Browse Topic: Recycling

Items (838)
With the extensive production and widespread use of plastics, the issue of environmental pollution caused by plastic waste has become increasingly prominent. Consequently, researchers have been focusing on developing efficient methodologies for upcycling waste plastics and converting them into value-added materials. This hybrid review–conceptual article first provides an overview of strategies for upcycling waste plastic into carbon-capturing materials. It presents carbonization and activation as key steps in converting plastic waste into adsorbent materials and explores strategies for converting common waste plastics. Building upon this foundation, the article introduces and conceptualizes a novel upcycling approach with two manufacturing routes to convert plastic waste into carbon-capturing materials using supercritical fluid (ScF)-assisted injection molding process. It continues by investigating the potential of developing lightweight components made of such carbon-capturing
Pirani, MahdiMeiabadi, Mohammad SalehMoradi, MahmoudEnriquez, Lissette GarciaSreenivasan, Sreeprasad T.Farahani, Saeed
The cost of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by lithium-ion batteries, which typically account for about 40% of the total price, primarily due to the critical minerals content. Notably, minerals for cathode production are prone to scarcity and market price fluctuations. Moreover, the extraction of these minerals through mining activities poses substantial environmental challenges, including carbon emissions and resource depletion. In response to these concerns, recycling emerges as strategic to ensure the sustainability of electrification and secure the mineral supply chain. This paper presents findings from a study on recycling EV batteries using hydrometallurgical processes, encompassing the resynthesis of cathode materials utilizing recycled resources. The hydrometallurgical method exhibited an extraction efficiency surpassing 90%, with no direct CO2 emissions. Validation of the resynthesis phase involved the fabrication of cells with resynthesized cathodes
Obara, Rafael BrisollaErthal, LeopoldoSouza, Cleiton OliveiraRoggerio, LeonardoFreitas, Heverson RenanLima, Ana Luiza LorenzenBassani, Jean Carlos
In today's world, the electric vehicle (EV) industry is experiencing a remarkable boom with increasing global demand. With it, comes the surging and unprecedented need for EV batteries. Recycling these batteries has become of crucial importance, as it not only plays a vital role in ensuring the security of the battery supply chain but also serves as a key measure for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are still several issues that remain unresolved in this domain. Unsettled Issues Regarding Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling delves deep into these issues, thoroughly exploring the current state of the industry and potential solutions to drive sustainable EV battery recycling. By addressing these challenges, we can strive towards a more sustainable future in the EV sector. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Lin, XiaoSaputra Lase, Irdanto
Re-refining of used lubricating oil is an economically attractive and effective recycling method that contributes significantly to resource conservation and environmental protection. The effective re-refining process of used lubricating oil undergoes thorough purification to remove contaminants and to produce high yield and good quality base oil suitable for reuse in lubricant formulation. Used lubricating oils have various hazardous materials, these can be processed with safe and efficient methods required to recover high-quality base oil products. Typically, used lubricating oil is a mixture of various types of additives, base oils, and viscometric grades as per the different types automotive and industrial applications. Re-refined base oils can be re-used to produce lubricants such as industrial and automotive lubricants like passenger car motor oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic oils, and gear oils. API classified base oils into two categories namely mineral base oils API Group I
Maloth, SwamyJoshi, Ratnadeep S.Mishra, Gopal SwaroopSamant, Nagesh N.Bhadhavath, SankerSeth, SaritaBhardwaj, AnilPaul, SubinoyArora, Ajay KumarMaheshwari, Mukul
Imagine the Moon as a hub of manufacturing, construction, and even human life. It’s no longer a far-fetched idea baked in science fiction lore — increased interest and investment in space exploration are pushing efforts to develop the technologies needed to make the moon a viable home for humans
ABSTRACT The complexity of ground vehicle mission systems has evolved significantly over the last few years resulting in over-taxed platforms with federated mission suites. Department of Defense (DoD) is pursuing platform evolution toward integrated mission suites. Opportunities exist to apply aspects of previously developed methodologies from the aviation sector to ground platforms. This paper describes the parallels of the evolution of aviation platforms with the similarities to ground platforms. Solutions from the military aviation community will be discussed that could reduce development risks, schedules and costs and improve mission capabilities for ground applications. Specific discussion will be on opportunities and techniques to transition performance driven, high cost, low volume technologies into mission suitable and affordable high volume solutions. Discussion of the feedback opportunities into the aviation community will be addressed. This paper is not intended to be a
Hensley, Marion P.
