Browse Topic: Chassis

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Design optimization of jounce bumper support ring based on RWUP loading2026-26-0514To be published on 01/16/2026
Title: Challenges faced during design and manufacturing of POM (Polyoxymethylene) ring in Macpherson strut suspension. Abstract: Designing and manufacturing a POM (Polyoxymethylene) ring for a MacPherson strut suspension system brings a unique set of challenges due to the high-performance and durability demands for Indian road application. POM ring along with bump used in the shock absorber is designed to absorb the strong shock coming from the road inputs when suspension travel reached to the maximum limit there by absorbing the impact energy and preventing it from transferring it to the body. A bump stopper for a suspension of a vehicle is made of poly urethane (PU) and POM ring (Polyoxymethylene). The bump stopper forms of a bellows shape during the absorption of impact energy. Bellow or wrinkle in which concaves and convexes are repeated is formed on the outer surface of the bump stopper. POM ring is placed in the concaves of bump stopper which will define load, deflection
Koritala, Ashok Kumar, Malekar, Amit, kulkarni, Purushottam, S, SIVASHANKAR, Mishra, Harshit, Ganesh, Mohan Selvakumar, Patnala, Avinash, J, Ramkumar, NAYAK, Bhargav, M, Sudhan
Agricultural tractor brake linkage efficiency prediction and correlation using Flexible Multibody Dynamics model2026-26-0103To be published on 01/16/2026
In agricultural tractors, braking actuation is usually done through control linkages consisting of a series of connected four-bar linkages with multiple pivots from the pedal to the brake pads. The quality of force transmission is critical as it directly affects the braking performance of the tractor. Forces measured at the end of the control linkage or brake pull rod often show deviation with theoretically-based mechanical advantage calculations. This is due to various factors such as linkage transmission angle, elasticity, and friction in joints not considered, which contribute to loss in force transfer. A standardized simulation method needs to be developed and validated to predict the losses in the control linkage system. In this paper, the author proposes a simulation approach using multi-body dynamics, which includes contribution factors such as transmission angle, linkage elasticity, and friction in joints. MBS model for brake linkage system for three different tractors
Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, Nizampatnam, Balaramakrishna, Redkar, Dinesh, Arun, G, K, Vinoth, R, Sengottu, Paulraj, Lemuel
Static Rollover Stability Analysis of Heavy Tipper vehicle2026-26-0090To be published on 01/16/2026
Heavy tipper vehicles are primarily utilized for transporting ores and construction materials. These vehicles often operate in challenging locations, such as mining sites, riverbeds, and stone quarries, where the roads are unpaved and characterized by highly uneven elevations in both the longitudinal and lateral directions of vehicle travel. During the unloading process, the tipper bodies are raised to significant heights, which increases the vehicle's centre of gravity, particularly if the payload material does not discharge quickly. Such conditions can lead to tipper rollover accidents, causing severe damage to life and substantial vehicle breakdowns. To analyse this issue, a study is conducted on the vehicle design parameters affecting the rollover stability of a 35-ton GVW tipper using multi-body simulations in ADAMS software. The tilt table test was simulated to determine the table angle at which wheel lift occurs. Initially, simulations are performed with the rigid body model
Vichare, Chaitanya Ashok, Patil, Sudhir, Gupta, Amit
Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies to minimize torque Steer phenomenon for FWD vehicles during the vehicle development2026-26-0097To be published on 01/16/2026
Born Electric SUVs is gaining immense popularity due to enhanced ride and handling characteristics, advanced tech features elevating both performance and customer experience to an elite standard. Due to the platform constraints, the vehicle adopts a Front Wheel Drive (FWD) layout with a rear twist beam configuration, housing the electric motor at the front to deliver drive torque directly to the front wheels. Torque steer is a phenomenon often found in FWD cars, which can be unsettling to a driver where the steering wheel could be pulled hard to one side when there is aggressive throttle input potentially leading to deviation of the vehicle from its desired path. In contrast to internal combustion engines (ICEs), electric motors provide an instantaneous torque, something that can worsen torque steer if not well addressed. However, torque steer remains a key concern, with high torque output of electric motors especially for a front wheel drive vehicle. This paper introduces a
PRABHAKARA RAO, VAGEESH, Wankhade, Krishna, Thakur, Pragyesh, Rasal, Shraddhesh, Asthana, Shivam
Systematic Study To Understand And Resolve Brake Pull In Commercial Vehicles Using Simulation And Proving Ground Tests2026-26-0083To be published on 01/16/2026
In traditional commercial vehicles with leaf spring suspension and Recirculating Ball Joint (RCBT) steering systems often experience undesirable pulling due to unsymmetrical steering mechanism during braking, especially when the suspension and steering hardpoints are not properly tuned. This study investigates the causes behind such pulling behavior, specifically focusing on brake steer and bump steer, which occur due to misalignments in the suspension and steering geometries. Brake steer happens when the braking forces generate a torque, causing the vehicle to pull towards one side. On the other hand, bump steer refers to the unwanted changes in the wheel alignment when the suspension undergoes travel, leading to instability or unintended steering input. These two phenomena, if not controlled, can result in undesirable vehicle handling, especially under heavy braking conditions. The study aims to understand and quantify these mechanisms, providing insights into how they can be
Pandhare, Vinay Ramakant, M, Anantha Padmnabhan, NIZAMPATNAM, BALARAMAKRISHNA, Londhe, Abhijit, Doundkar, Vikas
Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Engine Brake System using Chassis Dynamometer2026-26-0511To be published on 01/16/2026
Engine braking is a deceleration technique that leverages the internal friction and pumping losses within the engine. By closing the throttle and potentially selecting a lower gear, the engine creates a retarding force that slows the vehicle. This practice contributes to better fuel economy, decreased brake system load, and improved vehicle handling in specific driving scenarios, such as steep declines or slippery road surfaces. To alleviate stress on their primary braking systems and prevent overheating, heavy vehicles frequently incorporate engine-based braking. While older trucks relied on simple exhaust brakes with a butterfly valve to restrict exhaust flow, these had limited impact. Hence contemporary heavy vehicles almost exclusively use more advanced engine braking technologies. Traditionally, our heavy-duty vehicles use Exhaust brake system to elevate the braking performance on hilly terrains. Hence an improved sample of Engine brake was developed for enhanced braking
