Browse Topic: Environment

Items (42,128)
Find
MINER’S SAFETY BOT2026-28-0116To be published on 02/12/2026
Mining remains one of the most hazardous industries, with workers constantly exposed to life-threatening conditions such as toxic gases, high temperatures, and confined spaces. To address these concerns, we propose the design and development of an autonomous Miner’s Safety Bot aimed at enhancing underground safety through real-time environmental monitoring and intelligent navigation. The system is built around the ESP32 microcontroller, integrating critical sensors including the MQ7 gas sensor for detecting carbon monoxide and methane, the DHT11 sensor for measuring ambient temperature, and an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. These components work to monitor hazardous parameters and assist the bot in navigating through narrow mine shafts. A servo motor connected to a remote-controlled chassis adjusts the bot's direction when obstacles are detected. The bot employs the ESP32-CAM module to transmit live visuals from the mining site to external observers. Furthermore, sensor data
D, Suchitra, D, Anitha, Muthukumaran, Balasubramaniam, Mohanraj, Siddharth, Subash Chandra Bose, Rohan
Design and Development of Integrated Brake and Bull Cage System for Enhanced Tractor Performance and Sustainability2026-28-0005To be published on 02/12/2026
Conventional tractor transmission systems feature separate Brake and Bull Cage housings, with brakes often being proprietary components and Bull Cage designed by the Original Equipment manufacturer (OE). To optimize design and performance, an innovative integrated system was developed, combining an in-house braking system with a unitized Bull Cage assembly. This robust design reduces part count, eliminates proprietary dependency (except for friction liners), and enhances performance. Virtual simulations performed under RWUP conditions demonstrated enhanced strength and stiffness in the integrated design. In this Integrated Brake & Bull Cage assembly (IBCA) , the braking layout was reconfigured from a 4+1 friction design to a 3+2 configuration which improved balancing, enhancing customer braking experience and increasing contact area by 11%. This adjustment extends friction liner life and boosts mechanical advantage by 7.5%, significantly improving tractor stability and performance
Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy, Dhanale, Swapnil, Perumal, Solairaj, Gomes, Maxson, Redkar, Dinesh, Savant, Kedarnath, V, Saravanan
Galvanic Corrosion Susceptibility Analysis and Mitigation strategies in Automotive Battery Packs2026-28-0018To be published on 02/12/2026
As electric vehicles continue to revolutionize transportation, ensuring the reliability of their powertrain systems and battery packs has become a critical focus. One key challenge is galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals in contact are exposed to an electrolyte, such as seashore moisture or road salt used in snow or ice zones. This corrosion can weaken structural components, compromise electrical conductivity, and reduce the lifespan of critical systems. Common areas at risk include metallic joints within battery enclosures, busbars, cooling systems, and electrical connectors. Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature fluctuations further amplify the issue, making it a pressing concern for manufacturers. This paper aims to systematically identify critical galvanic joints within electric powertrain systems and battery packs and provide effective strategies to mitigate corrosion risks. Preventative measures include choosing compatible materials with
Narain, Aditya, Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
Enhancing combustion, performance and emission profiles using kapok methyl ester blends with hydrogen2026-28-0058To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the potential of using a dual green alternative fuel combination, the one is hydrogen fuel and another one is biodiesel for enhancing the Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The kapok oil methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 20% (K20) and 40% (K40) by volume. The hydrogen gas was supplied at a constant flow of 4 liter per minute (LPM). The experimental fuels are neat diesel D100, K20 (80% Diesel and 20 % kapok methylester), K40 (60% Diesel + 40 % Kapok methyleter), K20 + H4L (K20 with 4 LPM hydrogen) and K40+H4L (K40 with 4 LPM hydrogen). These blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, combustion, performance and emissions characteristic were evaluated and compared with base fuel. The results indicated that te use of B20 and B40 blends without hydrogen led to reduced brake thermal efficiency due to
Anbarasan, B, M, Kumaresan, Balamurugan, S, Rajesh, Munnusamy
Development of Plug-in Hybrid Motorbike and Analysis towards Sustainable Urban Mobility2026-28-0111To be published on 02/12/2026
The transportation system is one major catalyst to urban ecological imbalance. In developing countries, two-wheelers are considered a major mode of urban personal transportation because of their compactness, easy maneuver in heavy traffic and good fuel efficiency. In India, middle and lower middle-class people prefer to choose two wheelers and these vehicles are dominantly fueled by gasoline. Although, the energy consumption by a two-wheeler is comparatively less than that of a four-wheeler, they use about 60% of the nation's petroleum for on-road vehicles and the impact on urban air quality and climatic change is significantly high. This high proportion of gasoline utilization and emission contribution by two wheelers in cities demand greater attention as a way to improve urban air quality and near-term energy sustainability. Electrification of two-wheelers through the application of a plug-in hybrid idea is a promising solution. A plug-in hybrid motorbike was developed by putting
Kannan, Prashanth, Shaik, Amjad, Talluri, Srinivasa Rao
Enhanced Solar Desalination Using Natural Dolomite-Integrated PCM and MWCN Thermal Storage: An Experimental Study2026-28-0082To be published on 02/12/2026
Systems for solar desalination provide a practical and environmentally friendly way to turn salty or polluted water into drinkable water. Three configurations are experimentally investigated in this study: a traditional solar desalination system, a system integrated with a thermal energy storage unit (TESU) based on phase change material (PCM), Multi wall Carbon nano particle were mixed with PCM at 1% of total volume of the PCM and a system that incorporates powdered natural dolomite into the PCM-based TESU. Each of the four configurations was created, tested simultaneously, and thoroughly examined. In comparison to the traditional system, the experimental findings showed that the adoption of PCM-based TESUs increased daily cumulative water output by 11.41%, 14.8% with addition of MWCNT and the addition of dolomite powder further increased productivity by 18.60%. Furthermore, the energy efficiency increased by16.1% with PCM, PCM with MWCNT is increased by 17.43% and 18.18% with the
R L, Krupakaran, Petla, Ratnakamala, Anchupogu, Praveen, P, Umamaheswarrao, Satya Meher, R, Dunna, Vijay
ALTERNATE CATALYST FOR DOC IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER2026-28-0016To be published on 02/12/2026
