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Decentralized Payment Infrastructure for Electric Vehicle Charging via Blockchain and Smart Contracts2026-28-0126To be published on 02/12/2026
As electric vehicles adoption becomes more common, power grid operators are facing new challenges in managing the unpredictable and varying energy demands in the existing electrical infrastructure. Moreover, the cost of Electric vehicle is high when compared to fuel vehicle also it has limited access to charging infrastructure along with the driving range that act as a key barrier preventing the drivers from making shift to EVs. When the EV usage integrates with blockchain, it mitigates the limitation in charging station infrastructure along with the former problem discussed. The lack of trust exists between EV owners and charging station providers can be solved through secure and transparent payment processing possible by blockchain based smart contract. Building charging station on blockchain will ease the automated payment through the use of smart contract and create more efficient EV charging network. Also, the blockchain-based charging system would enable EV owners know if they
Govindasamy, Dhivya, R, Rajarajeswari
Development of Advanced Rider Assistance System (ARAS) for Electric Motorcycles: A Level-1 Collision Avoidance and Emergency Braking Prototype Using Ultrasonic Sensors2026-28-0118To be published on 02/12/2026
This paper presents the design, development, and validation of an Advanced Rider Assistance System (ARAS) for electric motorcycles, focused on a Level-1 collision avoidance and emergency braking prototype using ultrasonic sensors. The motivation stems from the disproportionate risk faced by two-wheeler riders and the current lack of widespread ARAS deployment compared to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in cars. The proposed system addresses this gap by integrating front and rear ultrasonic sensors (operating at 40 kHz, with a detection range of 2 cm to 4 m and ±1% accuracy) to continuously monitor the proximity of obstacles in real time, even when the motorcycle is inclined up to 30°. Sensor data is processed by an embedded microcontroller (STM32 series), which executes a collision risk assessment algorithm based on measured distance and relative speed. When the distance to an obstacle falls below a configurable safety threshold (typically 3 m), the system initiates a multi
Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, Karu, Ragupathy, Karthick, K N, R, Vishnu Ramesh Kumar, Kumar, V, Manojkumar, R, M, Karthick, M, Rishab
IoT-Enabled Cloud-Integrated Smart Parking System with Real-Time Monitoring and AI-Based Space Optimization for Next-Gen Mobility2026-28-0113To be published on 02/12/2026
This study presents the design and implementation of an advanced IoT-enabled, cloud-integrated smart parking system, engineered to address the critical challenges of urban parking management and next-generation mobility. The proposed architecture utilizes a distributed network of ultrasonic and infrared occupancy sensors, each interfaced with a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, to enable precise, real-time monitoring of individual parking spaces. Sensor data is transmitted via secure MQTT protocol to a centralized cloud platform (AWS IoT Core), where it is aggregated, timestamped, and stored in a NoSQL database for scalable, low-latency access. A key innovation of this system is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based space optimization algorithms, leveraging historical occupancy patterns and predictive analytics (using LSTM neural networks) to dynamically allocate parking spaces and forecast demand. The cloud platform exposes RESTful APIs, facilitating seamless
Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, S, Balakrishnan, Dhayaneethi, Sivaji, Boobalan, Saravanan, Abdul Rahim, Mohamed Arshad, S, Manikandan, R, Jamuna, L, Rishi Kannan
Development of Multiple level Auto Mode for Climate control in electric vehicles2026-28-0008To be published on 02/12/2026
Electric vehicles, or EVs, are significantly transforming the automotive industry as a cleaner and more environmentally friendly which finds an alternative solution for the vehicles propelled using internal combustion engines. As EV utilize the energy directly from the battery which causes customer or a user to be in panic state as charging infra is not developed well in most of the countries, thus improving vehicle efficiency and driving range requires optimizing energy consumption from battery of EVs. Apart from traction motor load for driving, major supplemental loads in electric car are climate control system, sometimes referred to as HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning). HVAC systems can consume a lot of battery power, especially during severe temperatures, which can drastically reduce the vehicle's range. Range anxiety continues to be an important barrier to the general adoption of EVs, the intelligent climate management systems which helps to reduce HVAC power usage
Mulamalla, Sarveshwar Reddy, SV, Master Eniyan, M, Nisshok, Anugu, Anil, E A, Muhammed, Guturu, Sravankumar
Design evolution of novel rear sub frame structure for multilink suspension and electric vehicle platform2026-28-0007To be published on 02/12/2026
As there is a major shift in customer demand for energy efficient transportation electric vehicle development has taken immediate significance worldwide as they provide pollution free, noise free mobility environment. In the current work, the authors evaluate novel Rear sub-frame assembly structure with multilink suspension and further for a born electric vehicle platform with increased rear axle weight contribution due to rear motor and battery weight. The Sub Frame is the important structural component of the chassis system. Hence designers face the challenge of providing a best-in-class optimized Rear sub-Frame in terms of cost and weight within the available vehicular boundary. Rear sub-Frame assembly is designed with unique cross member structure and novel motor mounting arrangement on the side member with the given complex hard points or attachments of the suspension linkages, to meet the electric vehicle packaging requirement. Sub frame is designed with light weight to withstand
Nidasosi, Basavraj Maruti, J, Ramkumar, Nayak, Bhargav, Mani, Arun, M, Sudhan
Optimized Design, Analysis, and Validation of a Tractor Muffler for Enhanced Back-Pressure Control and Cost Efficiency2026-28-0004To be published on 02/12/2026
Internal combustion engines generate intense acoustic pulses during combustion, necessitating the use of exhaust mufflers to suppress noise emissions. With evolving regulations on permissible noise levels and the automotive industry's drive toward lightweight, high-performance vehicles, muffler designs must balance effective sound attenuation, minimal back pressure, and reduced mass. This study presents a comparative analysis of three muffler configurations serpentine, rectangular, and zigzag designed using SolidWorks for a light commercial vehicle (LCV) diesel engine. The models were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess their acoustic and flow performance. Each design incorporated internal baffle arrangements to enhance sound absorption while aiming to minimize back pressure. The serpentine model featured a perforated baffle layout that promoted multiple reflections and dissipated acoustic energy more efficiently. Simulation results indicated that
Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, Palaniselvam, Senthil Kumar, D, Ashokkumar, R, Krishnamoorthy, Mahendran, M, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, G, Dhayanithi, L, Boopalan
Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Synergy for Scalable Battery Management Systems2026-28-0119To be published on 02/12/2026
Due to a rapid transformation of EV and the battery storage system, the battery management system (BMS) is essential to ensure an optimal performance of the piles of Battery storage. A BMS monitors and controls parameters such as voltage, current and temperature. A traditional BMS has a minimum support of analytics and its limited to local processing. But when the battery information’s are uploaded to the internet, it's easier to manage maintenance and track battery’s performance from anywhere in the world. This IoT /Cloud based system easy and made earlier thereby giving a system alarm before the issue turns big. Management of a lot number of batteries at once saves a lot of money at places like EV charging station and Energy Storage System (BESS). Software updates to the system can also be sent remotely. Also, a BMS connected to cloud can also be used to support weaker grids in an instant if it needs the reactive power support. Cloud integration of BMS with the grid network will help
R, Rajarajeswari, N, Kalaiarasi, Francis, Elgin Calister
MINER’S SAFETY BOT2026-28-0116To be published on 02/12/2026
Mining remains one of the most hazardous industries, with workers constantly exposed to life-threatening conditions such as toxic gases, high temperatures, and confined spaces. To address these concerns, we propose the design and development of an autonomous Miner’s Safety Bot aimed at enhancing underground safety through real-time environmental monitoring and intelligent navigation. The system is built around the ESP32 microcontroller, integrating critical sensors including the MQ7 gas sensor for detecting carbon monoxide and methane, the DHT11 sensor for measuring ambient temperature, and an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. These components work to monitor hazardous parameters and assist the bot in navigating through narrow mine shafts. A servo motor connected to a remote-controlled chassis adjusts the bot's direction when obstacles are detected. The bot employs the ESP32-CAM module to transmit live visuals from the mining site to external observers. Furthermore, sensor data
D, Suchitra, D, Anitha, Muthukumaran, Balasubramaniam, Mohanraj, Siddharth, Subash Chandra Bose, Rohan
Systematic Approach to Attenuate NVH Issues in Hydraulic Steering Gear2026-28-0065To be published on 02/12/2026
In commercial vehicles, Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering (HPAS) gear plays a crucial role in enhancing steering performance by providing hydraulic assistance. The HPAS gear comprises a Directional Control Valve (DCV) assembly, where the input shaft and recirculation units are integrated. The valve system which is known for the heart of the HPAS gear, operates under high-pressure conditions. In the DCV, the input shaft is equipped with bearings to support side loads exerted by the system, and a valve component is freely assembled to minimize friction caused by these side loads. The complexity of the floating valve design results in the less slot volume, leading to cavitation and vibrational noise. While this noise is typically suppressed in internal combustion (IC) engine-powered vehicles, its implementation in electric vehicles (EVs) has led to pronounced audible noise, dominating the system. Experimental vibration analysis of the steering gear reveals both low and high-frequency
Vijayenthran, Praveen, Ayyappan, Rakshna, D, Senthil Kumar, N, Prabhakar
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Coolant Channel Configuration for Liquid-Based Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles2026-28-0042To be published on 02/12/2026
The performance and longevity of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) are critically dependent on effective thermal management. As internal heat generation during charge and discharge cycles can lead to uneven temperature distribution, exceeding optimal operating limits (25 - 40°C) can significantly degrade battery performance and lifespan. This study presents a performance evaluation of a novel liquid-based Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) featuring a dual-directional coolant channel configuration designed to enhance thermal uniformity and heat dissipation. The proposed configuration combines horizontal and vertical coolant passages in an indirect cooling layout to address the limitations of conventional serpentine-type channels. A comprehensive thermal analysis was carried out under realistic loading conditions using three coolant types: water, ethylene glycol-based G48, and graphene-enhanced water nanofluids. These were evaluated for thermal conductivity
Selvan, Arul Mozhi, Periyasamy, Muthukumar, R, Thiruppathi, Prasad S, Hari, Raghav, R, Boddu, Sriram Pydi Aditya
Structural Redesign and Functional Integration of an Electrohydraulic Brake Valve for Enhanced Performance and Manufacturability2026-28-0002To be published on 02/12/2026
The Electrohydraulic Brake Valve (EBV) is a critical component in full-power brake systems, particularly in heavy-duty and off-highway vehicles, where precise braking control and system reliability are paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive cost and weight optimization initiative focused on the EBV housing, which currently accounts for approximately 75% of the total assembly weight due to its bar-machined construction. The project involved a complete redesign of the EBV housing with the dual objective of reducing mass and enhancing functionality. Key improvements include the integration of sensor ports for real-time pressure monitoring, a dedicated provision for nameplate mounting to support customer traceability, and a transition to a cast-based design optimized through advanced core modeling. Material substitution and structural simplification were explored to further improve manufacturability and cost-efficiency. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to validate the
R, Thangarajan
Design and Development of Integrated Brake and Bull Cage System for Enhanced Tractor Performance and Sustainability2026-28-0005To be published on 02/12/2026
Conventional tractor transmission systems feature separate Brake and Bull Cage housings, with brakes often being proprietary components and Bull Cage designed by the Original Equipment manufacturer (OE). To optimize design and performance, an innovative integrated system was developed, combining an in-house braking system with a unitized Bull Cage assembly. This robust design reduces part count, eliminates proprietary dependency (except for friction liners), and enhances performance. Virtual simulations performed under RWUP conditions demonstrated enhanced strength and stiffness in the integrated design. In this Integrated Brake & Bull Cage assembly (IBCA) , the braking layout was reconfigured from a 4+1 friction design to a 3+2 configuration which improved balancing, enhancing customer braking experience and increasing contact area by 11%. This adjustment extends friction liner life and boosts mechanical advantage by 7.5%, significantly improving tractor stability and performance
Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy, Dhanale, Swapnil, Perumal, Solairaj, Gomes, Maxson, Redkar, Dinesh, Savant, Kedarnath, V, Saravanan
