Browse Topic: Environment

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Reduction of Inductive Losses in Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging through Resonant Coupling2026-28-0123To be published on 02/12/2026
The growing awareness about sustainability and environmental concerns are accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles. They play a promising role due to their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality and lessen reliance on fossil fuels. However, one of the primary concerns for potential buyers is the charging process and infrastructure. Traditional wired charging systems for electric vehicles face limitations such as user inconvenience, wear and tear of connectors and challenges in automation. As a solution, wireless electric vehicle charging has emerged, offering a more user-friendly, automated and contactless method of charging by eliminating the need for physical connectors. Wireless charging can be implemented through various approaches, primarily including inductive and resonant methods. Inductive charging suffers from relatively low efficiency due to higher energy losses during transmission. On the other hand, resonant coupling
Shaik, Amjad, Gudipati, Ravi Sai Hemanth, B, Vikranth Reddy, Anudeep, D B S S, Varshith, Dasari
ALTERNATE CATALYST FOR DOC IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER2026-28-0016To be published on 02/12/2026
Emission norms have become much more stringent to reduce emissions from vehicles. Diesel engines in particular are the predominant contributors to higher emissions. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) in diesel engine catalytic converter systems is the crucial component in reducing harmful emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC). DOCs often rely on expensive noble metals like platinum or palladium and rhodium as catalyst materials,significantly inflating the cost of emission control units. The proposed idea is to explore MnOxCeO₂ (Manganese Oxide-Cerium Oxide) as an alternative catalyst to traditional DOC materials, with the goal of delivering effective oxidation performance while reducing overall system cost. MnOx-CeO₂ catalysts are promising due to their good low-temperature activity, oxygen storage capacity, and redox behaviour, which are beneficial for diesel engines operating under varied conditions. These properties help improve the oxidation of CO and HC
C, Jegadheesan, T, Karthi, Rajendran, Pawan, Muruganantham, Kowshiik, S, Vaitheeshwaran
Enhancing combustion, performance and emission profiles using kapok methyl ester blends with hydrogen2026-28-0058To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the potential of using a dual green alternative fuel combination, the one is hydrogen fuel and another one is biodiesel for enhancing the Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The kapok oil methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 20% (K20) and 40% (K40) by volume. The hydrogen gas was supplied at a constant flow of 4 liter per minute (LPM). The experimental fuels are neat diesel D100, K20 (80% Diesel and 20 % kapok methylester), K40 (60% Diesel + 40 % Kapok methyleter), K20 + H4L (K20 with 4 LPM hydrogen) and K40+H4L (K40 with 4 LPM hydrogen). These blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, combustion, performance and emissions characteristic were evaluated and compared with base fuel. The results indicated that te use of B20 and B40 blends without hydrogen led to reduced brake thermal efficiency due to
Anbarasan, B, M, KUMARESAN, Balamurugan PhD, S, Rajesh, Munnusamy
MINER’S SAFETY BOT2026-28-0116To be published on 02/12/2026
Mining remains one of the most hazardous industries, with workers constantly exposed to life-threatening conditions such as toxic gases, high temperatures, and confined spaces. To address these concerns, we propose the design and development of an autonomous Miner’s Safety Bot aimed at enhancing underground safety through real-time environmental monitoring and intelligent navigation. The system is built around the ESP32 microcontroller, integrating critical sensors including the MQ7 gas sensor for detecting carbon monoxide and methane, the DHT11 sensor for measuring ambient temperature, and an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. These components work to monitor hazardous parameters and assist the bot in navigating through narrow mine shafts. A servo motor connected to a remote-controlled chassis adjusts the bot's direction when obstacles are detected. The bot employs the ESP32-CAM module to transmit live visuals from the mining site to external observers. Furthermore, sensor data
D, SUCHITRA, D, ANITHA, MUTHUKUMARAN, BALASUBRAMANIAM, MOHANRAJ, SIDDHARTH, SUBASH CHANDRA BOSE, ROHAN
Mechanical Performance & Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of E - Glass and Areca Fibers2026-28-0073To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the vibration characteristics of hybrid composite laminated plates made from E-glass and areca fibers, targeting applications that demand both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability. The motivation stems from the growing interest in replacing synthetic fibers with natural alternatives in structural applications, particularly for lightweight and vibration-sensitive components. Areca fiber, an abundant and biodegradable natural material, was combined with high-strength E-glass fiber to form hybrid laminates using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process. Three distinct composite plates were fabricated with different stacking sequences and filler variations using epoxy resin and brake lining powder. The mechanical integrity and vibrational behavior of these plates were then studied using experimental modal analysis. The tests were conducted under three boundary conditions: fully clamped (C-C-C-C), two-edge clamped (C-F-C-F), and
D R, Rajkumar, O, Vivin Lenin, R, Saktheevel, R G, Ajay Krishna, Ng, Bhavan
Galvanic Corrosion Susceptibility Analysis and Mitigation strategies in Automotive Battery Packs2026-28-0018To be published on 02/12/2026
As electric vehicles continue to revolutionize transportation, ensuring the reliability of their powertrain systems and battery packs has become a critical focus. One key challenge is galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals in contact are exposed to an electrolyte, such as seashore moisture or road salt used in snow or ice zones. This corrosion can weaken structural components, compromise electrical conductivity, and reduce the lifespan of critical systems. Common areas at risk include metallic joints within battery enclosures, busbars, cooling systems, and electrical connectors. Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature fluctuations further amplify the issue, making it a pressing concern for manufacturers. This paper aims to systematically identify critical galvanic joints within electric powertrain systems and battery packs and provide effective strategies to mitigate corrosion risks. Preventative measures include choosing compatible materials with
NARAIN, ADITYA, Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
Design and Development of Integrated Brake and Bull Cage System for Enhanced Tractor Performance and Sustainability2026-28-0005To be published on 02/12/2026
