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Development of Integrated Forming of New "NMAX" YECVT Parts Using the Plate Forging Method2025-32-0005To be published on 11/03/2025
Yamaha Motor Engineering Co., Ltd. provides plastic processing technology based on fuel tank press forming technology, and is developing various plastic processing methods, including forging, and developing mold equipment to realize them. This time, the core parts of the YECVT unit mounted on Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.'s small premium scooter "NMAX" were not made by welding individual parts to each other, but by integrally forming them from a single thick plate using the cold forming method, resulting in lightweight, compact, high-strength, high-precision parts. By incorporating a composite plastic processing method that takes advantage of the characteristics of the material while making full use of analysis technology and mold technology, we were able to develop a composite plastic processing method (plate forging method) that creates new added value and mass produce it. In addition,this development has made it possible to achieve a thickness increase of 1.7 times the standard material
Hongo, Hironari, Tamaru, Shogo, Uda, Shinnosuke
Technical Paper
Development of CAE Technology for the Design Support of Piston Pin Circlip2025-32-0015To be published on 11/03/2025
This study focuses on the technology for establishing design criteria for the piston pin circlip (hereinafter referred to as "circlip"), which is a component that holds the engine piston pin. The circlip is assembled into the piston by compressing it to the size of the piston circlip groove. However, in high-revving engines, the inertia forces caused by engine rotation can cause the circlip to disengage from the groove, potentially leading to the piston pin falling out and damaging the engine. To prevent this, it is possible to compress the circlip more and increase the reactive force acting on the groove to prevent falling out. However, this countermeasure raises concerns about the deterioration of the assemblability of the circlip. Therefore, it is necessary to establish evaluation criteria that prevent the circlip from disengaging and deteriorationg the assemblability of the circlip. To enable appropriate design of the circlip during the engine specifications review phase, we
Ishizuka, Atsushi, Watanabe, Naoto
Technical Paper
Safety Critical Series Arc Detection and Measurement in Medium and High Voltage DC Grids2025-32-0012To be published on 11/03/2025
Direct current (DC) systems are increasingly used in small power system applications ranging from combined heat and power plants aided with photovoltaic (PV) installations to powertrains of small electric vehicles. A critical safety issue in these systems is the occurrence of series arc faults, which can lead to fires due to high temperatures. This paper presents a model-based method for detecting such faults in medium- and high-voltage DC circuits. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on high-frequency signal analysis, the proposed method uses a physical circuit model and a high-gain observer to estimate deviations from nominal operation. The detection criterion is based on the variance of a disturbance estimate, allowing fast and reliable fault identification. Experimental validation is conducted using a PV system with an arc generator to simulate faults. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in distinguishing fault events from normal operating variations. The
Winkler, Alexander, Mayr, Stefan, Grabmair, Gernot
Technical Paper
Clean cuts, clear conscience: Advanced engines, optimized tools, eco-friendly fuels2025-32-0087To be published on 11/03/2025
Handheld outdoor power equipment is used worldwide to shape and maintain the environment and are daily assistants in forestry, operated under very demanding environmental conditions. In the power tool sector, as elsewhere, the shift from petrol to battery-powered products is already well underway, especially for consumer applications. However, internal combustion engines will continue to be indispensable for professional users of power tools, who place the highest demands on their equipment in terms of performance and energy density. These power tools are often used in remote locations and thus far away from a possible charging infrastructure. To make a contribution to climate protection, biofuels and RFNBOs are necessary. The continuous optimization of engine technology and its overall system, including cutting tools (saw chain set, cutting wheel, etc.) is an important development goal of STIHL. The interaction between the saw chain, guide bar and power train are essential for optimal
Beck, Kai W., Maier, Georg, Müller, Matthias, Lux, Thomas, Kölmel, Armin, Lochmann, Holger, Melder PhD, Jens
