Browse Topic: Design Engineering and Styling

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Global–Regional Energy Balance Climate Modeling Framework for Country-Level Temperature Projections Based on CO₂ Radiative Forcing2026-24-0021To be published on 09/21/2026
This study presents a computational framework for estimating country-level temperature projections based on global radiative forcing from CO₂ emissions. The methodology integrates a carbon-cycle accumulation module, a logarithmic radiative forcing formulation, and a dynamic one-box energy balance model (EBM) to simulate global mean temperature evolution. Atmospheric CO₂ concentration is computed from cumulative global emissions using an airborne fraction parameter. Radiative forcing is then determined using the established logarithmic relationship between concentration and forcing. The global temperature response is calculated dynamically by solving the transient energy balance equation, incorporating effective heat capacity and climate sensitivity parameters. To regionalize projections without relying on high-resolution General Circulation Models (GCMs), an empirical regional amplification factor is introduced. This coefficient is derived from historical regression between observed
Gutierrez, Marcos, Taco, Diana, Sampietro-Saquicela, Jose, Bermudez-Herrera, Leandro
Adaptive Neural Network Fuel Mass Correction for Structural Model Error Compensation in Diesel Engines with Variable Biodiesel Properties2026-24-0023To be published on 09/21/2026
Compression-ignition engines operating with biodiesel blends often exhibit variability in fuel properties, such as density, viscosity, and cetane number, which can lead to systematic deviations in injected fuel mass when using conventional physics-based models. These deviations can reduce combustion efficiency and increase brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). This study proposes a lightweight neural network–based approach to compensate for structural errors in baseline injection models, using a single-layer perceptron trained on the relative error (delta) between actual and modeled injected mass. By normalizing engine and fuel parameters and introducing a small amount of measurement noise, the network learns to predict a corrective factor that adapts the injected mass to match the desired target under varying fuel conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the neural correction significantly reduces systematic bias: in test cases with intentionally introduced structural error
Gutierrez, Marcos, Taco, Diana, Sampietro-Saquicela, Jose, Bermudez-Herrera, Leandro
Computational Electro-Thermal and Degradation Modeling Framework for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles2026-24-0011To be published on 09/21/2026
This paper presents a mathematical modeling framework for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). The model is implemented using Python. At the cell level, the model describes charge and discharge behavior, state of charge (SOC), terminal voltage, internal resistance losses, and heat generation. An energy balance equation is used to estimate temperature variation during operation. Temperature-dependent resistance and capacity are included to represent nonlinear battery behavior under different load conditions. At the system level, feedback relationships between SOC, temperature, state of health (SOH), and degradation rate are modeled using system dynamics. Battery aging is represented through mathematical functions that relate capacity loss to temperature and usage cycles. This allows simulation of long-term performance under different driving scenarios. The model enables parametric and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the effects of discharge rate, ambient temperature
Gutierrez, Marcos, Taco, Diana
A computational study of high efficiency Wankel rotary engines using a passive pre-chamber2026-24-0001To be published on 09/21/2026
Wankel rotary engines are renowned as compact machines with high power-to-weight ratios, which make them suitable for use as range extenders for battery electric vehicles or as propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles. However, their overall efficiency and emissions still need significant improvement to make them compliant to make them stringent regulations and comparable with classical reciprocating 4-stroke engines. With the aim of improving these shortcomings, this work focuses on the application of a passive pre-chamber in order to enhance the combustion phase and the overall efficiency and emissions of such engines. The study was conducted using CFD methods by implementing numerical models of the commercial AIE 225CS rotary engine in CONVERGE, configured with port fuel injection and fully-premixed gasoline combustion. The engine was extensively tested in a previous project while different CFD models were validated against experimental data in previous studies by the same
Vorraro, Giovanni, Im, Hong G., Turner, James
A bicriteria mathematical programming model for strategic road freight fleet renewal under environmental and economic objectives2026-24-0033To be published on 09/21/2026
Road transport is a major contributor to freight-related greenhouse gas emissions, and its relevance for efforts to decarbonize the transport sector as a whole is increasing. It is by now agreed that decarbonization of road freight will ultimately hinge on a transition away from oil-based fuels, mainly diesel and gasoline, which continue to dominate the sector. However, alternatives to oil span a multitude of technologies, ranging from electricity to biofuels, and entail varying levels and forms of investment. To support the development of informed decarbonization strategies in this context, we describe a bicriteria mathematical programming model for optimizing vehicle replacement decisions in a fleet of trucks to be operated over several years. Given a specification of the initial fleet, the model generates a set of renewal strategies that achieve different tradeoffs between aggregate well-to-wheel emissions and total investment and operation costs. The model captures heterogeneity
Mifrani, Anas, MICHEL, Pierre, Mendes Alves, Breno, Chasse, Alexandre
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Home Strategy for Residential Power Supply Continuity and Load Management2026-24-0026To be published on 09/21/2026
Power supply continuity for household appliances during high-demand peaks or periods of low solar generation remains a critical challenge for modern residential energy systems. Hydrogen-powered Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) offer a compelling solution by extending their role from sustainable mobility to versatile mobile energy storage units. This study investigates the Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operation of a high-performance fuel cell vehicle designed to provide backup power and peak-shaving capabilities in a domestic environment during high-demand or grid overload conditions. To evaluate this integration, a comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation model was developed for a residential microgrid. The system comprises a photovoltaic array, a parallel battery energy storage system, and a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle modeled according to the technical specifications of the Toyota Mirai, equipped with a high-efficiency 128 kW fuel cell stack (330 cells) and a dedicated 5.6 kg hydrogen