Abstract The Dismounted Soldier Autonomy Tools (DSAT) program is the result of the evolution and reuse of work from multiple industry Internal Research & Development (IR&D) programs, as well as work stemming from various multi-service investments made over the past several years. The DSAT program is a direct offshoot of MARTI (Mobile Autonomous Robotics Technology Initiative) - a 5 year IR&D program at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) from 2006-2011 that created a foundation for autonomy and on road capability. The MARTI work was subsequently leveraged into the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Code 30 SUMET (Small Unit Mobility Enhancement Technologies) program starting in 2009. The DSAT program builds off of these SwRI efforts, as well as previous work by TARDEC and DCS Corp in the areas of vehicle architectures and warrior-machine interfaces to build a consolidated, coordinated program. Working together, the team has made several improvements to the collective code base, resulting
Kania, RobertFrederick, PhilPritchett, WilliamWood, BrianMentzer, ChrisJohnson, Elliot
The focus on sustainability has encouraged innovation across industries with a growing emphasis on minimizing environmental impact. In the transportation sector, optimizing engine lubricants emerges as a crucial avenue for achieving sustainable performance as used engine oil is the primary lubricants waste stream. Re-Refined Base Oil (RRBO) presents a compelling solution, offering a sustainable alternative to virgin base oils. By reclaiming and reprocessing used oil, RRBO not only minimizes waste but also embodies the ideology of circularity, promoting resource efficiency and environmental conservation. This study presents the collaborative efforts between an Indian Automotive OEM and Lubricant Technology Partner towards the development of engine oil utilizing Re-Refined Base Oil (RRBO) for automotive applications. Specifically, two formulations were targeted: a 5W-30 A5/B5 oil for Bharat Stage IV passenger car usage and a 15W-40 CI4+ oil for Bharat Stage IV commercial vehicle
Tyagarajan, SethuramalingamSingh, SamsherBondre, SushilThanapathy, Saravana RajaDalvi, Preshit
Even if huge efforts are made to push alternative mobility concepts, such as, electric cars (BEV) and fuel cell powered cars, the importance and use of liquid fuels is anticipated to stay high during the 2030s. The biomethane and synthetic natural gas (SNG) might play a major role in this context as they are raw material for chemical industry, easy to be stored via existing infrastructure, easy to distribute via existing infrastructure, and versatile energy carrier for power generation and mobile applications. Hence, biomethane and synthetic natural gas might play a major role as they are suitable for power generation as well as for mobile applications and can replace natural gas without any infrastructure changes. In this paper, we aim to understand the direct production of synthetic natural gas from CO2 and H2 in a Sabatier process based on a thermodynamic analysis as well as a multi-step kinetic approach. For this purpose, we thoroughly discuss CO2 methanation to control emission in
Mauss, Fabian
Researchers have used inkjet printing to create a compact multispectral version of a light field camera. The camera, which fits in the palm of the hand, could be useful for many applications including autonomous driving, classification of recycled materials and remote sensing
Unlike glass, which is infinitely recyclable, plastic recycling is challenging and expensive because of the material’s complex molecular structure designed for specific needs. New research from the lab of Giannis Mpoumpakis, Associate Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh, focuses on optimizing a promising technology called pyrolysis, which can chemically recycle waste plastics into more valuable chemicals
NASA Kennedy Space Center has developed a water remediation treatment system that utilizes an affordable media that is highly selective for ammonia, allowing large concentrations of ammonia in wastewater to be reduced to levels less than 1 ppm. Following treatment, the media is regenerated for reuse in the system and ammonia is captured as a by-product
Bio-composites have gained significant attention within the aerospace industry due to their potential as a sustainable solution that addresses the demand for lightweight materials with reduced environmental impact. These materials blend natural fibers sourced from renewable origins, such as plant-based fibers, with polymer matrices to fabricate composite materials that exhibit desirable mechanical properties and environmental friendliness. The aerospace sector's growing interest in bio-composites originates from those composites’ capacity to mitigate the industry's carbon footprint and decrease dependence on finite resources. This study aims to investigate the suitability of utilizing plant-derived flax fabric/PLA (polylactic acid) matrix-based bio-composites in aerospace applications, as well as the recyclability potential of these composites in the circular manufacturing economy. The bio-composite laminate is produced through a compression molding process involving interleaved layers