Emission norms have become much more stringent to reduce emissions from vehicles. Diesel engines in particular are the predominant contributors to higher emissions. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) in diesel engine catalytic converter systems is the crucial component in reducing harmful emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC). DOCs often rely on expensive noble metals like platinum or palladium and rhodium as catalyst materials,significantly inflating the cost of emission control units. The proposed idea is to explore MnOxCeO₂ (Manganese Oxide-Cerium Oxide) as an alternative catalyst to traditional DOC materials, with the goal of delivering effective oxidation performance while reducing overall system cost. MnOx-CeO₂ catalysts are promising due to their good low-temperature activity, oxygen storage capacity, and redox behaviour, which are beneficial for diesel engines operating under varied conditions. These properties help improve the oxidation of CO and HC
C, Jegadheesan, T, Karthi, Rajendran, Pawan, Muruganantham, Kowshiik, S, Vaitheeshwaran
Mechanical Performance & Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of E - Glass and Areca Fibers2026-28-0073To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the vibration characteristics of hybrid composite laminated plates made from E-glass and areca fibers, targeting applications that demand both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability. The motivation stems from the growing interest in replacing synthetic fibers with natural alternatives in structural applications, particularly for lightweight and vibration-sensitive components. Areca fiber, an abundant and biodegradable natural material, was combined with high-strength E-glass fiber to form hybrid laminates using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process. Three distinct composite plates were fabricated with different stacking sequences and filler variations using epoxy resin and brake lining powder. The mechanical integrity and vibrational behavior of these plates were then studied using experimental modal analysis. The tests were conducted under three boundary conditions: fully clamped (C-C-C-C), two-edge clamped (C-F-C-F), and
D R, Rajkumar, O, Vivin Lenin, R, Saktheevel, R G, Ajay Krishna, Ng, Bhavan
Reduction of Inductive Losses in Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging through Resonant Coupling2026-28-0123To be published on 02/12/2026
The growing awareness about sustainability and environmental concerns are accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles. They play a promising role due to their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality and lessen reliance on fossil fuels. However, one of the primary concerns for potential buyers is the charging process and infrastructure. Traditional wired charging systems for electric vehicles face limitations such as user inconvenience, wear and tear of connectors and challenges in automation. As a solution, wireless electric vehicle charging has emerged, offering a more user-friendly, automated and contactless method of charging by eliminating the need for physical connectors. Wireless charging can be implemented through various approaches, primarily including inductive and resonant methods. Inductive charging suffers from relatively low efficiency due to higher energy losses during transmission. On the other hand, resonant coupling
Shaik, Amjad, Gudipati, Ravi Sai Hemanth, B, Vikranth Reddy, Anudeep, D B S S, Varshith, Dasari
Dual use of Electric Vehicle infrastructure for Enhancing Grid Resilience and Urban Sustainability2026-28-0114To be published on 02/12/2026
The rapid global adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has led to a surge in the deployment of EV charging stations. Beyond their primary role of vehicle charging, these stations hold potential as dynamic, grid-connected assets for sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). When integrated with renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, EV charging stations can function as decentralized power units, supplying energy to the grid during times of need. This dual functionality allows them to act as flexible loads that mitigate voltage fluctuations during grid faults, facilitating access to reliable energy (SDG 7). Utilizing existing EV infrastructure in this way reduces the need for additional grid-support devices and supports resource efficiency (SDG 13) promoting a low-carbon energy transition. However, their ability to support the grid is limited when fully committed to meeting charging demands, especially during grid faults. To address this challenge, a novel coordinated operation
R, Uthra, Rangarajan, Ravi, D, Suchitra, D, Anitha
Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable EV Battery Recycling: A Technical Framework for EBRR.2026-28-0092To be published on 02/12/2026
This technical paper presents a comprehensive framework for implementing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project at EV Batteries Recycling and Regulation (EBRR), focusing on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles (EVs). It identifies key environmental hotspots across resource extraction, battery manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life (EoL) stages. The study evaluates recycling techniques—namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and cascade reuse—to quantify environmental benefits and emission reduction opportunities. The paper uses a cradle-to-grave system boundary with LCA - Ecoinvent datasets, applying ISO 14040/44 standards. Results show that manufacturing accounts for over 60% of life cycle emissions, primarily driven by energy intensity. Transitioning to renewable energy and adopting hydrometallurgical recycling can reduce Global Warming Potential (GWP) by up to 40%. Cascade reuse, when combined with hydrometallurgy, offers the best outcomes with GWP as low as 200 kg
Asokan, Gayathri, Raju cEng, Rajkumar, Dhananjaya, Chandan, Sattigeri cEng, Sudhir V
Extreme Learning Machines for Fast Instantaneous Prediction of Emission Level of an Automobile2026-26-0226To be published on 01/16/2026
Addressing climate issues is a key aspect of good global governance today. A key aspect of managing the threats caused to the environment around is to ensure a sustainable transportation system so that humans exist in peace with nature. According to sources, in 2020 alone, cars accounted for approximately 23% of global CO2 emissions. In addition, they also emit dangerous pollutants thus damaging the ecosystem. To keep pollutants in check there are emission level testing strategies in place in each country. However, we can do better for a sustainable future. On one hand, the huge volume of vehicles around the world makes it an excellent choice and source for a vast emission level dataset comprising of input features as well as the target variable representing the emission band of the vehicle. In addition to the big data available as mentioned above, major advancements in the machine learning algorithms are done today. The advent of algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has
Sridhar, Sriram, Aswani, Shelendra
Auto Braking System for Preventing Commercial Vehicle Overloading2026-26-0032To be published on 01/16/2026
Overloading in vehicles, particularly trucks and city buses, poses a critical challenge in India, contributing to increased traffic accidents, economic losses, and infrastructural damage. This issue stems from excessive loads that compromise vehicle stability, reduce braking efficiency, accelerate tire wear, and heighten the risk of catastrophic failures. To address this, we propose an intelligent overloading control and warning system that integrates load-sensing technology with real-time corrective measures. The system employs precision load sensors (e.g., air below deflection monitoring via pressure sensors) to measure vehicle weight dynamically. When the load exceeds predefined thresholds, the system triggers a multi-stage response: 1 Visual/Audio Warning – Alerts the driver to take corrective action. 2 Braking Intervention – If ignored, the braking applied, immobilizing the vehicle until the load is reduced. Experimental validation involved ten iterative tests to map deflection-to