Intelligent Steering System to Improve Fuel Efficiency in Heavy Duty Vehicles2026-28-0103To be published on 02/12/2026
In commercial vehicles, conventional engine-driven hydraulic steering systems result in continuous energy consumption, contributing to parasitic losses and reduced overall powertrain efficiency. This study introduces an Electric Powered Hydraulic Steering (EPHS) system that decouples steering actuation from the engine and operates only on demand, thereby optimizing energy usage. Field trials conducted under loaded conditions demonstrated a 3–6% improvement in fuel economy, confirming the system’s effectiveness in real-world applications. A MATLAB-based simulation model was developed to replicate dynamic steering loads and vehicle operating conditions, with results closely aligning with field data, thereby validating the model’s predictive accuracy. The reduction in fuel consumption directly translates to lower CO₂ emissions, supporting regulatory compliance and sustainability goals, particularly in the context of tightening emission norms for commercial fleets. These findings position
T, Aravind Muthu Suthan, Mani, Kishore, Ayyappan, Rakshna, D, Senthil Kumar, S, Mathankumar
AI Smart Timer-Based Power Control and Energy Monitoring System for Home Appliances2026-28-0060To be published on 02/12/2026
This paper presents an intelligent home automation system that combines timer-based power control, real-time energy monitoring, and cloud-based AI analytics for individual appliances. The system is built using a Wi-Fi-enabled embedded controller connected to sensing circuits that measure voltage, current, and power consumption. Electromechanical relays are used to control appliance power based on user-defined timers. Users can configure either a fixed runtime or a scheduled cutoff, enabling automated energy-saving without manual input. Alongside local control, the system collects energy consumption data and transmits it to a cloud platform for storage and analysis. A dedicated mobile or web app provides live monitoring, device status, and remote control access. A major innovation is the integration of a cloud-based AI engine that processes historical and real-time data to offer predictive insights. The AI module forecasts energy use, detects anomalies, classifies appliances by behavior
D, Anitha, D, Suchitra, Jain, Utsav, Maity, Souvik, Dinda, Atish
Efficient Multi-Parameter Optimization of a Twist Beam Rear Axle for Electric Vehicles using TOPSIS method for Durability2026-28-0067To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the parameter optimization of a Rear Twist Beam (RTB) for an electric vehicle (EV) during the early stages of product development. Adapting the RTB design from a current Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle platform presents a complex challenge: accommodating increased rear vehicle load while minimizing cost and maintaining existing rear hard points. To address this, a Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)-driven optimization using the Taguchi method was employed, avoiding costly physical durability tests. The key design parameters considered were the thickness and material grade of the RTB's child parts: the cross beam, trailing arms, and reinforcements, while preserving their original shapes. An L8 orthogonal array was utilized to efficiently evaluate the influence of these parameters on durability performance, and the optimal combinations for maximizing durability were identified. Furthermore, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to quantify the
Madaswamy, Arunachalam, Dhanraj, Sudharsun, Govindaraju, Karthik, Lokaiah, Srinivasan
Common Mode Voltage Reduction in Quasi-Z Source Inverter for Electric Vehicle Applications Using MBPWM Technique2026-28-0102To be published on 02/12/2026
Unlike traditional voltage source or current source inverters, ZSI/qZSI can boost and invert DC power in a single stage, making them attractive for applications like EVs where battery voltage may vary. Common mode Voltage (CMV) is the voltage between the neutral point of the motor and ground. High CMV in motor drive systems can cause: Higher leakage currents, Electromagnetic interference (EMI), Insulation stress, bearing currents, leading to premature motor failure. Reducing CMV is essential for reliable and safe EV operation. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used to control the QZSI output voltage. The QZSI offers several advantages over traditional inverters, including improved efficiency, reduced cost, and increased reliability. The proposed system is designed to reduce the CMV through a combination of passive LC filtering and shoot-through (ST) modulation techniques. The LC filter is designed to attenuate high-frequency components of the CMV while the ST modulation is used to
N, Kalaiarasi, R, Rajarajeswari, D, Anitha
Methodology for Shower Water Management in Electric Car Applications2026-28-0068To be published on 02/12/2026
All automotive vehicles with enclosed compartments must pass the Shower test standard - IS 11865 (2006). One of the most severe and critical areas of water leakage is “Water entry into HVAC opening”. Excess water flow in high-pressure conditions and seepage during long-time low-pressure conditions could potentially have a significant impact on water entry inside the HVAC suction cutout and subsequently into the cabin. The study clearly indicates that for making leak proof HVAC opening (suction interface), it is crucial for the structure of BIW Plenum, Trim Applique and its sealing components to be robust enough to effectively collect and divert the water during shower test condition. This robustness is necessary to ensure leakage prevention thru HVAC cutout in varying rain scenarios during customer usage of the vehicle. A systematic approach is followed for assessing leak tightness of the HVAC area. 1. CFD simulation performed to verify the flow path of water during shower test. It is
Gunasekaran, Mohanraj, Namani, Prasad, Ramaraj, Rajasekar, Junankar, Ashish, Raju, Kumar
Galvanic Corrosion Susceptibility Analysis and Mitigation strategies in Automotive Battery Packs2026-28-0018To be published on 02/12/2026
As electric vehicles continue to revolutionize transportation, ensuring the reliability of their powertrain systems and battery packs has become a critical focus. One key challenge is galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals in contact are exposed to an electrolyte, such as seashore moisture or road salt used in snow or ice zones. This corrosion can weaken structural components, compromise electrical conductivity, and reduce the lifespan of critical systems. Common areas at risk include metallic joints within battery enclosures, busbars, cooling systems, and electrical connectors. Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature fluctuations further amplify the issue, making it a pressing concern for manufacturers. This paper aims to systematically identify critical galvanic joints within electric powertrain systems and battery packs and provide effective strategies to mitigate corrosion risks. Preventative measures include choosing compatible materials with
Narain, Aditya, Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
STEERING AUTOMATION FOR LANE KEEP ASSISTANCE2026-28-0117To be published on 02/12/2026
