Browse Topic: Power and Propulsion

Items (63,637)
Find
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Coolant Channel Configuration for Liquid-Based Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles2026-28-0042To be published on 02/01/2026
The performance and longevity of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) are critically dependent on effective thermal management. As internal heat generation during charge and discharge cycles can lead to uneven temperature distribution, exceeding optimal operating limits (25 - 40°C) can significantly degrade battery performance and lifespan. This study presents a performance evaluation of a novel liquid-based Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) featuring a dual-directional coolant channel configuration designed to enhance thermal uniformity and heat dissipation. The proposed configuration combines horizontal and vertical coolant passages in an indirect cooling layout to address the limitations of conventional serpentine-type channels. A comprehensive thermal analysis was carried out under realistic loading conditions using three coolant types: water, ethylene glycol-based G48, and graphene-enhanced water nanofluids. These were evaluated for thermal conductivity
Selvan, Arul Mozhi, Periyasamy, Muthukumar, R, Thiruppathi
Effect of EGR and Ethanol additive on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rubber Seed Biodiesel Blends2026-28-0055To be published on 02/01/2026
Alcohol is being considered as an alternative to traditional fuels for compression ignition engines due to their oxygen content and biomass origin. Although alcohol generally has lower cetane numbers, which makes them more favorable for premixed combustion, they also offer potential for lowering emissions in internal combustion engines, particularly when combined with strategies such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). This research focuses on enhancing the performance of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine by introducing ethanol into the intake port during the intake phase. Diesel and rubber seed biodiesel were used as primary fuels and were directly injected into the combustion chamber. The findings indicated that adding ethanol to rubber seed biodiesel, along with 10% EGR, led to improved brake thermal efficiency and a reduction in NOX emissions. The ethanol injection timing and duration were optimized for effective dual-fuel operation. At full engine load, the highest
Saminathan, Sathiskumar, G, Manikandan
Design and Development of Integrated Brake and Bull Cage System for Enhanced Tractor Performance and Sustainability2026-28-0005To be published on 02/01/2026
Conventional tractor transmission systems feature separate Brake and Bull Cage housings, with brakes often being proprietary components and Bull Cage designed by the Original Equipment manufacturer (OE). To optimize design and performance, an innovative integrated system was developed, combining an in-house braking system with a unitized Bull Cage assembly. This robust design reduces part count, eliminates proprietary dependency (except for friction liners), and enhances performance. Virtual simulations performed under RWUP conditions demonstrated enhanced strength and stiffness in the integrated design. In this Integrated Brake & Bull Cage assembly (IBCA) , the braking layout was reconfigured from a 4+1 friction design to a 3+2 configuration which improved balancing, enhancing customer braking experience and increasing contact area by 11%. This adjustment extends friction liner life and boosts mechanical advantage by 7.5%, significantly improving tractor stability and performance
Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy, Dhanale, Swapnil, Perumal, Solairaj, Gomes, Maxson, Redkar, Dinesh, Savant, Kedarnath, V, SARAVANAN
Computational study on dynamic handling performance of a retro-fitted Electric Two wheeler using 125cc powered ICE reference2026-28-0047To be published on 02/01/2026
With the development in motor technology and battery manufacturing technologies, the scope for a budget working EV has been increasing in India. There remains an after-mark potential for conversion of an ICE powered two-wheeler to an EV power train. Such a move reduces the carbon footprint from the vehicle drastically and is still being explored. This study investigates the effect of replacing the ICE with an electric motor in a 125cc motorcycle, with a particular focus on vehicle handling performance using Slalom test. The two wheelers were modelled using calculated mass properties and estimated / calculated moments of inertia using CAD for both ICE and electric powertrains. The electric propulsion system took into consideration the role of a battery pack in the mass and MI calculation. The framework with degrees of freedom is well established in BIKESIMTM simulation environment. A slalom test with automatic gear shift and throttle to maintain speed of the vehicle was set-up to
Sankarasubramanian, Hariharan
Galvanic Corrosion Susceptibility Analysis and Mitigation strategies in Automotive Battery Packs2026-28-0018To be published on 02/01/2026
As electric vehicles continue to revolutionize transportation, ensuring the reliability of their powertrain systems and battery packs has become a critical focus. One key challenge is galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals in contact are exposed to an electrolyte, such as seashore moisture or road salt used in snow or ice zones. This corrosion can weaken structural components, compromise electrical conductivity, and reduce the lifespan of critical systems. Common areas at risk include metallic joints within battery enclosures, busbars, cooling systems, and electrical connectors. Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature fluctuations further amplify the issue, making it a pressing concern for manufacturers. This paper aims to systematically identify critical galvanic joints within electric powertrain systems and battery packs and provide effective strategies to mitigate corrosion risks. Preventative measures include choosing compatible materials with
NARAIN, ADITYA, Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
Optimized Design, Analysis, and Validation of a Tractor Muffler for Enhanced Back-Pressure Control and Cost Efficiency2026-28-0004To be published on 02/01/2026
Internal combustion engines generate intense acoustic pulses during combustion, necessitating the use of exhaust mufflers to suppress noise emissions. With evolving regulations on permissible noise levels and the automotive industry's drive toward lightweight, high-performance vehicles, muffler designs must balance effective sound attenuation, minimal back pressure, and reduced mass. This study presents a comparative analysis of three muffler configurations serpentine, rectangular, and zigzag designed using SolidWorks for a light commercial vehicle (LCV) diesel engine. The models were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess their acoustic and flow performance. Each design incorporated internal baffle arrangements to enhance sound absorption while aiming to minimize back pressure. The serpentine model featured a perforated baffle layout that promoted multiple reflections and dissipated acoustic energy more efficiently. Simulation results indicated that
Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, D, Ashokkumar, R, Krishnamoorthy
Design evolution of novel rear sub frame structure for multilink suspension and electric vehicle platform2026-28-0007To be published on 02/01/2026