Raj, Amritesh, Pujari, Sachin, Londhe, Mahesh, Shirke, Sumeet, Shinde, Akshay
3D CFD Combustion Evaluation of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as a Potential Alternate Fuel for the Future CI Engines2026-26-0113To be published on 01/16/2026
Transportation industry is facing a growing challenge to reduce its carbon footprint and utilize the carbon neutral, more environmentally sustainable fuels to comply with the goal of carbon neutrality. Implementation of carbon free fuels such as Hydrogen, Ammonia and low carbon fuels such as Methanol, Ethanol can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, but these fuels are suitable for SI engine architecture due to their high-octane ratings. Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is one of the few fuel solutions available today with a high Cetane rating (70-80), that can be used as a drop-in fuel in the existing CI engines, with minimal modifications. The main constituent of HVO is pure alkane and it can be produced from feedstocks such as vegetable oils, animal fats, various wastes and by-products. A closed cycle 3-D CFD combustion simulation using a detailed chemistry-based solver has been conducted with the HVO, on a three cylinder, naturally aspirated water-cooled CI engine at
Tripathi, Ayush, Mukherjee, Nalini, Nene, Devendra
Review of Comprehensive Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Approaches for Capturing Atmospheric CO₂ and Converting It into Sustainable eFuels2026-26-0115To be published on 01/16/2026
As atmospheric CO₂ concentrations continue to rise at unprecedented rates, the urgent need for breakthrough technologies that can efficiently capture carbon directly from the air and convert it into sustainable synthetic fuels has never been clearer. While numerous capture and conversion methods have been propose, many remain at an early stage of development, facing significant challenges such as low energy efficiency, limited scalability, and high operational costs. This lack of technological maturity underscores a vast, largely untapped potential for innovation and transformative advancement. In response to this gap, the present study compiles and critically examines a wide spectrum of emerging capture and conversion technologies. Through a detailed exploration of their functionalities, potentials, advantages, and challenges, the paper accumulates a comprehensive and well-informed dataset. This holistic understanding not only reveals key bottlenecks but also identifies promising
Jain, Gaurav, Premlal, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang
Combustion Dynamics and Performance Optimisation Using Higher HCNG Blends for Decarbonising the Gas Genset Sector2026-26-0251To be published on 01/16/2026
Air pollution is profligate becoming a serious worldwide problem with the increasing population and its subsequent demands. Diesel, Gasoline, Natural Gas, Propane, etc., are some of the traditional fuels used in the power generation sectors. Diesel fuel, popularly utilized for backup power in critical operations, is valued for its swift activation time. This makes diesel generators a preferred choice for commercial properties and hospitals requiring reliable emergency power. Moreover, natural gas, distributed through local utility grids, provides a convenient and readily available fuel source for generators, eliminating the need for on-site fuel storage. On the other hand, CPCB has instructed to modify the emission regulations for genset engines for decarbonization and development clean fuel. The change from CPCB II to CPCB IV+ standard shows the commitment of the Indian government towards environmental sustainability and COP26. Pondering to the stringent emission norms, researchers
Bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Dhar, Rit Prasad, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, Sandeep D, Thipse, Sukrut S, Singh, Sauhard, Mishra, Sumit Kumar, Bera, Tapan, Badhe, Rajesh, Tule, Shubham, Aghav, Yogesh, Lakshminarasimhan, Krishna
Path Planning and Control Strategies for a Semi-Autonomous Light Commercial Vehicle Navigating and Avoiding Static Obstacles in Urban Environments2026-26-0134To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the design and implementation of a Semi-Autonomous Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) capable of following a person while performing obstacle avoidance in urban and controlled environments. The LCV leverages its onboard 360-degree view camera, RTK-GNSS, Ultrasonic sensors, and algorithms to independently navigate the environment, avoiding obstacles and maintaining a safe distance from the person it is following. The path planning algorithm described here generates a secondary lateral path originating from the primary driving path to navigate around static obstacles. A Behavior Planner is utilized to decide when to generate the path and avoid obstacles. The primary objective is to ensure safe navigation in environments where static obstacles are prevalent. The LCV's path tracking is achieved using a combination of Pure Pursuit and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The Pure Pursuit controller is utilized as lateral control to follow the generated path, ensuring
Ayyappan, Vimal Raj, Dhanopia, Rashmi, Ali, Ashpak, N, Ragesh, Sato, Hiromitsu
Predictive SoC Management for Enhanced Recuperation Efficiency in Electric Vehicles2026-26-0154To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, the automotive industry has been looking into alternatives for conventional vehicles to promote a sustainable transportation future having a lesser carbon footprint. Electric Vehicles (EV) are a promising choice as they produce zero tail pipe emissions. However, even with the demand for EVs increasing, the charging infrastructure is still a concern, which leads to range anxiety. This necessitates the judicious use of battery charge and reduce the energy wastage occurring at any point. In EVs, regenerative braking is an additional option which helps in recuperating the battery energy during vehicle deceleration. The amount of energy recuperated mainly depends on the current State of Charge (SoC) of the battery and the battery temperature. Typically, the amount of recuperable energy reduces as the current SoC moves closer to 100%. Once this limit is reached, the excess energy available for recuperation is discharged through the brake resistor/pads. This paper proposes a
Barik, Madhusmita, S, Sethuraman, Aruljothi, Sathishkumar
Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Lean-Boosted Direct Injection Hydrogen Combustion System for Retrofitting Heavy Duty Diesel Engines2026-26-0268To be published on 01/16/2026
To address the imperative for decarbonizing the heavy-duty transport sector and advancing sustainable energy solutions, this paper presents a novel lean-boosted Direct Injection (DI) Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) combustion system. This system is developed to retrofit existing flat-deck Diesel engines, offering a viable pathway towards drastically reduced emissions. Building on consolidated expertise from prior production-oriented Port Fuel Injection H2 engine development (DUMAREY 6.6ℓ V8), this research focuses on leveraging the distinct advantages of DI for hydrogen. An experimental assessment, supported by 1D and 3D-CFD analyses, demonstrates the system's capability to achieve highly efficient operation in Spark Ignition (SI) mode under ultra-lean and EGR-diluted conditions. The study confirms the elimination of combustion anomalies such as backfiring, pre-ignition, and knock, while achieving ultra-low engine-out NOx emissions and near-zero CO2, HC, CO, and PM. The
