Browse Topic: Fuels and Energy Sources

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Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Zirconia Functionally Graded Beam2025-28-0120To be published on 02/07/2025
This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is comprised of four axially layered sections, where the volume fraction of metal and ceramic varies across the thickness. The buckling analysis is conducted under three different boundary conditions: clamped-clamped, simply-supported-simply-supported, and clamped-simply-supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. The beam configurations are designed based on a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level to determine the most significant layer and its relative
Pawale, Deepak, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Technical Paper
Optimizing Titanium Alloy Grade 7 Machining with Grey Relational Analysis2025-28-0049To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their level of hardness. Due to the growing need for superior products and the requirement for quick design adjustments, decision-making in production has become more complex. This study focuses on Titanium Grade 5 and suggests creating predictive models utilizing a Taguchi-grey technique to achieve multi-objective optimization in ECM. The trials are structured based on Taguchi's principles, utilizing Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) to simultaneously maximize several performance indicators. This entails optimizing the pace at which material is removed, decreasing the roughness of the surface, and attaining precise geometric tolerances. ANOVA is used to assess the relevance of process variables that affect these measures. The suggested predictive technique for Titanium Grade 5 outperforms current models in terms of flexibility
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Kumar, V, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Krishnamachary, PC, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
Cutting-Edge Coating Materials for Dual Fuel Diesel Engines Using Acetylene Aspiration2025-28-0134To be published on 02/07/2025
A diesel engine with a Yttria Stabilised Zirconium (YSZ) thermal barrier layer (TBL) on the piston crown was used in an experiment. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the influence of the thermal barrier layer on the efficiency and pollution levels of a diesel engine. The selection of YSZ as the coating material was based on its desirable physical properties including a high coefficient of expansion when exposed to heat, low degree of thermal conductivity, and a high Poisson's number. These characteristics make it a suitable material for use in coatings applied to engine components. In addition to their current research, the scientists are also focusing on identifying sustainable substitutes for conventional petroleum fuels. This is because of the growing concern over environmental impacts and the limited availability of fossil fuel resources. The researchers are seeking new options that are both environmentally friendly and capable of meeting the world's energy demands. By
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree
Technical Paper
A Novel Approach to develop the Exhaust Backpressure Measurement System for Automotive Application2025-28-0168To be published on 02/07/2025
Backpressure is one of key acoustic performance evaluation criteria of exhaust muffler (or Silencer) /EATS (Exhaust after treatment system) as well as for the exhaust system. Exhaust back pressure is an important parameter for fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Typically, the engine manufacturer specifies an upper limit for this. Usually, exhaust back pressure is measured during the driving condition of the vehicle at maximum power condition of the engine either on road or on chassis dynamometer. Both these methods, need a lot of preparatory works, test setup arrangement, 3 or more manpower and special skills. In this research, authors are tried to develop a new backpressure measurement set up for automotive vehicle application, which is simple and innovative, to fulfill the backpressure test requirement. In this design, mainly following devices are used namely Pitot tube, Compressed air, Manometer (or pressure gauge), Thermocouple, Fluke thermometer, along with standalone exhaust layout
Mandal, Goutam, Biswas, Sanjoy
Technical Paper
Enhancing O-Ring Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning2025-28-0161To be published on 02/07/2025
O-rings are essential sealants in engineering applications, ensuring leak-tight seals, and preventing fluid leakage. Specifically, in Fuel Cells, they play a crucial role in maintaining system integrity by preventing working fluid leakages. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly employed for virtual assessments of sealant assemblies. By simulating the behavior of O-rings under various conditions, engineers can evaluate their performance. However, the traditional approach of varying individual input parameters to understand their impact on performance is time-consuming and extensive. To address this challenge, machine learning (ML) algorithms offer an efficient alternative to repetitive traditional FEA. By leveraging ML models, engineers can predict output parameters more effectively, streamlining the analysis process and enhancing accuracy. Despite the benefits of ML, different predictive models exhibit varying prediction performance, leading to inconsistency. Therefore, it is
Mallu, Venkata Reddy, Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Chirravuri, Bhaskara, Duddu, Varaprasad, Miller, Ronald, Sahu, Abhishek
Technical Paper
Design and Comprehensive Computational Performance Investigations of Hybrid Vortex Bladeless Turbine with PVEH Patches for Unmanned Surface Vehicles2025-28-0185To be published on 02/07/2025
This work addresses an innovative method for improving energy harvesting in bladeless wind turbines (BWT) by utilizing the energy of vorticity, an aerodynamic effect (vortex scattering), piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH) patches, and profile modifications of a wind turbine. The streamlined flow undergoes a transformation and generates a vortex in the vicinity of the structure when the wind impacts the BWT. As the velocity increases, the wind strikes the structure with a greater force, resulting in an imbalance that causes the structure to vibrate. In order to convert the vibrational energy of the wind turbine into electrical energy, the research investigates the use of a variety of profile modifications to capitalize on the aerodynamic effect generated by the structure. The PVEH patches are applied to the structure's surface to extract energy from renewable sources. This provides additional energy in addition to the energy produced by the BWT, which is advantageous in
Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani Priyadharshini, Rajendran, Mahendran, Arumugam, Manikandan, Raji, Arul Prakash, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh
Technical Paper
Design and Computational Investigations on the Performance attainment and Structural Integrity of Advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines for Unmanned Marine Vehicles2025-28-0188To be published on 02/07/2025