Technical Paper
Higher-strength, higher-toughness die cast wheel material using recycled aluminum2025-32-0007To be published on 11/03/2025
In an attempt to reduce CO2 release from the alloy wheel production, we have developed such an aluminum alloy for casting that satisfies necessary property requirements using recycled aluminum and without heat treatment. The wheel is a critical safety item of the vehicle requiring higher toughness and strength. In many wheels, virgin aluminum containing small amounts of impurities are used to maintain toughness, and the heat treatment (T6), in which quick heating and cooling are conducted after the casting, is applied to provide ensure strength. At the start of this project, we focused on two wheel-manufacturing processes; the production of virgin aluminum and the heat treatment, from which a large amount of CO2 is released. The change from the virgin to the recycled material allows reduction of CO2 release to 1/9. The issue in the use of recycled material is that impurities grow in the metal structures as an intermetallic compounds and lower toughness. To deal with the said issue, we
Suzuki, Noritaka
Technical Paper
Reactivity Retention of Modern Converters for Stringent Emission Control2025-01-0401To be published on 10/07/2025
The push for environmental protection and sustainability has led to strict emission regulations for automotive manufacturers as evident in EURO VII and 2026 EPA requirements. The challenge lies in maintaining fuel efficiency and simultaneously reducing the carbon footprint while meeting future emission regulations. Modern internal combustion engines typically employ various in-cylinder emission reduction techniques along with a multi-stage exhaust after-treatment system to comply with emission standards. Three-way catalyst has been the primary workhorse for the automotive industry for exhaust after-treatment in stoichiometric burn engines, owing to its exceptional conversion efficiency and single-stage simultaneous reductive and oxidative emission mitigation. However, fuel and lubricant-borne sulfur and phosphorus compounds have been shown to have a significant long-term effect on the activity of three-way catalysts, particularly during the lean-rich transitions and oxygen storage
Sandhu, Navjot Singh, Yu, Xiao, Zheng, Ming
Technical Paper
Approaches for Mechanical Development and Validation of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines2025-01-0398To be published on 10/07/2025
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines (H2 ICEs) are seen as a viable zero-emission technology that can be implemented relatively quickly and cost-effectively by automotive manufacturers. The changed boundary conditions of a hydrogen-fueled engine in terms of mechanical and thermal aspects require a review and potential refinement of the design especially for the 'piston bore interface' (liner honing, ring and piston design) but also for other engine sub-systems, e.g. the crankcase ventilation system. The influence of oil entry into the combustion chamber is even more important in hydrogen engines due to the risk of oil-induced pre-ignition. Therefore, investigations of the interaction between friction, blowby and oil transfer into the combustion chamber were performed and are presented in this paper. During the investigations experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder engine ('floating liner') and on a multi-cylinder engine. The 'floating liner' concept allows the crank
Plettenberg, Mirko, Gell, Johannes, Grabner, Peter, Gschiel, Kevin, Hick, Hannes
Technical Paper
Effect of Casting Microstructure on the Mechanical Performance of Recycled EN AC-43200 Al-Si Alloy2025-01-0357To be published on 09/15/2025
Nowadays, the automotive industry is moving toward the reduction of CO2 emissions implementing different strategies. Beyond the direct reduction of emissions from the vehicles, an important role is played by the production of parts made with recycled materials. This is particularly relevant for automotive components (e.g., brake calipers and steering knuckles) produced using cast Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) alloys, whose primary production from bauxite is highly energy-intensive. However, recycled cast Al-Si alloys could have different mechanical performances with respect to their primary counterparts, due to the presence of impurity elements from the recycling process. For this reason, it becomes fundamental to study the effect of different casting parameters (e.g., molten alloy temperature, sprue design and mould temperature) on the solidification microstructure of recycled, cast Al-Si alloys and, as a consequence, on the mechanical performances of the material. In this context, this
Pavesi, Arianna, Barella, Silvia, D'Errico, Fabrizio, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bertasi, Federico