As there is a major shift in customer demand for energy efficient transportation electric vehicle development has taken immediate significance worldwide as they provide pollution free, noise free mobility environment. In the current work, the authors evaluate novel Rear sub-frame assembly structure with multilink suspension and further for a born electric vehicle platform with increased rear axle weight contribution due to rear motor and battery weight. The Sub Frame is the important structural component of the chassis system. Hence designers face the challenge of providing a best-in-class optimized Rear sub-Frame in terms of cost and weight within the available vehicular boundary. Rear sub-Frame assembly is designed with unique cross member structure and novel motor mounting arrangement on the side member with the given complex hard points or attachments of the suspension linkages, to meet the electric vehicle packaging requirement. Sub frame is designed with light weight to withstand
Nidasosi, Basavraj Maruti, J, Ramkumar, NAYAK, Bhargav, MANI, ARUN, M, Sudhan
Design and Development of a Hybrid Rocket Propulsion System for Micro-Scale SAM Interceptor Missiles2026-28-0012To be published on 02/01/2026
The increasing prevalence of agile and low-signature aerial threats, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), necessitates the development of advanced and flexible air defense systems. Conventional Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs) at the micro-scale are often limited by short engagement times and an inability to counter saturating threats. This paper presents the conceptual design and analysis of a novel loitering interceptor missile designed to overcome these limitations. The core innovation is the synergistic integration of a throttleable hybrid rocket propulsion system with a mission-adaptive airframe featuring morphing fins. The methodology involves the theoretical design of a HTPB-based hybrid motor capable of operating in both high-thrust boost and low-thrust loiter modes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is employed to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the missile with its fins in both stowed (high-speed) and deployed (loiter) configurations. Preliminary results
E, Rahul
Synthesis, characterization and electro active properties of poly (Meta Toudine-co-Fluro aniline) Ag dispersed nanocomposites: Shielding Composite as surface Coat or Enclose the ECU Housing for preventing signal distortion and ensuring reliable engine performance2026-28-0022To be published on 02/01/2026
A series of electroactive nanocomposites of silver dispersed poly (metatoludine-co-o-fluroaniline) copolymer has been prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The chemical molecular structures are identified by using UV–visible spectra, FTIR, X-ray diffraction instruments, SEM analysis. We propose that these composite materials possess a Electromagnetic Shielding interference coat or enclose the engine control unit (ECU) housing in the form of surface coating or moulded shell in order to prevent signal distortion and ensuring reliable engine performance in automobiles. This composite material possesses lightweight, corrosion-resistant EMI shielding solution for ECU housings. Implementation of these products significantly reduced signal interference from nearby high-power electronics, ensuring stable engine operation. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, lightweight alternative to metallic shielding in vehicular electronics in automobile industries.
Pachanoor, Vijayanand, Kumar, V
CFD Simulation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Pure Spirulina Microalgae Biodiesel in a Single-Cylinder DI Diesel Engine2026-28-0043To be published on 02/01/2026
This study examines the combustion and emission characteristics of pure Spirulina microalgae biodiesel (B100) in a single-cylinder direct-injection (DI) diesel engine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent. A 2D axisymmetric sector model of the engine was developed and simulated with a moving mesh to capture dynamic piston motion throughout the engine cycle. The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was applied to simulate spray atomization and droplet evaporation, while a non-premixed combustion model and RNG k-ε turbulence model were used to resolve in-cylinder combustion dynamics. The thermophysical properties of Spirulina biodiesel were defined from literature data to accurately model fuel injection, vaporisation, and ignition phenomena. The study focused on analysing in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics such as NOx, CO, and soot, and compared the results with those of conventional diesel fuel. Simulation results indicated that Spirulina biodiesel
Kumar, B Varun
Experimental Analysis on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled with Chlorophyta Algae Oil Biodiesel Blends2026-28-0045To be published on 02/01/2026
Chlorophyta algae, also known as green algae, are rich in oils suitable for biodiesel production. They grow quickly using minimal resources and can be cultivated on non-arable land. The extracted oils can be converted into biofuels that improve engine performance and reduce emissions. This makes Chlorophyta algae a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. This study presents an experimental investigation into the performance and emission characteristics of Chlorophyta algae oil biodiesel blends (A20 and A30) compared to conventional diesel (D100) in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The analysis reveals a notable enhancement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), with A20 showing a 2.5% improvement and A30 demonstrating a 1.2% increase, attributed to enhanced combustion kinetics. Furthermore, brake specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreases by 4.1% and 6.8% for A20 and A30, respectively. Emission analysis indicates significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO
M, Selvam, R, Ganapathy Srinivasan, Ka, Harish, Selvamani, Muthukumar, B, Sanjai
Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Polypropylene-Derived Biodiesel Blended with Diethyl Ether2026-28-0019To be published on 02/01/2026
To solve the dual environmental issues of plastic pollution and reliance on fossil fuels, this study investigates the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (PP) plastic into alternative diesel fuel. To improve fuel performance, the refined pyrolytic oil from PP was combined with regular diesel and 5% diethyl ether (DEE). The following three blend ratios were developed and assessed for important fuel characteristics: viscosity, density, flash point, cetane number, and calorific value: B10-DEE5-D85, B20-DEE5-D75, and B30-DEE5-D65. In order to enhance cold-start performance and ignition quality, DEE was used as an oxygenated additive. A four-stroke, single-cylinder diesel engine was used to test these mixes in order to evaluate their emissions and brake thermal efficiency. According to the results, the B10-DEE5-D85 mix had the most balanced performance, reducing CO and CO₂ emissions significantly when compared to pure diesel, especially while operating at full load. However, as the amount of
K S, Karthi Vinith
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION STUDY OF AN AUTOMOBILE RADIATOR WITH NANOFLUIDS2026-28-0020To be published on 02/01/2026