M, Vipin Prakash, Rajappan, Dinesh Kumar, R, Suresh, N, Gopi Kannan
Smart Stability: Dual-Mode Hill Hold and Parking Brake Strategy in Electric Tractors Using Motor Torque and Electro-Hydraulic Actuation2026-26-0205To be published on 01/16/2026
Operating tractors on Sloped Terrains presents safety challenges, especially during shuttle operations, loader use, or start-stop maneuvers at slopes. Unlike Diesel Counterparts, feedback from the prime mover (Motor) is minimal and silence often masks terrain feedback. Driver response tends to vary, leading to rollback & challenges to safety demanding skill & expertise for safe operation. Based on field observations across Mahindra tractor platforms, we identified start-stop maneuver task to be offloaded from the operator to improve control and consistency and take skill element out of picture. This paper outlines the approach derived based on dual-mode Hill Hold and Parking Brake system, developed using traction motor torque control and SAHR-based hydraulic braking via proportional valves. The VCU works at the heart of this system to dynamically choose between electric and hydraulic modes based on vehicle state, ignition, and motor conditions. Parking brake automation logic has been
M, Rojer, T, Ganesan, P, Velusamy, Natarajan, Saravanan, V, MATHANKUMAR, tripathi, Shankar, narni, Kiran, Haldorai, Rajan, devakumar, Kiran
Advance techniques to optimize Variable Gear Ratio steering for high Centre of Gravity vehicles.2026-26-0086To be published on 01/16/2026
High center of gravity (CG) and moderate Wheel track vehicles such compact SUVs has comparatively low static stability factor (SSF). Making them unstable and highly susceptible for rollover. On the top of that, to enhance the ease of maneuverability in densely populated areas, it is required to have a minimal turning circle diameter (TCD). To do so, variable gear ratio (VGR) steering stands superior to conventional constant gear ratio (CGR) steering, benefiting in both improved roll stability and agility to manoeuvre in compact spaces. To fine-tune VGR steering for specific vehicle requirements, Driver-in-the-Loop (DIL) simulation is used. This method allows for precise adjustments based on real-world driving conditions, ensuring the VGR steering C-factor curve is optimized for ideal vehicle handling performance in on-center, off-center, and transition regions of the steering wheel angle (SWA). Metrics such as SWA gradient at different lateral accelerations and C-factor transitions for
Rewale, Pratik, Kopiec, Jakub, Kumar, Deva, Rasal, Shraddhesh, Hussain, Inzamam, Nehal, S B
Driver-in-the-Loop Optimization of Tire-Vehicle Dynamics using Virtual Tire Development approach through CD Tire Models2026-26-0099To be published on 01/16/2026
This study provides a virtual development process using VI-Grade Driving Simulator and Adams simulation integrating CD tire models to modify all-terrain tire performance for an altered and new proposed version of an existing production vehicle. The proposed alteration introduces ride height changes, weight distribution changes, and centre of gravity changes from existing vehicle design. The proposed new vehicle variant also introduces tire change from highway terrain type to all-terrain type as it was intended to deliver some off-roading capabilities, thereby vehicle dynamics and kinematics recalibration & tuning required. The conventional development cycles through physical prototypes are time-consuming and expensive. Alternatively, this solution combines high-fidelity tire simulation, driver-in-the-loop (DIL) simulation, and multi-body dynamics analysis to reduce development time and prototype cycles. The proposed method begins with baseline correlation, augmenting Adams vehicle
Shrivastava, Apoorv, Asthana, Shivam
Sound quality refinement and vibration reduction during Horn Application in Electric Vehicles2026-26-0338To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper focuses on the cabin sound quality refinement and the tactile vibration reduction during horn application in the electric vehicle. Horn cracking sound is perceived in the cabin while pressing the horn. Higher vibrations are also perceived in accelerator pedal during the particular event. Sound diagnosis is carried out to identify the frequencies contributing to cracking noise. Transfer path analysis is conducted to identify the nature of noise and the predominant path through which forces transfer. Based on finding from TPA, various recommendations are evaluated which reduced the noise to a certain extent. Operational Deflection Shape(ODS) is conducted on the horn, horn mounting bracket and on the body to identify the component having higher deflection at the problematic frequencies . Based on the outcome of ODS, recommendations like dynamic stiffness improvement on the horn bracket and the body is assessed and the effect of each outcome is discussed. With all the
S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi, R, Ashwin sathya, S, THARAKESWARULU, Raghavendran, Prasath
New generation Natural Rubber-Based Bump Stopper with Improved NVH Characteristics2026-26-0292To be published on 01/16/2026
In automotive suspension systems, components like bump stoppers and jounce bumpers play critical roles in controlling suspension travel and enhancing ride comfort. Material selection for these components is driven by functional demands and performance criteria. Traditionally, Natural rubber (NR) has traditionally been favoured for bump stopper applications due to its excellent vibration absorption, tear resistance, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. However, in more demanding environments, it has been largely replaced by microcellular polyurethane (PU) elastomers, which offer superior durability, environmental resistance, and enhanced noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. PU's high compressibility, low lateral expansion, and low compression set make it the material of choice across automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors. Other materials like thermoplastic elastomers (TPE/TPU) and EPDM rubber are also used, offering advantages such as recyclability, ease of
Murugesan, Annarajan, HINGALAJE, ABhijeet, Perumal, Mathavan, Pawar, Rohit
Prediction of Trimmed BIW Noise transfer function based on BIW response using Machine Learning2026-26-0640To be published on 01/16/2026
This research focuses on the prediction of the Noise Transfer Function (NTF) in a trimmed Body-in-White (BIW) structure by leveraging machine learning technique considering BIW-level NTF, dynamic stiffness at engine mount attachment points, and Vibration Transfer Function (VTF). The study employs an iterative methodology, adjusting the thickness of various BIW panels to analyse their impact on noise transfer characteristics. Frequency response functions are generated at the BIW attachment points to assess the effectiveness of these modifications. By systematically increasing and decreasing panel thicknesses, and stiffness at the attachment point and trimmed BIW level responses the study aims to optimize the acoustic performance of the BIW structure. The findings provide critical insights into the relationship between structural modifications and noise transfer, offering valuable guidance for automotive design and engineering during early design stage to reduce the development time.
