balance finding of emissions reduction and noise attenuation. The methodology is based in machine learning approach which provides a virtual behavior of engine phenomena making possible a wider comprehension of the problem and hence the opportunity to explore enhanced solutions. The study case scenario used to apply the method was a 6.4 liters engine which
Ruiz, Rodrigo Peralta Moraes, Santos, Lucas Resende, Nascif, Gabriel Nobre Alves, Oliveira Ribeiro, Douglas, Pereira, Willyan
Technical Paper
Experimental Determination of the Residual Torque Range in a Plastic Connector of the Fuel Pump Module at End of Life2024-36-012912/20/2024
The study of residual torque is necessary in various fields to ensure the safety and reliability of bolted joints. The present study aims to determine, experimentally, the decrease in torque applied to a nut used in the assembly of two polymeric components (POM - Polyoxymethylene). These components are part of the fuel supply module, responsible for supplying fuel from the tank to the engine. This reduction in torque initially applied is mapped to the end-of-life of the components and is used as an approval criteria in the audit procedures of the Robert Bosch company. The first component features an overmolded metallic screw, injected into POM. The mating part is also injection molded from POM and is assembled onto the first part, secured by tightening a metal nut. Due to the plastic-to-metal interface, it’s expected that there will be a reduction in the initially applied torque required to fasten the pieces together. The study was based on 5 steps: 1 Theoretical study on residual
Spitaletti, Laís Scotelari, da Fonseca, Márcio Ghiraldelli
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Vibration Parameters of an Otto Cycle Engine Operated with Regular Gasoline, Premium Gasoline, Pure Ethanol and Mixture of Ethanol with Regular Gasoline2024-36-000112/20/2024
Otto cycle internal combustion engines have undergone technological developments that can be fueled by various types of fuels in different mixture proportions. To achieve this, a detailed study of the main factors that influence the engine combustion process is necessary. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of varying the ignition advance on the performance parameters and vibration level of the engine operated with regular gasoline, premium gasoline, ethanol and a mixture of ethanol with regular gasoline. The experimental tests consisted of operating an Otto cycle engine on a bench dynamometer under full load conditions, varying rotation and ignition advance by 5, 10 and 20% in relation to the original ignition advance and correlating the levels of pre-ignition, knock, engine vibration levels with engine performance parameters. The results showed that the engine vibration level was influenced by the type of fuel used, engine performance parameters and the presence of
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
Response Surface Methodology-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Biofuel-Powered Engine Response Map Development under the Steady-State Operating Conditions03-17-08-006312/20/2024
The twin challenges of the automotive industry namely petroleum dependence and environmental pollution paved way for the development of an environmentally friendly and feasible substitute for diesel, possessing power characteristics equivalent to those of a diesel engine. Biofuel has potential as a renewable energy source, offering a more sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. However, it does come with some challenges, such as varying quality and combustion properties. To enhance its performance, engines can be fine-tuned by adjusting fuel injection parameters, such as timing, pressure, and duration. Accordingly, this research article focuses on optimizing the fuel injection parameters for a CRDi engine powered by D+LPO (20% lemon peel oil and 80% diesel) biofuel, with the goal of improving both performance and emission characteristics. The experimental design matrix was generated using Design Expert-13 software, employing the I-optimal technique. Utilizing response
Saiteja, Pajarla, Ashok, B.
Journal Article
Controlled Temperature Break-in Proposal for Batteries on Dynamometer Cycles: A Compliance Approach with SAE J1634 Standards2024-36-008912/20/2024
Given the recent increase in exhaust gas emission restrictions, electrification has become the major development focus in the transportation industry. Like combustion vehicles, electrified ones must also undergo homologation tests. According to the Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) homologation standard, SAE J1634, the vehicle must be subjected to a minimum 1600 km break-in cycle. This standard also allows the battery to undergo an equivalent cycle that results in the same level of degradation. Since the recommended break-in cycle duration exceeds the vehicle’s battery autonomy, at least one recharge is necessary to accomplish the break-in normalization. This requirement implies more time allocated to a dynamometer, which represents additional costs to the manufacturer. As in any industry, cost reduction is crucial to enable the development of new technologies in the automotive industry. To contribute to this, a faster battery break-in cycle is proposed. As validated in several literature
Souza, Rafael Barbosa, Junior, Rodrigo Alonso Pires, Rodrigues, Luiz Fernando Alves, Becker, Giovana Stopanovski, Fernandes, Heder, Maia, Thales Alexandre Carvalho, Pontes, Diego Augusto
Technical Paper
A Multibody Dynamics Approach to Assess Auto Pull Behavior of Gear Shift System2024-36-007312/20/2024
Gear shift system in a gearbox is used to shift the power flow from one gear set to another gear set which enables manual transmission to maintain different torque and speed combination. Shift quality is determined by the response of the gear shift lever while changing the gears. Shift force over the entire travel event of engagement and disengagement for multiple gear sets is the key factor influencing gear shift quality. If the shift forces are higher, the effort required for shifting will also increase resulting in uncomfortable shifting. On the other hand, with lower shifting force, sudden jerk, vibration or change in vehicle condition may also cause shifting which is undesirable and may lead to safety issue. One of the important features of shift system is auto pull behavior observed while shifting. While shifting, driver starts displacing the shift lever and after threshold point the transmission itself pulls the shift lever to the end point, reducing driver effort. In the
Sabri, Salah Ahmad, Bhimrao, Sachin Ahirrao, Pinto, João Paulo, Mussulini, Bruno C, Dias, Sebastião Joel
Technical Paper
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 59723