Conventional tractor transmission systems feature separate Brake and Bull Cage housings, with brakes often being proprietary components and Bull Cage designed by the Original Equipment manufacturer (OE). To optimize design and performance, an innovative integrated system was developed, combining an in-house braking system with a unitized Bull Cage assembly. This robust design reduces part count, eliminates proprietary dependency (except for friction liners), and enhances performance. Virtual simulations performed under RWUP conditions demonstrated enhanced strength and stiffness in the integrated design. In this Integrated Brake & Bull Cage assembly (IBCA) , the braking layout was reconfigured from a 4+1 friction design to a 3+2 configuration which improved balancing, enhancing customer braking experience and increasing contact area by 11%. This adjustment extends friction liner life and boosts mechanical advantage by 7.5%, significantly improving tractor stability and performance
Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy, Dhanale, Swapnil, Perumal, Solairaj, Gomes, Maxson, Redkar, Dinesh, Savant, Kedarnath, V, SARAVANAN
Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable EV Battery Recycling: A Technical Framework for EBRR.2026-28-0092To be published on 02/12/2026
This technical paper presents a comprehensive framework for implementing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project at EV Batteries Recycling and Regulation (EBRR), focusing on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles (EVs). It identifies key environmental hotspots across resource extraction, battery manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life (EoL) stages. The study evaluates recycling techniques—namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and cascade reuse—to quantify environmental benefits and emission reduction opportunities. The paper uses a cradle-to-grave system boundary with LCA - Ecoinvent datasets, applying ISO 14040/44 standards. Results show that manufacturing accounts for over 60% of life cycle emissions, primarily driven by energy intensity. Transitioning to renewable energy and adopting hydrometallurgical recycling can reduce Global Warming Potential (GWP) by up to 40%. Cascade reuse, when combined with hydrometallurgy, offers the best outcomes with GWP as low as 200 kg
Asokan, Gayathri, Raju cEng, Rajkumar, Dhananjaya, Chandan, Sattigeri cEng, Sudhir V
Development of Plug-in Hybrid Motorbike and Analysis towards Sustainable Urban Mobility2026-28-0111To be published on 02/12/2026
The transportation system is one major catalyst to urban ecological imbalance. In developing countries, two-wheelers are considered a major mode of urban personal transportation because of their compactness, easy maneuver in heavy traffic and good fuel efficiency. In India, middle and lower middle-class people prefer to choose two wheelers and these vehicles are dominantly fueled by gasoline. Although, the energy consumption by a two-wheeler is comparatively less than that of a four-wheeler, they use about 60% of the nation's petroleum for on-road vehicles and the impact on urban air quality and climatic change is significantly high. This high proportion of gasoline utilization and emission contribution by two wheelers in cities demand greater attention as a way to improve urban air quality and near-term energy sustainability. Electrification of two-wheelers through the application of a plug-in hybrid idea is a promising solution. A plug-in hybrid motorbike was developed by putting
Kannan, Prashanth, Shaik, Amjad, Talluri, Srinivasa Rao
Dual use of Electric Vehicle infrastructure for Enhancing Grid Resilience and Urban Sustainability2026-28-0114To be published on 02/12/2026
The rapid global adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has led to a surge in the deployment of EV charging stations. Beyond their primary role of vehicle charging, these stations hold potential as dynamic, grid-connected assets for sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). When integrated with renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, EV charging stations can function as decentralized power units, supplying energy to the grid during times of need. This dual functionality allows them to act as flexible loads that mitigate voltage fluctuations during grid faults, facilitating access to reliable energy (SDG 7). Utilizing existing EV infrastructure in this way reduces the need for additional grid-support devices and supports resource efficiency (SDG 13) promoting a low-carbon energy transition. However, their ability to support the grid is limited when fully committed to meeting charging demands, especially during grid faults. To address this challenge, a novel coordinated operation
R, Uthra, Rangarajan, Ravi, D, Suchitra, D, Anitha
Enhanced Solar Desalination Using Natural Dolomite-Integrated PCM and MWCN Thermal Storage: An Experimental Study2026-28-0082To be published on 02/12/2026
Systems for solar desalination provide a practical and environmentally friendly way to turn salty or polluted water into drinkable water. Three configurations are experimentally investigated in this study: a traditional solar desalination system, a system integrated with a thermal energy storage unit (TESU) based on phase change material (PCM), Multi wall Carbon nano particle were mixed with PCM at 1% of total volume of the PCM and a system that incorporates powdered natural dolomite into the PCM-based TESU. Each of the four configurations was created, tested simultaneously, and thoroughly examined. In comparison to the traditional system, the experimental findings showed that the adoption of PCM-based TESUs increased daily cumulative water output by 11.41%, 14.8% with addition of MWCNT and the addition of dolomite powder further increased productivity by 18.60%. Furthermore, the energy efficiency increased by16.1% with PCM, PCM with MWCNT is increased by 17.43% and 18.18% with the
R L, Krupakaran, Petla, Ratnakamala, Anchupogu, Praveen, P, Umamaheswarrao, SATYA MEHER, R, Dunna PhD, Vijay
Multi-Objective Optimization of WAAM for Sustainable Production of Automotive-Grade Components2026-28-0030To be published on 02/12/2026
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a promising technology for fabricating large-scale metal components with reduced material waste and lead time, aligning with the goals of sustainable manufacturing. This study presents a multi-objective optimization approach for WAAM to enhance both the manufacturing efficiency and sustainability of automotive-grade components. Key process parameters such as travel speed, wire feed rate, and current were systematically varied to evaluate their impact on dimensional accuracy, mechanical performance, and energy consumption. A statistical design of experiments framework was employed, and multiple performance objectives were optimized simultaneously using suitable decision-making techniques. The results demonstrate that optimized WAAM settings not only meet structural and functional requirements for automotive applications but also contribute to material and energy savings. This approach supports the integration of sustainability into
Pasupuleti, Thejasree
Quantifying the Energy Consumption of HVAC Operation and Its Impact on the Range of Electric Buses Across Diverse Climatic Conditions2026-26-0204To be published on 01/16/2026