Gessaroli, Davide, Golisano, Roberto, Pesce, Francesco, Boretto, Gianmarco, Accurso, Francesco
Improving Cold Start and Transient Performance of Medium BMEP CEV Stage V Engines at Low Ambient Temperature and Pressure2026-26-0142To be published on 01/16/2026
Meeting the stringent emissions norms of CEV stage V for medium BMEP engines, CI engines present significant challenges, particularly concerning cold startability. Low ambient temperatures and pressures intensify the cold start difficulties which are characterized by prolonged cranking, incidences of misfiring, compromised transient response and overall engine performance. This paper highlights the strategies and technologies employed to enhance cold start and transient performance of medium BMEP engines under such demanding environmental conditions. Investigations were conducted up to an altitude of 4500m and ambient temperatures as low as-20°C, utilizing only air heater at intake manifold as the sole cold start aid. This cost effective approach is integrated with an optimized combustion chamber design, along with minimal pilot injection timing and quantity to facilitate smooth ignition and stable combustion during cold start. The paper also explore the techniques to improve the
Saxena, Harshit, Lokare, Prasad, Santhosh, Ajith, Gandhi, Naresh, Shinde, Prashant
Thermal Management and Engine Calibration Strategies for Enhanced Passive DPF Regeneration in CEV Stage V CI Engines2026-26-0141To be published on 01/16/2026
Meeting the stringent emissions norms of CEV stage V for medium BMEP engines, CI engines present significant challenges. These stringent norms call for a highly efficient DPF. With the increasing demands for high-performance DPFs, the issue of soot accumulation and cleaning presents significant hurdles for DPF longevity. This paper explores the potential of passive DPF regeneration, which leverages naturally occurring exhaust gas conditions to oxidize accumulated soot, offering a promising approach to minimize fuel penalty and system complexity compared to active regeneration methods. The study investigates engine calibration techniques aimed at enhancing passive regeneration performance, emphasizing the optimization of thermal management strategies to sustain DPF temperatures within the passive regeneration range. Furthermore, the paper aims to expand the applicability of passive regeneration across diverse engine loads common in off-highway applications with effective passive
Saxena, Harshit, Gandhi, Naresh, Lokare, Prasad, Shinde, Prashant, Patil, Ajit, Raut, Ashish
Comprehensive Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds and Efficacy of Vapor Recovery System at Fuel Stations2026-26-0233To be published on 01/16/2026
In densely populated urban environments, fuel retail outlets represent sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, and xylene. These emissions occur during various operations including storage tank filling, underground storage, and vehicle refuelling at retail outlets. The contribution of VOC by fuel distribution infrastructure to urban VOC pollution has been adequately addressed by oil marketing companies (OMCs) by the installation of vapor recovery system which is deployed for the comprehensive capture of fugitive emissions. This study employed a novel approach at an OMC Retail Outlet in Delhi, to evaluate benzene concentrations with different operational case studies. The methodology integrated continuous ambient air monitoring system equipped with VOC analyser of Gas Chromatography – Photo Ionization Detector (GC-PID) technology alongside targeted forecourt measurements with handheld PID instrument. Benzene emissions during peak and off-peak hours
Mayeen, Hafiz, Ahuja, Muskan, Kalita, Mrinmoy, Kumar, Prashant, Sithananthan, M, Arora, Ajay
Circularity and LCA: Enhancing Sustainability in the Indian Electric Vehicle Sector2026-26-0239To be published on 01/16/2026
The global shift to electric vehicles (EVs) is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but their sustainability hinges on effective battery lifecycle management. This review examines the interplay between Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and circular economy (CE) principles in EVs, with a focus on both international trends and India-specific challenges. We analyze CE strategies such as extending battery lifespan, second-life applications, and recycling integrated with LCA to evaluate environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal. Key areas include battery chemistry, LCA methodologies, policy frameworks, and industrial practices, informed by a synthesis of over 50 peer-reviewed articles, technical papers, and sustainability reports. Challenges include inconsistent LCA baselines, low material recovery in informal recycling, and regulatory gaps, particularly in India. Despite these, innovations like solid-state batteries and advanced recycling techniques offer promise
Haregaonkar, Rushikesh Sambhaji, Kumar, Om, Sankar M, Gopi, Kumar, Rajiv
Drive Cycle Based Energy Audit & Range Estimation for 4X2 Electric Truck2026-26-0163To be published on 01/16/2026
Transportation sector in India accounts for 12% of total energy consumption. Demand of energy consumption is being met by the imported crude oil, which makes transportation sector more vulnerable to fluctuating international crude oil prices. India is mindful of its commitment in 2016 Paris climate agreement to reduce GHG emissions intensity of its GDP by 40% by 2030 as compared to 2005 levels. To fast track the decarbonization of transportation sector, commercial vehicle manufacturers have been exploring other viable options such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as a part of their fleet. As on today, BEV has its own challenges such as range anxiety & high total cost of ownership. Range anxiety can be certainly addressed by optimum sizing of electric powertrain, reduction in specific energy consumption (SEC) & use of effective regeneration strategies. Higher SEC can be more effectively addressed by doing vehicle energy audit thereby estimating the energy losses occurring at each
Gijare, Sumant, Karthick, K., Juttu, Simhachalam, Thipse, Sukrut S., A, Jothikumar, J, Frederick Royston, SR, Subasree, G, Harini, M, Senthil Kumar
Smart Stability: Automation of Braking Solutions, Hill Hold and Parking Brake Strategy in Tractors Using Electro-Hydraulic Actuation2026-26-0205To be published on 01/16/2026
Agricultural operations in hilly, uneven & slopy terrains demands high levels of operator focus, effort and skill. However, todays farming ecosystem across the globe is affected by 2 major scenarios: the aging workforce in the agricultural sector and the ever-growing problem of distraction due to mobile device and social media use. These issues compromise safety during operations such as start stop maneuvers, parking on slopes, and maneuvering in confined & narrow areas. Stringent emission norms are also being mandated across developed and developing countries as a measure to reduce Global Greenhouse house gas emissions. These measures are indeed necessary for sustainability but has increased overall tractor purchase and operating costs without improving safety & operator comfort. There has been a trend seen around the world in terms of poor sales post Emission implementation. Registration of Older tractors without these stringent emission norms were also witnessed in Developed