The design of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is essential to improve the safety and autonomy of vehicles in harsh conditions. This work introduces the design and development of a steering automation system for Lane Keep Assistance (LKA) in a vehicle with a parallel steering system. The system utilizes an ArduCam module to take real-time images of the ground in front, and these are processed via machine learning techniques on a Raspberry Pi in order to identify lane edges with great precision. The corrective steering maneuvers are carried out by a motorized steering actuator based on the visual data after processing, and an encoder that is built into the actuator constantly tracks the steering angle and position. This closed-loop feedback affords accurate, real-time corrections to ensure lane discipline without driver intervention. Extensive calculations for steering effort, torque, and gear design confirm the system's mechanical viability. Combining low-cost vision sensing
A R, Arundas, Sadique, Anwar, Rafeek, Aayisha
Enhancing combustion, performance and emission profiles using kapok methyl ester blends with hydrogen2026-28-0058To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the potential of using a dual green alternative fuel combination, the one is hydrogen fuel and another one is biodiesel for enhancing the Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The kapok oil methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 20% (K20) and 40% (K40) by volume. The hydrogen gas was supplied at a constant flow of 4 liter per minute (LPM). The experimental fuels are neat diesel D100, K20 (80% Diesel and 20 % kapok methylester), K40 (60% Diesel + 40 % Kapok methyleter), K20 + H4L (K20 with 4 LPM hydrogen) and K40+H4L (K40 with 4 LPM hydrogen). These blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, combustion, performance and emissions characteristic were evaluated and compared with base fuel. The results indicated that te use of B20 and B40 blends without hydrogen led to reduced brake thermal efficiency due to
Anbarasan, B, M, Kumaresan, Balamurugan, S, Rajesh, Munnusamy
Achieving Reliability, Safety & Security in SDV OS Architecture2026-28-0122To be published on 02/12/2026
Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) are vehicles in which functionality and features are primarily governed by software, allowing for continuous updates, upgrades, and the introduction of new capabilities throughout the vehicle’s lifecycle. This transition from hardware-centric to software-driven architectures marks a significant shift in the automotive industry, transforming development processes, operational strategies, and business models. The SDV Operating System (SDV OS) is purpose-built for software-defined vehicles, serving as the foundational platform for managing vehicle software and enabling advanced functionalities. Unlike traditional embedded or general-purpose operating systems, SDV OS is tailored to meet the unique requirements of modern automotive architectures. Ensuring reliability, safety, and security is paramount in software-defined vehicles (SDVs), where even minor software faults can lead to serious consequences. The operating system (OS) plays a central role in
Khan, Misbah Ullah, Gupta, Vishal
Multi-Storey AI Based Parking System2026-28-0129To be published on 02/12/2026
This paper presents a comprehensive design and implementation of an AI-based parking management system tailored to address the challenges of modern parking facilities. The system is designed to enhance efficiency, reduce manual intervention, and optimize operational costs while providing a seamless experience for drivers. The core architecture of the system integrates advanced technologies, including computer vision and IR sensors, thereby minimizing reliance on conventional sensors and streamlining the parking process. By leveraging computer vision, the system continuously monitors parking areas in real-time, accurately detecting vehicle occupancy status, and dynamically updating the availability of parking spaces. This real-time monitoring capability enables efficient space utilization, allowing for the optimization of parking resources. In addition to optimizing space allocation, the proposed system prioritizes security through the integration of video surveillance. Utilizing AI
N, Kalaiarasi, Gupta, Shivansh, Hajarnis, Mihir, Anand, Vikas
Real time implementation of predictive maintenance for service center automation using Automobile Life Extender (ALE) based on Machine Learning2026-28-0124To be published on 02/12/2026
Automobile Life Extender (ALE) consists of an on-board function, machine learning model operating via cloud computing and a smart phone app. The on-board function will receive signals like engine rpm, throttle position, Brake pedal position, hydraulic pressure etc from vehicles Ecu’s. Based on this data onboard ALE module will calculate the engine load, brake circuit load etc . and sends it to the predictive maintenance model via on board IoT system. The predictive maintenance model will have historical data about the type of engine, brake system and their performance curve data acquired based on test done by its OEM. Here machine learning models play a crucial role in analyzing the vehicle data dynamically, identify drive patterns from it and predict the need for maintenance of a part or a system. A hybrid approach of training models based on Supervised and Unsupervised is incorporated, which will work with certain amount of labeled data along with a set of collected unlabeled data
Sundaram, Rameshselvakumar, Kumar, Lokesh, Saint Peter Thomas, Edwin, Sureshkumar, Srihari, Muthukumaran, Chockalingam, Menon, Abhijith
Development of Plug-in Hybrid Motorbike and Analysis towards Sustainable Urban Mobility2026-28-0111To be published on 02/12/2026
The transportation system is one major catalyst to urban ecological imbalance. In developing countries, two-wheelers are considered a major mode of urban personal transportation because of their compactness, easy maneuver in heavy traffic and good fuel efficiency. In India, middle and lower middle-class people prefer to choose two wheelers and these vehicles are dominantly fueled by gasoline. Although, the energy consumption by a two-wheeler is comparatively less than that of a four-wheeler, they use about 60% of the nation's petroleum for on-road vehicles and the impact on urban air quality and climatic change is significantly high. This high proportion of gasoline utilization and emission contribution by two wheelers in cities demand greater attention as a way to improve urban air quality and near-term energy sustainability. Electrification of two-wheelers through the application of a plug-in hybrid idea is a promising solution. A plug-in hybrid motorbike was developed by putting
Kannan, Prashanth, Shaik, Amjad, Talluri, Srinivasa Rao
Virtual Development Kit (VDK) for Software Defined Vehicle2026-28-0120To be published on 02/12/2026
This paper explores the technological and architectural shifts essential for the advancement of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs), with an emphasis on decoupling hardware from software. It highlights the constraints of traditional development models and proposes modern architectural approaches, including MPU-based designs and virtualization techniques. Furthermore, it presents strategic pathways to cultivate an open and adaptable development ecosystem, empowering software engineers to experiment, innovate, and drive SDV evolution. These efforts aim to accelerate time-to-market and deliver a superior development experience across the SDV lifecycle. The idea is to develop a Virtual Development Kit (VDK) that enables the design, validation, and scaling of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) even before the physical hardware is available. This comprehensive suite will include hardware platform emulators, operating systems, software stacks, and middleware tailored for high-performance computing