Electric buses (e-buses) are essential to sustainable public transport, but their real-world efficiency and range are heavily affected by auxiliary systems, particularly the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This study investigates how ambient temperature variations and HVAC loads influence energy consumption, range, and efficiency in e-buses operating under diverse climatic conditions. The methodology combines field data collection from urban e-buses across seasons—including extreme summer and winter—with controlled lab testing. Field measurements included ambient temperature, HVAC demand, vehicle speed, state of charge (SOC) variation, and energy consumption. These inputs were used to develop real-world duty cycles, replicating actual thermal loads, passenger profiles, idling periods, and driving patterns. In the lab, these cycles were simulated using a chassis dynamometer and environmental chamber, with HVAC systems tested at controlled ambient temperatures
Vishe, Prashant, Dalela, Saurabh, Saraswat, Shubham, Joshi, Madhusudan
Mitigating Urea Deposits in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems through Software Control for Improved Performance in Low Duty Cycle Operations2026-26-0424To be published on 01/16/2026
In the pursuit of achieving stringent BS VI emission standards, maintaining the efficiency of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems is paramount, especially in vehicles operating under low duty cycles. A significant concern in such scenarios is the accumulation of urea deposits within the SCR, which can lead to detrimental push-out effects and compromised catalyst performance. This issue is particularly prevalent during low-temperature operations, where the conditions are less favorable for the effective conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx). To address this challenge, an innovative software control system has been developed to monitor operating conditions and detect potential urea deposit faults. The software continuously evaluates parameters such as temperature and vehicle duty cycle, identifying conditions that may lead to urea crystallization within the SCR system. When unfavorable conditions are detected, the software triggers a fault alert that activates a regeneration
K, Sabareeswaran, K K, Uthira Ramya Bala, Raju, Manikandan, K J, Ramkumar, YS, Ananthkumar
Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and emission control2026-26-0285To be published on 01/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technology to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium. The Niobium addition will reduce wear debris and improve NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness). The test methodology included: Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, and Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
The Aerodynamic development of a Compact SUV for FE improvement and compliance with CAFE norms2026-26-0595To be published on 01/16/2026
The Mahindra 3XO is a compact SUV, the first-generation was introduced by Mahindra in 2018. This paper explores some of the challenges entailed in developing the next generation of this successful product, maintaining exterior design cues while at the same time improving its aerodynamic efficiency. A development approach is outlined that made use of both CFD simulation and Coastdown testing at MSPT (Mahindra SUV proving track). Drag coefficient improvement of 40 counts (1 count = 0.001 Cd) can be obtained for the best vehicle exterior configuration by paying particular attention to: • AGS development to limit the drag due to cooling airflow • Front wheel deflector optimization • Mid underbody cover development (beside the LH & RH side skirting) • Wheel Rim optimization • Rear wake control strategy In this paper we have analysed the impact of these design changes on the aerodynamic flow field, Pressure plots and consequently drag development over the vehicle length is highlighted. An
Vihan, Nikhil
Smart Charge Port Housing with Integrated Single Shaft Self-Locking Mechanism for Electric Vehicles2026-26-0593To be published on 01/16/2026
This research presents the development of an advanced Smart Charge Port Housing system for electric vehicles that incorporates intelligent actuation and an integrated single shaft self-locking mechanism. Conventional charge port systems rely on communication with the vehicle’s Body Control Module or Vehicle Control Unit, limiting functionality when the vehicle is in an ignition-off state. The proposed Charge Port Housing addresses this limitation through a microcontroller-based rotary actuator capable of autonomous decision-making, storing the last known position of the lid and executing operations independently of the vehicle’s electronic control architecture. The actuator operates via wired input signals and supports seamless communication over the Local Interconnect Network protocol during ignition-on state. A key innovation lies in the mechanical design: a single shaft self-locking mechanism that combines actuation and locking into a compact, unified assembly, eliminating the need
Mohunta, Sanjay, Khadake, Sagar
A LOW PRESSURE PUMPLESS DEF DOSING SYSTEM BY USING COMPRESSED AIR AND AN AIR ASSISTED DEF INJECTION NOZZLE2026-26-0219To be published on 01/16/2026
This study emphasizes on development of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) dosing system specifically used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of diesel engine for emission control ,where a low pressure pumpless DEF dosing system is developed, utilizing compressed air for pressurizing the DEF tank and discharging DEF through air assisted DEF injection nozzle. SCR systems utilize Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) to convert harmful NOx emissions from diesel engines into harmless nitrogen and water vapor. Factors such as improper storage, handling, or refilling practices can lead to DEF contamination which pose significant operational challenges for SCR systems. Traditional piston-type, diaphragm-type, or gear-type pumps in DEF dosing systems are prone to mechanical failures leading to frequent maintenance, repairs, and costly downtimes for vehicles. To overcome the existing challenges and to create a more reliable and simple DEF delivery mechanism the pumpless DEF Dosing system is developed. The
M, Hareni, Giridharan, Jyothivel, A.l, Suresh, V, Yuvaraj, Rajan, Bharath
A Comparative Analysis of Passenger Car Fuel Economy between Laboratory and Real Driving Testing2026-26-0225To be published on 01/16/2026
In India, fuel economy is one of the most critical factors influencing a customer's decision to own a passenger car. Beyond consumer preference, fuel consumption also plays a significant role in the nation's energy security. Inline of this, the government promotes fuel-efficient vehicles and technologies through various regulations, policies, and mandates. Vehicle manufacturers, in response, focus on designing vehicles that align with both customer expectations and regulatory requirements. Fuel economy certification is typically based on standardized laboratory tests that simulate controlled environmental conditions, driving cycle (MIDC), vehicle load, and operation of electrical and electronic systems. However, actual on-road driving conditions by end user vary significantly due to factors such as traffic conditions, ambient temperature, air conditioning use, driving behaviour and variable loading of the vehicle. With implementation of Bharat Stage VI, Real Driving Emission (RDE
Singh, Abhay Pratap, Bathina, Revanth Kumar, Tijare, Shantanu
A Thermoelectric System for Emission Control Optimization in Two-Wheeler Automotive Applications2026-26-0218To be published on 01/16/2026