Technical Paper
Influence of Geometric Parameters on the Performance of TPMS-Based Heat Exchangers.2025-24-0015To be published on 09/07/2025
Advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology have enabled the use of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) to integrate thermal and structural functions into a single component. These structures offer advantages such as weight reduction, compactness, and enhanced heat dissipation, making them promising for automotive, aerospace, and electronics applications. TPMS structures, characterized by zero mean curvature and periodic crystalline geometry, have recently gained significant research attention thanks to their potential in thermal management. Among various TPMS geometries, the gyroid and diamond structures stand out for their thermal and fluid dynamic performance. This study explores the influence of cell geometry, unit cell size, and wall thickness on the efficiency of TPMS-based heat exchangers, as these parameters are crucial for their technical feasibility. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, a comparative analysis is conducted for an heat exchange
Cordisco, Ilario, Torri, Federico, Berni, Fabio, Testa, Veronica, Giacalone, Mauro, Fontanesi, Stefano
Technical Paper
In situ DRIFT-MS insight into the thermal evolution of battery materials2025-24-0151To be published on 09/07/2025
Currently, the Li-ion battery is the reference technology adopted by most of automotive manufacturers (OEMs) to ensure the energy storage required for electrified vehicles. However, these batteries can be the source of incidents with potentially severe consequences, commonly referred to as thermal runaway (TR). Thermal runaway mechanisms are generally studied at the macroscopic scale through the analysis of the gases and heat emitted during this event. However, the chemical reactions occurring at the surface, interface, and interphase of the battery's constituent materials remain poorly documented. Obtaining information on the thermal decomposition processes of battery materials is challenging and rarely accessible. In this work, we propose an analytical approach to characterize the evolution of battery materials during a temperature increase from 20 to 350 °C in controlled atmosphere. The developed experimental setup combines diffuse reflectance infrared FT (DRIFT) analysis at the
Lecompte, Matthieu, Rivallan, Mickael, Girod, Nicolas, Clemencon, Isabelle, Chaudoy, Victor, Tant, Sylvain
Technical Paper
Study of Residual Stresses on Flat Surfaces of DIN 51CrV4 Steel in the Stress Shot Peening Process2025-36-032708/01/2025
Compressive residual stresses are very important at fatigue life, therefore this work has an objective to determine compressive residual stresses longitudinally, along a surface, with three levels of deflection causing tensile prestresses on the surface fibers, of 750 MPa, 1100 MPa and 1500 MPa, supported in one support position on the compression side, 150 mm, equidistant from the longitudinal center of the samples, which are made of EN 47 steel (DIN 51CrV4), with dimensions of 15 mm thick, 70 mm width and 1500 mm long. The samples are submitted to quenching, tempering, surface polishing and stress relief processes, with radius of 2500 mm and concavity downwards, and after they are immersed in a tank with mineral and conventional quenching oil compound, then the samples are tempered and the concave surfaces are polished to remove decarburization and took into the furnace to relieve stress caused by the surface polishing process. Next step, the samples are peened, with deflections of
Chiqueti, Cleber Michel, de Almeida Benassi, Adriano, Gomes, Bárbara Miranda, dos Santos, Marcos, de Lima, Alexandre Santana, Rolim, José Ronaldo Agostinho, da Silva, Fernando Vilanova
Technical Paper
Mitigating High Steering Effort in Power Steering Pumps through Manufacturing Process Improvement02-19-01-000308/01/2025
Power steering pumps are the heart of any hydraulic power steering system. They provide the heavy lifting power required in the form of high-pressure fluid flow that is utilized in powered steering gears or steering racks to assist drivers in vehicle maneuvers, specifically in low-speed situations. Failure of the power steering pump will inevitably increase work needed from the driver to steer a vehicle and decrease the driver comfort at the same time. This article covers investigations into a customer return issue, affecting more than 20% of pumps, for one particular failure mode, pump input shaft seal leakage, and how the failure is not caused by failure at the input shaft nor by failure of the input shaft seal. It was found that internal damage to the pump rotating assembly allows high-pressure oil to overcome the input shaft seal sealing effect. The cause of the failure was determined to be rooted in the manufacturing process, which was re-ordered to reduce the failure rate to an