B S, DakshayiniKancherla, Kishore BabuRaju, BenjaminRoy Mahapatra, Debiprosad
Used lithium-ion batteries from cell phones, laptops, and a growing number of electric vehicles are piling up, but options for recycling them remain limited mostly to burning or chemically dissolving shredded batteries. The current state of the art methods can pose environmental challenges and be difficult to make economical at the industrial scale
A global team of researchers and industry collaborators led by RMIT University has invented recyclable ’water batteries’ that won’t catch fire or explode
There will be no lack of used EV batteries soon. There's no lack of companies working on how to recycle them today. Recycling electric vehicle (EV) batteries has been a goal of the auto industry for many years, but the infrastructure to make that a widespread reality is still in the early stages. As the amount of used lithium-ion batteries and cells coming from EVs increases, the industry is getting ready to turn them into fresh packs. In the U.S., the federal government's push to recycle more Li-ion batteries isn't just to reduce environmental impact. Salvaged materials can be used in new batteries, and recycling can help get the overall production cost of EV batteries under the national goal of $60/kWh
Blanco, Sebastian
Recycling of advanced composites made from carbon fibers in epoxy resins is required for two primary reasons. First, the energy necessary to produce carbon fibers is very high and therefore reusing these fibers could greatly reduce the lifecycle energy of components which use them. Second, if the material is allowed to break down in the environment, it will contribute to the growing presence of microplastics and other synthetic pollutants. Currently, recycling and safe methods of disposal typically do not aim for full circularity, but rather separate fibers for successive downcycling while combusting the matrix in a clean burning process. Breakdown of the matrix, without damaging the carbon fibers, can be achieved by pyrolysis, fluidized bed processes, or chemical solvolysis. The major challenge is to align fibers into unidirectional tows of real value in high-performance composites
Muelaner, JodyRoye, Thorsten
Researchers at Kennedy Space Center have developed a technology that generates plasma activated water in pH ranges that allow for the addition of nitrates and other nutrients to the water while maintaining a healthy pH for plants. A plasma torch is used to treat inedible biomass, generating ash containing nutrients useful for plant growth. The same plasma torch is also used to treat water, which results in the formation of nitric acid that lowers the pH of the water
The world is on a “take-make-waste,” linear-growth economic trajectory where products are bought, used, and then discarded in direct progression with little to no consideration for recycling or reuse. This unsustainable path now requires an urgent call to action for all sectors in the global society: circularity is a must to restore the health of the planet and people. However, carbon-rich textile waste could potentially become a next-generation feedstock, and the mobility sector has the capacity to mobilize ecologically minded designs, supply chains, financing mechanisms, consumer education, cross-sector activation, and more to capitalize on this “new source of carbon.” Activating textile circularity will be one of the biggest business opportunities to drive top- and bottom-line growth for the mobility industry. Textile Circularity and the Sustainability Model of New Mobility provides context and insights on why textiles—a term that not only includes plant-based and animal-based
Lee-Jeffs, AnnSafi, Joanna
Developed by a team led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a self-assembling nanosheet could significantly extend the shelf life of consumer products. And because the new material is recyclable, it could also enable a sustainable manufacturing approach that keeps single-use packaging and electronics out of landfills
The efficient and economical recycling of EV batteries is not just possible, but inevitable, said a panel of battery-recycling experts at the 2023 Battery Show North America in Novi, Mich. Panelists indicated that although the business model is evolving and is likely to remain comparatively fluid for the near term, the sector's broad directionals are firming and at least a few aspects of the business have become certain - one being that EV batteries ending up in landfills “absolutely will not happen,” asserted Renata Arsenault, Technical Expert for Advanced Battery Recycling at Ford. Equally important, established recycling companies and startups understand that the EV battery recycling environment will be diverse and require a variety of players at various points and places in the recycling process, said Mike O'Kronley, CEO of Ascend Elements, a startup with a proprietary process focused on recycling material specifically for lithium-ion battery cathodes. He said there will be