Khan, Misbah Ullah, Gupta, Vishal
Computational study on dynamic handling performance of a retro-fitted Electric Two wheeler using 125cc powered ICE reference2026-28-0047To be published on 02/12/2026
With the development in motor technology and battery manufacturing technologies, the scope for a budget working EV has been increasing in India. There remains an after-mark potential for conversion of an ICE powered two-wheeler to an EV power train. Such a move reduces the carbon footprint from the vehicle drastically and is still being explored. This study investigates the effect of replacing the ICE with an electric motor in a 125cc motorcycle, with a particular focus on vehicle handling performance using Slalom test. The two wheelers were modelled using calculated mass properties and estimated / calculated moments of inertia using CAD for both ICE and electric powertrains. The electric propulsion system took into consideration the role of a battery pack in the mass and MI calculation. The framework with degrees of freedom is well established in BIKESIMTM simulation environment. A slalom test with automatic gear shift and throttle to maintain speed of the vehicle was set-up to
Sankarasubramanian, Hariharan, M, Shaghasra, V, Ramprathap
Design Evolution of a Novel LCA for a multi-link Rear Suspension System in a born electric vehicle2026-28-0009To be published on 02/12/2026
The spring link or the lower control arm (LCA) is a critical structural component in a multi-link rear suspension system especially in a sports utility vehicle (SUV). The design of the rear LCA is thus challenging due to higher loads owing to higher suspension articulation typical of a SUV and further complicated in a born electric vehicle (BEV) due to increased vehicle weight contributed by a large battery. In the present work, a novel LCA was designed for the rear suspension system of one such born electric SUV application. The unique link was designed to withstand 20% higher rear axle weight compared to the conventional LCA used in a typical SUV. The LCA housed the spring with increased stiffness and a semi-active damper with varying and higher damping forces which complicated the design. The link design was further complicated with stab link mounting provision and mass damper mounting for improved NVH performance. Furthermore, the link was designed to withstand significantly higher
Selvaraj, Saravanan, Nayak, Bhargav, J, Ramkumar, M, Sudhan, Chaudhari, Varun
An Integrated Model Approach for Predicting Vehicle Dynamics Performance during HiL Validation2026-28-0044To be published on 02/12/2026
In the automotive industry, increasing noise regulations are influencing product sales and passenger comfort, creating a need for more effective noise testing methods. Hardware-in-Loop (HiL) based virtual acoustic testing serves as a critical step before Driver-in-Loop testing, allowing for the assessment of noise levels inside and outside the vehicle under various conditions before real-world testing is performed. This study addresses the conversion of a physical vehicle model in the AMESim environment into FMU-RT (Linux) format, and the translation of a powertrain control system from Simulink to C++ code. Key challenges in the FMU-RT conversion include the integration of appropriate submodels for each component and enabling the interfaces necessary for SCANeR and virtual acoustic testing. In the C++ code conversion, challenges involved configuring the correct parameters, ensuring the model runs at a fixed time step and sampling time of 1 ms, and resolving issues related to the
Visuvamithiran, Rishikesan, Chougule, Sourabh, Srinivasan, Rangarajan, Laurent, Nicolas
Enhanced Solar Desalination Using Natural Dolomite-Integrated PCM and MWCN Thermal Storage: An Experimental Study2026-28-0082To be published on 02/12/2026
Systems for solar desalination provide a practical and environmentally friendly way to turn salty or polluted water into drinkable water. Three configurations are experimentally investigated in this study: a traditional solar desalination system, a system integrated with a thermal energy storage unit (TESU) based on phase change material (PCM), Multi wall Carbon nano particle were mixed with PCM at 1% of total volume of the PCM and a system that incorporates powdered natural dolomite into the PCM-based TESU. Each of the four configurations was created, tested simultaneously, and thoroughly examined. In comparison to the traditional system, the experimental findings showed that the adoption of PCM-based TESUs increased daily cumulative water output by 11.41%, 14.8% with addition of MWCNT and the addition of dolomite powder further increased productivity by 18.60%. Furthermore, the energy efficiency increased by16.1% with PCM, PCM with MWCNT is increased by 17.43% and 18.18% with the
R L, Krupakaran, Petla, Ratnakamala, Anchupogu, Praveen, P, Umamaheswarrao, Satya Meher, R, Dunna, Vijay
UNMMANED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR FIREFIGHTING ON HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES2026-28-0115To be published on 02/12/2026
Fires in Urban high-rise structures and industrial areas pose significant challenges to traditional firefighting methods. Traditional firefighting methods often struggle to address the challenges posed by height, accessibility and rapid response. In such a scenario innovative technologies become vital for effective and efficient methods. This project introduces an unmanned aerial vehicle designed to suppress fire on high-rise building by using drone technologies and robotics. The drone is equipped with a stereo camera which will detect fire and measure its coordinates with the help of algorithms fed on the companion computer. Upon receiving the coordinates, the drone will station itself at a predetermined distance from the fire. The drone will adjust itself in the vertical direction for proper ejection of water at the fire. The water will be ejected through a nozzle integrated with the drone, which is connected to the pump at the ground via hose. This paper includes the details of the
R, Abhiram, Sadique, Anwar, PV, Anurag, J, Harisankar V, A, Geethu, vs, Amarnath
Genetic algorithm based optimization of Chaboche kinematic hardening parameters along with the validation of FE model through characterized crack initiation2026-28-0086To be published on 02/12/2026
In the context of electro-mobility for commercial vehicles, the failure analysis of a low voltage (LV) connector panel in a DCDC converter is crucial, particularly regarding crack initiation at the interface of busbar and plastic component. This analysis requires a thorough understanding of thermo-mechanical behavior under thermal cyclic loads, necessitating kinematic hardening material modeling to account for the Bauschinger effect. As low cycle fatigue (LCF) test data is not available for thermo-plastic composite material Ultramid A3U44G6, we have adopted a novel approach of determining non-linear Chaboche Kinematic Hardening (CKH) model parameters from monotonic uniaxial temperature dependent tensile test data of Ultramid A3U44G6. In this proposed work a detailed discussion has been presented on manual calibration and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization of Chaboche parameters. Due to lack of fiber orientation dependent test data for Ultramid A3U44G6, here von Mises yield