Kulkarni, Prasad Ramesh, Bijwe, Vilas, Kulkarni, Shirish, Sahu, Dilip, Inamdar, Pushpak
Investigation and Reduction of Road Noise due to transient road inputs in Electric Vehicle2026-26-0358To be published on 01/16/2026
Higher road noise is perceived in the cabin when the test vehicle encounters road irregularities like bump or pothole in the public roads. The sudden transfer of transient road inputs inside the body caused objectionable cabin noise. Measurements are conducted on the test track at different road surfaces to identify the patch where the objective data well correlated with the noise measured at the public road. Wavelet analysis is carried out to identify the frequency zones since the events are transient in nature. Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) is conducted in both time domain and frequency domain to identify the nature of the noise and the limitation in each of the methodologies are explained. The dominant path through which the transient road forces are transferring inside the body are also identified. Based on the outcome of TPA, various countermeasures like reduction of dynamic stiffness of suspension and cradle bushes , structural modifications on the path are proposed to reduce the
S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi, Selvam, Ebinezer, Raghavendran, Prasath
Design Robustness of Electronic Locking Differential for enhanced off-road performance2026-26-0502To be published on 01/16/2026
The Electronic Locking Differential (ELD) is a critical component for enhancing off-road vehicle performance by ensuring optimal traction in challenging terrains. This paper addresses intermittent engagement issues observed in the ELD system during off-road trials, which impacted its reliability and functionality. It presents a comprehensive study of design robustness improvements implemented to resolve these concerns and optimize the ELD’s performance, ensuring enhanced customer satisfaction in demanding off-road environments. The analysis begins with identifying factors contributing to the intermittent engagement and disengagement of the ELD system upon actuation. These factors include residual magnetism, material properties, temperature effects, and the stack-up characteristics of transfer path components under various boundary conditions. To address these challenges, three key design modifications were introduced: (1) reduction of residual magnetism through an increased air gap
S, Mohd Imtiaz, AP, Baaheedharan, Ghumare, Dheeraj, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, Jain, Saurabh Kumar
Refinement of Road Induced Steering Wheel Vibration in Electric Vehicle2026-26-0337To be published on 01/16/2026
Nowadays, customers expect excellent cabin insulation and superior ride comfort in electric vehicle. OEMs focuses on fine tuning the suspension system in electric vehicle to isolate the road shocks which finally offers superior ride quality. This paper focuses on the enhancing the ride comfort by reducing the steering wheel vibration which mainly originates due to road inputs. Higher steering wheel vibrations are perceived on the test vehicle when driven on rough road at the speed of 50 kmph. To determine the predominant force transfer path, Multi reference Transfer Path Analysis (MTPA) is performed on the front and rear suspension. Based on the finding from MTPA, various recommendations are explored and the effect of each modification is discussed. Apart from this, Operational Deflection Shape (ODS) analysis is carried out on the entire steering system to identify the deflection shape at the operating condition. Based on ODS findings, recommendations like dynamic stiffness
S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi, Selvam, Ebinezer, Raghavendran, Prasath
Development of a Lightweight Front-End Structure Using Injection Molding Technology2026-26-0304To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the development of a lightweight, functionally integrated Front-End Module (FEM) utilizing plastic-metal hybrid injection molding technology. The objective is to achieve modularization, part consolidation, weight reduction, and cost efficiency. The proposed design integrates multiple components into a single module which makes assembly faster and easier. A mounting strategy with fixation features was integrated into the structure to effectively support various components.To ensure structural performance, component-level Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed, including static strength, bending and torsional stiffness, hood retention tests, and modal analysis. Ribbing patterns were optimized to meet design stiffness targets while minimizing weight. Moldflow analysis was carried out to evaluate manufacturability, focusing on gate design, weld lines , warpage, and flow balance. Necessary design corrections were implemented prior to tool development to ensure
Srivastava, Sanjay, Thakoor, Shruti Ghanshyam, Sonkusare, Shailesh
Optimizing Collision Warnings: A Shift from Time to Collide to Time to Brake2026-26-0047To be published on 01/16/2026
In automotive safety systems, Time to Collide (TTC) is traditionally used to trigger warnings in auto-emergency braking systems. However, TTC can lead to premature or inaccurate warnings as it is calculated based on the relative speed and distance between the ego and an obstacle. TTC does not consider the vehicle's braking dynamics, such as brake prefill lag which varies across different vehicles, maximum deceleration, and the effectiveness of braking systems and assumes constant speed which may not always be realistic. We propose Time to Brake (TTB) as a more effective parameter for driver warnings. TTB directly relates to the action a driver needs to take—braking. It provides a clear indication of when braking should begin to avoid a collision, whereas TTC only tells us about the possibility of a collision. To calculate TTB we utilize the brake profile, which incorporates both deceleration and system jerk for improved accuracy. The proposed warning time is the sum of variable brake
Singh, Ashutosh Prakash, Kumawat, Himanshu, Gupta, Sara
Evaluation of Thermo-Mechanical behavior of brake discs in vehicles using Multidisciplinary approach2026-26-0433To be published on 01/16/2026
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of the brake discs in the design stage of its life cycle by developing a methodology to replicate the dynamometer testing using multi-disciplinary Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods. A simulation workflow was formulated in which Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to create temperature and velocity dependent Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTC) which were in turn used in Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) to do a thermo-mechanical analysis. With this workflow various designs of the brake discs were analyzed. A sensitivity study was done to determine critical design features that affected its thermal performance. A final design was fixed that met both the weight and thermal performance targets. This design was evaluated in dynamometer testing, and 95% correlation was achieved. Thus, the developed simulation workflow ensured that a first-time right brake disc can be finalized in the design stage, which will meet the
Balaji, Praveen, K, Karthikeyan, S, KESAVPRASAD, S Kangde, Suhas, REDDY, JAGADEESWARA
Digital Twin-Enhanced Chassis Dynamometer for EV Drivetrain Testing2026-26-0363To be published on 01/16/2026