The integration of advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) into Unmanned Marine Vehicles (UMVs) significantly enhances their operational efficiency by providing power source. These vehicles, designed for diverse applications, require efficient power systems to operate autonomously over extended periods. The major disadvantages are limited battery life and energy storage capabilities restrict their operational range and endurance of the UMVs. Utilizing HAWTs in UMVs provide a renewable energy source, reducing operational costs. This continuous power supply enhances mission capabilities and promote energy independence, making them ideal for long-term missions. Ansys Composite PrepPost (ACP) is employed for the pre-processing of HAWT blades, enabling the layering of different composites. The layering of various materials can significantly increase the strength and durability of the HAWT blades. These composites provide superior resistance to fatigue and environmental degradation
Gunasekaran, Durga Devi, Kannan, Haridharan, Sourirajan, Laxana, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh
Technical Paper
Effect of Single Vacancy Defect on Fundamental Frequency of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube2025-28-0111To be published on 02/07/2025
This paper studies the effect of single vacancy defect on the fundamental frequency of carbon nanotube using finite element method. Cantilevered and bridged boundary conditions have been used for carbon nanotube with and without attached mass. There is less effect on the frequency of cantilevered structure due to presence of defect at center rather than its presence at other positions. Presence of defect near to fixed end shows more effect on fundamental frequency of bridged structure as opposed to other positions. Cantilevered structure with mass attached shows increase in effect due to presence of defect when mass ranges from 10-3 to 10-6 femtogram, while it seems to remain constant with further decrease in mass. This paper is mainly concerned about the overall effect of single vacancy defect at the different positions and with different parameters of carbon nanotube with and without attached mass on the frequency and frequency shift. Nano materials are playing a vital role in all
Kharche, Gaurav, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, B, Srivatsan, Balakrishna Sriganth, Pranav, Biswas, Sayan
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation and Operating Characteristics of LHR Engine using Pongamia Pinnata and Azadirachta indica Biodiesel Blend with Industrial Waste Additive2025-28-0039To be published on 02/07/2025
The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety have focused the interest on alternative fuels to the diesel engine. This suggested the worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternative fuel. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when running on alternative fuels. Non-edible oil derived from Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed oil blends as an alternative fuel have been considered for this study. Using Copper oxide (5% w/w), the two oils were transesterified for 6 hours at a temperature of 75 °C and a methanol to oil ratio of 20:1. The biodiesel samples that were produced underwent FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the FAME conversion for the biodiesel derived from Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata was 99.19% and 97.93%, respectively. Diesel engine combustion components, viz., the piston crown and liner, were coated with Aluminium titanate thermal
R, Suresh, R, Ashwin, Uppuluri, Kiranbabu, T, MohanRaj
Technical Paper
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of microchannel through various nanofluids2025-28-0024To be published on 02/07/2025
The significant development of power convertors in electrical vehicles demand higher energy consumptions and in turn larger heat generations. To prevent overheating of power convertors a newly designed curved micro channel was designed diamond shaped and triangular cross-sections. The working fluids used are Gc3N4/Water (0.3%), Al2O3/Water (0.3%) nanofluids, and Al2O3-Gc3N4/Water (0.3%) hybrid nanofluid and evaluated the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The heat sink has a cross-sectional area of 80 × 48 mm², and the experimental study was conducted by varying the mass flow rate from 0.1 to 0.5 LPM under a constant heat flux of 50 kW/m². The experimental results revealed that the heat transfer rate and pressure drop for the pentagonal channel increased by 14.2% and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the triangular channel heat sink using hybrid nanofluids. This improvement can be attributed to the secondary flow generated in the oblique finned pentagonal microchannel heat sink
R L, Krupakaran, Petla, Ratna Kamala, Anchupogu, Praveen, Kala, Lakshmi K, Gangula, Vidyasagar Reddy, Tarigonda, Hariprasad
Technical Paper
Impact of Hydrogen Enrichment on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated in Dual Fuel Mode with Karanja Oil Methyl Ester-Tire Pyrolysis Oil Blend2025-28-0109To be published on 02/07/2025
The growing demand for fossil fuels and the search for alternatives have the potential to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. Karanja oil and tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) are identified as promising substitutes. This study examines the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was tested using diesel, the optimal combination of karanja oil biodiesel (KOME) and TPO (50:50% volume ratio), and this KOME-TPO blend with hydrogen supplied in dual fuel mode at flow rates of 10 lpm, 20 lpm, and 30 lpm, designated as H10, H20, and H30, respectively. The results indicated that BTE for H30 was the highest, reaching 32.21% compared to 30.52% for diesel at 5.2 kW BP. BSEC for H30 was the lowest at 11.18 MJ/kWh, compared to 11.80 MJ/kWh for diesel at the same BP. Emission analysis showed that smoke and HC emissions were significantly lower for hydrogen-enriched blends. At 5.2 kW BP, HC emissions for H30
Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Chelladorai, Prabhu, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Marutholi, Mubarak, Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar
Technical Paper
Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Using Various Blends of Diesel and Prosopis Juliflora Seed Oil-Derived Biodiesel2025-28-0129To be published on 02/07/2025
The rising demand for fossil fuels and the exploration of renewable energy sources from plants have gained significant attention due to their role in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security. Prosopis juliflora, abundantly available in India, offers a viable source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of diesel, vegetable oil, and biodiesel derived from Prosopis juliflora seeds. The engine was tested with pure diesel, vegetable oil (PJO), biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel-diesel blends at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume, designated as B20, B40, B60, and B80, respectively. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), were measured, along with emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Results indicated that BTE
Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Thiyagarajan, Prakash, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Marutholi, Mubarak, John, Godwin
Technical Paper
AI-Driven Optimization of Advanced Machining for Haste alloy by ANFIS Method2025-28-0141To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study primarily examines the use of Inconel 625 in vehicle applications and suggests creating regression models to predict performance parameters in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, and mathematical equations are derived using multiple regression models. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the statistical significance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed regression models for Inconel 625 are more versatile
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, D, Palanisamy, Silambarasan, R, Krishnamachary, PC
Technical Paper