A nanofluid is the suspension of nanoparticles in a base fluid. Nanofluids are promising fluids for heat transfer enhancement due to their anomalously high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity enhancement mechanisms of nanofluids have not been fully understood yet. In the first part of this study, a detailed literature review about the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is performed. Experimental studies are discussed in terms of the effects of some parameters such as particle volume fraction, particle size, and temperature on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Enhancement mechanisms proposed to explain nanofluid thermal conductivity are also summarized. Research about the forced convection of nanofluids is important for the practical application of nanofluids in heat transfer devices. Recent experiments showed that heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids exceeds the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. This extra enhancement might be explained by thermal
R, GOWTHAM
Optimization of Exhaust System Design to meet Backpressure, Durability, Thermal Safety, and Accessibility for EU6 Heavy Duty Trucks.2026-28-0006To be published on 02/01/2026
Any Automotive exhaust system is evaluated based on the following criteria, namely pass-by noise (PBN), exhaust backpressure, durability & reliability (D&R), Thermal Safety, and cost. Exhaust Aftertreatment System/Devices (EATS) has become integral to BS-IV or EU-IV onwards vehicles, which require additional emissions testing. This paper covers an innovative exhaust solution for a 17L, 780 hp engine Eu6 vehicle, having a higher exhaust gas flow rate and severe application (duty cycle), and the same packing space of exhaust upstream pipe. In addition, it was the requirement to take account of field failure issues observed in earlier products (running in the field) and to resolve problems faced during the Beta Proto Build. Authors have optimized the Design using CFD (for backpressure) , Durability analysis (Structural life), IPS simulation (for Accessibility) and Thermal simulation (hot spot analysis). The designed exhaust upstream pipe is an innovative twin-bellow configuration with
Rokade, Aditya, P, Balu Mukesh, Kolavennu, Prajwal, Biswas, Sanjoy
Effect of Gasoline as manifold fuel for Prosopis juliflora biodiesel fuelled CRDI stationary diesel Engine in Dual-Fuel Mode2026-28-0014To be published on 02/01/2026
Utilisation of non-edible biodiesel in the diesel engine has tremendously increased nowadays. This is due to its renewable nature and produces less pollution than conventional diesel, except for NOx emissions. To overcome the drawbacks, some additional fuel is added to take part in the combustion along with the biodiesel in a dual-fuel mode (DFM). In the present work, an investigation was carried out to assess the effect of gasoline as a manifold injection fuel (MIF) under 0, 10, and 20% energy share (ES) on Prosopis juliflora biodiesel (PJBD) fueled diesel engine in the DFM, and compared with single fuel mode (SFM). The diesel B0 (100% Diesel), and PJBD blends B10 (10% PJBD and 90% diesel), and B20 are used as direct injection fuel (DIF) in three fuel combinations. The experiment was carried out in a common rail direct injection, 3.7 kW stationary single-cylinder diesel engine under a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Compared to diesel SFM, the PJBD SFM shows a slightly lower brake thermal
Tamilvanan, A.
Development of Multiple level Auto Mode for Climate control in electric vehicles2026-28-0008To be published on 02/01/2026
Electric vehicles, or EVs, are significantly transforming the automotive industry as a cleaner and more environmentally friendly which finds an alternative solution for the vehicles propelled using internal combustion engines. As EV utilize the energy directly from the battery which causes customer or a user to be in panic state as charging infra is not developed well in most of the countries, thus improving vehicle efficiency and driving range requires optimizing energy consumption from battery of EVs. Apart from traction motor load for driving, major supplemental loads in electric car are climate control system, sometimes referred to as HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning). HVAC systems can consume a lot of battery power, especially during severe temperatures, which can drastically reduce the vehicle's range. Range anxiety continues to be an important barrier to the general adoption of EVs, the intelligent climate management systems which helps to reduce HVAC power usage
Mulamalla, Sarveshwar Reddy, SV, Master Eniyan, M, Nisshok, Anugu, Anil, E A, Muhammed, Guturu, Sravankumar
ALTERNATE CATALYST FOR DOC IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER2026-28-0016To be published on 02/01/2026
Emission norms have become much more stringent to reduce emissions from vehicles. Diesel engines in particular are the predominant contributors to higher emissions. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) in diesel engine catalytic converter systems is the crucial component in reducing harmful emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC). DOCs often rely on expensive noble metals like platinum or palladium and rhodium as catalyst materials,significantly inflating the cost of emission control units. The proposed idea is to explore MnOxCeO₂ (Manganese Oxide-Cerium Oxide) as an alternative catalyst to traditional DOC materials, with the goal of delivering effective oxidation performance while reducing overall system cost. MnOx-CeO₂ catalysts are promising due to their good low-temperature activity, oxygen storage capacity, and redox behaviour, which are beneficial for diesel engines operating under varied conditions. These properties help improve the oxidation of CO and HC
C, Jegadheesan, T, Karthi, Rajendran, Pawan, Muruganantham, Kowshiik, S, Vaitheeshwaran
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF LEMON PEEL OIL BIODIESEL WITH DIETHYL ETHER AND ETHANOL IN A CI ENGINE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS2026-28-0052To be published on 02/01/2026
The rising global energy demand and the adverse environmental impacts of fossil fuel consumption have intensified the search for sustainable alternative fuels. Among the various biodiesel sources, lemon peel oil (LPO) offers promising potential due to its biodegradability, availability from waste resources, and favorable combustion characteristics. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of LPO biodiesel blended with diethyl ether (DEE) and ethanol in a compression ignition (CI) engine. Three blends B5, B10, and B15 were prepared by varying the proportions of LPO, DEE, and ethanol with conventional diesel. The physicochemical properties of the blends were evaluated as per ASTM standards and found to be compatible with CI engine requirements. Experiments were conducted on a variable compression ratio (VCR) CI engine under different load conditions. Results showed that the B10 blend exhibited superior brake thermal efficiency (BTE), achieving an improvement
M, Boopathi, G, Manikandan, Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, A, Tamilselvan, K, Nithyanandhan, S, Karthik, j, Deepan Chakrawarthi, X, Leslie Peter
Enhancing combustion, performance and emission profiles using kapok methyl ester blends with hydrogen2026-28-0058To be published on 02/01/2026
This study investigates the potential of using a dual green alternative fuel combination, the one is hydrogen fuel and another one is biodiesel for enhancing the Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The kapok oil methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 20% (K20) and 40% (K40) by volume. The hydrogen gas was supplied at a constant flow of 4 liter per minute (LPM). The experimental fuels are neat diesel D100, K20 (80% Diesel and 20 % kapok methylester), K40 (60% Diesel + 40 % Kapok methyleter), K20 + H4L (K20 with 4 LPM hydrogen) and K40+H4L (K40 with 4 LPM hydrogen). These blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, combustion, performance and emissions characteristic were evaluated and compared with base fuel. The results indicated that te use of B20 and B40 blends without hydrogen led to reduced brake thermal efficiency due to