Accurate prediction of drivetrain performance and energy efficiency in electric vehicles (EVs) remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional chassis dynamometer testing, which often overlooks dynamic vehicle-roller interactions, suspension responses, and regenerative braking effects. This paper presents a novel digital twin-enabled testing framework using a compact, two-roller chassis dynamometer integrated with real-time multibody dynamics and electromechanical co-simulation. The physical test bench is coupled with a virtual model of the EV, including suspension geometry, rear-to-front axle load distribution, tire–roller contact mechanics, and motor-inverter dynamics. By enabling bi-directional data exchange between the physical and virtual domains, the system emulates real-world load shifts, torque demand variations, and energy recovery under standardized drive cycles. This integrated approach enhances simulation fidelity, supports certification-compliant testing, and
Kumar, Akhilesh, V, Yashvati
Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and emission control2026-26-0285To be published on 01/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technology to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium. The Niobium addition will reduce wear debris and improve NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness). The test methodology included: Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, and Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
Algorithm development for AI driven Path planning using Augmented reality for navigating in Indian complex road scenarios2026-26-0038To be published on 01/16/2026
The road infrastructure in India has complex navigational challenges, with 82% roads being unstructured according to Ministry of Roads Transports and Highways (MoRTH). Decision-making becomes a challenge for drivers in unpredictable environments such as narrow roads or sometimes flooded roads and heavy traffic. In this paper, an augmented reality (AR) driver assistance algorithm has been proposed that improves awareness to safely maneuver in these conditions.The methodology for development and validation of this AR algorithm contains multiple steps. Firstly, extensive data collection is conducted using real time capture and benchmark datasets like Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD) and Indian Driving Dataset (IDD). Secondly, A machine learning model consisting of the collected data are labelled and trained to rightly identify the complex scenario. In third step, an AR navigation algorithm is developed, integrating these models to accurately detect floods and estimate road widths and provide
Anandaraj, Prem Raj, Sivakumar, Vishnu, Thanikachalam, Ganesh, L, Radhakrishnan, Motoki, Yaginuma, Selvam, Dinesh Kumar
A Scientific approach to identify the source of intermittent steering rattle noise and implementing the design solutions2026-26-0346To be published on 01/16/2026
Body-on-frame vehicles are well-regarded for their durability and off-road capabilities, but their structural design often makes them more vulnerable to noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues. Vibrations originating from uneven roads are transmitted through the suspension and steering assemblies, sometimes resulting in rattles or other disturbances. These vibrations can be amplified by the inherent flexibility in the body-to-frame mounting system. In such vehicles, the steering system plays a critical role in driver comfort and is highly sensitive to vibrational inputs from the road surface, especially on coarse or uneven terrain. Occasionally, these inputs result in subtle rattle noises that are perceptible only to the driver and may not be detected under controlled testing environments. This poses a challenge for engineers trying to isolate and resolve such intermittent NVH phenomena. Identifying the source requires a combination of real-world driving evaluations, structural
Ramesh Chand, Karan Kumar, Gopinathan, Haridoss, Kabdal, Amit
Analysis of High voltage fuse failures due to reverse surge currents flow in the Power distribution unit of Electric vehicles2026-26-0182To be published on 01/16/2026
Commercial Electric vehicles are revolutionizing the transportation industries with zero emission, lower noise level and increased efficiency. But, High voltage (HV) fuse failures due to reverse surge currents in the Power distribution unit (PDU) hampers the field operation and raise the sensitive safety concerns. This paper embarks on an in-depth exploration of the Reverse surge current flows from the DC-DC converter and Auxiliary (AUX) inverters high voltage input side to Traction system high voltage input point. Failures of HV fuses can lead to the unintentional shutdown of the e-compressor system and steering motor system while operating the EV, which raises critical safety concerns. If the steering motor fails, the bus will lose power steering assistance, making the steering wheel much harder to turn. If the e-compressor fails, it could result in loss of braking assist. This could make it difficult to stop the vehicle, especially in an emergency situation or when driving at high
Bamania, Mihir, kinjalkar, Milind, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, Salunke, Pradeep
DC Link Capacitor Size Reduction Using Phase-Shifted PWM Techniques for Pole Phase Modulated Induction Machine Drive2026-26-0170To be published on 01/16/2026
Multiphase machines i.e. electrical machines with more than three phases have many advantages compared to the three-phase machines for high power density applications. The major advantages of multiphase machines include lower space harmonics thereby reduced losses and improved efficiency, reduced torque pulsations leading to lesser vibrations and acoustical noise, higher fault tolerance which retains the self-starting ability with minimum deration in the output power in case of fault in one or more phases and enhancement of torque density by adding higher order harmonic currents into the stator currents. Requirement of power electronic switches with reduced rating compared three phase motor drives for a given power rating is another important advantage which supports employing multiphase machines in high power applications. Wider speed and torque ranges are other important requirements of a drive for high power traction and propulsion application. Conventional machines need to be over
A, Rajeshwari
Steel-based Laminates for Lithium-ion Pouch Cell of Electric Vehicles2026-26-0186To be published on 01/16/2026
Aluminium foils have gained traction with EV battery manufacturers for their pouch cell format. Over the years it has evolved as a material of choice, but it is still plagued by issues of stress concentration, swelling due to lower strength and stiffness of base aluminium layer. Preliminary investigation revealed that laminates using steel foil material (thickness <0.1mm) could be a potential candidate for EV pouch cell casing. Thus, steel-based laminate was developed meeting key functional requirements (e.g. barrier performance, insulation resistance, peel strength, electrolyte resistance, formable without cracking at edges, and heat sealing compliant). This innovative patented steel-based laminate was further used to manufacture pouch cell prototypes (maximum capacity 2.5Ah) for key performance tests (e.g. cell cycling, nail penetration and thermal runaway). The study paves the way for a low cost, sustainable and flexible yet strong steel-based laminate packaging material solution
Singh, Pundan Kumar, Raj, Abhishek, Kumar, Ankit, Chatterjee, Sourabh, Verma, Rahul Kumar, Samantaray, Bikash, Gautam, Vikas, Pandey, Ashwani
Drive Cycle Based Energy Audit & Range Estimation for 4X2 Electric Truck2026-26-0163To be published on 01/16/2026