Federici, Leonardo, Pistritto, Antonino, Cozzolino, Raffaello
Multi-Level CFD and System Simulation Approach for Optimization of Cooling Circuits in High Power Density Powertrains2026-24-0009To be published on 09/21/2026
This paper presents a CFD-based optimization workflow for the simulation and development of automotive cooling circuits, integrating three-dimensional steady-state analyses with one-dimensional transient modeling. The objective of the activity is to establish a robust methodology that links detailed component-level thermal characterization to system-level dynamic simulations, enabling the assessment of cooling performance under both driving and charging operating conditions. The thermal behavior of the cooling circuit components was first investigated using three-dimensional steady-state simulations performed with Ansys Fluent. For each relevant operating point, the fluid flow and heat transfer were resolved in full 3D, and temperatures were monitored at multiple locations within the components and along the circuit. The steady-state analyses provided spatially resolved temperature fields and heat transfer characteristics for a range of boundary conditions representative of real
Chiappini, Daniele, Tribioli, Laura, Rodionov, Artem
Passive Thermal Management Through Vapor Chamber Integration of a PMSM E-Motor installed on UAV for Urban Mobility Applications2026-24-0010To be published on 09/21/2026
Thermal management represents a critical design aspect for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) employed in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) propulsion systems, where high power density and compact integration lead to significant heat generation. Excessive temperatures may compromise efficiency, reliability, and lifetime, making effective yet lightweight cooling strategies essential. The integration of a vapor chamber is investigated as a fully passive thermal management solution for a commercially available PMSM intended for UAV applications. Unlike active cooling systems, the proposed approach does not require moving parts, external power supply, or additional control devices. The vapor chamber operates through phase-change heat transfer mechanisms, enabling an enanched heat dissipation, exploiting the whole external surface of the vapor chamber; consequently the system naturally adapts to local thermal loads and provides self-regulating behavior without auxiliary components. A
Benedetti, Silvia, Lombardi, Simone, Federici, Leonardo, Chiappini, Daniele
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Direct Injection in a CI Engine2026-24-0004To be published on 09/21/2026
Compression ignition (CI) engines are widely used in the transportation sector due to their high torque and efficiency. However, the current climatic framework limits their application, favouring the adoption of low- and zero-carbon technologies. In this context, hydrogen represents a viable energy source for driving CI engines towards clean combustion. The benefits of hydrogen enrichment in diesel engines have been extensively investigated, particularly in port fuel injection (PFI) configurations. In contrast, the addition of a hydrogen direct injection system within a Common Rail engine remains largely unexplored. In this work, a piezo-actuated outward-opening direct injector fuelled by hydrogen was investigated through a combined experimental and numerical approach. The experimental campaign was conducted on an optically accessible single-cylinder research engine (SCRE), with the injector mounted in the cylinder head. Different injection strategies were explored in terms of duration
Episcopo, Domenico, Rossetti, Salvatore, Mancaruso, Ezio, Saponaro, Gianmarco, Lorusso, Leonardo, Camporeale, Sergio, Laera, Davide
Thermal Management of Pre-Chamber Spark Plugs for the Mitigation of Abnormal Ignition in Hydrogen-Fueled Engines – An Experimental and Numerical Study2026-24-0007To be published on 09/21/2026
The internal combustion engine will continue to contribute to global mobility, particularly when operated with CO₂-neutral or low-carbon fuels. Pre-chamber ignition systems are increasingly investigated to meet future requirements regarding efficiency, emissions, and combustion stability. In combination with hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel, pre-chamber spark plugs enable a significant extension of the lean operating limit while ensuring reliable ignition under demanding boundary conditions. A key development challenge is the thermal management of the pre-chamber spark plug. While the thermal behaviour of conventional production spark plugs is well established, limited knowledge exists for pre-chamber systems. The interaction of chamber geometry, material selection, manufacturing and joining processes, and installation position in the cylinder head strongly influences thermal loading and operational behaviour. Excessive local temperatures may promote knock, pre-ignition, or material
Nenzel, Markus, Alkezbari, Ahmad Anas, Rottenkolber, Gregor
Comparative Analysis of BEV Performance from Simulated Environment and Physical Hardware Platform2026-24-0005To be published on 09/21/2026
The proliferation of simulation environments has accelerated technological progress across various scientific domains by offering a cost-effective and time-efficient framework for data acquisition and analysis. In the automotive sector, high-fidelity modeling of vehicle components and driving scenarios bypasses the logistical constraints associated with hardware procurement and the intensive requirements of large-scale testing infrastructures. However, pre-calibrated or native software models often imply simplified hypotheses, missing relevant aspects of the entire powertrain-to-wheel energy chain. This study presents a comparative analysis of battery performance within a battery electric vehicle (BEV) by synchronizing virtual simulations with experimental hardware at the test bench. The methodology involves the concurrent modeling of the driving environment, the vehicle chassis, and the propulsion system, followed by the execution of identical driving cycles on a physical platform
Sequino, Luigi, Sementa, Paolo, Altieri, Nunzio, Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, Sorrentino, Chiara
A Study on Improvement of the Accuracy of Simulation for Squeal Noise Using Real Contact Friction Interface Model2026-01-0819To be published on 09/14/2026
The brake squeal noise arises from the complex phenomenon of the disc and the friction interface. In fact, even within the same shape of friction material, the noise characteristics vary based on the pattern of the friction interface. However, the current squeal noise simulation does not account for the effects of these friction interfaces; instead, it solely utilizes the friction coefficient and braking pressure to replicate the phenomenon. Consequently, the reliability of the complex eigenvalue analysis results is inevitably compromised. In this study, the complex eigenvalue analysis is conducted by incorporating the actual shape modeling technique of the friction interface, and the validity of the enhanced analysis method is validated through empirical testing. The friction surface modeling technique employed in this study is designed to randomly generate the friction interface of the analytical model by measuring the shape (form, waveform, roughness) of the actual friction surface