Data-Driven Optimization of Titanium Grade 7 Machining for Automotive Applications2025-28-0143To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their level of hardness. With the rising demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly complex. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 5 and suggests creating prediction models through regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, utilizing a multiple regression approach to deduce mathematical equations. The Taguchi method is utilized for single-objective optimization in order to determine the ideal combination of process parameters that will maximize the material removal rate. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the relevance of process factors that affect performance measures. The suggested prediction technique for Titanium Grade 5 exhibits
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Kumar, V, Krishnamachary, PC, Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
Design and Development of Range Extended-Hybrid Power Train for Two-Wheeler2025-28-0194To be published on 02/07/2025
Environmental awareness is being fostered in every sector, with particular emphasis on the automotive industry. Conventional internal combustion engines responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and health issues. Researchers are looking for alternative technologies to reduce carbon footprint and for green environment. In this study, electric drive train is designed for 20% range extension and retrofitted in conventional two-wheeler. A control strategy has been developed, tested and successfully deployed on the vehicle. The hybrid drivetrain architecture is assessed for complexities such as the required space for the battery and the location for fitting the electric motor. During low-speed conditions, the electric motor reduced the emissions and minimized fuel consumption. Consequently, the overall utilization of internal combustion engines at low-speed condition has decreased, leading to a decrease in the vehicle's fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions
Banad, Chandrashekhar B, Devunuri, Suresh, Nair, Jayashri Narayanan, Hadagali, Balappa, Prasad, Gvl
Technical Paper
Exploring Trapezoidal Salt Gradient Solar Pond Performance A Combined Numerical and Experimental Analysis with and without Reflective Covered Surface2025-28-0201To be published on 02/07/2025
This study investigates the thermal performance of trapezoidal salt gradient solar ponds through a combined approach of experimental analyses and MATLAB numerical simulations. Salt gradient solar ponds offer a promising solution for sustainable energy generation by harnessing solar radiation and storing it as thermal energy for various applications. However, optimizing their performance is essential to maximize energy efficiency and economic viability. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermal dynamics of trapezoidal salt gradient solar ponds under different conditions, including the presence or absence of a reflective covered surface. These experiments provided valuable empirical data on temperature distribution and heat storage capacity. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed using MATLAB to model the thermal behavior of the ponds and validate the experimental findings. The simulations allowed for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms
J, Vinoth Kumar
Technical Paper
Designing Next-Generation Piston Geometry for LPG Powered Spark Ignition Engines: An Integrated CFD and Experimental Approach2025-28-0123To be published on 02/07/2025
The efficiency of combustion has a major impact on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignited LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine. The shape of the combustion chamber determines the homogeneous charge intake velocity, which is crucial for the turbulent motion that encourages flame propagation and quickens combustion. It need the right amount of compression ratio, charge squish velocity and turbulent kinetic energy to sustain combustion and propel laminar flames. There are a number of names for the motion of the charge within the cylinder: swirl, squish, tumble and turbulence. All of these terms affect how air and fuel are mixed and burned. Piston shape affects in-cylinder motion, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and improves combustion characteristics. The shape of the piston quench zone has a substantial impact on the charge velocity inside the combustion chamber. The impact on charge motion was analyzed using computer modeling using STAR-CD on pentroof
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, R L, Krupakaran, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan
Technical Paper
Preparation of Copper Antimony Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells by Chemical Synthesis2025-28-0117To be published on 02/07/2025
CuSbS2 is a promising ternary semiconductor for use as an absorber layer in third-generation thin film heterojunction solar cells. This newly developed optoelectronic material offers a viable alternative to CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 due to its composition of inexpensive, readily available, and non-toxic elements. These films were successfully produced at an optimal substrate temperature of 533 K using the conventional spray technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies confirm that the films exhibit a chalcostibite structure. Characterization studies reveal that the films possess lattice parameters of a = 0.60 nm, b = 0.38 nm, and c = 1.45 nm, with an absorption coefficient of 105 cm-1 and a band gap of 1.50 eV. Notably, the films exhibit p-type conductivity. All these studies confirm that CuSbS2 as an absorber layer is highly suitable for solar cell applications. An attempt was made in this study to improve the crystallinity of the CuSbS2 films by different experimental conditions. (i
Kumar, YB Kishore, Yb, Kiran, Tarigonda, Hariprasad, Reddy M, Surya Sekhar
Technical Paper
Smart Machining of Titanium Grade 7: ANFIS Application for Process Parameter Prediction2025-28-0160To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design adjustments, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has grown increasingly intricate. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 5 and suggests the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for predictive modelling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the goal of concurrently maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and achieving precise geometric tolerances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to assess the relevance of process characteristics that impact these performance measures. The ANFIS model presented for Titanium Grade 5 provides more flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy in
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, D, Palanisamy, Kiruthika, Jothi, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
Advanced Parameter Forecasting for Titanium Grade 19 Machining in Automotive Applications2025-28-0045To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a remarkably effective technique for producing detailed designs in materials that can conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. As the desire for high-quality products and the necessity for rapid design changes grow, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly intricate. This work focuses on Titanium Grade 9 and proposes the development of prediction models using regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are designed using Taguchi's methodology, employing a multiple regression approach to produce mathematical equations. The Taguchi technique is utilized for the purpose of single-objective optimization in order to determine the optimal combination of process parameters that will optimize the rate at which material is removed. ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the relevance of process factors that impact performance indicators. The suggested prediction technique for