Environmental pollution is one of the growing concerns of our society. As vehicle emissions are a major contributor to air pollution, emission control is a primary goal of the Automotive industry. Vehicle emissions are higher due to improper combustion, which leads to toxic gases being generated from the exhaust system. Unburnt fuel is one of the leading causes of toxic pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxides (NOx) and Hydrocarbons. The catalytic converter converts these gases into less toxic substances such as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, and water vapor. The catalytic converter performs efficiently after reaching its “Light Off” temperature, after which the catalyst becomes active. Hence, elevated temperature of the exhaust gases aids in efficient conversion. Presently, the gases from the exhaust system are approximately at a temperature of 300°C-600°C. This paper outlines the concept of a Peltier (Thermoelectric) Module - based system, which helps maintain the high
Venkateshwaran, Aishwarya, Soodlu, Shashikiran, M, Mathaiyan
CS Structure: New generation metallic catalyst substrate for 2- and 3-Wheeler applications2026-26-0220To be published on 01/16/2026
Affordable, efficient and durable catalytic converters for the two and three-wheeler industry in developing countries are required to reduce vehicle emissions and to maintain them at a low level; and therefore to participate in a cleaner and healthier environment. Especially, Metallic catalyst substrates from Emitec Technologies GmbH with structured foils like the Longitudinal StructureTM (LS) are fully compatible to this effort with more than 90% share of produced 2/3 Wheelers metallic catalyst substrates for the Indian customers in 2024. One decade after the market introduction of this LS structure, Emitec Technologies GmbH will introduce now a new generation of foil structure: the Crossversal StructureTM (CS) that improves further the affordability, the efficiency of metallic catalytic converters, keeping the durability at same level than previous substrate generation. The paper will briefly review the development of metallic substrates for 2/3 wheelers applications, especially the
Jayat, Francois, Seifert, Sven, Bhalla, Ashish, Ganapathy, Narayana Prakash
Evaluating the Environmental Footprint of Electric Vehicles: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Sustainable Mobility in India2026-26-0235To be published on 01/16/2026
Road transport contributes 12% of India's energy-related CO2 emissions and is a major source of urban air pollution. These emissions have tripled since 1990, driven by rapid urbanization and the growing demand for private vehicles. Without a shift away from fossil fuels, these trends will intensify climate and air quality challenges. Among sustainable alternatives, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution. However, a comprehensive understanding of their environmental performance, particularly in the Indian context, is essential for informed decision-making. This study employs a Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of typical passenger vehicle with a ICE engine compared to its EV powertrain. Key life cycle stages-manufacturing, transportation, distribution, maintenance, and end-of-life-are analysed using real-world data wherever feasible. To capture the evolving energy landscape, the study incorporates India's projected
Sonawane, Nayan, Sathaye, Asmita, Gode, Abhishek, Deshpande, Ashish, Shinde, Harshavardhan, Kothe, Anjali
Correlation of Particulate Matter Species on Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle with Ethanol Blended Gasoline: Real Drive Emissions based Portable Emission Measurement System2026-26-0216To be published on 01/16/2026
On the way to net zero emissions and to reduce the oil import bills, NITI Aayog, Government of India and Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG) has rolled out roadmap for ethanol blending in India during 2020-2025. Further, Achieving 15% ethanol blending in 2024, India targeted 20% by 2025 and mostly reached the desired percentage for the Pan India EBMS programme. Considering these Government's initiatives the current work is an interventional study on BSVI compliant gasoline direct injection vehicle with RDE compliant route (Route formulated by Indian Oil R&D Centre) using different ethanol blended gasoline fuel formulations i.e., E0 (Neat Gasoline), E10 (10% Ethanol in gasoline) & E20 (20% Ethanol in gasoline) for the correlation and assessment of exhaust emissions. The brief study is aimed to determine the compliance of Conformity Factor (C.F.) for ethanol blended gasoline fuel on Direct Injection gasoline engine. The conformity factors were calculated in each case for CO, NOx
Kant, Chander, Arora, Ajay, Saroj, Shyamsher, Kumar, Prashant, Sithananthan, M, Chakradhar, Dr Maya, Kalita, Mrinmoy
Data-Driven Modeling for Hydrogen ICE Emission Prediction and ATS Performance Benchmarking2026-26-0386To be published on 01/16/2026
This study presents a novel methodology for benchmarking Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2E) emissions against diesel vehicle configurations, emphasizing Real-Drive Emission (RDE) test procedures. By leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, emission profiles for legal cycles and RDE scenarios are predicted. Integrated data pipelines and physics-based modeling enable virtual evaluations of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system performance, ammonia dosing accuracy, and exhaust temperature dynamics. Key results demonstrate high prediction accuracy across models, including temperature (R² > 0.94, RMS error <25°C), air flow (92% accuracy, RMSE = 28 kg/h), upstream NOx (93% accuracy, RMSE <10 mg/s), and SCR (TP NOx accuracy = 85%, dosing accuracy = 90%). This approach significantly reduces the need for extensive on-road driving tests, as the model performs most of the work, thereby lowering development costs and supporting OEMs in
Shah, Jash Vipin, S, Manoj Kumar, Ratnaparkhi, Aditya, H, Shivaprakash
Design & Optimization of CV shaft system to address powertrain induced NVH issues2026-26-0336To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is a crucial sector that plays a significant role globally. Government policies have a profound impact on this automotive industry in defining the regulatory standards and emission controls. Such regulations incentivized automakers to invest in research and development complying those standards towards reduction of vehicle emission which intern result in higher torsional vibrations and excitations amplitudes. To address the rising NVH related concerns in driveline system. Drive shafts (CV shafts) is an important component in power-train system in vehicle. Drive shaft’s main purpose to transfer torque from engines to wheels at multiple speeds with different articulation angles. The roughness generated by the engine follows a transfer path from engine to transaxle and transaxle to half shafts in monocoque vehicles which generates discomfort to the drivers whenever the vehicle is driven. The roughness can also be addressed by proper design of driveshaft stiffness
M A, Abdul Azarrudin, Jayachandran, Suresh kumar, Kumar, Shivani, Bhardwaj, Kinshuk, M, Devamanalan, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, Ahire, Manoj
Effect of E20 Fuel on Small Commercial Vehicle Powered of Twin Cylinder Gasoline engine2026-26-0565To be published on 01/16/2026