Transportation sector in India accounts for 18% of total energy consumption. Demand of energy consumption is being met by the imported crude oil, which makes transportation sector more vulnerable to fluctuating international crude oil prices. India is mindful of its commitment in 2016 Paris climate agreement to reduce GHG emissions by 35% by 2030 as compared to 2005 levels. To fast track the decarbonization of transportation sector, commercial vehicle manufacturers have been exploring other viable options such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as a part of their fleet. As on today, BEV has its own challenges such as range anxiety & high total cost of ownership. Range anxiety can be certainly addressed by optimum sizing of electric powertrain, reduction in specific energy consumption (SEC) & use of effective regeneration strategies. Higher SEC can be more effectively addressed by doing vehicle energy audit thereby estimating the energy losses occurring at each powertrain component of
Gijare, Sumant, Karthick, K., Juttu, Simhachalam, Thipse, Sukrut S., A, Jothikumar, J, Frederick Royston, SR, Subasree, G, Harini, M, Senthil Kumar
Boosting the development of a BEV Rear Twist Beam suspension through a pioneering approach: ADAMS Real Time on Driving simulator2026-26-0397To be published on 01/16/2026
Twist beam suspensions are widely utilised in passenger vehicles because of their simplicity and cost-efficiency, yet they provide engineers with a complex challenge as their performance depends entirely upon the structural properties of the beam itself. Traditional methodologies rely on the generation of Modal Neutral Files (MNF) based upon vehicle dynamics requirements and packaging constraints, which is a highly time-consuming process that starts failing to fulfil the demands of a market where development times are being exponentially reduced. Besides this, part of flexible body’s real behaviour might be lost in the process of converting multibody models into parametric ones, which, in turn, presents difficulties in modifying compliant-related items. Thanks to a novel approach followed jointly by Mahindra and IDIADA, quick identification and optimisation of key tuneable items is achieved by employing a hybrid solution that combines full flexible and FE elements in ADAMS Car
Osorio, Alejandro García, Prabhakara Rao, Vageesh, Asthana, Shivam, Rasal, Shraddhesh
Optimizing Tire NVH Performance in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Approach Using Benchmarking, Simulation, and Validation2026-26-0605To be published on 01/16/2026
The electrification of mobility is becoming increasingly vital in meeting global zero carbon footprint targets, with nations setting ambitious goals to achieve by 2030. As part of this transformation, the development of Electric SUVs (E-SUVs) capable of navigating diverse terrains and road conditions presents a significant challenge, often extending vehicle development timelines. To address these demands, many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are adopting a ‘Born-Electric’ platform approach, specifically tailored to the unique requirements of electric vehicles. However, this approach introduces several challenges, particularly in maintaining the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) levels expected by customers. The elimination of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powertrain has significantly shifted the NVH dynamics of E-SUVs, with tire road rolling noise becoming a dominant factor influencing in-cabin noise perception, Tire-induced noise and vibrations emerge as primary
Singh, Ram Krishnan, Deivasigamani Purushothaman, Balakrishnan, Paua, Ketan, ahire, Manoj, Adiga, Ganesh N
"Parametric Evaluation of Rolling Resistance in Bias & Radial Tyres and influence of key operational parameters under varying conditions."2026-26-0606To be published on 01/16/2026
Tyre rolling resistance is a fundamental parameter in automotive engineering, directly impacting vehicle fuel efficiency and overall performance. The Rolling Resistance Coefficient (CRR) is influenced by tyre construction, material properties, and operational conditions such as inflation pressure, vehicle speed, load, ambient temperature, and road surface roughness. This study investigates the influence of critical parameters—including test speed, inflation pressure, load, temperature, and slip angle—on the rolling resistance of tyres of various sizes. While previous research has predominantly focused on radial tyres, this paper extends the analysis to include bias-ply tyres, which remain widely used in ASEAN countries, including India. The findings aim to offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers by examining the behaviour of bias tyres under real-world conditions. Special focus is given to the influence of slip and camber angles, with experiments conducted on passenger
Joshi, Amol, Khairatkar, Vyankatesh, Belavadi Venkataramaiah, Shamsundara
Optimization of Inverter Control Strategies for Improved Powertrain Efficiency Using E-Motor Emulation Platforms2026-26-0509To be published on 01/16/2026
The traction inverter is a critical component in electric vehicles (EVs), functioning as the heart and brain of the electric powertrain. It controls the power conversion between the high-voltage battery and the electric motor, enabling efficient propulsion and regenerative braking. As EV adoption grows, especially in emerging markets like India, the need for robust and scalable inverter testing solutions becomes paramount. Traditional testing methods involving real batteries and e-motors pose several challenges in the Indian context, including high safety risks, infrastructure limitations, high battery costs, and limited availability of prototype-grade components. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to inverter validation using the AVL Inverter TS™ system— an advanced Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) test system based on e-motor emulation technology.. It enables safe, efficient, and reliable testing without the need for actual batteries or mechanical loads. The system
Mehrotra, Soumya, Chhabra, Rishabh
Low-speed steering returnability analysis and improvements through mathematical modeling and CAE simulation for SUV2026-26-0573To be published on 01/16/2026
In driving, steering serves as the input mechanism to control the vehicle's direction. The driver adjusts the steering input to guide the vehicle along the desired path. During maneuvers such as parking or U-turns, the steering wheel is often turned fully from lock to lock and then released. It is expected that the steering wheel quickly returns to its original position. Steering returnability is defined as the ratio of the difference between the steering wheel position at lock to lock and the steering wheel angle after 3 seconds of release, to the steering wheel angle at the lock position, under steady-state cornering conditions at 10 km/h. Industry standards dictate that the steering system should achieve 75% returnability under these conditions within 3 seconds. Achieving proper steering returnability characteristics is a critical aspect of vehicle design. Vehicles equipped with Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPS) systems can more easily meet returnability targets since the
Singh, Ram Krishnan, ahire, Manoj, JAIN, PRIYA, Vellandi, Vikraman, SUNDARAM, RAGHUPATHI, Paua, Ketan
Determination of Acrylonitrile Content in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates by Py-GCMS Techniques2026-26-0546To be published on 01/16/2026