Basu, Parichay, Srinivasappa, Naveen
Numerical Study of Battery Pack Cooling for Electric Vehicles2026-28-0110To be published on 02/12/2026
Auto manufacturers are increasingly adopting lithium-ion batteries in response to the rapid evolution of electric vehicle technology. These batteries are being integrated into existing vehicles and planned as the primary power source for new models. Many lithium-ion batteries employ air cooling for safety reasons, due to convenience and cost-effective. This study investigates the cooling efficiency of electric vehicle battery packs using a U-shaped domain with various air-inlet sizes and velocities. Results indicate that air intake position and velocity significantly impact the ability to cool the battery pack. Shifting the air intake point from 30 mm to 20 mm lowers the highest temperature by 3.46 K. Increased air velocity causes a ripple-around effect, reducing the temperature in the second part of the battery pack. Balancing these variables can optimize air circulation and enhance convective heat transfer, potentially improving cooling effectiveness. These insights are valuable for
PC, Murugan, J, Sivasankar, W, Beno Wincy, G, Arun Prasad
Flow-Based Corrosion Analysis of NBR-PVC Fuel Hoses in Ethanol-Gasoline Blends2026-28-0079To be published on 02/12/2026
The integration of ethanol into gasoline presents compatibility challenges for automotive fuel system materials. This study examines the degradation of NBR-PVC fuel hoses exposed to ethanol-gasoline blends (E30, E50, E70, and E100) under dynamic flow conditions. A custom-designed test rig simulates real-time fuel circulation for 1,200 hours. Analysis using FESEM, ATR-FTIR, and elemental mapping identifies ethanol-induced degradation, including dehydrochlorination, plasticizer leaching, and filler detachment. Among the blends, E30 exhibits the least material degradation, while E100 shows significant surface damage and chemical alteration. The study recommends multilayered fuel hose structures with ethanol-resistant inner linings for enhanced durability.
PC, Murugan, L S, Adhitya, G, Arun Prasad, W, Beno Wincy, T, Karthi
Computational fluid dynamic and fatigue analysis of turbocharger turbine wheel2026-28-0070To be published on 02/12/2026
Turbochargers are essential for improving engine efficiency by compressing air and delivering it to the engine at higher pressure, thereby increasing power output. The turbine wheel in a turbocharger operates under severe mechanical and thermal stresses, making it highly susceptible to fatigue failure, which can occur even under conditions below the rated operating load. To ensure long-term reliability, detailed analysis of the turbine’s fatigue life is essential. This study combines computational fluid dynamics with fatigue analysis to predict the performance and lifespan of a turbocharger's turbine wheel, with a focus on Inconel alloys known for their durability in extreme conditions. A numerical mesh analysis, employing 1,165,610 nodes, was conducted to achieve convergence for both temperature and stress evaluations, leading to the selection of a 2 mm mesh size. Pressure contours at the turbine-fluid interface revealed a pressure range between 1.09 and 1.05 bar, with most of the
Chelladorai, Prabhu, Balakrishnan, Navaneetha Krishnan, G, Naresh, T J, Sreejaun
Preliminary Design and Analysis of Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aerospace Application2026-28-0106To be published on 02/12/2026
The project investigates the performance characteristics of dual-throat nozzle used for fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) in supersonic aircraft applications, offering a potential alternative to mechanical vectoring methods. Fluidic thrust vectoring provides benefits such as reduced weight, lower radar signature, and improved manoeuvrability and control. Computational methods are used to study the effects of geometric and operational parameters, including nozzle pressure ratios and secondary injection rate and injection angle, on thrust-vectoring efficiency and system dynamics. The study aims to develop optimized design configurations and validate using computational models.
Suresh, Vignesh, M, Akash, Senthilkumar, Nikil, Sundararaj, Senthilkumar, A, Garry Kiristen, Singh, Swaraj
Evolution of a Novel Hybrid Stab-Link for a Born Electric Sports Utility Vehicle2026-28-0001To be published on 02/12/2026
The present study details the design evolution and failure analysis of a novel hybrid stabilizer bar link (stab link) developed for the front suspension of a born electric sports utility vehicle (SUV) platform characterized by higher gross vehicle weight (GVW), increased wheel travel, and constrained packaging space. To address these challenges, a unique hybrid stab link was designed featuring dual plastic housings at both the metal ball joint ends, connected by a steel tube, and achieving a 30% weight reduction while offering enhanced articulation angles for extremely lower turning circle diameter (TCD) of the vehicle, compared to the conventional stab link. The unique hybrid stab failed under complex loading conditions during accelerated durability testing (ADT), prompting a comprehensive investigation. The failure analysis included road load data acquisition across various stab bar diameter configurations evolved during suspension tuning, different stabilizer link designs evolved
Selvendiran, P, J, Ramkumar, Nayak, Bhargav, M, Sudhan, Patnala, Avinash
Modelling and Analysis of Complex Shaped Cracks2026-28-0048To be published on 02/12/2026
This study offers a thorough analysis using finite element methods (FEA) to examine how fatigue cracks grow in three different materials: Structural steel , Titanium alloy (Ti Grade 2), and epoxy/aramid-based printed circuit board (PCB) laminates. Using ANSYS Workbench, we ran simulations under both static and repeated loading to understand how these materials fracture. The approach was based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), employing the Maximum Circumferential Stress Criterion to predict where cracks might start and how they could spread. Also, the Equivalent Domain Integral (EDI) method helped us calculate the Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) when cracks are under mixed loading modes. We modeled the growth of fatigue cracks using the Paris Law, relying on material-specific constants (C and m) drawn from previous studies and experimental tests. For example, titanium Grade 2 showed Paris Law constants with C values between 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 7.9 × 10⁻¹² m/cycle, and m values
T, Lokesh, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
ACCIDENTAL DOORING WARNING AND ASSIST SYSTEM2026-28-0053To be published on 02/12/2026
The term dooring refers to the accidents where a vehicle door is suddenly opened into the path of an oncoming cyclist or motorcyclist. These issues are serious road safety hazards, especially in congested urban areas where people may be careless. This project proposes an intelligent, computer vision based warning system designed to detect the approaching vehicles and alert the occupants in the vehicle before opening the door. The system uses the rear parking camera in vehicles with rear parking system or a USB webcam in vehicles without rear parking system to capture live video feed, which is processed by a Raspberry Pi 4 microprocessor. The system will run a lightweight deep learning model, MobileNetSSD, through TensorFlow Lite. Detected objects are classified in real time, and the relative distance of other vehicles is estimated using bounding box dimensions. If a vehicle is identified within a preset safety distance threshold, a clear visual warning is displayed to prevent door