In alignment with its carbon reduction commitments, India is transitioning towards higher ethanol-blended fuels, with E20 set for nationwide implementation by 2025. Ethanol is a renewable, domestically sourced biofuel produced through fermentation of biomass such as sugarcane, corn. It possesses a higher octane rating and oxygen content compared to conventional gasoline, making it a favorable additive for improving engine performance and reducing emissions. This study investigates the impact of E20 fuel on performance parameters of a twin-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine. For deriving maximum benefits of increased Octane rating of E20, compression ratio increased. Experimental analysis was conducted to assess the changes in combustion behavior, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque output, engine out emissions and thermal efficiency when operating on E20 compared to baseline gasoline-E10. Results indicate that E20 enables more efficient combustion due to its higher laminar flame
Kulkarni, Deepak, Malekar, Hemant A, Thonge, Ravindra, Kanchan, Shubham
Enhancing Thermal Comfort and Vehicle Energy Efficiency: A Simulation Study Using GT ISE + TAITherm2026-26-0458To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is encountering difficulties in balancing occupant thermal comfort with HVAC system energy efficiency, particularly under the hot Indian conditions, to meet user expectations and address range anxiety in electric vehicles. Front-loaded comfort-based approach simulations during the development stages have the potential to increase energy savings compared to the stages required at the end of product design. The focus of the current research targets HVAC energy consumers, such as blower flow rates, temperatures, and Cabin heaters, and investigates how these factors influence occupant overall comfort. Additionally, design elements like glass properties and the impact of solar radiation on human comfort are studied at the early concept stages to adopt an energy-based approach for comfort optimization. Simulations are conducted using GT-SUITE and GT-TAITherm software, integrated with CFD field maps platforms to obtain exact flow field predictions. The simulation
Bavrisetti, Sai Sampath Kumar, Chothave, Abhijeet, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Khan, Parvej, Thiyagarajan, Rajesh, Raju, Kumar, A Sr, Mahesh
Vibration modelling of high-pressure fuel lines driven by pressure pulsation.2026-26-0319To be published on 01/16/2026
When the flow of fluid within a high-pressure line is abruptly halted, pressure pulsations are generated. This phenomenon is known as the water hammer effect. This may lead to significant stress and, in the worst-case scenario, result in various types of failures within the highly pressurized system. Similar issue is observed in diesel high pressure fuel line where pressure is well above 1600 bar. Due to multiple injection on off event, pressure pulsation gets created inside high pressure fuel lines (HPFL) which leads problems such as high strain on high pressure fuel lines, mechanical damage, uneven fuel injected quantity, vibration beyond specification limits for rail pressure sensor or in worst case extreme noise. Due to pressure pulsation, fluid will have its own natural frequency, and resonance occurs when it interacts with structural frequency. In this work, A comparative FEA analysis is conducted to evaluate strain in two distinct high-pressure fuel lines, with pressure
Bawache, Krushna Ramesh, Sethy, Girija Kumari
Development and Validation of a 1D Model for Evaluating Transmission Efficiency in Vehicles2026-26-0066To be published on 01/16/2026
This study develops a one-dimensional (1D) model to enhance transmission efficiency by evaluating power losses within a transmission system. The model simulates power flow and identifies losses at various stages such as gear mesh, bearing, churning, and windage losses. Using ISO/TR 14179, which provides a method for calculating the thermal transmittable power of gear drives with an analytical heat balance model, the 1D model ensures accurate thermal capacity evaluation under standard conditions. A key advantage of this 1D model is its efficiency in saving time compared to more complex 3D modelling, making it particularly useful during the conceptual stage of transmission system development. This allows engineers to quickly assess and optimize transmission efficiency before committing to more detailed and time-consuming 3D simulations. To validate the model, experimental tests were conducted at various motor speeds (RPM) and torque values, using high-precision sensors and dynamometers
Bandi, Nagendra Reddy, Kolla, Kalyan, P, Selvandran, Pulugundla, Krishna Chaitanya, M A, Naveen Kumar
Technologies and Strategies for High Break Thermal Efficiency Gasoline Engine to Meet the Future CO2 Emission Targets in India2026-26-0072To be published on 01/16/2026
The Indian automobile industry is experiencing a significant shift, propelled by environmental necessities and national climate obligations set at the CoP26 summit, aiming for a 45% decrease in CO₂ emissions by 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality by 2070 [1]. Transportation continues to be a significant source of air pollution; consequently, India is enhancing its regulatory frameworks with BS VI Stage 2 regulations, CAFE Phase III norms set for 2027, and CAFE Phase IV by 2032 [2]. Furthermore, the transition from MIDC to WLTP driving cycle is meant to increase the accuracy of the efficiency and emissions assessments [2]. To comply to these upcoming regulations, the automotive industry is moving toward producing high efficiency engines in India. A naturally aspirated (NA) 1.5L, 4- cylinder inline gasoline engine was selected from Indian market for this study. Maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of this engine is around 35%. Assessment of new technologies were performed by
Garg, Shivam, Fischer, Marcus, Emran, Ashraf, Jagodzinski, Bartosch, Franzke, Bjoern
Thermal Management and Engine Calibration Strategies for Enhanced Passive DPF Regeneration in CEV Stage V CI Engines2026-26-0141To be published on 01/16/2026
Meeting the stringent emissions norms of CEV stage V for medium BMEP engines, CI engines present significant challenges. These stringent norms call for a highly efficient DPF. With the increasing demands for high-performance DPFs, the issue of soot accumulation and cleaning presents significant hurdles for DPF longevity. This paper explores the potential of passive DPF regeneration, which leverages naturally occurring exhaust gas conditions to oxidize accumulated soot, offering a promising approach to minimize fuel penalty and system complexity compared to active regeneration methods. The study investigates engine calibration techniques aimed at enhancing passive regeneration performance, emphasizing the optimization of thermal management strategies to sustain DPF temperatures within the passive regeneration range. Furthermore, the paper aims to expand the applicability of passive regeneration across diverse engine loads common in off-highway applications with effective passive
Saxena, Harshit, Gandhi, Naresh, Lokare, Prasad, Shinde, Prashant, Patil, Ajit, Raut, Ashish
Improving Cold Start and Transient Performance of Medium BMEP CEV Stage V Engines at Low Ambient Temperature and Pressure2026-26-0142To be published on 01/16/2026