HWANG, JAEKEUN, KIM, SUNGHO, Kim, Jeongkyu, Kang, Donghoon
Machine Learning Prediction of Wear of NAO Brake Pad Using Scaled-Down FMVSS 135 Testing2026-01-0808To be published on 09/14/2026
Brake pad lifespan significantly influences environmental pollution and public health due to non-exhaust particulate emissions. Global vehicle production reached approximately 7 billion units in 2025, with brake systems generating an estimated 50,000 to 100,000 metric tons of wear debris annually, underscoring the need for improved durability and material optimization. This study investigates the capability of a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) to predict brake pad wear and support formulation optimization. Controlled experiments were performed using a simplified FMVSS 135 protocol on a Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT) to simulate realistic braking conditions. Wear loss was measured under varying normal loads, sliding velocities, and interface temperatures. An FCNN was selected for its ability to capture nonlinear interactions between operating conditions and tribological responses. Despite a limited but high-quality dataset, the application of data standardization
Katakam, Abhishek, Eslamiat, Hossein, Kancharla, Sai Krishna, Filip, Peter
Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Prediction of Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron Brake Disks Using Advanced Material Models and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics2026-01-0816To be published on 09/14/2026
A comprehensive thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) life prediction methodology is developed for cast iron brake disks. The approach employs transient temperature fields as thermal loads in a nonlinear structural finite-element analysis (FEA). To obtain reliable stress and strain histories for cast iron, a time- and temperature-dependent plasticity model is required that captures viscous effects, nonlinear kinematic hardening, and tension–compression asymmetry. For this purpose, a unified elasto-viscoplastic Chaboche constitutive model coupled with damage is developed and implemented as a user material subroutine (UMAT) in the general-purpose FEA software Abaqus by Dassault Systèmes. In addition, a mechanism-based short-crack TMF model is extended to three-dimensional stress states under transient non-proportional loading conditions for TMF life prediction. The material parameters of the constitutive and the damage models are identified for lamellar graphite cast iron using isothermal and
Lee, Heewook, Garcia, Arnoldo, Liu, Yi, Hazime, Radwan, Boughanmi, Heni, Kassir, Abdallah
Bridging Human Expertise and Machine Intelligence in Chassis System Teardown Evaluation2026-01-0805To be published on 09/14/2026
Teardown evaluation of chassis system components plays a critical role in benchmarking, failure analysis, and competitive product assessment. These inspections rely heavily on experienced engineers who interpret visual defect patterns, material conditions, wear signatures, and manufacturing variations. However, expert driven evaluation processes are often subjective, difficult to standardize, and challenging to scale across global engineering teams. This paper presents a structured AI-assisted expert evaluation framework developed to enhance consistency, preserve institutional knowledge, and enable continuous improvement in chassis component teardown analysis. The proposed system integrates convolutional neural network architectures, including ResNet18 and its variants, into a human in loop inspection workflow. AI models perform initial classification of component images (e.g., OK/not OK and defect subclasses) and provide associated confidence scores. These predictions are presented as
Divakaruni, Saikiran, Vaibhav, Veer, hansen, Scott, Hood, Trevor, Agrawal, Rahul
Precise Simulation and Test Closed-Loop Verification of Drag Torque for Brake Caliper of In-Wheel Electric Motor2026-01-0813To be published on 09/14/2026
Aiming at the industrial pain points of high control difficulty of drag torque, low precision of traditional simulation and lack of authoritative test closed-loop verification for the special brake caliper of in-wheel electric motor, taking the YF3501S73 front brake caliper and YF3502S73 rear brake caliper as the research objects, a high-precision finite element simulation method coupling the nonlinearity of piston seal material with bilateral parallel return springs was proposed, and the simulation boundary conditions were calibrated by finely matching the bench test working conditions. To ensure the authority and engineering practicability of the research results, the drag torque bench test was carried out in strict accordance with QC/T 592-2013 Performance Requirements and Bench Test Methods for Hydraulic Brake Caliper Assemblies, and in alignment with the international brake drag test specifications of SAE J2923 and JASO C448, thus realizing a complete closed loop of simulation
Liu, Yuqi
Physics-Informed Machine Learning Digital Twin of Electro-Mechanical Brakes for Clamp-Force and Friction Estimation2026-01-0806To be published on 09/14/2026
As the industry is rapidly moving towards dry-by-wire architectures, accurate Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) models are increasingly critical for safety-relevant force control, diagnostics, and consistent performance over temperature and lining wear. However, widely used EMB identification methods often rely on linearized models or 'characteristic curve' calibrations that struggle to generalize across operating regions where friction, hysteresis, and compliance are strongly non-linear and temperature sensitive. Prior EMB force-estimation literatures addressed pad contact detection, hysteresis and thermal compensated clamp-force estimation, yet practical accuracy gaps remain during transients and under changing friction signatures. This work proposes a digital twin based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) that preserves the EMB's governing dynamics while learning both (i) physically meaningful parameters- such as effective system inertia, damping, stiffness etc., and (ii) a
Rai, Prakhar, Gadhvi, Tirth
Optimizing Brake Pedal Feel and Driver Comfort in Buses with Pneumatic Braking Systems2026-01-0804To be published on 09/14/2026