C, Jegadheesan, T, Karthi, Gurusamy, Varun Sankar, Balraj, Tharun, Murugaiya, Tamilselvan
ALTERNATE CATALYST FOR DOC IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER2026-28-0016To be published on 02/12/2026
Emission norms have become much more stringent to reduce emissions from vehicles. Diesel engines in particular are the predominant contributors to higher emissions. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) in diesel engine catalytic converter systems is the crucial component in reducing harmful emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC). DOCs often rely on expensive noble metals like platinum or palladium and rhodium as catalyst materials,significantly inflating the cost of emission control units. The proposed idea is to explore MnOxCeO₂ (Manganese Oxide-Cerium Oxide) as an alternative catalyst to traditional DOC materials, with the goal of delivering effective oxidation performance while reducing overall system cost. MnOx-CeO₂ catalysts are promising due to their good low-temperature activity, oxygen storage capacity, and redox behaviour, which are beneficial for diesel engines operating under varied conditions. These properties help improve the oxidation of CO and HC
C, Jegadheesan, T, Karthi, Rajendran, Pawan, Muruganantham, Kowshiik, S, Vaitheeshwaran
Dynamic Stiffness Prediction in Cracked Cantilever Beams Using Enhanced ANN Techniques2026-28-0050To be published on 02/12/2026
This research paper presents an in-depth investigation into the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for predicting the dynamic stiffness characteristics of cantilever beams affected by cracks of varying depths and positions. Structural failure due to vibration remains a critical concern, and this study focuses on how crack-induced changes in modal stiffness compromise structural reliability. A significant research gap identified in previous studies is the limited consideration of crack location; this work addresses that gap by analyzing how both crack depth and position influence the natural frequency of the beam. Using modal analysis on cantilever beams with identical dimensions but different crack configurations, it was observed that deeper cracks and cracks near the fixed support led to a marked reduction in natural frequency, making the structure more vulnerable to resonance. Cracks located at the free end, however, showed negligible impact. To model and predict these
SB, Harshini, Rajkumar, Manjari, R, Krithika, K, Anusha, K, Divya, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Mechanical Performance & Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of E - Glass and Areca Fibers2026-28-0073To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the vibration characteristics of hybrid composite laminated plates made from E-glass and areca fibers, targeting applications that demand both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability. The motivation stems from the growing interest in replacing synthetic fibers with natural alternatives in structural applications, particularly for lightweight and vibration-sensitive components. Areca fiber, an abundant and biodegradable natural material, was combined with high-strength E-glass fiber to form hybrid laminates using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process. Three distinct composite plates were fabricated with different stacking sequences and filler variations using epoxy resin and brake lining powder. The mechanical integrity and vibrational behavior of these plates were then studied using experimental modal analysis. The tests were conducted under three boundary conditions: fully clamped (C-C-C-C), two-edge clamped (C-F-C-F), and
D R, Rajkumar, O, Vivin Lenin, R, Saktheevel, R G, Ajay Krishna, Ng, Bhavan
Reduction of Inductive Losses in Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging through Resonant Coupling2026-28-0123To be published on 02/12/2026
The growing awareness about sustainability and environmental concerns are accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles. They play a promising role due to their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality and lessen reliance on fossil fuels. However, one of the primary concerns for potential buyers is the charging process and infrastructure. Traditional wired charging systems for electric vehicles face limitations such as user inconvenience, wear and tear of connectors and challenges in automation. As a solution, wireless electric vehicle charging has emerged, offering a more user-friendly, automated and contactless method of charging by eliminating the need for physical connectors. Wireless charging can be implemented through various approaches, primarily including inductive and resonant methods. Inductive charging suffers from relatively low efficiency due to higher energy losses during transmission. On the other hand, resonant coupling
Shaik, Amjad, Gudipati, Ravi Sai Hemanth, B, Vikranth Reddy, Anudeep, D B S S, Varshith, Dasari
Automotive Ethernet Proxy-Based Security Architecture In Vehicle Computers2026-28-0121To be published on 02/12/2026
Modern vehicles require sophisticated, secure communication systems to handle the growing complexity of automotive technology. As in-vehicle networks become more integrated with external wireless services, they face increasing cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This paper introduces a specialized Proxy based security architecture designed specifically for IP-based communication within vehicles. The framework utilizes proxy servers as security gatekeepers that mediate data exchanges between Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and outside networks. At its foundation, this architecture implements comprehensive traffic management capabilities including filtering, validation, and encryption to ensure only legitimate data traverses the vehicle's internal systems. By embedding proxies within the automotive middleware layer, the framework enables advanced protective measures such as intrusion detection systems, granular access controls, and protected over-the-air (OTA) update channels. This strategy
M, Arvind, Praneetha, Appana Durga, Remalli, Ravi Teja
Dual use of Electric Vehicle infrastructure for Enhancing Grid Resilience and Urban Sustainability2026-28-0114To be published on 02/12/2026
The rapid global adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has led to a surge in the deployment of EV charging stations. Beyond their primary role of vehicle charging, these stations hold potential as dynamic, grid-connected assets for sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). When integrated with renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, EV charging stations can function as decentralized power units, supplying energy to the grid during times of need. This dual functionality allows them to act as flexible loads that mitigate voltage fluctuations during grid faults, facilitating access to reliable energy (SDG 7). Utilizing existing EV infrastructure in this way reduces the need for additional grid-support devices and supports resource efficiency (SDG 13) promoting a low-carbon energy transition. However, their ability to support the grid is limited when fully committed to meeting charging demands, especially during grid faults. To address this challenge, a novel coordinated operation