M, Rojer, T, Ganesan, P, Velusamy, Natarajan, Saravanan, V, Mathankumar, tripathi, Shankar, Narni, Kiran, Haldorai, Rajan, Devakumar, Kiran
Real-Time Lane Change Risk Estimation Using Extended Lane Change Risk Index (ELCRI) and Fault Tree Analysis2026-26-0040To be published on 01/16/2026
Accidents during lane changes are increasingly becoming a problem due to various human based and environment-based factors. Reckless driving, fatigue, bad weather are just some of these factors. This research introduces an innovative algorithm for estimating crash risk during lane changes, including the Extended Lane Change Risk Index (ELCRI). Unlike existing studies and algorithms that mainly address rear-end collisions, this algorithm incorporates exposure time risk and anticipated crash severity risk using fault tree analysis (FTA). The risks are merged to find the ELCRI and used in real time applications for lane change assist to predict if lane change is safe or not. The algorithm defines zones of interest within the current and target lanes, monitored by sensors attached to the vehicle. These sensors dynamically detect relevant objects based on their trajectories, continuously and dynamically calculating the ELCRI to assess collision risk during lane changes. Additionally
Dharmadhikari, Mithil, S, Mrudula, Nair, Nikhil, Malagi, Gangadhar, Paun, Cristin, Brown, Lowell, Korsness, Thomas
Totem-Pole PFC and LLC Resonant Converter based 6.6kW On-Board Charger for LEV Applications2026-26-0160To be published on 01/16/2026
As light electric vehicles (LEVs) gain popularity, the development of efficient and compact on-board chargers (OBCs) has become a critical area of focus in power electronics. Conventional AC-DC topologies often face challenges, including high inrush currents during startup, which can stress components and affect system reliability. Furthermore, DC-DC converters often have a limited soft-switching range under light load conditions, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a novel 6.6 kW on-board charger architecture comprising a bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. The main contribution lies in the specific focus on enhancing startup behavior and switching performance. In PFC converters, limiting inrush current during startup is crucial, especially with fast-switching wide-bandgap devices like SiC or GaN. Conventional soft-start techniques fall short in of ensuring smooth voltage
Patil, Amruta, Bagade, Aniket
Life Cycle Assessment of Automotive Cables and GHG Emission Reduction Scenario in Indian Context2026-26-0240To be published on 01/16/2026
Globally, the share of emissions from transport is 15%, out of which more than 2/3rd emissions are contributed by road transport as per 2014 report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The need of mitigation measures in transport sector has been realised however the study of life cycle emission needs to be done with the tailpipe emissions so that some holistic solution can be worked upon. Strikingly, in the life cycle studies of a passenger car, it was found that the share of raw materials related to copper is around 50% of the total amount of raw material used and the share of copper in the curb weight of vehicle is just 1%. Also, for an Internal Combustion Engine vehicle (ICE), mostly the copper is used in the wiring harness. In this paper, the life cycle assessment of wiring harness is done to understand the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle stages. The comparative study of aluminium alloy and copper has also been done to know the change in
Kumar, Naman, Bawase, Moqtik, Thipse, Sukrut
A Comprehensive Strategy for Diesel Particulate Filter Calibration to Address the Diverse Applications of Stage V Construction Equipment Vehicles2026-26-0143To be published on 01/16/2026
The legislation of CEV Stage V emission norms has necessitated advanced Diesel Particulate Filter calibration strategies to ensure optimal performance across diverse construction equipment applications in the Indian market. Considering the various duty cycles of cranes, backhoe loaders, forklifts, compactors, graders, and other equipment, different load conditions and operational environments require a comprehensive strategy to enhance DPF efficiency, minimize regeneration frequency, and maintain compliance with emission standards. The DPF, as an after-treatment system in the exhaust layout, is essential for meeting emission standards, as it effectively traps particulate matter. Regeneration occurs periodically to burn the soot particles trapped inside the DPF through ECU management. Therefore, understanding soot loading and in-brick DPF temperature behavior across various applications is key. This paper explores the challenges in DPF calibration for CEV Stage V and provides a
Mohanty, Subham, Chaudhari, Kuldeepak, Patil, Lalit, Mahajan, Atish, Madhukar, Prahlad
The Viability of Ammonia in the Automotive Sector: Challenges and Opportunities2026-26-0128To be published on 01/16/2026
Ammonia has emerged as a promising alternative fuel for transportation because of its high energy density (NH3 has more hydrogen than propane in a similar size tank), simple and carbon-free combustion, and potential to produce sustainably. This paper investigates the feasibility of using ammonia as fuel for internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells in automotive applications. In many ways, ammonia captures these benefits by being produced from renewable energies and having the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. There are significant drawbacks of ammonia however, such as its decreased energy content per unit volume, NOx emissions potential, and necessary engine adaptations. This paper discusses the combustion characteristics of ammonia and how it functions in typical ICE's as well as new fuel cell technology, and the necessary infrastructure to produce, store, and distribute ammonia for automotive applications. The study compares operations to conventional fuels
Jadhav, Ajinkya, Bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, Sandeep D, Thipse, Sukrut S
Navigating Towards a Sustainable Future: India's Automotive Sector and the Path to Net Zero Emissions2026-26-0118To be published on 01/16/2026
This study examines the evolving landscape of India's automotive sector in the context of the global push for net-zero emissions. As the world's third-largest automotive market, India is poised to play a momentous role in this transition. The country's automotive sector is anticipated to experience rapid growth, with its market size projected to inflate from USD 437 billion in 2022 to USD 1.8 trillion by 2030. The study also highlights the importance of diverse mobility solutions, such as electric vehicles, green hydrogen, and alternative fuels like bio-CNG and ethanol, in addressing transportation challenges and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Indian government's comprehensive approach to promoting green mobility, while balancing the needs of a large and diverse population of 1.4 billion people, is a key focus of this research. Through a detailed analysis of economic, social, energy, regulatory, and technological factors, this study provides insights into the current dynamics
Seshan, Vivek, Bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, Sandeep D, Thipse, Sukrut S, De Castro Gomez, Daniel J.