Meeting the stringent emissions norms of CEV stage V for medium BMEP engines, CI engines present significant challenges, particularly concerning cold startability. Low ambient temperatures and pressures intensify the cold start difficulties which are characterized by prolonged cranking, incidences of misfiring, compromised transient response and overall engine performance. This paper highlights the strategies and technologies employed to enhance cold start and transient performance of medium BMEP engines under such demanding environmental conditions. Investigations were conducted up to an altitude of 4500m and ambient temperatures as low as-20°C, utilizing only air heater at intake manifold as the sole cold start aid. This cost effective approach is integrated with an optimized combustion chamber design, along with minimal pilot injection timing and quantity to facilitate smooth ignition and stable combustion during cold start. The paper also explore the techniques to improve the
Saxena, Harshit, Lokare, Prasad, Santhosh, Ajith, Gandhi, Naresh, Shinde, Prashant
Path Planning and Control Strategies for a Semi-Autonomous Light Commercial Vehicle Navigating and Avoiding Static Obstacles in Urban Environments2026-26-0134To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the design and implementation of a Semi-Autonomous Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) capable of following a person while performing obstacle avoidance in urban and controlled environments. The LCV leverages its onboard 360-degree view camera, RTK-GNSS, Ultrasonic sensors, and algorithms to independently navigate the environment, avoiding obstacles and maintaining a safe distance from the person it is following. The proposed system employs a path planning algorithm that generates a secondary lateral path originating from the primary driving path to navigate around static obstacles. A Behavior Planner is utilized to decide when to generate the path and avoid obstacles, ensuring timely and efficient navigation adjustments. The primary objective is to ensure seamless and safe navigation in environments where obstacles are present. The LCV's path tracking is achieved using a combination of Pure Pursuit and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The Pure Pursuit controller
Ayyappan, Vimal Raj, Dhanopia, Rashmi, Ali, Ashpak, N, Ragesh, Sato, Hiromitsu
Predictive SoC Management for Enhanced Recuperation Efficiency in Electric Vehicles2026-26-0154To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, the automotive industry has been looking into alternatives for conventional vehicles to promote a sustainable transportation future having a lesser carbon footprint. Electric Vehicles (EV) are a promising choice as they produce zero tail pipe emissions. However, even with the demand for EVs increasing, the charging infrastructure is still a concern, which leads to range anxiety. This necessitates the judicious use of battery charge and reduce the energy wastage occurring at any point. In EVs, regenerative braking is an additional option which helps in recuperating the battery energy during vehicle deceleration. The amount of energy recuperated mainly depends on the current State of Charge (SoC) of the battery and the battery temperature. Typically, the amount of recuperable energy reduces as the current SoC moves closer to 100%. Once this limit is reached, the excess energy available for recuperation is discharged through the brake resistor/pads. This paper proposes a
Barik, Madhusmita, S, Sethuraman, Aruljothi, Sathishkumar
Study of Drive Trace Indices and their correlation with CO2 in Chassis Dynamometer testing2026-26-0517To be published on 01/16/2026
With introduction of CAFÉ norms in India, the manufacturers of all M1 Category vehicles (not exceeding 3,500kg GVW) must ascertain that they comply with Annual Corporate average CO2 target as defined in regulation. Moreover, this target will become stricter in different stages in upcoming years. Hence CO2 emissions are becoming one of the major focus parameters during vehicle development. There are various factors that can impact CO2 emissions during measurement in test cycle such as MIDC/WLTC. One such major factor is driving variations. Although speed and time tolerances are provided during the test (as part of AIS 137/AIS 175) limit the variation, even within these tolerances, drive-related effects can be significant contributors to test results variability. Monitoring and control of such variations is important to understand the true fuel economy potential of the vehicle. Drive Trace indices are standardized metrics that can be used to evaluate the driving variations. The aim of
ER, Shivram, Rawat, Vijaypal, Khandelwal, Vineet, Kumar, Arun, Malhotra, Jitendra
Prediction of REESS factor for SOC correction in Hybrid Vehicles2026-26-0471To be published on 01/16/2026
The regulatory mechanisms to measure emissions from automobiles have evolved drastically over the years. Certification of CO2 emissions is one of them. It is not only critical for environmental protection but can also invite heavy fines to OEMs, if not complied with. In homologation test of a Hybrid Vehicle, it is necessary to correct the measured CO2 to account for deviations in measurement from failed Start-Stop phase and difference between start and end State of Charge (SOC) of battery. The correction methodology is also applicable for vehicle simulation in Software-in-Loop environment. The focus of this paper is on the correction of CO2 derived from SOC delta in Homologation cycle. The battery energy delta due to difference in SOC between start and end of drive cycle should be converted to corresponding fuel energy/CO2 expended from Internal Combustion Engine. The resulting correction factor is known as Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System (REESS) factor. To provide this
Gopinath, Shravanthi Poorigali, Khatod, Krishna
To study and compare communication protocol for fast charging in electric two-wheeler with respect to CCS 2.0: An Indian Perspective2026-26-0198To be published on 01/16/2026
India, as the world’s largest two-wheeler market, is witnessing an aggressive transition towards electric mobility, driven by urban air quality concerns, fuel cost sensitivity, and government incentives. Among the critical enablers of this shift is the availability of robust and efficient fast charging infrastructure tailored to electric two-wheelers. This paper proposes a systematic testing framework for fast charging of electric two-wheelers, addressing key parameters such as battery thermal management, charging communication protocols, safety interlocks, and State of Charge (SOC) estimation accuracy. The study evaluates current and emerging standards, including AIS-156, IS 17017, and IEC 61851, and identifies gaps specific to two-wheeler applications such as compact form factor constraints, lower energy storage, and high operational turnover in fleet usage. A special focus is placed on interoperability, user safety, and infrastructure scalability for dense urban environments. The
Uthaman, Sreekumar, Mulay, Abhijit B
Comprehensive Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds and Efficacy of Vapor Recovery System at Fuel Stations2026-26-0233To be published on 01/16/2026
In densely populated urban environments, fuel retail outlets represent sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, and xylene. These emissions occur during various operations including storage tank filling, underground storage, and vehicle refuelling at retail outlets. The contribution of VOC by fuel distribution infrastructure to urban VOC pollution has been adequately addressed by oil marketing companies (OMCs) by the installation of vapor recovery system which is deployed for the comprehensive capture of fugitive emissions. This study employed a novel approach at an OMC Retail Outlet in Delhi, to evaluate benzene concentrations with different operational case studies. The methodology integrated continuous ambient air monitoring system equipped with VOC analyser of GC-PID technology alongside targeted forecourt measurements with handheld PID instrument. Benzene emissions during peak and off-peak hours, vehicle throughput, fuel sales volume, and