Anbarasan, ANBARASAN, M, KUMARESAN
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF HYDROGEN BASED SCR TECHNOLOGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO UREA SCR IN HYDROGEN-FUELLED ENGINES2026-26-0213To be published on 01/16/2026
Air pollution from vehicle exhaust emissions is a growing issue in major cities around the world. Hydrogen is a clean and carbon-free fuel that presents a promising alternative to the fossil fuels. However, despite its environmental advantages, hydrogen internal combustion engines still produce some nitrogen oxides as a by-product due to high combustion temperatures. This study investigates the effectiveness of current exhaust after-treatment technologies designed to reduce NOx emissions in hydrogen-powered engines. A comparative analysis is conducted between the conventional urea-based selective catalytic reduction used in diesel engines and emerging hydrogen-based selective catalytic reduction technologies for hydrogen engines. The analysis is performed using CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent, focusing on NOx reduction efficiency and other operational parameters. The results provide valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of hydrogen SCR in achieving reduced NOx
KASHYAP, KESHAV, Khandagale, Anup, Petale, Mahendra
Early Prediction of CNG Filling Time using Artificial Intelligence for Design Optimization2026-26-0662To be published on 01/16/2026
The CNG fuel system is a critical component in vehicle development and typically includes large-volume gas cylinders (up to 800 liters). As these vehicles often operate over long distances daily, frequent refueling is necessary, making a short gas filling time highly desirable. Currently, CNG filling time is evaluated after prototype development to determine the refueling duration. If the filling time is excessive, design changes to the fuel system are required, leading to significant cost and time penalties and causing delays in the vehicle product development cycle. By integrating AI/ML technology, a mathematical model has been developed based on various influencing parameters. This model will predict CNG gas filling time across all commercial vehicle platforms at the initial Zero design release gateway. This early prediction will enable further optimization to improve gas filling time. The goal of this research work to optimising the filling time for various platform before physical
Choudhary, Aditya Kant, Petale, Mahendra, Dutta, Surabhi, Bagul, Mithilesh
Acoustic Challenges in Electric Vehicles: A Comparative Study of HVAC Noise in EVs and ICE Vehicles2026-26-0353To be published on 01/16/2026
With the transition from ICE vehicles to EV’s, the dominant noise sources within the vehicle cabin have shifted from engine noise to auxiliary systems, especially HVAC systems. In conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE), engine noise tends to mask auxiliary noises. However, in electric vehicles (EVs), the lack of engine noise causes these auxiliary noises, such as those from the HVAC system, to become more prominent and potentially uncomfortable for occupants. The primary objective is to understand how the absence of engine noise in EVs influences the perceived HVAC noises. The research methodology involves static and on-road testing of both electric and ICE vehicle having common platform, conducted under similar testing conditions. The study aims to quantify and compare the acoustic characteristic differences of HVAC noise between ICEs and EVs, primarily focusing on cabin airflow noise, refrigerant flow noise, and AC compressor engagement/disengagement noise
Patra, Subhashree, Joshi, Rishi, Sharma, Rachit, lingampelly, Rajaprasad, Neupane, Manoj
Enhancing Range Prediction Accuracy for the BEV: Bridging the Gap Between Simulation and Real-World Testing2026-26-0521To be published on 01/16/2026
Accurate range estimation in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is essential for optimizing performance, energy efficiency, and customer expectations. This study investigates the discrepancies between physical test data and simulation predictions for the Jeep Wagoneer model. A detailed range delta analysis identifies key contributors to the observed deviations, including regenerative braking inefficiencies, increased propulsion demand, auxiliary loads, and estimated drivetrain losses within the Electric Drive Module (EDM) during traction and regen. Results indicate that the test vehicle exhibits lower regenerative braking efficiency and higher traction and lower regen consumption than predicted by simulations, primarily due to EDM inefficiencies and friction brake usage during regeneration. The study underscores the importance of refining simulation methodologies by integrating real-world, test based EDM loss maps to improve accuracy and better align predictive models with actual vehicle
Ali, Shoaib
NVH Refinement on the Agriculture Tractor using Coupled Test and Simulation Approach2026-26-0316To be published on 01/16/2026
The Indian farmers choice of agriculture tractor brand is driven by the ease of operation and fuel efficiency. However, the customer preference for operator comfort is driving many tractor OEMs for improvement in noise and vibration at the operator location. Also, the compliance to CMVR regulation for noise at operator ear location and vibration at driver touch point location are mandatory for all the tractors in India. NVH refinement development of the tractor plays a critical role in achieving the regulated noise level and improved tactile vibration In presented work, Noise Source Identification (NSI) is carried out to identify and rank airborne and structure borne noise sources at tractor level through elimination method followed by engine level testing in hemi anechoic chamber to identify the major noise radiating components by using noise and vibration measurement, sound intensity mapping tools. The outcome of NSI has revealed silencer, timing gear cover and oil sump to be highest
Gaikwad, Atul Annasaheb, Harishchandra Walke, Nagesh, Yadav, Prasad S, Bankar, Harshal
Efficiency Enhancement of Electric Vehicle Drivetrains through Advanced Gearbox Strategies2026-26-0053To be published on 01/16/2026
In the pursuit of sustainable mobility solutions, optimizing drivetrain efficiency has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing the overall performance, reliability, and market acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs). This study specifically focuses on achieving efficiency improvements within the gearbox system of Electric Vehicles, a major contributor to mechanical losses in the drivetrain. Key technical strategies explored include the adoption of low-viscosity lubricants, utilization of low-friction bearings, incorporation of high-efficiency oil seals, and the application of low-loss gear designs. Collectively, these enhancements aim to reduce mechanical frictional losses, leading to tangible benefits such as increased vehicle driving range, reduced energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and decreased long-term maintenance costs. In addition to component-level improvements, the study investigates the integration of a 2-speed gearbox within electric vehicles as a system-level