Replacing Diesel Engines with CNG Engines – Impact on Emissions, Based on Chassis Dynamometer Tests of Medium and Heavy-Duty Buses2026-26-0127To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper compares carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and oxides of nitrogen emissions from medium and heavy-duty buses using diesel, diesel-hybrid, and CNG powertrains. Comparisons are made using results from chassis dynamometer-based tests with driving cycles intended to simulate a wide range of operating conditions. Tail pipe emissions are measured by diluting the vehicle’s exhaust in a full-scale dilution tunnel by mixing with conditioned air. Samples are drawn through probes of raw exhaust, diluted exhaust and measured using laboratory grade emission analyzers. Fuel consumption of diesel is measured using a weighing scale, while a gas flow meter is used for measuring CNG consumption. Experimental data from 19 buses tested on a chassis dynamometer over the last 8 years has been analyzed and a comparison of results from similar buses with the differently fueled powertrains is presented. Based on these test results, it is shown that replacing diesel engines with CNG engines
Iyer, Suresh
Revolutionizing Mass Mobility: Sustainable, Safe, and Smart Transport Ecosystems2026-26-0360To be published on 01/16/2026
Mass Mobility Systems are critical for a sustainable and progressive society. As the world confronts the serious challenges of global warming and urban traffic congestion, efficient mass mobility solutions become critical in reducing carbon footprints and enabling equitable access. Advancement in mass mobility is not limited to electric buses alone but also includes innovations across conventional ICE vehicles, autonomous vehicles, trains, and other integrated transport networks. Safety and accessibility for users remain critical to the sustainability of future mass mobility concepts. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in public transportation, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more resilient systems. Road safety, passenger well-being, and hygienic standards must be deeply embedded into future mobility solutions. Furthermore, strong last-mile connectivity will be essential to ensure that mass mobility truly meets the needs of all citizens. An effective Mass Mobility
Vasudevan, M, Kumar S, Ashok, Sridevi, M, Kumar, Rajiv, Kumar, Om
Optimizing Hydrogen Engine Performance a Comparative Study of Lean & Stoichiometric Calibration Approach2026-26-0261To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines offers numerous advantages, such as zero CO2 emissions and high flame speed, which make it a promising alternative fuel for green vehicle solutions. In order to maximize the engine performance with hydrogen, however, meticulous calibration of the air-fuel mixture must be performed, particularly when lean and stoichiometric combustion conditions are considered. Lean burning, i.e., excess air, offers better thermal efficiency and lower NOx emissions but can cause lower engine power and combustion instability. Stoichiometric combustion, however, ensures complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture, but at the cost of higher combustion temperatures and consequently, high NOx emissions. Calibration strategies for hydrogen engines are presented in this paper by comparing the lean and stoichiometric strategies and their implications on engine power output, efficiency, and emissions. Test data from several hydrogen engine configurations
Jadhav, Ajinkya, Bandyopadhyay, Debjyoti, Sutar, Prasanna S, Sonawane, Shailesh Balkrishna, Rairikar, Sandeep D, Thipse, Sukrut S
Development of an Oxy-Hydrogen Engine for Power Generation Application Using Simulation and Experiment2026-26-0260To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydrogen is a zero-carbon fuel suitable for the de-carbonization of power generation and the industrial sector. Green hydrogen produced via the electrolysis of water is the most sustainable fuel to achieve a net-zero carbon economy. Oxy-hydrogen (hydrogen and oxygen) generated onsite from the electrolyzer can be fed to engine with the intake air to enhance power and combustion efficiency with near-zero exhaust emissions. In this study, a 15 kVA two-cylinder natural gas spark-ignition generator set was used. The engine was retrofitted to operate on an oxy-hydrogen-air mixture. A maximum of 43% of rated engine load was achieved during the preliminary experiments. GT-Power software was used to calibrate the 1D model using experiment data and generate the burn profile of oxy-hydrogen-air mixture. The calibrated and validated 1D model was used for further predictive simulations. The power limiting factors were identified via simulations for flow and power improvement. The simulations
Marwaha, Akshey, Tule, Shubham, Mishrikotkar, Prasad, Aghav, Yogesh
Development of Flex Fuel Engine for Indian Market2026-26-0117To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the methodology and outcomes of modifying a 1.2L naturally aspirated (NA) engine to enable flex-fuel compatibility, targeting optimal performance with ethanol blends ranging from E20 to E100. Ethanol is being increasingly promoted due to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to provide an additional source of income for farmers. As per the road map for Ethanol blending released by Govt. of India, there has been continuous increase in blending of ethanol in gasoline. An initial target of 20% ethanol blending in gasoline by April 2025 has already been achieved. This work is in alignment with the broader push for development of flex-fuel vehicles, which necessitates engine adaptations capable of operating on varying ethanol blends. The primary objective was to upgrade the engine, which can give optimum performance with both lower range of ethanol blends starting from E20 as per IS 17021:2018 standard till higher blends of up to E100 as per IS 17821:2022
Tyagarajan, Sethuramalingam, Pise, Chetan, Kavekar, Pratap, Agarwal, Nishant Kumar
All New 1.2L Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine from Tata Motors2026-26-0071To be published on 01/16/2026
There is continuous push from the legislation for stringent fuel economy and emission regulations while the modern customers are demanding more engaging driving experience in terms of performance and refinement. To meet this Tata Motors has developed an advanced 1.2L 3-cylinder turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine. This next-generation powertrain delivers optimum efficiency, reduced emissions, superior performance with refined NVH characteristics. The key features used to enable these demanding requirements includes a 35 MPa fuel injection system, Miller Cycle operation and electrically actuated variable nozzel turbocharger (VNT). A uniquely designed BSVI complaint (WLTP ready) exhaust after-treatment system with Four-Way Conversion Catalyst (FWC+TM) ensures optimum emission control. A centrally mounted variable cam phaser minimizes pumping losses. The lightweight yet rigid all-aluminum engine structure, featuring an integrated structural oil sump, enhances durability and
Hosur, Viswanatha, Ghadge, Ganesh Narayan, Joshi, Manoj, Jadhav, Aashish, Panwar, Anupam
Development of a CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Tractor with Mechanical Fuel Injection System2026-26-0114To be published on 01/16/2026