Bari, Praful Rajendra, Kintner, Jason
Journal Article
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - How Simulation is Shaping the Future of Motorsports1352707/24/2025
From driver training to vehicle engineering and strategy development, simulation is no longer just a tool -- it's a competitive advantage. Top racing teams are using simulators to optimize car setups, dramatically cutting down on testing time and maximizing on-track performance. But the impact of simulation goes far beyond the racetrack. With cutting-edge realism and high-bandwidth systems, Dynisma is helping elite drivers stay sharp while accelerating product development for automotive manufacturers. Dynisma Motion Generators (DMGs) create detailed 3-D environments that include driver behavior and environmental factors, and accurately model the physical characteristics of vehicles, such as tire performance and surface interactions. To learn more, we sat down with Simon Holloway, Commercial Director, to discuss how Dynisma's data-driven engineering is revolutionizing simulation in both the motorsport and automotive sectors to enhance performance, safety, and efficiency. We'd love to
Patterson, Lori
Podcast
Effect of Ce and Cr Additions on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloy05-19-02-000907/22/2025
With rising environmental concerns, developing lead-free solders is crucial for sustainable electronics. Traditional lead-based solders, while effective, pose health and environmental risks, prompt a shift to safer alternatives that retain reliability. Sn-9Zn alloys, when alloyed with elements such as cerium (Ce) and chromium (Cr), show enhanced mechanical and thermal properties suited for modern electronics. This study examines the effects of Ce and Cr, and their combination in Sn-9Zn solder alloy, analyzing improvements in microstructure, thermal, wettability, and hardness properties. Microstructural analysis reveals that Ce and Cr additions refine the alloy’s structure, benefiting performance. Wettability testing shows that Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce achieves the lowest wetting angle, while Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce-0.1Cr displays a balanced angle between Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce and Sn-9Zn-0.1Cr. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce has the lowest melting temperature, while Sn
Kumar, Niranjan, Maurya, Ambrish
Journal Article
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 50.5Co - 26Cr - 15Ni - 6.0Mo (Stellite® 30) As-CastAMS5380H (Current)07/22/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Extrusion 2.7Cu - 1.8Li - 0.7Zn - 0.3Mn - 0.3Mg - 0.08Zr (2099-T81) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching 1 to 3% and AgedAMS4459C (Current)07/22/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles (shapes) from 0.375 to 1.300 inches (9.53 to 33.02 mm) in diameter or thickness, produced with cross-sectional area of 22.5 square inches (145 cm2), maximum, and a circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 17.4 inches (44.2 cm), maximum (see 2.4 and 8.8).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Identification Welding Wire, Tab Marking MethodAMS2816W (Current)07/21/2025
This specification covers procedures for tab marking of bare welding wire to provide positive identification of cut lengths and spools.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Material Specification
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 73Ni - 12Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.0Cb (Nb) - 0.70Ti - 0.05C - 6.0Al - 0.010 - 0.10Zr (IN-713 - Low Carbon) Vacuum Cast, As-CastAMS5377H (Current)07/18/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
SAE TOMORROW TODAY UNPLUGGED: What Happens When EV Tax Credits End?1352607/18/2025
The signing of the "Big Beautiful Bill" by President Trump is poised to end both the $7,500 new EV tax credit as well as the $4,000 used EV tax credit on September 30. If these EV tax credits go away, what happens? Do EV sales slow down dramatically? Or do they hold steady? How with automakers and battery manufacturers react? In this Unplugged episode of SAE Tomorrow Today, host Grayson Brulte discusses how the end of EV tax credits could impact new and used EV sales, consumer behavior, and the broader battery manufacturing industry. Have your own thoughts on this topic? We'd love to hear from you! Share your comments, questions or ideas for future topics with Grayson on Twitter or send them to podcast@sae.org. Follow SAE on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Follow host Grayson Brulte on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram.