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Silambarasan, R, D, Palanisamy
Technical Paper
An Integrated Material Science Approach to Evaluate the Viability of Ethoxy Ethane and Rubber Seed (Heavea Brasiliensis) Biodiesel as Sustainable Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines2025-28-0130To be published on 02/07/2025
The primary issues in using pure vegetable oils for internal combustion engines are their high soot output and reduced thermal efficiency. Therefore in the present investigation, a Heavea Brasiliensis biodiesel (HBB) is used as a carbon source of fuel and ethoxy ethane as a combustion accelerator on a compression ignition (CI) engine. In this investigation, an only one cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled DI diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm was utilized. Whereas heavea brasiliensis biodiesel was delivered straightly into the cylinder at almost close to the end of compression stroke and ethoxy ethane was sprayed instantly in the intake manifold in the event of intake stroke. At various loads, the parameter of ethoxy ethane volume rate were optimised. To minimise exhaust emissions, an air plasma spray technology was employed to cover the engine combustion chamber with a thermal barrier coating. Because of its adaptability for high-temperature applications, YSZ (Yttria
Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree
Technical Paper
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE PCM TO ENHANCE HEAT TRANSFER RATE WITH THE ADDITION OF NANOPARTICLES IN THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE2025-28-0023To be published on 02/07/2025
This paper explores the augmentation of thermal conductivity in paraffin wax through the incorporation of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, leading to the development of composite phase change materials (PCMs). The objective is to enhance heat transfer rates, crucial for various energy storage applications including industrial waste heat recovery and solar thermal energy storage. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) testing was employed to experimentally investigate the thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite PCM.The experimental results reveal that the nanocomposite PCM, composed of 96.14% paraffin wax, 2% aluminum oxide, and 1.6% copper oxide, exhibits 1.35 times increase in heat transfer rate compared to conventional paraffin wax. The integration of nanoparticles into the PCM matrix, facilitated by a magnetic stirrer at 50°C for 4 hours, results in uniform distribution and improved grain morphology, as evidenced by SEM images. Moreover, the
Tarigonda, Hariprasad, Kumar, YB Kishore, Kala, Lakshmi K, R L, Krupakaran
Technical Paper
Performance Forecasting in Nickel Alloy Machining: A Study for Aerospace Engineering Applications2025-28-0154To be published on 02/07/2025
The process of electrochemical machining, often known as ECM, is capable of effectively shaping complicated structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of the materials' level of hardness hence especially used for automobile and aerospace applications. As a result of the demand for high-quality products and the desire for rapid design changes, the manner in which decisions are made in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly contentious. With the assistance of regression analysis, this study proposes the development of predictive models for the purpose of forecasting the performance measures in electrochemical machining of Inconel 800HT. The trials are designed in accordance with Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized in order to derive the mathematical equations. Taguchi's method can be applied as a methodology for single objective optimization in order to attain the most optimal combination of process parameters for the purpose
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Silambarasan, R, Kiruthika, Jothi
Technical Paper
Process Parameter Prediction for Advanced Machining of Copper-Nickel Alloy Turbine Components2025-28-0155To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study focuses on Inconel 718 and suggests creating predictive models to anticipate performance metrics in ECM through regression analysis. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized to deduce the mathematical equations. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the relevance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed prediction technique for Inconel 718 is more adaptable, efficient, and accurate
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Silambarasan, R, Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana
Technical Paper
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Tannery Industry Fleshing Wastes Using Response Surface Methodology2025-28-0115To be published on 02/07/2025
In response to rising emissions and pollutants, an alternative and environmentally friendly synthesis is gaining prominence on the energy sources. The leather industries generate substantial amount of waste and fleshing oil extracted from fleshing which is rich in lipids and presents a viable feedstock for biodiesel production. In this research work, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the conversion of leather fleshing oil into biodiesel using three parameters such as operating temperature, reaction time, and molar ratio. Experiments were carried out to determine the most optimal conditions and the response on yield (%) and viscosity (mm2/s) based on a 17-run Box–Behnken Design matrix. Stochastic model parameters such as R2 (0.9715 and 0.9793), adjusted R2 (0.9349 and 0.9527), predicted R2 (0.8327 and 0.7656), and high F-values (26.52 and 36.78) of both responses (yield and viscosity) were found to be statistically significant and warranted model adequacy. ANOVA and
P, Kanthasamy, Selvan, Arul Mozhi, P, Shanmugam
Technical Paper
Enhanced Aero Engine Components Manufacturing Through Predictive Models for Cupronickel Machining2025-28-0137To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design changes, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly intricate. The primary objective of this work is to concentrate on Inconel 718 and suggest the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for the purpose of predictive modeling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the target of maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and simultaneously achieving precise geometric tolerances. The relevance of process parameters affecting these performance metrics is assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANFIS model suggested for Inconel 718 provides more flexibility, efficiency
Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Kiruthika, Jothi, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
A critical evaluation of laboratory test methods used to assess coke formation tendency in synthetic lubricants2025-28-0036To be published on 02/07/2025