Abstract:- Brakes are a critical safety component in vehicles, and every parameter of the braking system plays a vital role in vehicle operation. Among these, brake pedal feel and driver confidence are key factors, in addition to achieving the required brake force, deceleration, and stopping distance. These aspects depend on the system-generated torque, available pneumatic pressure, lining material properties, and Electronic Braking System (EBS) parameters. This paper focuses on the factors influencing brake pedal feel while maintaining a balance between driver comfort and confidence during bus operation. Under optimal braking conditions, brake pedal response and brake torque gradient must align with the driver’s deceleration demands. The braking system must respond promptly, completing the application in the shortest possible duration. The brake torque gradient values specified in the EBS file should be neither too low nor too high, and the brake pedal feel must remain consistent
Pujari, Sachin Subhashrao, Karampurwala, Zoeb, RAJ, AMRITESH
Safe State Definition and Verification for Distributed Multi-Controller EMB Architectures2026-01-0800To be published on 09/14/2026
The Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) system is an essential technology for safe braking in modern vehicles. However, the adoption of multi-controller architectures has introduced new challenges to conventional Safe State strategies. Traditionally, the Safe State defined in functional safety means "function shutdown," and in accordance with ISO 26262 definition, aims for an "operational mode without risks exceeding reasonable levels." However, in the multi-controller architecture of EMB systems, the Fail-Operational Safe State concept is applied, where the system continues to provide limited functions even in the event of faults. It is essential to verify whether such operational modes actually satisfy the safety requirements of ISO 26262. This paper redefines the Safe State according to failure modes in EMB systems, analyzes system state transitions, and presents a coherence analysis methodology for validating the availability of resources required to provide limited functions in the
KIM, KANG SAN
A Virtual Methodology to Define Air Tightness Criterion for Brake Calipers Based on Experimental Data2026-01-0818To be published on 09/14/2026
Air tightness in brake calipers is a critical requirement for ensuring braking system reliability and safety. However, defining a clear and practical analytical criterion for air leakage prediction remains challenging due to the complex contact behavior at the seal–piston interface. This study presents a virtual methodology to define an air tightness criterion for brake calipers based on experimental evaluation and structural analysis. The seal squeeze ratio was selected as the primary design variable to evaluate its effect on sealing performance. Test samples with different seal squeeze ratios were manufactured, and air tightness was tested under controlled pneumatic pressure to determine when leakage occurred. In parallel, a finite element (FE) structural analysis was conducted to simulate the seal installation process and quantify the resultant contact pressure distribution between the seal and the piston surface. To support reliable structural analysis, preliminary experiments were
Cho, Inyong, Kim, Beomseok
Modeling Brake Torque Hysteresis for Chassis Controls Hardware In the Loop Simulation2026-01-0824To be published on 09/14/2026
It is hardly a new trend for on road, vehicle intensive tuning and testing of chassis control features such as Anti-Lock Brakes, Traction Control, and Electronic Stability Control to move away from vehicle testing and towards non-vehicle test platforms such as Hardware-In the Loop (HIL) simulations and even further into pure math-based simulations. However, a significant acceleration of these activities has been occurring recently in the automotive industry, reducing or eliminating calibration time on vehicles and amplifying the demand for highly representative, non-vehicle test platforms to calibrate and even to validate chassis controls features. In current state of the air HIL simulation, the input (brake pressure) to output (brake torque) of each wheel brake in a vehicle’s brake system is modeled relatively simplistically, including at most pressure and brake temperature sensitivities, usually in lookup table form. Each brake corner contains over 20 different friction interfaces
Antanaitis, David, Ridenour, Nick, Miller, Bryan, Karnjate, Timothy
Lightweight Optimization Design of Subframe Structure Based on Sensitivity Analysis2026-99-1639To be published on 07/24/2026
In order to meet the needs of national energy conservation and environmental protection policies, a typical chassis structure lightweight method based on sensitivity analysis of 13 strength conditions was proposed. Firstly, the finite element model of the subframe of a certain model is established, and the impact strength and static strength of the subframe structure are analyzed by the finite element method. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis of 13 strength conditions was carried out for the 12 main sheet thicknesses in the finite element model. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the plate thickness of the components that is conducive to lightweight and has little impact on the 13 strength conditions of the subframe was selected as the design variable. The size optimization was carried out with the goal of minimizing the mass of the subframe and the constraint that the maximum Von Mises stress of the unit, where each material is located, did not exceed the yield
Jing, Min, Jia, Zhilong, Zhang, Hualei, Liu, Minjie, Gan, Xinhua, Gao, Jinyu
A Virtual-Physical Mapping Model for Aluminum Alloy Pitting Corrosion2026-99-1611To be published on 07/24/2026
Corrosion critically damages structural strength and affects the structural safety, so there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately model and predict corrosion. Digital twin technology offers new methodologies for corrosion research. This study develops a digital twin-enabled virtual-reality mapping model for simulating aluminum alloy pitting corrosion. The model accounts for the effect of temperature on corrosion and establishes temporal correlations between field conditions and simulations through damage factor (DF) analysis coupled with detailed fatigue rating (DFR) methodology. Experimental validation using 7A04 aluminum specimens confirms the model’s reliability, with maturity analysis demonstrating its applicability in aircraft corrosion research. Through numerical simulation methods, this study simulates the evolutionary law of pitting corrosion development, reflecting the level of structural pitting corrosion damage. This investigation establishes a fundamental
Lv, Shengli, Liu, Chenglong, Sun, Jingjue
Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Variable Space Parallel Mechanism2026-99-1638To be published on 07/24/2026
To obtain additional space for industrial sorting and assembly line labeling operations, this study conducts an analysis of the four-bar mechanism. Based on this analysis and combination, the redundant parallel mechanism is introduced. That is, on the basis of the traditional parallel mechanism with central rotation, the objective of expanding the working space is achieved. The degree of freedom of the screw theory and the disparities between the working space of this mechanism and that of the traditional mechanism are analyzed. Finally, through application analysis, it is demonstrated that the working space of this mechanism is variable and that the mechanism can adapt to diverse workplaces.