Agrawal, Devesh, Bhardwaj, Abhishek, Bhandari, Kiran Kamlakar
Integrating Road Load Data Acquisition and Signal Processing Techniques to Generate Reliable Drive Files for Electrodynamic Shakers in Testing the Exhaust Systems of Off-Highway Applications2026-26-0552To be published on 01/16/2026
Generating a reliable drive file for an electrodynamic (ED) shaker from Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) and validating its correlation with real-world conditions through damage and fatigue analysis is crucial for accurate component testing, particularly in complex systems like off-highway exhaust systems. This paper presents a methodology for creating such a drive file and establishing its validity, highlighting the necessity of ED shakers for simulating the intricate dynamic loads experienced by these systems. The process begins with acquiring comprehensive RLDA under representative operational conditions of the off-highway vehicle. Drive files are generated using this data, which records accelerations at important exhaust system mounting locations. Advanced signal processing techniques are employed to condense the raw RLDA into a format suitable for shaker control. To establish proper correlation, the generated drive file is used to excite the exhaust system on an ED shaker
Khaire, Santosh Ramdas, Khaire, Rushikesh, Yadav, Dnyaneshwar
Optimization of Electric Drive Unit Mounting for Vibration Isolation in EV Powertrains Using Multibody Dynamics2026-26-0080To be published on 01/16/2026
With growing significance of electric vehicles (EVs), their powertrains—while naturally quieter than internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrains—pose new NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) challenges. These are triggered mainly from high-frequency disturbances caused by electric motors and gear interactions. Isolation of such excitations is essential for securing cabin refinement and customer expectations for acoustic comfort. This paper offers a simulation-based approach to optimal placement of the electric drive unit (EDU), which houses the electric motor and gearbox, with the objective of reducing vibration transfer to the chassis of the vehicle. The methodology explores the effect of spatial mount repositioning under actual dynamic load conditions through multibody dynamics (MBD) modeling and integrated optimizer using advanced multibody dynamics simulation software – Virtual Dynamics. The suggested workflow helps in effective investigation of mount positioning within packaging
Shah, Swapnil, Mane, Prashant, Back PhD, Arthur, Emran, Ashraf
Multibody Dynamic Analysis of Belt-Type CVT Systems in Two-Wheelers: A Study on Slip, Misalignment, and Transmission Efficiency2026-26-0079To be published on 01/16/2026
More efficient drivetrain technologies are in greater demand in the two-wheeler market as a result of the introduction of BS6.2 emission standards. In order to satisfy these performance and regulatory requirements, Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) systems—which are renowned for their stepless gear shifting and increased fuel efficiency—are being given more and more consideration. However, because CVT is nonlinear and multibody dynamic, accurately predicting its behavior is still a difficult task. With an emphasis on variables like belt slip, pulley misalignment, and transmission efficiency, this study provides a thorough multibody dynamic analysis of a belt-type CVT system used in two-wheelers. High-fidelity analysis of the belt-pulley interaction under various load and speed conditions is now possible thanks to the development of a novel modeling methodology using advanced multibody dynamics simulation software – Virtual Dynamics. The method makes early design validation
Shah, Swapnil, Mane, Prashant, Voncken PhD, Antonius, Emran, Ashraf
Model Based Design of Gear Shift Control for Twin Clutch AMT2026-26-0054To be published on 01/16/2026
Model Based Design (MBD) uses mathematical modelling to create, test and refine systems in simulated environment, primarily applied in control system development. This paper discusses an approach to control gear shifting using shift logic on vehicle level for twin clutch transmission using prototype controller. Twin clutch transmission is a concept with two clutches, one at input end of the transmission called primary clutch and the other at output end of the transmission called secondary clutch. This concept is proposed to counter the challenges with conventional transmission which include increased gear shift time and effort in lower gears, potential rollback of vehicle in uphill condition and chance of missed shifts. The advantages of this concept include reduced gear shift effort and improved synchronizer life with potential for reducing the size of the synchro pack. This paper proposes a methodology to develop shift logic, integrate hardware with software, flashing and calibration
Patel, Hiral, Thambala, Prashanth, Tongaonkar, Yogesh, Mosthaf, Joerg, Malpure, Khushal
Correlation of Power Rating for Battery Electric Vehicles Simulation vs. Test Validation in Accordance with regulatory compliance2026-26-0575To be published on 01/16/2026
Accurate power and energy assessment in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) requires high-fidelity simulation models that reflect real-world performance. This study presents a power rating correlation of the Stellantis Dodge model in compliance with the GTR 21 standard, validating the simulation’s accuracy against physical test data. Simulations conducted using STLAsim, Stellantis’ proprietary tool, estimate EDM power at the inverter input and axle output under standardized conditions. The operating parameters were shared with the testing team to ensure consistency; however, the initial test results deviated by approximately 18 kW from the simulation target. To address this delta, EDM speed and vehicle speed were optimized, achieving a close alignment with the simulation and meeting the GTR 21 power rating criteria. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the simulation and test data, confirming the model’s accuracy and reliability. This study underscores the effectiveness of
Mahajan, Prasad
Virtual Prototyping: Accelerating Traction Motor Development for Commercial Electric Vehicles2026-26-0152To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the virtual prototyping of traction motor in commercial EV to make an early prediction of the performance parameters of the machine without spending an enormous cost in building a physical structure. A 48/8 slot-pole configuration of IPMSM is used to demonstrate the electromagnetic and thermal co-simulation in ANSYS MotorCad. The key dimensions were calculated on the basis of the permanent-magnet field theory, and the 2D finite element method (FEM) model of the IPM motor using Ansys MotorCad electromagnetic simulation tool. The influence of geometrical parameters on the performances of traction motor are evaluated based on FEM. The temperature distribution of the motor under rated operating condition and the condition of maximum speed were also analyzed. Alongside, the effects of saturation, demagnetization analysis, and the impact of PM flux linkage on inductances are also considered in this paper. At last, the simulation and analytical results of the IPMSM motor
Murty, V. Shirish, Rathod, Sagarkumar, Gandhi, Nikita, Tendulkar, Swati, Kumar, Kundan, Thakar, Dhruv, Sethy, Amanraj
Design of the BIW Structure for Battery Pack Protection in Case of Side Pole Impact2026-26-0025To be published on 01/16/2026