Mayeen, Hafiz, Ahuja, Muskan, Kalita, Mrinmoy, Kumar, Prashant, Sithananthan, M, Arora, Ajay
Optimization of Negative Crankcase Pressure Mechanism to Minimize Oil Pumping into Combustion chamber and Ensure Particulate Number Compliance in Euro VI Emission for Naturally Aspirated Gas Engine.2026-26-0223To be published on 01/16/2026
Emissions regulations, such as Euro VI, drives the Automotive industry to innovate continuously in Engine development. One significant challenge is the engine oil pumping from the crankcase into the combustion chamber, where it participates in combustion, which contributes to increased Particulate Numbers and fails to meet Euro VI emission compliance. This issue is most noticeable during engine idling and motoring conditions. During this time, a higher negative pressure difference develops between the intake manifold, which is acting above the combustion chamber and the engine crankcase. This pressure difference drives oil-laden blow-by aerosols past piston rings during the intake stroke and through the valve stem seals, allowing oil into the combustion chamber. The impact of the pressure difference between the intake manifold and crankcase was studied by varying the crankcase pressure through crankcase ventilation system. The results confirm that oil entry into the combustion chamber
R, Mahesh Bharathi, Bondfale, Shubham, Jeyaprakasan, Dharoon Gautham
Optimization of Battery Mixing Strategies to Enhance Electric Vehicle Performance and Efficiency2026-26-0209To be published on 01/16/2026
Fleet operators increasingly contend with a patchwork of battery‑pack generations that remain electro‑chemically compatible yet differ markedly in capacity, internal resistance and residual life. Conventional “like‑for‑like” replacement policies oblige service providers to retain costly legacy inventories or to install brand‑new packs in ageing vehicles—both scenarios inflating warranty exposure and material waste. Deploying a rational mixing strategy for packs of different vintages therefore offers a compelling path to lower costs and improve sustainability, but industry‑wide guidance is limited and confidence in performance impacts remains low. This paper presents an optimisation‑driven framework that determines when and how heterogeneous packs can be paired at the moment of integration while maintaining vehicle performance targets and minimising life‑cycle cost. The methodology combines: a physics‑based electro‑thermal performance model parameterised for discrete state‑of‑health
Nair, Sandeep R., Ravichandran, Balu Prashanth, Hallberg, Linus
Optimizing Engine Combustion and Exhaust After treatment System for Passive Regeneration in Off-Highway Applications2026-26-0221To be published on 01/16/2026
The Bharat TREM V regulations in the off highway segment mandates use of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) to reduce gaseous emissions and Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) to trap solid particulates from engine exhaust. DPFs undergo regeneration, where trapped soot is burned, converting it into CO2 with ash as a byproduct. Regeneration can be active, using fuel injection to raise temperatures above 550°C, or passive, relying on NO2 formation at 300-400°C. Passive regeneration is preferred as a safer mode for both DPF health and longevity as well as reduction in fuel penalty and oil dilution. This paper highlights on the selection and optimization of combustion hardware and Exhaust Aftertreatment System to achieve the desired NO2 formation which is suitable for passive regeneration. Key considerations in engine hardware selection include the design of piston bowl, injector hole configuration to increase heat release rate and combustion temperature resulting in higher NOx/soot ratio. With
Gautam, Aman, Rawat, Saurabh, Dogra, DaljitSingh, Singh, Sachleen, Ranjan, Piyush
Development of Sustainable Textile Solutions Using Recycled and Bio-Based Materials for Automotive Soft Trims2026-26-0236To be published on 01/16/2026
The shift towards sustainable and circular practices in the automotive industry is driving the development of eco-friendly materials for soft trims. This research explores the development and integration of sustainable textile solutions using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) from post-consumer waste and bio-based fibers such as banana and bamboo in various fabric forms—woven, knitted, and non-woven. Applications studied include seat fabrics, headliners, parcel shelves, and wheel arch liners. rPET textiles demonstrated promising strength, aesthetic appeal, and durability performance, while significantly reducing carbon footprint. Blends of rPET and virgin PET were optimized to balance properties with sustainability targets. Banana fibre, an agricultural by-product abundantly available in India, was explored for headliner substrates and parcel shelves, offering biodegradability and regional sourcing advantages. Bamboo fabrics, known for their natural antimicrobial properties
Deshpande, Sanjana, Borgaonkar, Subodh
Electric mobility and materials circularity - a study of recycled PET textiles for automotive interiors2026-26-0237To be published on 01/16/2026
The adoption of sustainability in electric mobility has made it crucial to investigate environmentally friendly materials. Polymer materials used in automotive application plays very important role in material circularity contributing significant value addition to the overall carbon footprint index. This study discloses the development of recycled polyester textiles from PET bottle waste, use for automotive interior parts and carbon footprint impact. The use of recycled textiles is directly helping the organization in scope 3 emissions to get the lower carbon footprint value by eliminating the use of fossil fuel resources in making the PET textiles. In this study, the development road map methodology adopted, and validation cycle of recycled polyester textiles (PET) were explained broadly with results of different constructions, color and finishes against automotive critical requirements such as sun load UV resistance, abrasion durability, color migrations, soiling resistance
Palaniappan, Elavarasan, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran, Balaji, K V, Dodiya, Rohanbhai
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF HYDROGEN BASED SCR TECHNOLOGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO UREA SCR IN HYDROGEN-FUELLED ENGINES2026-26-0213To be published on 01/16/2026
Air pollution from vehicle exhaust emissions is a growing issue in major cities around the world. Hydrogen is a clean and carbon-free fuel that presents a promising alternative to the fossil fuels. However, despite its environmental advantages, hydrogen internal combustion engines still produce some nitrogen oxides as a by-product due to high combustion temperatures. This study investigates the effectiveness of current exhaust after-treatment technologies designed to reduce NOx emissions in hydrogen-powered engines. A comparative analysis is conducted between the conventional urea-based selective catalytic reduction used in diesel engines and emerging hydrogen-based selective catalytic reduction technologies for hydrogen engines. The analysis is performed using CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent, focusing on NOx reduction efficiency and other operational parameters. The results provide valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of hydrogen SCR in achieving reduced NOx