Li, Wenqian, Zhang, Xiaojie
Advanced Predictive Modeling of Pipeline Settlement in Rectangular Pipe Jacking Tunneling using Hybrid Deep Learning Techniques: A PSO-LSTM-Self Attention Approach2026-99-1648To be published on 07/24/2026
Nowadays, as computer technology makes quick progress, innovative algorithms like deep learning are getting used more and more in underground engineering and lots of other fields. When working on rectangular pipe jacking tunnel projects, accurately predicting the magnitude of pipeline settlement is really key to keeping the work moving smoothly. But traditional ground settlement prediction methods mainly rely on empirical formulas and numerical simulation software. When applied to tunnels with complex geometries, though, these methods usually don’t work as well as needed. To fix this problem, our study came up with a new model called PSO-LSTM-Self-Attention Mechanism (shortened to PSO-LSTM-SAM), specifically designed to predict pipeline settlement caused by rectangular pipe jacking work. This model takes the data collected from construction monitoring and uses that as the input for time series modeling work. That allows for in-depth analysis of real-time settlement data, and as a
Chen, Yi, Weng, Xiaoxuan, Zhang, Hong, Li, Yongsuo, Hu, Da
Research on the Hysteresis Performance of Welded Hollow Spherical Joints under Low Temperature2026-99-1641To be published on 07/24/2026
The extreme cold environment has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of welded hollow ball nodes, which are crucial components in large-span steel structures. In this paper, based on the comprehensive test data of drum-shaped welded hollow sphere nodes from Beijing Daxing International Airport, a sophisticated finite element model incorporating welding residual stress is established. Through detailed static loading analysis and systematic hysteresis performance studies, the research thoroughly explores the influence mechanisms of low temperature on node bearing capacity, deformation capability, and energy dissipation performance. The investigation reveals that while the bearing capacity of the nodes increases significantly in low-temperature environments, both their plastic deformation capacity and energy consumption performance are notably reduced. These findings provide valuable theoretical references for the design and optimization of large-span mesh frame structures
Luo, Yanzhi, Jin, Changming
Research and Application of Flush Adjustment for Multi-Link Retractable Hatch2026-99-1620To be published on 07/24/2026
The adjustment process for multi-link retractable hatches has long relied on personal experience, making it difficult to achieve precise and quantitative length adjustments. This limitation has consistently constrained the efficiency of the adjustment process. This paper aims to analyze the risks and shortcomings in the existing flush adjustment process, simplify the flush adjustment process into a mathematical model, and calculate the required adjustment amount of the actuator length. By simplifying the flush adjustment process and steps, the risk associated with the adjustment process can be reduced, and the efficiency of door step difference adjustment can be improved.
Deng, Qinwen, Shen, Yingdong, Wang, Zhihai, Li, Yixiao, Wei, Xingxu, Gao, Haosen
Dynamic and Static Optimization Design of Car-seat Structure2026-99-1614To be published on 07/24/2026
A car seat is one of the most critical components of passive safety. On the basis of the safety of car seats, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the seat frame and achieving a lightweight design under various dynamic and static loading conditions. The optimization results are verified through physical experiments, which demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed design method. These experiments also provide research ideas for the optimization design of the seat structure and a certain reference value for the engineering application of the seat.
Shao, Youlin, Ni, Weiyu, Chen, Daojiong
Structural Fatigue Life Prediction and Safety Performance Evaluation of Adjustable-Angle Dental Implants2026-99-1654To be published on 07/24/2026
Adjustable-angle dental implants are favored by many patients due to the advantages they provide, such as high chewing force, aesthetics, comfort, and no harm to the adjacent teeth. This paper proposes a finite element modeling method for adjustable-angle dental implants by changing the material used for manufacturing the implants and predicting the life span of the dental implants with the help of Pro/E and ANSYS Workbench software, which provides biomechanical data reference for the selection of new implant parameters for industrial production and clinical use. The results show that the structural life of the implant is almost 764 years for pure titanium, 821 years for Ti6Al4v, and 1,274 years for βTi. From the analysis of the safety factor diagrams of the structures, it can be obtained that the smallest safety factor of the entire implant system occurs in the part where the abutment and the connection are in contact with each other during loading. In contrast, the smaller safety
Gu, Wei, Cheng, Siyuan, Liao, Jifei
Analysis and Experimental Research on The Impact of the BangBang Valve Switch on the Flow Rate of the Storage and Supply System2026-99-1615To be published on 07/24/2026
This article focuses on a wide range of high-precision storage and supply systems. Under the rated flow rate of 2.928 mg / s of the proportional flow controller, the instantaneous flow fluctuation range of the BangBang valve reaches 2.963 mg / s, exceeding the control accuracy requirement of 1% for the proportional flow controller. By establishing mathematical models of the BangBang valve, proportional valve, and proportional flow controller for simulation analysis, the trend of the simulation results is consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, considering the spatial layout and weight of the storage and supply system, this paper proposes a method to improve the accuracy of flow output by adding 180 mL of air capacity between the proportional valve and the proportional flow controller. Ultimately, the maximum flow fluctuation of the proportional flow controller at the moment of the BangBang valve opening and closing is 2.941 mg / s, which meets the control accuracy of the
Li, Zhong, Yan, Zelong, Huang, Tiankun
Research on Magnetic Measurement and Evolution Characterization of Fatigue Damage in Ferromagnetic Materials2026-99-1651To be published on 07/24/2026