R, Uthra, Rangarajan, Ravi, D, Suchitra, D, Anitha
A Nature-Inspired Optimization Approach for Vienna Rectifier Control in EV Fast Charging Applications: Performance Comparison with NPC and Swiss Topologies2026-28-0112To be published on 02/12/2026
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), particularly those utilizing High Voltage battery systems, demands fast-charging infrastructure that ensures high efficiency and power quality. This study proposes a Golden Jackal Optimization (GJO)-based control strategy for a Vienna rectifier used exclusively in a High Voltage EV fast-charging system. Unlike conventional systems that incorporate an additional DC-DC converter stage, the proposed architecture utilizes only the Vienna rectifier for AC-DC conversion, thereby reducing system complexity and improving overall reliability. The GJO algorithm, inspired by the cooperative hunting behavior of golden jackals, is employed to optimize the switching control parameters of the Vienna rectifier, enhancing system performance in terms of efficiency, power factor correction (PFC), and total harmonic distortion (THD). A detailed comparative analysis is performed between the Vienna rectifier, Swiss rectifier, and Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC
R, Mohammed Abdullah, N, Kalaiarasi
Effect of Sebastiana rostrata Fiber Loading on the Tribological Behaviour of Polycaprolactone Biocomposite.2026-28-0021To be published on 02/12/2026
This study investigates the tribological performance of Sesbania rostrata fibers (SRFs) reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) composites, focusing on the effects of fiber loading under varying normal loads. Composite samples with fiber contents of 10%, 20%, and 30% were tested at sliding velocities of 0.5 m/s and a fixed sliding distance of 500 m. Results show that the inclusion of SRFs significantly reduces the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) compared to neat PCL, particularly at fiber loadings up to 20%. Beyond this threshold, fiber agglomeration leads to increased wear. The results highlight the potential of SRF/PCL composites for use in wear-critical automotive and orthopedic applications due to improved load-bearing capability and surface resistance.
Raja, K., Senthil Kumar, M.S.
CFD Simulation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Pure Spirulina Microalgae Biodiesel in a Single-Cylinder DI Diesel Engine2026-28-0043To be published on 02/12/2026
This study examines the combustion and emission characteristics of pure Spirulina microalgae biodiesel (B100) in a single-cylinder direct-injection (DI) diesel engine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent. A 2D axisymmetric sector model of the engine was developed and simulated with a moving mesh to capture dynamic piston motion throughout the engine cycle. The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was applied to simulate spray atomization and droplet evaporation, while a non-premixed combustion model and RNG k-ε turbulence model were used to resolve in-cylinder combustion dynamics. The thermophysical properties of Spirulina biodiesel were defined from literature data to accurately model fuel injection, vaporisation, and ignition phenomena. The study focused on analysing in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics such as NOx, CO, and soot, and compared the results with those of conventional diesel fuel. Simulation results indicated that Spirulina biodiesel
Kumar, B Varun
Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable EV Battery Recycling: A Technical Framework for EBRR.2026-28-0092To be published on 02/12/2026
This technical paper presents a comprehensive framework for implementing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project at EV Batteries Recycling and Regulation (EBRR), focusing on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles (EVs). It identifies key environmental hotspots across resource extraction, battery manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life (EoL) stages. The study evaluates recycling techniques—namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and cascade reuse—to quantify environmental benefits and emission reduction opportunities. The paper uses a cradle-to-grave system boundary with LCA - Ecoinvent datasets, applying ISO 14040/44 standards. Results show that manufacturing accounts for over 60% of life cycle emissions, primarily driven by energy intensity. Transitioning to renewable energy and adopting hydrometallurgical recycling can reduce Global Warming Potential (GWP) by up to 40%. Cascade reuse, when combined with hydrometallurgy, offers the best outcomes with GWP as low as 200 kg
Asokan, Gayathri, Raju cEng, Rajkumar, Dhananjaya, Chandan, Sattigeri cEng, Sudhir V
Vibration Analysis of Rectangular and Circular Plates with Fixed Edges: Analytical and Computational Validation2026-28-0108To be published on 02/12/2026
This research is intended to comprehend the vibration response of two types of flat plates, rectangular and circular, when all their boundaries are constrained and they are in free vibration. These structures are common in aerospace components, mechanical enclosures, and civil structures where vibration parameters like natural frequency and mode shape decide their performance and reliability. We used three methods to research this: classical analytical models in terms of plate theory and Bessel functions, numerical analysis in ANSYS APDL, and Python customized code to model the theoretical calculations and show the vibrational response. The Python code computed the first 10 natural frequencies and plotted mode shape plots, which correlated well with analytical values at low modes and were useful in assessing where analytical models start deviating. For rectangular plates, analytical and simulation convergence was strong for the first mode with less than 1% deviation, but the deviation
N, Suhas, R, Sanjay, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Quantum Meets Agile: Crypto-Agility for a Post-Quantum World2026-28-0127To be published on 02/12/2026
As the automotive industry transitions toward software-defined vehicles and connected ecosystems, cybersecurity becomes a critical design pillar. A pressing challenge emerges with the advent of quantum computing, which threatens to render existing cryptographic standards such as RSA and ECC obsolete. This paper addresses the need for quantum-resilient security architectures in the automotive domain by introducing a combined approach using Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and crypto-agility. Unlike traditional static cryptographic systems, our approach leverages agile architectures that enable seamless integration of new cryptographic algorithms as they emerge. Central to our work is the role of Hardware Security Modules (HSMs), which provide secure, tamper-resistant environments for cryptographic operations within vehicles. We explore how HSMs can evolve into crypto-agile and quantum-safe platforms capable of supporting hybrid and post-quantum algorithms, allowing secure transitions
Kuntegowda, Jyothi
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