Identification of renewable and sustainable energy solutions remains a key focus area for the engine designers of the modern world. An avenue of research and development is being vastly dedicated to propelling engines using alternate fuels. The chemistry of these alternate fuels is in general much simpler than fossil fuels, like diesel and gasoline. One such promising and easily available alternate fuel is compressed natural gas (CNG). In this work, a 3-cylinder, 3-liter naturally aspirated air-cooled diesel engine from the off-highway tractor application is converted into a CNG Diesel Dual fuel (CNG-DDF) engine. Part throttle performance test shows the higher NMHC and CO emissions in CNG-DDF mode which have been controlled by an oxidation catalyst in C1 8-mode emission test. A comparative performance shows that the thermal efficiency is up to 2% lower with CNG-DDF with respect to diesel. However, it has shown the benefit of 44% in Particulate Matter, while retaining the same NOx
Choudhary, Vasu, Mukherjee, Nalini, Kumar, Sanjeev, Tripathi, Ayush, Nene, Devendra
Comparative Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Strategies: Unveiling Challenges, Optimizing Benefits, and Exploring Future Potential2026-26-0201To be published on 01/16/2026
This research paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of lithium-ion battery recycling methods, tracing the entire journey from global demand to the practical challenges and solutions for sustainable battery recycling. It starts with the analysis of worldwide LIB demand growth alongside the exponential growth in volumes of spent batteries and recycling rates. The study focuses on the imbalance in production and recovery of critical battery components and its environmental and economic effects. The paper then systematically examines six major recycling methodologies: mechanical, pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, biotechnological, direct, and ion-exchange recycling. It goes into detail about their advantages, limitations, and roles in maximizing the recovery of valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Traditional techniques like hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods, and emerging approaches including bioleaching and ion-exchange, are evaluated for their
Jain, Gaurav, Premal, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang
Quantifying the Energy Consumption of HVAC Operation and Its Impact on the Range of Electric Buses Across Diverse Climatic Conditions2026-26-0204To be published on 01/16/2026
Electric buses (e-buses) are essential to sustainable public transport, but their real-world efficiency and range are heavily affected by auxiliary systems, particularly the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This study investigates how ambient temperature variations and HVAC loads influence energy consumption, range, and efficiency in e-buses operating under diverse climatic conditions. The methodology combines field data collection from urban e-buses across seasons—including extreme summer and winter—with controlled lab testing. Field measurements included ambient temperature, HVAC demand, vehicle speed, state of charge (SOC) variation, and energy consumption. These inputs were used to develop real-world duty cycles, replicating actual thermal loads, passenger profiles, idling periods, and driving patterns. In the lab, these cycles were simulated using a chassis dynamometer and environmental chamber, with HVAC systems tested at controlled ambient temperatures
Vishe, Prashant, Dalela, Saurabh, Saraswat, Shubham, Joshi, Madhusudan
Leveraging Advanced AI/ML Algorithms to Derive Actionable Insights from Fleet Vehicle In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring (IUPRm) Data2026-26-0637To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, growing concerns over environmental pollution have led to the implementation of increasingly stringent emission regulations worldwide. These regulations require not only the reduction of pollutant emissions but also robust monitoring of critical emission control components under real-world driving conditions. The In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring (IUPRm) framework quantifies how frequently onboard diagnostic systems evaluate these components within defined operational boundaries for each vehicle. IUPRm is organized into several monitoring groups, including catalyst monitoring, oxygen sensor monitoring, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) monitoring, and gasoline particulate filter monitoring. The specific groups and monitoring requirements vary based on fuel type (gasoline or diesel), engine technologies (such as variable valve timing or EGR), and exhaust system configurations (single or dual bank). For automakers, analyzing these parameters across large vehicle fleets
Ghadge, Ganesh Narayan, Jadhav, Marisha, Hosur, Viswanatha
Study of Drive Trace Indices and their correlation with CO2 in Chassis Dynamometer testing2026-26-0517To be published on 01/16/2026
With introduction of CAFÉ norms in India, the manufacturers of all M1 Category vehicles (not exceeding 3,500kg GVW) must ascertain that they comply with Annual Corporate average CO2 target as defined in regulation. Moreover, this target will become stricter in different stages in upcoming years. Hence CO2 emissions are becoming one of the major focus parameters during vehicle development. There are various factors that can impact CO2 emissions during measurement in test cycle such as MIDC/WLTC. One such major factor is driving variations. Although speed and time tolerances are provided during the test (as part of AIS 137/AIS 175) limit the variation, even within these tolerances, drive-related effects can be significant contributors to test results variability. Monitoring and control of such variations is important to understand the true fuel economy potential of the vehicle. Drive Trace indices are standardized metrics that can be used to evaluate the driving variations. The aim of
ER, Shivram, Rawat, Vijaypal, Khandelwal, Vineet, Kumar, Arun, Malhotra, Jitendra
Comprehensive Technology Framework for effective and early leveraging of test assets2026-26-0527To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is going through a tremendous technological change and its impact on the way we test the functionalities that we offer to the end consumer is continually evolving. This includes the ever-growing need to embed software-based functions to support more and more end user functionality, while at the same time retaining existing and well-established functions, all within short development timelines. This presents both opportunities and challenges, with greater potential for reuse or leverage of test assets, although the actual percentage of leverage on real world projects is practically less than anticipated for a multitude of reasons. As part of paper, we collate the various factors which effect the practical leverage of test assets from one project to another, including various workflows and the interaction across components amongst applications lifecycle management systems. Through this paper, we would describe the current practices of basis analysis in isolation
Venkata, Parameswaran, Kulkarni, Apoorva, RAJARAM, Saravanan, Ganesh, Chamarthi
Effect of E20 Fuel on Small Commercial Vehicle Powered of Twin Cylinder Gasoline engine2026-26-0565To be published on 01/16/2026
In alignment with its carbon reduction commitments, India is transitioning towards higher ethanol-blended fuels, with E20 set for nationwide implementation by 2025. Ethanol is a renewable, domestically sourced biofuel produced through fermentation of biomass such as sugarcane, corn. It possesses a higher octane rating and oxygen content compared to conventional gasoline, making it a favorable additive for improving engine performance and reducing emissions. This study investigates the impact of E20 fuel on performance parameters of a twin-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine. For deriving maximum benefits of increased Octane rating of E20, compression ratio increased. Experimental analysis was conducted to assess the changes in combustion behavior, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque output, engine out emissions and thermal efficiency when operating on E20 compared to baseline gasoline-E10. Results indicate that E20 enables more efficient combustion due to its higher laminar flame