Lubricating oil in combustion engines undergoes thermal degradation under high temperatures and forms solid deposits. These solid deposits, also referred as coke are insidious, black, and carbonaceous solids. To mitigate the problems associated with oil coking, an effective testing methodology must be developed to characterize the coke formation qualitatively and quantitatively. Testing methodologies have been developed to measure coking tendency however some of the international standards such as the SAE ARP 6166 use visual inspection methods to quantify coke. Such methods are unsuitable for advanced research as they are prone to error in human judgment. This paper intends to bridge this gap and discusses a test methodology that can measure the formed coke quantitatively and qualitatively. The formation of coke has been studied under different laboratory methods such as static immersion test, thin film oxidation test, and dynamic test to replicate the various conditions in which coke
Jeyaseelan, Thangaraja, S, Shanmugasundaram, Bansal, Lalit, Negi, Ashish, Koka, Tirumala Rao, Das, Arnab
Technical Paper
Combustion and Emission Analysis of Pelletized vs. Raw Biomass Fuels2025-28-0035To be published on 02/07/2025
Biomass fuels, such as sawdust and groundnut shells, are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, their high moisture content and loose structure result in low thermal efficiency. To improve performance, pellet forms of these fuels are often used. Naturally available raw and pellet forms of Sawdust, groundnut shell fuels have been utilized in this study. This study evaluates and compares the thermal efficiency of a gasifier cook stove and emissions from the combustion of raw and pellet forms of biomass fuels. It was found that the burning rate and firepower increase significantly with the use of pellet from of fuels. Sawdust pellets exhibited a highest thermal efficiency of 22.41%. The hydrocarbon (HC) levels for groundnut shell pellets were observed to range between 1 and 5 parts per million (ppm), while for sawdust pellets, it was observed to range from 1 to 6 ppm, indicating the preferable usage of pellets as fuel over raw form of biomass fuel
Prasad, Malladi Jogendra, Vangipurapu, Bapi Raju
Technical Paper
Taguchi-Grey Hybrid Method for Enhanced Advanced Machining of Cupronickel Alloys2025-28-0041To be published on 02/07/2025
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. With the growing demand for superior products and the increasing necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing industry becomes increasingly complex. The primary objective of this work is to concentrate on Inconel 718 and suggest the creation of predictive models through the utilization of a Taguchi-grey technique for the purpose of multi-objective optimization in ECM. The trials follow Taguchi's principles and utilize a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) technique to maximize numerous performance indicators concurrently. This involves optimizing the pace at which material is removed while decreasing the roughness of the surface and obtaining precise geometric tolerances. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the importance of process factors that influence these
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, C, Navya, Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
Preparation and Evaluation of lubricating properties of Neem seed oil under the influence of an Anti-wear additive as Sustainable alternative to commercial Engine oil2025-28-0116To be published on 02/07/2025
The search for environmentally friendly and sustainable lubricants for automotive and industrial applications has led to extensive research on bio lubricants as a viable alternative to conventional engine oils and mineral oils. The biodegradable and ecofriendly nature of vegetable oil, makes it an excellent replacement for the depleting mineral oils. Still, a good number of modifications must be brought in, to overcome the drawbacks of vegetable oils. In this work, the preparation and evaluation of lubricating properties like tribological, rheological, thermal etc. of neem seed oil with and without additives were carried out and effectively compared with the lubricating properties of synthetic oil, Poly alpha olefin 6 (PAO6) and with a commercial engine oil, SAE20W40. The copper oxide nano particles were dispersed in neem seed oil as additive in various proportions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt.%) to enhance the tribological properties. The tribological analysis were carried out to
Menon, Krishnaprasad S, R, Ambigai
Technical Paper
Simulation Analysis of Multi-Objective Functions in Mobile Robot Navigation Based on Enhanced Deep Q-Network Algorithm2024-01-5110To be published on 12/24/2024
This research, path planning optimization of the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm is enhanced through integration with the enhanced deep Q-network (EDQN) for mobile robot (MR) navigation in specific scenarios. This approach involves multiple objectives, such as minimizing path distance, energy consumption, and obstacle avoidance. The proposed algorithm has been adapted to operate MRs in both 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 grid-mapped environments, accommodating both static and dynamic settings. The main objective of the algorithm is to determine the most efficient, optimized path to the target destination. A learning-based MR was utilized to experimentally validate the EDQN methodology, confirming its effectiveness. For robot trajectory tasks, this research demonstrates that the EDQN approach enables collision avoidance, optimizes path efficiency, and achieves practical applicability. Training episodes were implemented over 3000 iterations. In comparison to traditional algorithms such as A*, GA
Arumugam, Vengatesan, Alagumalai, Vasudevan, Rajendran, Sundarakannan
Technical Paper
Modeling and Simulation of an Electromagnetic Brake-by-Wire System for Formula SAE Vehicles2024-36-016912/20/2024
Electric vehicles represent a shift towards sustainability in the automotive industry, with the Brake-by-Wire (BBW) system as an innovation to enhance safety, and performance. This study proposes an electromagnetic BBW system for Formula SAE vehicles, optimizing an electromagnet with a genetic algorithm as the actuator. Through a selection process from a million individuals, the system was modeled. Integrated with electric motors using CarMaker® software, the optimized electromagnet surpassed the minimum required force of 228.08 N without reaching its nominal current of 12.5 A, achieving a force of 231.1 N for 150 W power, indicating an energy efficiency of 0.706 N/Watt. The system also exhibited a response time of 17.92ms for an 80 bar increase, 1.52 times better than compared systems. Simulation under varying braking intensities demonstrated dynamic behavior, with settling times for slow, moderate, and sharp braking at 193 ms, 62 ms, and 21 ms, respectively. Efficiency during
Salgado, Vinícius Batista Alves, Gomes, Deilton Gonçalves, Andrade Lima, Cláudio
Technical Paper
Ethanol as a Decarbonization Solution for the Two-Wheel Segment2024-36-012612/20/2024
The aim of this study is to compare possible approaches that support the goal of achieving a carbon-neutral society in the mobility sector, with a specific focus on the two-wheel segment of the mobility sector. One of the key considerations in the mobility sector is the transition from a fossil fuel-based energy mix to a more renewable one. While there are numerous options available for achieving a carbon-neutral society in the four-wheel scenario, the two-wheel sector presents a different challenge due to a smaller number of available options. This study introduces a new comparison between full electric, gasoline, and ethanol-powered two-wheeled vehicles. It suggests that ethanol is a feasible solution for reducing carbon emissions in the two-wheel sector. The study includes an analysis of CO2 emissions for two-wheel vehicles using a life cycle approach, focusing on the technologies of full electric motorcycles, motorcycles with flex-fuel internal combustion engines running on
Pereira, Thaynara K. E., Lima, Flavio, Uema, Fabio K., Sambuichi, Eduardo M.