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powered vehicles, but their battery and motor components elevate their Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), posing unique collision risks. Manufacturers strategically mount the high voltage (HV) battery packs under the passenger compartment to lower the Centre of Gravity and shield them from the front impacts. However, side impacts remain a concern, as the battery deformation in such instances could trigger fires or explosions, endangering occupants. To address this, crashworthiness designs adhere to New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) standards, particularly against side pole impact and side mobile barrier impact. Unlike the frontal section of BIW, which typically has larger crush space to absorb the crash energy, extensive design attention is required to the vehicle's side structure to absorb pole impacts without transmitting excessive force to the battery pack. Utilizing aluminium extrusions and sheet
Nivesh, Dharun, NAMANI, Prasad, Ramaraj, Rajasekar
Data analysis -Driven Calibration Enhancement for Alternative Fuel Engine Start2026-26-0123To be published on 01/16/2026
In the pursuit of improving cold-start performance in alternate fuel vehicles, data analysis has become a cornerstone for driving informed calibration decisions. Cold start is very critical for flex fuel vehicles since it has higher latent heat of vaporization and lower vapor pressure compared to gasoline. Ethanol blend fuels deteriorate engine starting at low ambient temp. This case study highlights how pivot table based analytics were effectively employed to enhance engine start strategy during the development of small commercial vehicle running on E20 and E85 fuel blends. The approach showcases how structured data interpretation can significantly support development work in Flex Fuel calibration. The analysis concentrated on various critical engine start events such as first crank success, failure to start, battery voltage behavior, and post-start stability across a range of coolant temperatures, particularly below 20°C. Real-world test data was segmented using data analysis based
Undre, Shrikant, Kulkarni, Deepak, Thonge, Ravindra, Upadhyay, Rajdip, Kanchan, Shubham
Experimental evaluation of Energy and Exergy of Hydrogen, CNG and Gasoline fuelled High-Speed Spark Ignition Engine2026-26-0258To be published on 01/16/2026
HIGHLIGHTS The maximum power is recorded with Gasoline than CNG and Hydrogen fuel. The maximum exergy and energy efficiency is with Hydrogen, followed by CNG and then Gasoline. Hydrogen fuel has a maximum potential to convert into energy. The maximum energy destruction of 48.7kW for gasoline fuel at 3000 rpm and followed by CNG and hydrogen. The maximum entropy generation of 85.5 W/K with Gasoline and 60.72 W/K and 29.39W/K for CNG and hydrogen engine respectively at 10000 rpm. The entropy generation rate increase with engine speed. The highest rate of heat release is from hydrogen fuel, followed by Gasoline and CNG.   ABSTRACT- The analysis was performed on a single Cylinder, Multivalve, Electronic Fuel Injection, high-speed motor fuelled engine with Gasoline, CNG and Hydrogen to assess energetic and exegetic performance. The engine was evaluated from 3000 rpm to 10000 rpm on each of the three fuels. All tests are led at Wide Open Throttle condition.The Gasoline and CNG
shinde, Apurwa Balasaheb, SHINDE, DR BALU, Kadam, Tushar, karunamurthy, K
3D Transient CHT Simulation of Frictional Heating in Jet-Lubricated Automotive Gears2026-26-0468To be published on 01/16/2026
Gears play a critical role in automotive transmission systems. During operation, frictional heat is generated in the intermeshing region due to loading. Effective lubrication and cooling are essential to minimize heat generation and ensure smooth operation. Lubrication failure can lead to a significant local temperature rise, potentially causing gear scuffing—a phenomenon where intermeshed gear teeth weld together and tear apart during rotation—resulting in severe damage and compromised transmission performance. To prevent this, gears are typically lubricated using splash or jet lubrication techniques. This study presents a Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) simulation of a jet-lubricated gear pair in an automotive transmission system to predict the local temperature rise due to frictional heating in the intermeshing region of the gears. The paper focuses on implementation of the frictional heat generation on the gear teeth and resultant transient temperature rise in the gear contact region
Ballani, Abhishek, Vartanian, Aleksandr, Schlautman, Jeff, Raj, Gowtham, Srinivasan, Chiranth, Maiti, Dipak
Establishing a High-Pressure Direct Injection Hydrogen Engine Test Facility with Integrated Ammonia Fuel Capability: Technical Considerations, Safety Framework, and Best Practices2026-26-0267To be published on 01/16/2026
The transition toward zero-carbon propulsion technologies has highlighted the urgent need for specialized test infrastructure to support hydrogen and alternative fuel research. This paper presents the conceptualization, design, and operation of a High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) test facility with integrated ammonia fuel testing capability, marking a significant advancement in India’s sustainable automotive research efforts. Drawing from practical experience, it outlines crucial technical specifications, safety protocols, and best practices for establishing robust, adaptable, and secure testing environments. Addressing the industry’s need for dedicated infrastructure, it is engineered for adaptability across various engine types—including heavy-duty, light-duty, and multi-utility vehicles—while aligning with global technical standards. Key technical considerations include the use of a transient dynamometer that features an advanced
Dhyani, Vipin, Kurien, Caneon, Subramanian, Balaji, Khandai, Chinmayananda, Muralidharan, M
Virtual Validation of ADAS Algorithms Using Driver-in-the-Loop Simulation2026-26-0050To be published on 01/16/2026
Driver-in-the-Loop (DIL) simulators have become crucial tools across automotive, aerospace, and maritime industries in enabling the evaluation of design concepts, testing of critical scenarios and provision of effective training in virtual environments. With the diverse applications of DIL simulators highlighting their significance in vehicle dynamics assessment, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle development, testing of complex control systems is crucial for vehicle safety. A comprehensive review of current research trends reveals key areas of focus such as realism of simulated experiences through improved vehicle dynamics models and advanced sensory feedback. The integration of virtual and augmented reality technologies help to create more immersive and informative simulations to improve the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of DIL simulation platforms. By examining the current landscape of DIL simulator use cases, this paper critically focuses on
Sharma, Chinmaya, Bhagat, Ajinkya, Kale, Jyoti Ganesh, Karle, Ujjwala
Technologies and Strategies for High Break Thermal Efficiency Gasoline Engine to Meet the Future CO2 Emission Targets in India2026-26-0072To be published on 01/16/2026