To address the detection and monitoring needs of fatigue damage in ferromagnetic materials, this paper proposes a nondestructive testing method based on the evolution of magnetic hysteresis characteristics. By constructing a hysteresis loop measurement system, the variation patterns of coercivity (Hc) in Q235 steel specimens under cyclic loading were investigated, revealing three-phase characteristics of fatigue damage: the initial linear growth phase (N ≤ 8,000), the rapid rise phase (8,000 < N ≤ 12,000), and the stable oscillation phase (N > 12,000). Experimental results demonstrate that the relationship between coercivity and damage degree (D) can effectively characterize the processes of crack initiation, propagation, and instability, with significant inflection points observed at D = 0.6 and D = 0.8. The quantitative model based on coercivity provides a novel method for early warning and condition assessment of fatigue damage, offering advantages such as non-contact operation and
Chen, Li, Ding, Keqin
Research on the Damage Behavior of the Aluminum Alloy Nozzle Closure in Solid Rocket Motor during the Bursting Process2026-99-1612To be published on 07/24/2026
When the aluminum alloy closure of the solid rocket motor nozzle is opened, tearing occurs at the root of the adhesive surface, which belongs to damage failure under a complex stress state. To help in the prediction and control of blasting pressure and nozzle closure failure morphology, this work designed and manufactured various shapes of 1060 aluminum alloy test specimens, performed damage tests, and calibrated the damage constitutive model parameters. The results gathered were utilized to create a finite element model of the nozzle aluminum alloy closure, and the blasting procedure was calculated. We conducted air pressure explosive tests on closures to confirm the finite element results. The numerical predictions and experimental results are very consistent, and the closure breaks along the adhesive surface. The constitutive characteristics obtained during material testing accurately characterize the closure’s damage process, providing a theoretical framework for the design and
Jia, Kai, Li, Weinan
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Machine Learning Framework for Enhanced Prediction of Ground Settlement during Rectangular Pipe Jacking2026-99-1647To be published on 07/24/2026
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Hu, Shiwei, Hu, Rong, Zhang, Hong, Chen, Yi, Hu, Da
Numerical Study of Structures for a Next-Generation Supersonic Transport2026-99-1626To be published on 07/24/2026
Because of the increasing requirement for frequent international traveling, developing a new generation of supersonic transport is critical for commercial aviation. The typical features of supersonic transport are a large swept-back wing and thin airfoil, potentially causing excessive tip deflection and triggering aeroelastic divergence. Hence, conducting evaluation, analysis, and optimization of the structures of an SST is essential. This study applied the finite element method to investigate the wing and fuselage structures under aerodynamic loads during cruise for a next-generation supersonic transport aircraft. Deformations and stress contributions were analyzed, showing the feasibility of the structure design and the stress concentration zones requiring reinforcement in the detailed design. Structural optimizations were also conducted, yielding significant weight reduction.
Ding, Menglong, Xu, Zhaoyang, Wang, Yongqiang, Meng, Li, Tan, Jiaxin, Xuan, Jinting, Bie, Dawei, Shao, Lintao
Experimental Study on The Parameters of the Viscoelastic-Plastic Constitutive Model of a Certain Solid Propellant2026-99-1604To be published on 07/24/2026
The mechanical behavior of a certain solid propellant is not only obviously related to time, temperature, and load loading history, but also is a viscoelastic plastic material under certain conditions. Based on the principle of creep deformation superposition, the strain of the solid propellant material is decomposed into a viscoelastic part and a viscoplastic part, and the nonlinearity of the viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model is manifested by the introduction of nonlinear coefficients. According to the characteristics of the viscoelastic-plastic model of the solid propellant material, the relevant tests were designed. The viscoplastic parameters were determined by using the creep recovery test data of multiple cycles until the failure of the propellant material sample. The viscoelastic parameters of the solid propellant material were obtained by using the data from recovery tests performed under different stress conditions.
Zhang, Jianbin, Sui, Jiuling, Yao, Baotai, Cheng, Dong, Li, Yiming
Seepage Detection in the Sealed Cabin of a Certain Type of Aircraft Based on an Enhanced Channel Attention Mechanism2026-99-1628To be published on 07/24/2026
With the advancement of the aviation industry, aircraft safety is a priority as closed cavities are susceptible to water infiltration during flight, which can lead to short circuits and operational problems. The current standard manual inspection is inefficient. Our paper describes an industrial vision inspection method that combines an enhanced channel attention mechanism with YOLOV9. 3,000 images generated by aircraft water penetration are replicated in a simulated environment, expanded to 6,000 by data enhancement techniques such as rotation and flipping, and then accurately annotated with targets for model training and validation. Feature extraction was improved on the standard YOLOV9 framework by adapting its weighting strategy to improve the SELayer channel attention mechanism to emphasize specific features of water infiltration. Experiments show a 4.7% improvement in accuracy on our dataset, with a single-frame inference time of 23 ms, which meets real-time requirements. This
Ye, Kaiyuan, Miao, Jun, Wang, Jianqiao, Huang, Yu, Lu, Panna
Research on Early Warning Mechanisms for Fastener Substitution in Aircraft Production2026-99-1624To be published on 07/24/2026
This research overcomes the serious problem of unregulated fastener substitution in aviation manufacturing, which is due to supply chain disruption, design modification, improved production, and permanent installation of substitute fasteners other than temporary installation substitutes. It can introduce potential risks, including the differences between designed and as-built configurations, and problems with the structural strength of parts. Analysis of a 20XX aircraft model that has been documented with 9 types of fasteners reveals that shortages of 4CE5 and 1CD6 remain constant manufacturing nonconformities and a major element causing long term quality erosion. We have developed an early warning system centered on data with the introduction of the Tolerable Substitution Ratio (TSR) and the non-substitution ratio (NSR). Empirical results show that after implementation, the substituted materials can save as much as 25%, which is approximately $534,000 on domestic sourcing costs and
Feng, Yu