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile is known for its superior resistance to hydrocarbon oil, low gas permeability and excellent thermal stability. It is extensively used in seals, O-rings, conveyor belts and pneumatic tires. It is worth mentioning that these performance attributes are predominantly influenced by acrylonitrile content. While solid-state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is an established technique for structural characterization of rubber vulcanizates, its high cost and accessibility limits its application in routine industrial analysis. This study aims to develop Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) as a robust, precise, cost-effective alternative to determine acrylonitrile content in NBR vulcanizates. This research demonstrates and establish a method to determine the acrylonitrile (ACN) content in finished rubber vulcanizates through pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS). This method
Samanta, Rajyasree, Ghosh, Debojit, Anjana, Kanhaiya, Sen, Amit, Guria, Biswanath, Chanda, Jagannath, Samui, Barun, Ghosh PhD, Prasenjit, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Predictive SoC Management for Enhanced Recuperation Efficiency in Electric Vehicles2026-26-0154To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, the automotive industry has been looking into alternatives for conventional vehicles to promote a sustainable transportation future having a lesser carbon footprint. Electric Vehicles (EV) are a promising choice as they produce zero tail pipe emissions. However, even with the demand for EVs increasing, the charging infrastructure is still a concern, which leads to range anxiety. This necessitates the judicious use of battery charge and reduce the energy wastage occurring at any point. In EVs, regenerative braking is an additional option which helps in recuperating the battery energy during vehicle deceleration. The amount of energy recuperated mainly depends on the current State of Charge (SoC) of the battery and the battery temperature. Typically, the amount of recuperable energy reduces as the current SoC moves closer to 100%. Once this limit is reached, the excess energy available for recuperation is discharged through the brake resistor/pads. This paper proposes a
Barik, Madhusmita, S, Sethuraman, Aruljothi, Sathishkumar
Design & Optimization of CV shaft system to address powertrain induced NVH issues2026-26-0336To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is a crucial sector that plays a significant role globally. Government policies have a profound impact on this automotive industry in defining the regulatory standards and emission controls. Such regulations incentivized automakers to invest in research and development complying those standards towards reduction of vehicle emission which intern result in higher torsional vibrations and excitations amplitudes. To address the rising NVH related concerns in driveline system. Drive shafts (CV shafts) is an important component in power-train system in vehicle. Drive shaft’s main purpose to transfer torque from engines to wheels at multiple speeds with different articulation angles. The roughness generated by the engine follows a transfer path from engine to transaxle and transaxle to half shafts in monocoque vehicles which generates discomfort to the drivers whenever the vehicle is driven. The roughness can also be addressed by proper design of driveshaft stiffness
M A, Abdul Azarrudin, Jayachandran, Suresh kumar, KUMAR, Shivani, Bhardwaj, Kinshuk, M, Devamanalan, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, ahire, Manoj
Methodology for optimizing the bench testing of Steering I shaft using vehicle level data to reduce overall product development time and cost.2026-26-0560To be published on 01/16/2026
Steering I-shaft with rubber coupling (or hardy disc) is an important part of complete steering system mainly in body on frame vehicles. Hardy discs are used to dampen the vibrations that transmit to steering wheel through frame, steering gear and I-shaft. They also support to accommodate the variation between frame and BIW of body on frame vehicles. They are made up of rubber or other polymer composites, which have less torsional stiffness as compared to metals. The overall torsional stiffness of steering system reduces since the hardy disc is used in series in steering system, that impacts on the overall performance of steering system. So, during development I shafts with different design, stiffness of hardy discs are used to optimize the steering and NVH performance of vehicle. Considering the development time and cost, each design of I-shaft cannot be validated at vehicle level. The torsional and axial force or displacement of hardy disc is measured at vehicle level on different
Kabdal, Amit
Novel Approach for Predicting Steering Rack Load Using Multibody Simulation2026-26-0378To be published on 01/16/2026
In the initial stages of a vehicle development program, the sizing of various components is a critical deliverable. The steering system, in particular, requires a precise estimation of the rack load for the appropriate sizing of the rack and assist units. Accurately predicting the load on the system during the early stages of development is challenging, especially in the absence of benchmark or legacy data. Commonly used processes for estimating parking steering effort often employ simplistic approaches that may fail to account for parameters such as tire size, vertical stiffness, and steering geometry, leading to reduced accuracy. This paper introduces an advanced methodology for predicting steering rack loads, which incorporates considerations such as contact patch size and pressure variation, as well as the tire jacking effect. The methodology involves mathematical modeling of the contact patch using mesh-grids, utilizing common inputs available in the early stages of vehicle
Shirke, Umesh, Dabholkar, Aniruddh, bardia, Vivek, Srivastava, Harshit, PRASAD, TEJ PRATAP
Self-supervised diagnostics & prognostics framework for predictive maintenance in electric vehicles2026-26-0673To be published on 01/16/2026
Predictive maintenance is essential for enhancing the reliability, safety, and operational efficiency of connected vehicles. However, traditional supervised learning approaches for fault prediction depend heavily on large, labeled datasets of failure events, which are often scarce and expensive to obtain in real-world automotive environments. This paper proposes an original self-supervised anomaly detection framework that predicts emerging failures using only healthy operational data, eliminating the need for explicit failure labels. The approach employs self-supervised pretext tasks, such as masked signal reconstruction and future telemetry prediction, to learn robust representations of normal multi-sensor behavior (e.g., temperature, pressure, current, vibration). An unsupervised anomaly detection model then identifies deviations from these learned patterns. This integrated with data-informed predictive models enable early detection of faults across critical subsystems such as
Kumar, Pankaj, Deole, Kaushik, Hivarkar, Umesh
Experimental Evaluation of Tyre Vertical Dynamic Stiffness and Damping for Ride Model Applications Using Flat Trac2026-26-0607To be published on 01/16/2026