Technical Paper
Transit Bus System Electrification Transition Planning Review2024-36-006712/20/2024
The world’s commitment towards the mitigation of climate changes has driven many sectors into an effort to reduce their carbon footprint. The transit bus sector, which currently strongly relies on diesel fueled buses, is challenged to reduce its carbon footprint, as well as to reduce the emission of criteria pollutant and noise, which negatively affect the world cities’ population, especially those living nearby the large transit bus corridors. In this context, the Battery Electric Buses (BEB), has been set as the transit sector’s workhorse for reaching the global, regional and local environmental targets. However, despite the relative maturity level of both the electric powertrain and the energy storage devices (ESD) technologies, the bus electrification transition is a disruptive process, from both a technological, operational and managerial standpoint, which might take into account both the (electrical) infrastructure, as well as the operational customization requirements. Moreover
Barbosa, Fábio Coelho
Technical Paper
Effects of Engine Performance Parameters and Vibration Level of the Engine Block Operated with Gasoline and Ethanol Fuel2024-36-000212/20/2024
In recent years, the use of ethanol fuel in internal combustion engines has gained importance due to environmental and commercial factors, since ethanol produces lower emission rates at similar performance parameters compared to gasoline fuel. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of engine performance parameters on the vibration level of the engine block operated with gasoline and ethanol fuel. The experimental tests consisted of operating an Otto cycle engine on a bench dynamometer under full load conditions varying rotation and correlating the vertical, longitudinal and transverse vibration levels of the block engine with the engine performance parameters. The results showed that the engine vibration level was influenced by engine speed, load, type of fuel and performance parameters of the engine. The combustion process is primarily responsible for the highest level of vibration reached when using ethanol as a fuel. Under all operating conditions, the
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
Thermal Energy Balance of an Otto Cycle Engine Fueled with Ethanol and Gasoline2024-36-000312/20/2024
Otto Cycle can operate with both gasoline and ethanol; however, these fuels have different properties that will result in different performance parameters. This work aims to compare the thermal energy balance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and ethanol. The experimental tests were carried out on a dynamometer bench varying engine speed between 1500 and 6000 rpm and at full load condition. The results showed that the engine’s maximum thermal efficiency ranged from 30.51% with gasoline to 31.72% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the cooling system varied from 16.93% with gasoline from 16.12% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the exhaust system ranged from 32.82% with gasoline from 34.64% with ethanol. The percentage of energy wasted due to incomplete fuel combustion varied from 3.50% with gasoline from 10.00% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the lubrication system ranged from 3.95% with gasoline from 3.76
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
Efficient Estimation of Laminar Flame Speed in Dual-Fuel SI Engines: A Simplified Methodology for 1-D Predictive Combustion Simulation2024-36-018412/20/2024
The increasing impacts of the greenhouse effect have driven the need to reduce pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines. Renewable fuels are promising alternatives for emission reduction, and enhancing engine efficiency can further decrease specific emissions. This study explores the development of dual-fuel engines to meet these goals, focusing on dual-fuel combustion in spark-ignition (SI) engines using two different bioethanol and natural gas mixtures. A novel methodology for 1-D predictive combustion simulation in dual-fuel SI engines was developed and implemented in GT-Suite software. The approach involves a straightforward estimation of the laminar flame speed of the fuel mixture and the calibration of turbulent combustion parameters using a genetic optimization algorithm, without the need for complex chemical kinetics models. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can reproduce combustion characteristics, achieving satisfactory outcomes across most tested
Pasa, Giovanni Duarte, Martins, Clarissa, Cota, Filipe, Dornelles, Henrique, Duarte, Thales, Rosalen, Rodrigo, Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco
Technical Paper
Large-Bore HFO Engine Gas Conversion for Power Plants – Part A: Numerical Assessment2024-36-016012/20/2024
In the global scenario marked by the increasing environmental awareness and the necessity on reducing pollutant emission to achieve the decarbonization goals, action plans are being proposed by policy makers to reduce the impact of the climate change, mainly affecting the sectors that most contribute to CO2 emissions such as transportation and power generation. In this sense, by virtue of the National Energy Plan 2050, the Brazilian market will undergo the decommissioning of thermal power plants fueled by diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO) by 2030, compromising about 6.7 GW of power capacity according to the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) database. An alternative to the scrapping of these engine power plants is their conversion to operate with fuels with a lower carbon footprint, such as the natural gas. This work, therefore, aims to numerically assess the conversion feasibility of a HFO large bore four-stroke turbocharged engine to operate with natural gas by means of a
Gonçalves, Vinícius Fernandez, Zabeu, Clayton Barcelos, Antolini, Jácson, Salvador, Roberto, Almeida, Rogério, Valiati, Allan Soares, Filho, Guenther Carlos Krieger
Technical Paper
Performance and Emissions Analysis Using Ducted Fuel Injection in Compression Ignition Engine with Load Variation2024-36-015412/20/2024
Despite the increasing electrification of current vehicles, Diesel engines will continue to be used for several decades to come. There is still a need to introduce emission control technologies, especially those that show good potential and do not require extensive engine modifications. The increasing focus on reducing pollutant emissions and improving energy efficiency has prompted engine manufacturers to continuously strive for technological progress. The aim is to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and the fulfillment of social expectations. Specifically, new Diesel engine projects face the challenge of minimizing both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions, which requires significant investiment in research to develop innovative combustion methods and exhaust gas treatment. One of these innovative methods is Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI), which aims to reduce emissions by improving spray development to obtain a better mixture at flame upstream. This study presents an