Patterson, Lori
Podcast
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 62Co - 27Cr - 2.8Ni - 5.5Mo (Stellite® 21) As-CastAMS5385J (Current)07/18/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 54Co - 25.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 7.5W (Stellite® 31) As-CastAMS5382L (Current)07/18/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
O-Ring Machined from AMS3617 MaterialAS9772A (Current)07/17/2025
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings machined from AMS3617 polyamide material. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
O-Ring Molded from AMS7274 MaterialAS3570A (Current)07/17/2025
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings molded from AMS7274 rubber. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
Manufacturing and Inspection Standards for Preformed Packings (O-Rings)AS871B (Current)07/16/2025
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 47.5Ni - 22Cr - 1.5Co - 9Mo - 0.60W - 18.5Fe (Hastelloy® X) As-CastAMS5390H (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Retainers (Backup Rings), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ResinAS8791D (Current)07/16/2025
This specification and part standard specifies polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin material and the dimensional requirements for scarf-cut retainers (backup rings) previously specified by MIL-R-8791 and MIL-R-8791/1. The retainers are intended for use in hydraulic and pneumatic system components as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with seals and O-rings.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
Beryllium Near-Net Preforms, Standard Grade, Hot Isostatic PressedAMS7908F (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers beryllium in the form of bar, rod, tubing, and shapes fabricated from beryllium powder consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (see 8.5).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Material Specification
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5516S (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) and above in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Steel Bars, Forgings and Forging Stock 0.25Mo (0.35 - 0.40C) (SAE 4037) Aircraft QualityAMS6300J (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Material Specification
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 17Cr - 13Ni - 2.5Mo (316L) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5507J (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 18Cr - 8Ni (SAE 301) Cold Rolled, 3/4 Hard, 175 ksi (1207 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5902E (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Stress Relief of Steel PartsAMS2759/11B (Current)07/16/2025
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment in AMS2759, establishes requirements for thermal stress-relief treatments of parts manufactured from the following materials: a Carbon and low-alloy steels b Tool steels c Precipitation-hardening, corrosion-resistant, and maraging steels d Austenitic corrosion-resistant steels e Martensitic corrosion-resistant steels
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Material Specification
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 73Ni - 0.14C - 13Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.3Cb (Nb) - 0.75Ti - 6.0Al - 0.010B - 0.10Zr (IN-713) Vacuum Cast, As-CastAMS5391J (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 30Fe - 21Cr - 20Ni - 20Co - 3.0Mo - 2.5W - 1.0Cb - 0.15N (N-155) As-CastAMS5376J (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant iron alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-O), AnnealedAMS4025P (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate from 0.006 to 3.000 inches (0.15 to 76.20 mm) in thickness, inclusive (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Brazing, Gold-Nickel Alloy Filler MetalAMS2662A (Current)07/16/2025
This specification covers the engineering requirements for producing brazed joints in parts made of steels, iron alloys, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys using gold-nickel alloy filler metal.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Material Specification
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 8740) Aircraft QualityAMS6358M (Current)07/14/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Material Specification
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb (Nb) (Alloy 625) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5869E (Current)07/14/2025
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.33 - 0.38C) (8735) Aircraft QualityAMS6357N (Current)07/14/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Material Specification
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Foil 19Cr - 9.5Ni (304) Cold Rolled, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5501G (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and foil.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Salts, Heat-Treating (for Metals)AMS2821A (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers the procurement of granular heat-treating salts suitable for use in the molten state.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy Plate, 5.7Zn - 2.2Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.22Cr (7475-T7351), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching, and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4202F (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.250 to 4.000 inches (6.35 to 101.60 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Iron-Nickel Alloy, Strip 49Fe - 5.3Cr - 42Ni - 2.5Ti - 0.55Al Solution Heat Treated, Cold Rolled, 10% ReductionAMS5223H (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers an iron-nickel alloy in the form of strip 0.020 to 0.1874 inch (0.51 to 4.760 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Alloy, Corrosion-Resistant, Round Bars 20Cr - 35Ni - 35Co - 10Mo Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted Solution Heat Treated and Work StrengthenedAMS5844K (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy in the form of bars up to 1.75 inches (44.4 mm) in diameter (see 8.2).