Accurate Control of Refueling Volume for a New Type of Oil Change Device in the Reducer of Tobacco Machinery Equipment2026-99-1618To be published on 07/24/2026
In order to achieve precise control of refueling volume, improve oil change efficiency, reduce oil pollution and waste, a new oil change device for the reducer of the range hood equipment is studied. We design a new oil change device that integrates oil discharge and refueling functions based on the operating characteristics of the reducer in the range hood equipment. Using the rotational speed of the power pump and the flow rate of the oil pipeline as variables, we determine the refueling flow rate using a one-dimensional quadratic formula. Based on direct control theory, we optimize the relative position parameters of each component of the device, establish a control matrix, and achieve precise control. The experimental results show that the new oil change device exhibits good performance during both one-time oil discharge and refueling processes, meeting the precise control standards for refueling volume. The design and application of a new oil change device can effectively improve
He, Pengtao, Wei, Bo, Liang, Zhiyuan, Deng, Weiren, Liang, Wenbin, Xing, Yuquan
Research on the Precision of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy Plate Incremental Forming Assisted by Electric Pulse2026-99-1606To be published on 07/24/2026
This paper introduces the electroplastic effect into the sheet metal incremental forming process, using 2A12 aluminum alloy as the research material. An orthogonal experiment was designed, and the results were analyzed using range analysis and matrix analysis methods. The influence of electric current, frequency, and traditional incremental forming parameters on the forming accuracy of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheets was investigated. The results show that the introduction of pulse current can improve the forming accuracy of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheet. And within a certain range, as the electric current increases, the geometry accuracy of the part is significantly improved. Based on two accuracy indicators—average springback amount and springback angle, a comprehensive analysis determined that the optimal forming parameters are electric current 375 A, feed rate 600 mm/min, step size 0.6 mm, tool diameter 12 mm, and current frequency 400 Hz.
Pan, Fei, Zhao, Quanguang, Huang, Xu, Fang, Jinxiu
Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Canard Configuration Missile Influenced by Aileron2026-99-1610To be published on 07/24/2026
The canard configuration has been widely adopted in short-range missiles. However, its main drawbacks include difficulties in roll control and a limited angle-of-attack (AoA) range. Compared to conventional canard missiles, the addition of a pair of control surfaces (referred to as “aileron”) behind the canard control surfaces achieves decoupling between the roll channel and pitch-yaw channel. To investigate the influence of ailerons on the aerodynamic characteristics of canard configuration missiles, numerical simulations were conducted for two typical flow conditions: subsonic (Mach 0.5) and supersonic (Mach2.0). The results show that the introduction of ailerons increases the normal force of missiles, causes the center of pressure to shift forward, and reduces the static stability of missiles, thus enhancing their maneuverability. When the ailerons control the roll channel, the effectiveness of the rolling moment remains consistent over the entire AoA range without adverse effects
Zhang, Zilun, Xu, Jiasheng, Mei, Zhiwei
Research on the Application of Eddy Current Retarders in Aircraft Arresting Systems2026-99-1621To be published on 07/24/2026
At present, the aircraft arresting system in our country is the fixed water turbine type. This kind of equipment cannot achieve the arrestment of multiple aircraft types, and the arresting distance cannot be adjusted. According to these problems of the aircraft arresting system in our country, the eddy current retarding device is added, based on the water turbine braking device of the aircraft arresting system. It derives the differential equation for an aircraft arresting system with a water turbine brake and eddy current retarder using mathematical modeling. Four types of aircraft parameters are selected, and MATLAB is used as a simulation tool to verify the reliability of the arresting system after installing the eddy current retarder. This research can improve the arresting support ability and make the arresting device meet the arresting requirements of different types of aircraft.
Wei, Yan, Feng, Chunchun, Wang, Jianwu, Li, Binghong, Yang, Yang
Alignment Control of an Aerial Wireless Power Transmission Device2026-99-1622To be published on 07/24/2026
With the development of battery technology and wireless power transmission technology, their applications in the aviation field have broad prospects. Alignment control is the key to achieving wireless power transmission in the air. This paper first establishes a mathematical model for the proposed wireless power transmission device, decomposes and simplifies it to obtain a controlled object model that is more suitable for the algorithm in this paper. Aiming at the accuracy of alignment control in the task, a fused dynamic inverse algorithm with feedforward optimization was designed step by step and verified through simulation. In the simulation, typical application scenarios were designed in combination with the requirements of wireless power transmission technology. The results show that compared with the general dynamic inversion algorithm and differential feedback-fused dynamic inverse algorithm, better alignment control effects have been achieved, and this algorithm can achieve
Tan, Xudong, Hei, Wenjing, Lei, Yidi
Design and Application of A Pressure Measurement System Based on Spacecraft Chemical Propellant Engine Plume Test2026-99-1623To be published on 07/24/2026
Spacecraft with chemical propellant engines, especially spacecraft for exploring extraterrestrial objects, need to carry out plume tests on the ground in order to determine the influence of engine plumes on spacecraft. An important purpose of the plume test is to accurately measure the pressure field in key parts of the spacecraft. In this paper, according to the pressure measurement requirements of the spacecraft plume test, the design of a pressure measurement system is carried out, which mainly includes a pressure measurement sensor, a pressure difference measurement sensor, a pipeline, a cable, a measuring instrument, a data acquisition instrument, upper measurement software, and so on. The designed pressure measurement system was successfully applied to the plume impact test of Chang'e VII, which provided important technical support for the development of the spacecraft.