Kashyap, Keshav, Khandagale, Anup, Petale, Mahendra
Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) for Fast Instantaneous Prediction of Emission Level of an Automobile2026-26-0226To be published on 01/16/2026
Addressing climate issues is a key aspect of good global governance today. A key aspect of managing the threats caused to the environment around is to ensure a sustainable transportation system so that humans exist in peace with nature. According to sources, in 2020 alone, cars accounted for approximately 23% of global CO2 emissions. In addition, they also emit nitrogen oxides and other pollutants thus damaging the ecosystem. In line with this objective, there are emission level testing strategies in place in each country. However, we can do better for a sustainable future. On one hand, the huge volume of vehicles around the world makes it an excellent choice and source for a vast emission level dataset comprising of features such as vehicle type, fuel type, driving conditions, road type etc.. as well as the target variable representing the emission band of the vehicle. In addition to the big data available as mentioned above, there is a marked progress in the machine learning
Sridhar, Sriram, Aswani, Shelendra
Vehicle interior material emissions and contributions in passenger vehicle cabin air quality2026-26-0287To be published on 01/16/2026
Polymer compounds used in the manufacturing of automotive interiors are formulated with various kind of additives, pigments, fillers, and resins. These compounded polymers are prone to the emission of chemicals called volatile organic compound (VOC) over a period of usage, temperature exposure etc. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short term adverse health effects like nausea, headache, vomiting, and long-term adverse health effects like cancer, even death if beyond the permissible limits. Studies indicates the concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher in indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors and hence these chemical emissions are required to be controlled within the defined limits. This paper is focused on the identification part and material, evaluation against the recommended test (Odor/Fogging/VOC/Carbonyl compound emissions) and development of materials used inside the car cabin. This study further provides the guidelines for the
Shukla, Sandeep Kumar, Balaji, K V, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
Leveraging Advanced AI/ML Algorithms to Derive Actionable Insights from Fleet Vehicle In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring (IUPRm) Data2026-26-0637To be published on 01/16/2026
In recent years, growing concerns over environmental pollution have led to the implementation of increasingly stringent emission regulations worldwide. These regulations require not only the reduction of pollutant emissions but also robust monitoring of critical emission control components under real-world driving conditions. The In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring (IUPRm) framework quantifies how frequently onboard diagnostic systems evaluate these components within defined operational boundaries for each vehicle. IUPRm is organized into several monitoring groups, including catalyst monitoring, oxygen sensor monitoring, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) monitoring, and gasoline particulate filter monitoring. The specific groups and monitoring requirements vary based on fuel type (gasoline or diesel), engine technologies (such as variable valve timing or EGR), and exhaust system configurations (single or dual bank). For automakers, analyzing these parameters across large vehicle fleets
Ghadge, Ganesh Narayan, Jadhav, Marisha, Hosur, Viswanatha
Indian City Electric Bus Powertrain Optimization Using Active Learning Simulation Methodology2026-26-0657To be published on 01/16/2026
Public transport electrification is going to play a massive role in India's COP26 pledge to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. India plans to electrify 800,000 buses in a push towards 30% EV penetration by 2030. Further encouraged by government incentives under National Electric Bus Program (NEBP), eBus market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~86% annually over the next 5 years. With most OEMs going for fleet electrification for reducing CO2 emissions and to cater to growing demand in Indian cities for cleaner public transport, improving powertrain efficiency and performance of state-of-the-art eBuses is a natural progression of e-mobility sector development in India. The first step in designing powertrain for an electric city bus is to determine the motor(s) size and transmission specifications (number of gears, gear ratios etc.). Complications arise due to a wider and non-linear operation range of eBus. This study focuses on powertrain optimization for a medium duty electric city
Sandhu, Rouble, Chen, Bicheng, Emran, Ashraf, Xia, Feihong, Lin, Xiao, Berry, Sushil
Comprehensive Technology Framework for effective and early leveraging of test assets2026-26-0527To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is going through a tremendous technological change and its impact on the way we test the functionalities that we offer to the end consumer is continually evolving. This includes the ever-growing need to embed software-based functions to support more and more end user functionality, while at the same time retaining existing and well-established functions, all within short development timelines. This presents both opportunities and challenges, with greater potential for reuse or leverage of test assets, although the actual percentage of leverage on real world projects is practically less than anticipated for a multitude of reasons. As part of paper, we collate the various factors which effect the practical leverage of test assets from one project to another, including various workflows and the interaction across components amongst applications lifecycle management systems. Through this paper, we would describe the current practices of basis analysis in isolation
Venkata, Parameswaran, Kulkarni, Apoorva, RAJARAM, Saravanan, Ganesh, Chamarthi
A study on the thermal degradation of chlorinated Polyethylene rubber2026-26-0276To be published on 01/16/2026
Elastomeric materials are essential in advanced automotive engineering for mobility, isolation, damping, fluid transfer (cooling, steering, fuel, and brake), and sealing because of their unique physio mechanical properties. Elastomers are commonly used in both static and dynamic components, such as hoses, mounts, bushes, and tires. Engine emission standards and weight optimization have caused higher temperature exposure conditions for automotive components. The steering system uses special purpose elastomers like Chlorinated Polyethylene that can deteriorate under abnormal conditions during vehicle operation or manufacturing process due to the high temperature exposure. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the causes and consequences of thermal degradation of elastomers. Thermal degradation is a significant phenomenon that changes the physical and chemical properties of elastomers, which results in a product not meeting functional requirements. This study investigates the thermal
Thiruppathi, Anandhi, Mishra, Nitish, Krishnamoorthy, Kunju
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