Dias, Fábio Jairo, dos Santos, Leila Ribeiro, Rufino, Caio, Garcia, Ezio Castejon, Lomonaco, Raphael, Argachoy, Celso, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira
Technical Paper
Techno-Economic Analysis of the Implementation of a Dual-Fuel ENGINE for Agricultural Applications2024-36-004412/20/2024
The growing demand for decarbonization and reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines used in the agricultural sector is mainly responsible for the utilization of alternative or low-carbon fuels. In this context, in situ biogas production and Dual-fuel technology bring an important opportunity for farmers to use gas with diesel or biodiesel in the agricultural machinery, reducing production costs and carbon emissions. To this end, this work evaluates efficiency, emissions, and economic performance in an internal combustion engine equipped with a Dual-fuel injection for diesel and methane. The tests were carried out on a four-cylinder turbocharged Agrale tractor, model BX6110, with modifications for run on diesel-NGV blends under operating conditions with engine speed from 1500 to 2150 rpm, fuel injection times of 80 to 200, at full load. The results showed that the diesel flow was constant during the tests, therefore, power increases depending on the NGV injected. Maximum
Rincon, Alvaro Ferney Algarra, Alvarez, Carlos Eduardo Castilla, Filho, Aldir Carpes Marques, Oliveira Faria, Rafael, Volpato, Carlos Eduardo Silva, Oliveira Notório Ribeiro, Jéssica
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of the Potential of Hydrogen as an Alternative to Brazilian Commercial Diesel Fuel in Current Heavy-Duty Fleet2024-36-006912/20/2024
Mobility in Brazil, dominated by road transportation, is responsible for consuming around a third of the energy matrix and for emitting approximately half of the energy-related emissions in the country. Among the alternatives to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, the use of low-carbon hydrogen has a strong potential for decarbonization and improvement of engine efficiency. Thus, this study experimentally investigated the partial replacement of commercial diesel (with 12% of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel) by hydrogen in a commercial vehicle equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine. To investigate the effects of this substitution on performance and emission profile, the vehicles was adapted for dual-fuel operation and hydrogen was injected together with air into the MB OM 924 LA engine of a Mercedes-Benz Accelo 1016 vehicle. Tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer with 0%, 2% and 4% slope and at speeds equal to 50, 60 and 70 km/h to simulate
Assis, Guilherme, Sánchez, Fernando Zegarra, Braga, Sergio Leal, Pradelle, Renata Nohra Chaar, Souza Junior, Jorge, Pradelle, Florian, Ticona, Epifanio Mamani
Technical Paper
Assessing Road Load Predictions: A Comprehensive Review and Comparative Analysis of Real-World versus Numerical Simulation2024-36-015712/20/2024
Road loads, encompassing aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance, and gravitational effects, significantly impact vehicle design and performance by influencing factors such as fuel efficiency, handling, and overall driving experience. While traditional coastdown tests are commonly used to measure road loads, they can be influenced by environmental variations and are costly. Consequently, numerical simulations play a pivotal role in predicting and optimizing vehicle performance in a cost-effective manner. This article aims to conduct a literature review on road loads and their effects on vehicle performance, leveraging experimental data from past studies from other researchers to establish correlations between measured road loads and existing mathematical models. By validating these correlations using real-world measurements, this study contributes to refining predictive models used in automotive design and analysis. The simulations in this study, utilizing five distinct empirical
Pereira, Leonardo Pedreira, Braga, Sérgio Leal
Technical Paper
Hydrogen as a Fuel Cell: A Comparative between the Gas and Liquid State and Storage2024-36-012812/20/2024
It is emerging the need to take action to reduce the greenhouse effect, which is one of the major causes of climate change and environmental disasters that has been occurring frequently in recent decades throughout the planet. The burning of fossil fuels for electricity and energy generation are the main concerns and those that have greater incentives for its reduction, as its by-product of the reaction of burning CO2, which among the greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for its aggravation. The transport sector excels in CO2 emissions, emits about 20% of gas, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scientific organization linked to the United Nations (UN). A promising solution to reduce the impact of this sector would be the use of hydrogen fuel cell, which if carried out through renewable energies, the electrolysis of hydrogen has zero CO2 emission throughout the cycle. However, one of the biggest challenges to make viable the use of hydrogen as fuel
Alves, Joyce, Silva, Antônio, Paterlini, Bruno, Santos, Felipe, Pedroso, Henrique, Henrique, Pedro, Milani, Pedro
Technical Paper
Numerical Simulation of Drive Cycles for Formula Electric Vehicle Comparative Powerflow Analysis2024-36-009712/20/2024
This paper proposes a theoretical drive cycle for the competition, considering the battery pack project under design. The vehicle has a non-reversible, double-stage gear train, created without a dynamic investigation. To evaluate the effect on performance, several ratios were analyzed. Dynamic model uses Eksergian’s Equation of Motion to evaluate car equivalent mass (generalized inertia), and external forces acting on the vehicle. The circuit is divided into key locations where the driver is likely to accelerate or brake, based on a predicted behavior. MATLAB ODE Solver executed the numerical integration, evaluating time forward coordinates, creating the drive cycle. Linear gear train results provided data as boundary conditions for a second round of simulations performed with epicyclic gear trains. Model is updated to include their nonlinearity by differential algebraic equation employment with Lagrange multipliers. All data undergoes evaluation to ascertain the mechanical and
Rodrigues, Patrícia Mainardi Tortorelli, Silveira, Henrique Leandro
Technical Paper
Engine Speed Control for the Urban Hybrid-Flex Vehicle2024-36-011812/20/2024