The damping and vertical dynamic stiffness of a tyre are critical to ride comfort and overall dynamics, particularly for low-frequency excitations in urban and highway driving. Accurate ride models depend on precise tyre parameterization, as tyres are the primary interface between the vehicle and the road, absorbing surface irregularities before the suspension engages. This study investigates an experimental methodology characterizing the vertical dynamic behaviour of pneumatic tyres using a Flat Trac test machine. Contrary to the conventional approaches that depend on intricate shaker rigs or frequency dependence function models, the proposed technique uses a realistic force displacement loop-based technology which is appropriate for ride model applications. Dynamic stiffness is calculated as the peak force divided by peak displacement during vertical sinusoidal excitation. Damping is derived from hysteresis energy loss per cycle. The tests were conducted under various conditions by
Duryodhana, Dasari, Sethumadhavan, Arjun, Tomer, Avinash, Ghosh, Prasenjit, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Comprehensive research study examining Tyre wear and its Indian perspective.2026-26-0604To be published on 01/16/2026
Automobile emissions refer to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles during their operation. These emissions contribute to environmental pollution and have an impact on human health and the environment. This paper assimilates findings from a comprehensive research study examining tyre wear and its Indian perspective. Tyre wear understood as a factor affecting road safety, environmental health, and economic sustainability. The study identifies factors affecting tyre wear and provides overview regarding tyre wear generation in India, encompassing road infrastructure, vehicle characteristics, driving patterns, and environmental factors. Moreover, it examines the adverse effects of these particles on human health, such as respiratory ailments and cardiovascular diseases, as well as their impact on ecosystems. This paper delves measures to measure tyre wear and safeguard both environmental and public health. It also covers the tyre wear measurement methodologies to
Joshi, Amol, Khairatkar, Vyankatesh, Belavadi Venkataramaiah, Shamsundara
Study of Style wheel rim failure Due to Rim and disc assembly interference2026-26-0541To be published on 01/16/2026
This study focuses on the investigation of wheel rim failures near weld zone during repeated cornering induced by interference between the rim and disc during the wheel manufacturing assembly process. Strain gauges were employed to capture real-time stress and strain distributions at critical zones during interference fitting. The experimental results revealed that improper interference levels lead to significant stress concentrations, often surpassing the material's elastic limit, initiating micro-crack formation and promoting fatigue failure. Detailed strain analysis indicated that both radial and axial stresses contribute to long-term structural degradation. The study highlights the critical role of dimensional tolerances, surface finishes, and assembly forces in minimizing stress-induced failures. Recommendations are provided for optimizing design and assembly practices to enhance the durability and reliability of automotive wheels.
P, Praveen, DEsigan, Lakshmipathy, K, CHANDRAMOHAN, C, Santhosh
Evaluating Passenger Car Tyre Performance: Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics in Varied Testing Conditions2026-26-0578To be published on 01/16/2026
The lateral and longitudinal dynamics of passenger car tyres are crucial for vehicle safety, handling and stability, thus having a direct influence on the braking, acceleration, and cornering performance of a vehicle. This study investigates the influence of key input parameters, namely inflation pressure, vertical load, and inclination angle, on the tyre behaviour using a dual approach: Indoor testing using a Flatbed machine for controlled conditions and Outdoor testing using a traction trailer for real-world evaluations. Lateral dynamics is evaluated across a range of slip angles to analyse lateral force and aligning moment characteristics. The quantification of the influence of inclination angle, inflation pressure, and load on lateral characteristics is done by evaluating the cornering stiffness and aligning stiffness. The indoor tests are conducted in both sweep and steady-state modes. The outdoor tests rely solely on sweep testing due to practical limitations. The longitudinal
Sethumadhavan, Arjun, Duryodhana, Dasari, Tomer, Avinash, Ghosh, Prasenjit, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Exploring the Influence of Wheel Rim Width on Tire Performance through rig testing and Vehicle-level Evaluation: A Comprehensive study2026-26-0603To be published on 01/16/2026
With increasing challenges for optimizing vehicle ride and handling performance along with efficiency, the synergy between major systems such as suspension, chassis, brakes & tires has been investigated in the past. In this regard, the interaction between wheel rim width and tire performance characteristics has become a topic of interest. Extensive research is being conducted in the automotive industry to understand their key interaction dynamics and make appropriate design selections. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how variations in wheel rim width affect key tire performance parameters such as lateral force characteristics ,damping property, tire footprint, and pinch cut resistance. Also, the subsequent influence on vehicle-level performance parameters such as braking, ride & handling, steering, and durability is captured. Through rig level testing and full-vehicle evaluation data, several key observations have emerged. Firstly, it was observed that narrower
Singh, Ram Krishnan, Paua, Ketan, Sundaramoorthy, Ragasruoban, LENKA., VISWESWARA, ahire, Manoj, Adiga, Ganesh N
Indirect Road Departure Mitigation System for Passenger Vehicle2026-26-0669To be published on 01/16/2026
Road departures remain a major cause of fatal accidents in passenger vehicles, especially on highways, driving the demand for robust and accessible active safety technologies. Conventional Road Departure Mitigation Systems (RDMS) typically depend on camera- or LiDAR-based sensing, which can be cost-prohibitive and challenging to integrate across diverse vehicle platforms. While existing RDMS solutions have enhanced vehicle safety, their dependency on expensive, specialized sensors limits broader adoption, particularly in cost-sensitive market segments. This study introduces a sensor-less, cost-effective Road Departure Mitigation (RDM) system that utilizes existing vehicle sensors accessed through CAN channels. A threshold-based logic algorithm processes key parameters such as vehicle speed, steering angle, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration to detect potential road departure events. Upon detection, the system initiates a two-stage intervention: a driver alert followed by automatic
Iqbal, Shoaib, Adsul, Sourabh
Investigation of Fatigue Durability Failure Mechanisms in High-Pressure Hydraulic Pipes of Power Steering Systems2026-26-0542To be published on 01/16/2026
Abstract—The high-pressure hydraulic pipeline in the power steering system is a vital component for ensuring optimal performance. During warranty analysis, leakage incidents were observed at the customer end within the warranty period. The primary factors contributing to these failures include pipe material thickness, material composition, mechanical properties, and engine-induced vibrations. This study investigates fatigue-related failures through detailed material characterization and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) based on real world usage road load data collected. The objective is to identify the root causes by examining the influence of varying pipe thickness on fatigue life. The investigation discovered that crack initiation predominantly occurred on the concave side of bent pipe sections, specifically on the engine-side high-pressure steering line, which is connected to the power steering pump mounted on the engine. Fracture surfaces exhibited characteristics consistent with