The Indian automobile industry is experiencing a significant shift, propelled by environmental necessities and national climate obligations set at the CoP26 summit, aiming for a 45% decrease in CO₂ emissions by 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality by 2070 [1]. Transportation continues to be a significant source of air pollution; consequently, India is enhancing its regulatory frameworks with BS VI Stage 2 regulations, CAFE Phase III norms set for 2027, and CAFE Phase IV by 2032 [2]. Furthermore, the transition from MIDC to WLTP driving cycle is meant to increase the accuracy of the efficiency and emissions assessments [2]. To comply to these upcoming regulations, the automotive industry is moving toward producing high efficiency engines in India. A naturally aspirated (NA) 1.5L, 4- cylinder inline gasoline engine was selected from Indian market for this study. Maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of this engine is around 35%. Assessment of new technologies were performed by
Garg, Shivam, Fischer, Marcus, Emran, Ashraf, Jagodzinski, Bartosch, Franzke, Bjoern
Oil channelization for EV transmission.2026-26-0064To be published on 01/16/2026
Leakage of oil through breathers can be a serious concern in electric vehicle (EV) transaxle units, especially due to the complexities presented by small housing space and rotational components, which are running at relatively high speed compared to conventional transmission unit. Traditional methods are mostly centred on developing individual breather compartments, resulting in excess material usage, additional weight, and increased cost of manufacturing. This paper presents a novel and compact way of oil channelization that has been created for the gearbox housing and seeks to counter oil leakage along with maximizing space and efficiency. The improved design incorporates a cover, deflector fins, and obstruction ribs together with a strategically placed oil catcher cavity that effectively keeps the breather isolated from direct exposure to oil. The larger cavity minimizes internal pressure build-up, the fins restrict oil velocity, and an exclusive return path guarantees uninterrupted
Ekshinge, Mahesh Shivaji, Agrawal, Devesh, Pandey, Ankit Kumar, Bhandari, Kiran Kamlakar
Analysis and Mitigation of Parasitic Noise in Hydraulic Engine Mounts: Addressing Cavitation and Membrane Hitting2026-26-0335To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydraulic engine mounts are widely used in automotive applications to reduce vibration and noise transmission from the engine to the vehicle body by providing high damping at low frequencies and low damping/stiffness at higher frequencies. This is achieved by allowing sufficient clearance between components inside the hydro mount, activating hydraulic damping only with sufficient amplitude inputs. However, this inherently leads to the generation of Parasitic noises emanating from hydraulic engine mounts which significantly degrades the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) performance of vehicles, presenting a considerable challenge in the automotive industry. This encompasses phenomena such as cavitation, arising from the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within the working fluid due to localized pressure drops below the vapor pressure, and membrane hitting, resulting from the dynamic interaction between the fluid and the elastic membrane within the mount. Both noise
Agrawal, Adheesh, Vineeth, Sekharan, Ghosh, Chiranjit, Saxena, Akshansh, Parmar, Aashish, Seenivasan, Gokulram, Nandal, Abhishek, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, khan, Prasenjit
Data-Driven Modeling for Hydrogen ICE Emission Prediction and ATS Performance Benchmarking2026-26-0386To be published on 01/16/2026
This study presents a novel methodology for benchmarking Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2E) emissions against diesel vehicle configurations, emphasizing Real-Drive Emission (RDE) test procedures. By leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, emission profiles for legal cycles and RDE scenarios are predicted. Integrated data pipelines and physics-based modeling enable virtual evaluations of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system performance, ammonia dosing accuracy, and exhaust temperature dynamics. Key results demonstrate high prediction accuracy across models, including temperature (R² > 0.94, RMS error <25°C), air flow (92% accuracy, RMSE = 28 kg/h), upstream NOx (93% accuracy, RMSE <10 mg/s), and SCR (TP NOx accuracy = 85%, dosing accuracy = 90%). This approach significantly reduces the need for extensive on-road driving tests, as the model performs most of the work, thereby lowering development costs and supporting OEMs in
Shah, Jash Vipin, S, Manoj Kumar, Ratnaparkhi, Aditya, H, Shivaprakash
Strategic Design of Intake Systems for Crafting a Sporty Acoustic Signature in Passenger Vehicles2026-26-0328To be published on 01/16/2026
In pursuit of a distinct sporty interior sound character, the present study explores an innovative strategy for designing intake systems in passenger vehicles. While most existing literature primarily emphasizes exhaust system tuning for enhancing vehicle sound quality, the current work shifts the focus toward the intake system’s critical role in shaping the perceived acoustic signature within the vehicle cabin. In this research work, target cascading and settings were derived through a combination of benchmark and structured subjective evaluation study and aligning with literature review. Quantitative targets for intake orifice noise was defined to achieve the desired sporty character inside cabin. Intake orifice targets are engineered based on signature and sound quality parameter required at cabin. Systems are designed by using advanced CAE techniques, Specific identified acoustic orders were enhanced in the intake system to reinforce the required signature in acceleration as well
Sadekar, Umesh Audumbar, Titave, Uttam, Patil, Jitendra, Naidu, Sudhakara
Condition-Based Monitoring for Prompt Identification of Component Failures to Safeguard the Entire System.2026-26-0576To be published on 01/16/2026
Condition-based monitoring (CBM) has emerged as a transformative approach in predictive maintenance, enabling the proactive identification of potential component failures. It offers numerous advantages like Cost Savings, Increased Equipment Lifespan, RCA of failed parts, Optimized Resource Utilization, Reduced Disruptions, Enhanced Reliability and Safety and many more making it a vital approach for effective maintenance and operational efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for monitoring and analyzing vibration trends to predict and prevent the breakdown of critical components in IC Engine in its testing phase. The good part here is that this methodology is not just limited to IC Engine but can be applied across wide range of industries and mechanical systems as from the literature and past vibration data, it was observed that before any such failure engine vibration increases. If the engine is stopped at that moment, it can be preserved, allowing for further
Gupta, Gaurav, Verma, Vivek
Powertrain Radiated Noise Segregation for Internal Combustion Engines2026-26-0352To be published on 01/16/2026
Powertrain is the most prominent source of Noise and Vibration in the vehicle. Improvement in Powertrain Noise & Vibration is a multifaceted topic due to complex architecture of the powertrain and the critical role of calibration in defining combustion inputs. Hence, a method to clearly distinguish these aspects is required in order to address the exact problem and decide on course of actions to improve NVH performance of powertrains. This paper discusses a post-processing technique through which experimentally acquired ICE Powertrain Noise can be further segregated in order to identify and address the root source. The segregation methodology requires as input - noise, vibration and cylinder pressure values at various torque conditions across multiple operating points. A MATLAB based code developed by the authors is used to generate correlation between the Cylinder Pressure, Torque and Noise Parameters. The transfer coefficient at every frequency point is calculated using regression