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Application of AMS3144 Anodic Electrodeposition PrimerAS8491 (Current)07/09/2025
This standard establishes the recommended requirements for application of AMS3144 anodic electrodeposition primer to aerospace components. Adherence to these requirements will help facilitate satisfactory performance of the applied primer.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Technical Standard
Alloy, Corrosion-Resistant, Round Bars 20Cr - 35Ni - 35Co - 10Mo Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted Solution Heat Treated, Work Strengthened, and AgedAMS5845L (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy in the form of bar up to 1.75 inches (44.4 mm) in diameter (see 8.2).
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.06Ti - 0.10V - 0.18Zr Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally Aged (2219 -T31/-T351)AMS4601B (Current)07/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.020 to 6.000 inches (0.551 to 152.4 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Fittings, 24° Cone Flareless, Fluid Connection, 5000 psiAS4444A (Current)07/07/2025
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for 24° cone flareless fluid connection fittings and nuts and bite type flareless sleeves for use in aircraft fluid systems at an operating pressure of 5000 psi for the fittings and nuts and 3000 psi for the bite type sleeves.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Stiffness of Rubber Grommet by Experimental and FEA Method2025-01-027407/02/2025
Vibration control is most important in automotive applications, and generally, rubbers are used to dampen these vibrations due to their inherent nature and low-cost manufacturing methods. Now, to select a rubber material, Shore hardness is considered in engineering applications, but to additionally control the behaviour, we need to understand its static and dynamic stiffness. These values help to determine the vibration isolation obtained by these rubbers. In this paper, we will discuss methods to calculate the static and dynamic stiffness of rubber grommets using experimental methods and FEA modelling. As elastomers have non-linear material properties, various material modelling techniques in FEA are used to capture multiple phenomena like creep, fatigue, and dynamic conditions. Rubber compounding is used in order to improve the physical and chemical properties, which in turn would give desirable linear characteristics. Certain guidelines and thumb rules are used in the rubber
Khamkar, Prasad Subhash, Gaikwad, Vikrant Chandrakant
Technical Paper
Life-Cycle Assessment of a Composite vs. a Metallic Bipolar Plate for Fuel Cell Applications: More Sustainable while Maintaining Same Performance Standards?2025-01-029807/02/2025
Faced with one of the greatest challenges of humanity – climate change – the European Union has set out a strategy to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 as part of the European Green Deal. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which among other aspects identifies climate change effects, is an important tool to assess the environmental characteristic of sustainable technologies or products to fulfill this ambitious target. In this context, research is presented that examines the ecological sustainability impacts of a metallic vs a composite bipolar plate made of innovative graphite-compound based foils for fuel cell applications. A bipolar plate is a central component of the fuel cell stack to ensure efficiency and durability. For this purpose, a LCA is performed for both bipolar plate materials. This assessment follows the methodology of DIN EN ISO 14040/44 and the EU Product Environmental Footprint framework. Focusing on cradle-to-gate system boundary conditions, the research emphasizes the
van Sloun, Andreas, Schroeder, Benedikt, Kexel, Jannik, Schmitz, Maximilian, Balazs, Andreas, Walters, Marius, Koßler, Silas, Pischinger, Stefan, Joemann, Michael
Technical Paper
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