SURVADE, LALIT, Koulage, Dasharath Baliram, Biswas, Kaushik
Systemic modelling and simulation approach to estimate Brake response time in a Pneumatic brake systems2026-26-0469To be published on 01/16/2026
Brake response time in truck air brake systems is crucial for ensuring safety and operational efficiency. This paper presents the development of a simulation model designed to meet all necessary regulatory requirements for Brake response time and as an input to the stopping distance calculations. The actual pneumatic circuit, including brake valves, relay valves, brake chambers, and plumbing have been replicated. The focus is on utilizing 1D simulations to predict the compliance of response time during both the pressurizing (brakes applied) and depressurizing (brakes released) phases of the brake system. A mathematical model is developed using a commercially available 1D simulation tool. This model employs a lumped parameter approach for the pneumatic components, with governing equations derived from compressible flow theory and empirical valve flow characteristics. A parametric study is carried out on variables such as plumbing length, system pressure, and valve orifice diameters. The
Kumbar, Praful, Murugesan, Karthik, Shannon, Rick
Sustainable Tyre- A Journey to Meet Future Requirements of Tyre Industry2026-26-0291To be published on 01/16/2026
Sustainability and environmentally friendly business practices are becoming essential. Tyre industries are embracing the green initiatives to reduce its impact on the environment by exploring the eco-friendly strategies. Starting from the ethical raw material sourcing to a creative recycling technique, strategies are widely distributing in every step of tyre manufacturing to disposition. Each stage of a tyre's life cycle viz. raw material procurement, manufacturing, transportation both upstream and downstream as well as during the end-of-life phases have an emission-saving potential. It is important to reduce emissions at every stage of tyre's lifecycle. We, JK Tyre has recently developed a Sustainable Tyre with 11% less GHG emission through sustainable raw material approach. Bio sourced or bio attributed raw materials like Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Polybutadiene Rubber (PBR), Rubber process oil (RPO) and Silica along with natural rubber (NR) had been used. Beside the raw
Bhandary, Tirthankar, Singha Roy, Sumit, Paliwal, Mukesh, Dasgupta, Saikat, Chattopadhyay, Dipankar, Das, Mahuya, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Auto Braking system for preventing commercial vehicle overloading.2026-26-0032To be published on 01/16/2026
Overloading in commercial vehicles is a widespread issue that creates serious safety, operational, and regulatory concerns. Excessive loads can result in mechanical breakdowns, diminished braking performance, accelerated tire wear, and a higher likelihood of accidents, posing risks to drivers and other road users. Moreover, overloading accelerates road deterioration and increases infrastructure maintenance costs. To tackle this pressing problem, this study introduces a novel integrated system that merges advanced load-sensing technology with the vehicle's braking system. The system utilizes high-precision sensors placed at key locations, such as the suspension or axle, to monitor the vehicle's load in real time. These sensors send data to a central control unit, which triggers the braking mechanism if the load surpasses a predetermined safety limit. Importantly, the braking system activates only when the vehicle is stationary, ensuring it does not disrupt normal driving operations. The
RAJ, AMRITESH, Pujari, Sachin, Londhe, Mahesh, Shirke, Sumeet, Shinde, Akshay
Design optimization of the propeller shaft and transfer case for high-speed 4WD vehicles2026-26-0343To be published on 01/16/2026
Nowadays, vehicle enthusiasts often vary their driving patterns, ranging from driving at very high speeds to off-roading. Due to these driving patterns, 4WD vehicle demand is continuously growing day by day. A 4WD vehicle used to have better traction control with enhanced stability. The 4WD vehicle performance and reliability at high speed are critically influenced by driveline stiffness and natural frequency. Driveline stiffness and natural frequency are very critical parameter for high-speed vehicles, that significantly influenced by the propeller shaft and transfer case. This study focuses on the design optimization of the transfer case and critical frequency of propeller shafts to enhance vehicle performance at high speeds. The analysis begins with a comprehensive study of the factors affecting power transfer path, transfer case stiffness, critical frequency, including material properties, propeller shaft geometry and the boundary conditions. Advanced computational methods are
Kumar, Sarvesh, Yadav, Sahdev, S, Manickaraja, Sanjay, L, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, Jain, Saurabh Kumar, Deole, Subodh M
Assessing Brake Emission Performance Across New, Upgraded, and Retrofitted Test Bed Infrastructures2026-26-0232To be published on 01/16/2026
Brake wear particle emissions are a significant source of traffic-related particulate matter, prompting increasing regulatory attention through frameworks such as UN GTR No. 24 and the forthcoming Euro 7 standard. To address the demand for accurate and reproducible measurement solutions, a comparative study was conducted using an identical ventilated cast-iron disc brake across different test bed infrastructures. Three AVL solution configurations were assessed: (1) a newly built brake emission test bed, (2) an engine test bed upgraded with brake emission measurement equipment, and (3) a simulated third-party brake test bed (e.g., originally used for performance or NVH testing) retrofitted with brake emission measurement equipment. In the third configuration, the UN GTR No. 24 test sequence was automated and executed by the AVL System Control in coordination with the existing test bed infrastructure. The testing infrastructure included a CFD-optimized brake enclosure and sampling tunnel
Martikainen, Sampsa, Weidinger, Christoph, Huber, Michael Peter
Analysis of door seal compression and its influence on NVH performance in heavy-duty vehicle2026-26-0339To be published on 01/16/2026
Seals in a truck cabin is one of the major contributors for cabin noise in terms of structure borne as well as air borne noise transfer path. This study emphasizes on the effect of door seal compression prediction and its impact on structure borne NVH in trucks. Vibrations are regarded as quality criteria in the perception of customers. It is necessary to ascertain the contribution of seal stiffness on compression of the seal under closed condition of the door rather than uncompressed conditions. The dynamic stiffness of door seal is calculated by non-linear analysis. The simulations models are constructed using the Mooney - Rivlin theory for both 2D and 3D seals. This encompasses contemplating the relevant seal mounted boundary condition on the body and the door of the vehicle. The stiffness after compression of seal is extracted from this non-linear analysis which is further used to obtain the vibration modes for the doors in the truck cabin. Subsequently, the compressed seal
L, Kavya, Ramanathan, Vijay
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