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) combine combustion and electric propulsion means to achieve key objectives, such as: reducing fuel consumption, minimizing pollutant emissions, and enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the Powertrain System. The series hybrid electric vehicles, in special, have a topology compound by four Subsystems, which are: Traction, Storage, Energy Generation, and Energy Management. The Energy Generation Subsystem is responsible for the power supply of the electric traction motors and batteries, depending on the control strategy promoted by the Energy Management Subsystem. The Energy Generation Subsystem is essentially made by an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and a Generator. Effective control of the power output from the Energy Generation Subsystem necessitates precise regulation of the engine speed. Thus, it is necessary to control the engine speed because this is directly related to the power demand of the consumers of other subsystem components. This
Júnior, João Marcos Hilário Barcelos, de Sousa Oliveira, Alessandro Borges, Teixeira, Evandro Leonardo Silva, Pereira, Bruno Luiz, Pinheiro, Leandro Soares, dos Santos Ribeiro, Eduardo, dos Santos de Oliveira, Jordano
Technical Paper
Ground Height and Pitch Angle Influence on the Aerodynamic Behavior of a Production Pickup Truck2024-36-001112/20/2024
The fuel economy performance of road vehicles is one of the most important factors for a successful project in the current automotive industry due to greenhouse effect gases reduction goals. Aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics play key roles on leading the automaker fulfill those factors. The drag coefficient and frontal area of the vehicle are affected by several conditions, where the ground height and pitch angle are very relevant, especially for pickup trucks. In this work, we present a combined study of suspension trim heights and aerodynamics performance of a production pickup truck, where three different loading conditions are considered. The three weight configurations are evaluated both in terms of ground height and pitch angle change considering the suspension and tires deflection and these changes are evaluated in terms of drag coefficient performance, using a Lattice-Boltzmann transient solver. Results are compared with the baseline vehicle at road speed condition, where both
Buscariolo, Filipe Fabian, Terra, Rafael Tedim
Technical Paper
Experimental Analysis of Mixtures Diesel -Hydrogenated Biodiesel Applied in Dynamometer with Diesel Engine 4T BD-5.02024-36-018012/20/2024
Society in actual engineering must promote sustainable developments in new renewable technologies in the transport sector, with resiliency and low greenhouse gas emissions produced. Pollutant emissions must be reduced to obtain an environmental equilibrium and stabilize part of the world’s climate change. With this, the principal objective of this research is to do different blends of diesel- biodiesel and diesel-hydrogenated biodiesel in proportions of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100% to evaluate the performance of these samples of fuels in the internal combustion engine (ICE) diesel, model BD 5.0, connected to dynamometer XL43, located in the engines laboratory of University UFVJM, in Diamantina MG- Brazil at 1384 MASL, to obtain torque and power in different conditions of rotation. These tests were performed with blends of diesel-biodiesel and biodiesel- diesel with bubbling hydrogen (H2). The obtained data were developed with different comparisons, and results showed a positive influence
Barón Pinilla, José D., Silva, N. S., Melo, R. A. A., Santos, Alexandre S., Nery, M. C., Junqueira, H. H. B.
Technical Paper
Combustion of Hydrated Ethanol and Gasoline RON95 Ultra-High Pressure Direct Injection in Optical Access SI Engine2024-36-015212/20/2024
High and ultra-high pressure direct injection (UHPDI) can enhance efficiency gains with flex-fuel engines operating on ethanol, gasoline, or their mixtures. This application aims to increase the engine’s compression ratio (CR), which uses low CR for gasoline due to the knocking phenomenon. This type of technology, involving injection pressures above 1000 bar, permits late fuel injection during the compression phase, preventing auto-ignition and allowing for higher compression ratios. UHPDI generates a highly turbulent spray with significant momentum, improving air-fuel mix preparation, and combustion, resulting in even greater benefits while minimizing particulate matter emissions. This study aims to develop ultra-high-pressure injection systems using gasoline RON95 and hydrated ethanol in a single-cylinder engine with optical access. Experimental tests will be conducted in an optically accessible spark ignition research engine, employing thermodynamic, optical, and emission results
Malheiro de Oliveira, Enrico R., Mendoza, Alexander Penaranda, Martelli, Andre Luiz, Dias, Fábio J., Weissinger, Frederico F., dos Santos, Leila Ribeiro, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira
Technical Paper
Sustainable Aviation Fuel – An Effective Tool for Complying with the Aviation’s Global Environmental Commitment2024-36-006612/20/2024
The (commercial) aviation sector (passenger and freight), which is strongly engaged with the world efforts to mitigate the carbon emissions and their inherent climate change effects, has accounted in 2018 for 2.4 % of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (pre-pandemic levels). Despite the reductions in air travel demand during the 2020 pandemic, with a reduction of up to 80% in passenger travel during the peak pandemic period, the air travel demand has already recovered to around 80% of the pre-pandemic level, with aviation emissions in 2022 reaching around 800 Mt CO2, accounting for 2% of the global energy related CO2 emissions. Moreover, the demand for air travel is expected to double by 2040, growing at an annual average rate of 3.4%, which means that. despite the efficiency improvement trend (average 2%/year), will almost double the aviation’s greenhouse (GHG) emissions, with a significant increase in its relative GHG share, compared to the other transport modes. Meanwhile the
Barbosa, Fábio Coelho
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Vibration Parameters of an Otto Cycle Engine Operated with Regular Gasoline, Premium Gasoline, Pure Ethanol and Mixture of Ethanol with Regular Gasoline2024-36-000112/20/2024
Otto cycle internal combustion engines have undergone technological developments that can be fueled by various types of fuels in different mixture proportions. To achieve this, a detailed study of the main factors that influence the engine combustion process is necessary. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of varying the ignition advance on the performance parameters and vibration level of the engine operated with regular gasoline, premium gasoline, ethanol and a mixture of ethanol with regular gasoline. The experimental tests consisted of operating an Otto cycle engine on a bench dynamometer under full load conditions, varying rotation and ignition advance by 5, 10 and 20% in relation to the original ignition advance and correlating the levels of pre-ignition, knock, engine vibration levels with engine performance parameters. The results showed that the engine vibration level was influenced by the type of fuel used, engine performance parameters and the presence of
Santana, Claudio Marcio, Santana, Linicker Lopes Bruno, Almeida, Helder Giostri Alves
Technical Paper
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