Wu, Yue, Guo, Qinliang, Wu, Dongliang, Liu, Xiaoning, Tao, Dongxing, Lin, Boying, Xie, Zheng, Wei, Xi, Niu, Tong
Optimization Design and Performance Verification Method of Antiaircraft Gun Fuze2026-99-1630To be published on 07/24/2026
In order to ensure that the high-caliber artillery ammunition fuses can successfully complete their combat tasks with high quality, it is necessary to optimize the design of their structure and conduct simulation verification of their performance. Through optimization design, this paper determined that the distance between the antenna plate and the wind cap of the proximity detonation module of the high-caliber artillery ammunition fuse is 6.2mm, and the thickness of the wind cap top is 12.9mm; it also determined that in the coaxial line feeding mode, a circular patch is used as the antenna shape, with the lowest return loss (reaching -38.5244 dB), which is conducive to the emission of electromagnetic wave energy; by introducing the methods and processes of intensity simulation analysis and aerodynamic thermal simulation analysis, as well as the methods of performance verification, this paper provides reference and guidance for the simulation analysis of similar systems.
Liu, Liwen, Sun, Zhangyi, Ning, Quanli, Cai, Canwei
Trajectory Optimization for Micro Air Vehicle with Multiple Constraints2026-99-1632To be published on 07/24/2026
This study aims to solve the trajectory optimization problem of multi degree of freedom micro air vehicle (MAV) with the aim of improving its flight performance through technological innovation. A multi degree of freedom trajectory optimization (MDFTO) method with sideslip angle and angle of attack as the core control variables was proposed for multiple complex constraints in combat environment, such as terminal accuracy and overload limitation. This method can more accurately characterize and adapt the strong nonlinear, dynamic coupling and time varying characteristics of the MAV in high-speed maneuvering flight. In order to solve this MDFTO problem with multiple constraints and strong nonlinear characteristics efficiently, the hp adaptive pseudospectral method is used in this study, and is verified by simulations based on the GPOPS-II optimization platform. The algorithm has the advantages of highly accurate discrete state and control variables, efficient processing of path and
An, Zhichao, Ming, Chao, Wen, Guangbao
Integrated Guidance and Control Design Based on Sliding Mode Control Theory2026-99-1633To be published on 07/24/2026
In order to meet the demand for missile miniaturization and simplify the system complexity, this paper designs a guidance control integration method according to sliding mode control based on the longitudinal plane motion model, which is combined with the theory of sliding mode control. The design realizes tracing of attack angle to line-of-sight angle through sliding mode control of the outer loop, and the tracking of the control volume rudder deflection angle to the virtual control volume angle of attack through the sliding mode control of the inner loop. The stability of the guidance law is also verified by the Lyapunov function. The simulation results show that the guidance law can hit the target successfully, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the design method.
Bai, Jiajun, Ming, Chao, An, Zhichao, Niu, Zhaoqi, Wen, Guangbao
Calculation and Test on Ultimate Burst Strength of Tubing2026-99-1605To be published on 07/24/2026
Tubing Ultimate burst strength Full scale test
Cheng, Wenjia, Yang, Hongbin, Ge, Yuan, Zhong, Chongdi, Meng, Lingkun, Ji, Bingyin, Shi, Jiaoqi
Fatigue Life Analysis of Diesel Engine Filter Seat under Random Vibration Condition2026-99-1656To be published on 07/24/2026
3.067
Gu, Kexuan, Zhu, Yi, Xie, Liang, Wang, Wei
Analysis of the Cause of Knocking Noise in a Marine Dual-Power Dual-Branch Transmission Gear System2026-99-1650To be published on 07/24/2026
This study investigates the knocking noise phenomenon in a marine dual-power dual-branch transmission gear system. Vibration mechanisms are analyzed, and potential failure modes are assessed. System vibration data were evaluated using time-domain and frequency-domain methods. Results show that overall vibration levels remained within acceptable limits, with no indication of imminent failure. Physical inspection confirmed that the shaft, gears, bearings, housing, and installation met specifications, with no observed performance degradation or structural damage. By correlating noise occurrence with vessel loading conditions, a strong relationship was identified among gear transmission torque, the power distribution ratio between high-and low-pressure turbines, and the onset of knocking. Specifically, under low-load conditions, uneven power and torque distribution among the four gear branches led to insufficient loading on the low-pressure side. This light-load state induced instability
Gu, Chengzhong, Xu, Hanwei, Luo, Rirong, Ren, Fushan
Optimization of Turbine Discrete Noise by Non-Uniformly Distributed Blade Design2026-99-1617To be published on 07/24/2026
The Mellin non-uniformly distributed moving blade method was adopted to conduct CFD numerical analysis and sample experimental tests on the axial-flow turbines before and after optimization using the uniformly distributed and non-uniformly distributed design methods, respectively. In the original design, five blades were evenly distributed in the 360° circumferential direction, and the non-uniformly distributed angles were 46°, 102°, 46°, 83°, and 83°. CFD numerical analysis shows that due to the low rotational speed of the turbine and the absence of a sealing structure at the blade tip, factors such as tip noise leakage and backflow have little impact, and the flow field pulsation is mainly caused by the blades themselves. The non-uniformly distributed design can significantly enhance the work-doing capacity of the blades. At 90% of the blade height, the torque can be increased by up to 60%, but at the same time, the axial force on the blades also increases accordingly. Near 80% - 90
Wu, Aiping, Ma, Tianli, Wang, Shiming, Ding, Chengling
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