Kulkarni, Deepak, Malekar, Hemant A, Thonge, Ravindra, Kanchan, Shubham
Smart Charge Port Housing with Integrated Single Shaft Self-Locking Mechanism for Electric Vehicles2026-26-0593To be published on 01/16/2026
This research presents the development of an advanced Smart Charge Port Housing system for electric vehicles that incorporates intelligent actuation and an integrated single shaft self-locking mechanism. Conventional charge port systems rely on communication with the vehicle’s Body Control Module or Vehicle Control Unit, limiting functionality when the vehicle is in an ignition-off state. The proposed Charge Port Housing addresses this limitation through a microcontroller-based rotary actuator capable of autonomous decision-making, storing the last known position of the lid and executing operations independently of the vehicle’s electronic control architecture. The actuator operates via wired input signals and supports seamless communication over the Local Interconnect Network protocol during ignition-on state. A key innovation lies in the mechanical design: a single shaft self-locking mechanism that combines actuation and locking into a compact, unified assembly, eliminating the need
Mohunta, Sanjay, Khadake, Sagar
Prediction of REESS factor for SOC correction in Hybrid Vehicles2026-26-0471To be published on 01/16/2026
The regulatory mechanisms to measure emissions from automobiles have evolved drastically over the years. Certification of CO2 emissions is one of them. It is not only critical for environmental protection but can also invite heavy fines to OEMs, if not complied with. In homologation test of a Hybrid Vehicle, it is necessary to correct the measured CO2 to account for deviations in measurement from failed Start-Stop phase and difference between start and end State of Charge (SOC) of battery. The correction methodology is also applicable for vehicle simulation in Software-in-Loop environment. The focus of this paper is on the correction of CO2 derived from SOC delta in Homologation cycle. The battery energy delta due to difference in SOC between start and end of drive cycle should be converted to corresponding fuel energy/CO2 expended from Internal Combustion Engine. The resulting correction factor is known as Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System (REESS) factor. To provide this
Gopinath, Shravanthi Poorigali, Khatod, Krishna
Enhancing Thermal Comfort and Vehicle Energy Efficiency: A Simulation Study Using GT ISE + TAITherm2026-26-0458To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is encountering difficulties in balancing occupant thermal comfort with HVAC system energy efficiency, particularly under the hot Indian conditions, to meet user expectations and address range anxiety in electric vehicles. Front-loaded comfort-based approach simulations during the development stages have the potential to increase energy savings compared to the stages required at the end of product design. The focus of the current research targets HVAC energy consumers, such as blower flow rates, temperatures, and Cabin heaters, and investigates how these factors influence occupant overall comfort. Additionally, design elements like glass properties and the impact of solar radiation on human comfort are studied at the early concept stages to adopt an energy-based approach for comfort optimization. Simulations are conducted using GT-SUITE and GT-TAITherm software, integrated with CFD field maps platforms to obtain exact flow field predictions. The simulation
Bavrisetti, Sai Sampath Kumar, Chothave, Abhijeet, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Khan, Parvej, Thiyagarajan, Rajesh, Raju, Kumar, A Sr, Mahesh
Mitigating Urea Deposits in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems through Software Control for Improved Performance in Low Duty Cycle Operations2026-26-0424To be published on 01/16/2026
In the pursuit of achieving stringent BS VI emission standards, maintaining the efficiency of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems is paramount, especially in vehicles operating under low duty cycles. A significant concern in such scenarios is the accumulation of urea deposits within the SCR, which can lead to detrimental push-out effects and compromised catalyst performance. This issue is particularly prevalent during low-temperature operations, where the conditions are less favorable for the effective conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx). To address this challenge, an innovative software control system has been developed to monitor operating conditions and detect potential urea deposit faults. The software continuously evaluates parameters such as temperature and vehicle duty cycle, identifying conditions that may lead to urea crystallization within the SCR system. When unfavorable conditions are detected, the software triggers a fault alert that activates a regeneration
K, Sabareeswaran, K K, Uthira Ramya Bala, Raju, Manikandan, K J, Ramkumar, YS, Ananthkumar
The Aerodynamic development of a Compact SUV for FE improvement and compliance with CAFE norms2026-26-0595To be published on 01/16/2026
The Mahindra 3XO is a compact SUV, the first-generation was introduced by Mahindra in 2018. This paper explores some of the challenges entailed in developing the next generation of this successful product, maintaining exterior design cues while at the same time improving its aerodynamic efficiency. A development approach is outlined that made use of both CFD simulation and Coastdown testing at MSPT (Mahindra SUV proving track). Drag coefficient improvement of 40 counts (1 count = 0.001 Cd) can be obtained for the best vehicle exterior configuration by paying particular attention to: • AGS development to limit the drag due to cooling airflow • Front wheel deflector optimization • Mid underbody cover development (beside the LH & RH side skirting) • Wheel Rim optimization • Rear wake control strategy In this paper we have analysed the impact of these design changes on the aerodynamic flow field, Pressure plots and consequently drag development over the vehicle length is highlighted. An
Vihan, Nikhil
Indian City Electric Bus Powertrain Optimization Using Active Learning Simulation Methodology2026-26-0657To be published on 01/16/2026
Public transport electrification is going to play a massive role in India's COP26 pledge to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. India plans to electrify 800,000 buses in a push towards 30% EV penetration by 2030. Further encouraged by government incentives under National Electric Bus Program (NEBP), eBus market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~86% annually over the next 5 years. With most OEMs going for fleet electrification for reducing CO2 emissions and to cater to growing demand in Indian cities for cleaner public transport, improving powertrain efficiency and performance of state-of-the-art eBuses is a natural progression of e-mobility sector development in India. The first step in designing powertrain for an electric city bus is to determine the motor(s) size and transmission specifications (number of gears, gear ratios etc.). Complications arise due to a wider and non-linear operation range of eBus. This study focuses on powertrain optimization for a medium duty electric city
Sandhu, Rouble, Chen, Bicheng, Emran, Ashraf, Xia, Feihong, Lin, Xiao, Berry, Sushil
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 42128