K J, Kishor, Kulkarni, Shriram, rawat, Udeshya, Pisal, Sangram, Naidu, Sudhakara
EMC Regulations of Construction Equipment Vehicles in India : Challenges and Solutions2026-26-0146To be published on 01/16/2026
Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEVs) in India is continuously growing as India being fastest growing country in the world in terms of Infrastructure. The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference, Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) and Safety perspective. CEVs include various types of machines including Compactor, Wheel Loader, Crane, Paver, Truck Crane, Cement Mixer etc. EMC requirements of all these types are internationally governed by ISO 13766-1, 2. This paper provides insights about various considerations to be taken during EMC Tests of each type of machines. It also includes guidelines related to antenna positioning, reference point calculations, Narrow Band and Broad band considerations. It will also provide general EMC guidelines and precautions related to component selection and placement along with typical EMC
Yeola, Mayur, Shinde, Avinash
Applicability of EMC Validation for EV powertrain components2026-26-0197To be published on 01/16/2026
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. An electric vehicle is a complex and dynamic system consisting of numerous components interacting with each other. With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. Considering all these, EMC Testing of all power train components with real case scenarios is utmost important. This paper will put a light on applicability of various EMC tests for EV components like Traction Battery, Traction Motor and Inverter, DC to DC Converter, 3 in 1 Unit, 4 in Unit, BTMS unit, HVAC system, On Board Charger etc. With ICE vehicles, all components were connected to only 12/24V battery but with the EV era, Components are getting connected to HV battery or LV battery or sometimes both. With this change, all ISO and CISPR standards were undergone with major revisions. It is important to consider these changes while performing EMC test. This paper
Yeola, Mayur, Mulay, Abhijit B, Swaminathan, Ganeshan
High-Performance Computing for Software-Defined EV Powertrains: Design and Real-Time Validation with NXP S32E278 Domain Controller2026-26-0684To be published on 01/16/2026
Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) are redefining the automotive landscape by decoupling hardware from software and enabling dynamic, over-the-air updates, advanced control strategies, and real-time decision-making. To support this transformation, EV powertrain systems require high-performance computing (HPC) platforms capable of real-time control, data processing, and cross-domain communication. This paper introduces a fully SDV-compatible EV powertrain architecture built around the NXP S32E278 domain controller, which integrates a multi-core, lockstep-enabled processor specifically designed for zonal control and automotive functional safety. To meet the bandwidth and latency demands of modern SDV applications, the system replaces conventional CAN-based communication with automotive Ethernet, enabling gigabit data transfer, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and low-latency coordination across software-defined control domains. The S32E executes critical functions such as field-oriented
Pawar, Ganesh, Inamdar, Sumer Deepak, Kumar, Mayank, Deosarkar, Pankaj, Tayade, Nikhil, Kanse, Dattatray, Chopade, Vipul
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE FOR PORT FUEL INJECTED AND DIRECT INJECTED TECHNOLOGY ROUTES USING 1D SIMULATION2026-26-0250To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (HICE) has the promise of zero carbon solution for the mobility industry. The key beneficiary would be the medium and heavy-duty segment of transportation which are not likely to adapt the battery electric or fuel cell electric solution in the immediate term. This particular segment of engines need high low end torque, peak torque and rated power which cannot be compromised. Additionally, a competitive thermal efficiency w.r.t base diesel engines would be advantageous. Direct Injection (DI) of hydrogen gives higher specific power and thermal efficiency as compared to Port Fuel Injection (PFI). This study focuses on the performance characteristics of these technology routes to aid in the HICE development process. Current work involves the use of 1-D thermodynamic simulation using GT-Power for modeling the performance of HICE. Both predictive and non-predictive methodologies of modeling the combustion were employed. Initially, the model validation of
Parthiban R, Varun, Karthikeyan, K R, Narayana Reddy, J, Paramasivam, Prakash, Manjunath, M, Kumar D, Kishore, N R, Varatharaj, Suresh, K, G, Yogesh Bolar, Sadagopan, Krishnan, Pandey, Sunil Kumar
E-drive System Selection Criterion for Hybrid Electric Heavy Commercial Vehicles Segments2026-26-0467To be published on 01/16/2026
Automotive industry expediting progress toward electrification since climate change driven by global warming represents a significant environmental challenge with far-reaching implications. While electric vehicles offer considerable potential for mitigating CO₂ emissions, their elevated upfront costs pose a notable challenge to large-scale market penetration. Hybrid electric vehicles can serve as an effective intermediary solution, bridging the gap between conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and fully electric vehicles, owing to their comparatively lower initial costs. Hybrid electric vehicle component selection is a complex process which has to fulfil multiple requirements fuel economy, performance, drivability, packaging, total cost of ownership of vehicle and comfort. In addition, Hybrid configuration selection also plays a vital role in cost of hybrid electric vehicle. Hence, it is a great challenge to select right powertrain configuration including architecture
Shendge, Raman, Jadhav, Vaibhav, Wani, Kalpesh, Warule, Prasad
Enhancing Engine Reliability Testing with IoT, AI and ML: Real-Time ML-based Limit Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance with IoT sensor2026-26-0647To be published on 01/16/2026
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) has transformed various industries, offering substantial benefits. The application of these technologies in engine reliability testing has immense potential as they offer real-time monitoring and analysis of engine performance parameters. Engine reliability testing is vital for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and longevity of engines. Traditional methods are time consuming, expensive, and rely heavily on manual inspection and data analysis. This paper shows how IoT, AI and ML technologies can greatly enhance the efficiency of engine reliability testing. The paper includes the following case studies: 1. ML-based Limit Monitoring for test data: With the help of machine learning models, we monitor the Engine health by comparing predicted and measured values during real-time testing. Intelligent algorithms predict and compare values, detect anomalies, and identify root causes in real-time
Yadav, Sanjay Kumar, kumar, prabhakar, R, Dinesh, Joon, Sushant, Rai, Ayush, Tripathi, Vinay Mani
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 63637