Visnic, Bill
Epoxy polymers are widely used in various industries, e.g., as coatings, adhesives, and for lightweight construction due to their unique properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, and adhesion to various surfaces. Therefore, one of the most prominent applications is their use as matrix material in fiber-reinforced composites, which are heavily employed in the aerospace sector. However, the disposal of epoxy polymers and composites thereof has become a significant concern due to their recalcitrant nature and the adverse environmental effects caused by traditional recycling methods
The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by all United Nation Member States in 2015 to ensure a sustainable planet and improved living conditions for everyone, everywhere. The light duty vehicle (LDV) fleet has exceeded one billion, with most vehicles being powered by internal combustion engines. Transportation is responsible for 60% of global fossil oil consumption. Air pollution is a large problem in cities often attributed to road transport. Vehicles comprise of over 70 material categories, indicating the complexity of sustainable material management. A hypothesis was established, that a sustainable engine (SE) could significantly reduce the environmental impact of transportation and, be realized by combining available technologies. A life cycle analysis was conducted on a 145 kW 2-litre Miller-cycle gasoline 48V-mild-hybrid engine with EU6d exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS), assessing seven mid-point categories. The environmental impacts were used to establish sustainable
Dudley, Joshua PaulLaurell, MatsThuve, ChristofferKlövmark, Henrik
In recent years, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions (carbon neutrality) have accelerated worldwide. In the aluminum manufacturing industry, CO2 emissions can be reduced by switching the raw materials of choice; from virgin ingots to recycled ingots. However, the possible characteristic change accompanying the usage of impurity-ridden recycled ingots severely limits its applications, which also limits its potential contribution to carbon neutrality. Determining how impurity elements present in recycled ingots can affect the function of manufactured components is a necessary first step towards expanding the usage of recycled ingots. In this study, we aimed to apply recycled ingots to the monolithic cylinder made of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and investigated how impurity elements in recycled ingots affect properties (especially seizure characteristic). Die-cast cylinders using virgin and recycled ingots were manufactured and their properties were investigated. The elements that increased in
Owada, AtsushiSuzuki, Takaharu
DENSO started a pilot demonstration of on-site methanation as “CO2 circulation plant” as proactive initiative for CO2 capture and storage/utilization (CCUS) technologies toward achievement of carbon neutrality by 2035 in our own business. The CO2 circulation plant was designed to capture CO2 primarily generated by the plant and recycle it as an energy source of the facility. We also started work on the development of electric swing CO2 adsorption (ESA) technology to achieve low-energy CO2 capture
Suzuki, MasayukiIshizuka, KojiKomagata, Kazuya
Recycling and reusing battery materials is a top priority for Honda as the vehicle maker targets 100% of its global automotive sales being electrified vehicles by 2040. Honda says this is the year when sustainability solutions for its future EV business establish a firm foothold. “This includes beginning to build up an infrastructure for EV battery recycling and reuse in preparation for the eventual end-of-life for [electrified] vehicles and their batteries,” Phil Cozad, North American lithium-ion battery recycling leader for Honda Development & Manufacturing America LLC, told SAE Media. Earlier this year, Honda inked agreements with two battery recycling companies, Cirba Solutions and Ascend Elements. “These agreements with battery recycling companies are well-timed, as the Honda electrification strategy we announced two years ago is now well underway, starting with accelerating our sales of hybrid-electric vehicles as we work toward our transition to 100% electrified BEVs and FCEVs
Buchholz, Kami
Drawing inspiration from how spiders spin silk to make webs, a team of researchers from the National University of Singapore, together with international collaborators, has developed an innovative method of producing soft fibers that possess three key properties (strong, stretchable, and electrically conductive), and at the same time can be easily reused to produce new fibers
Vehicle aesthetic appearance is critical factor in the perceived quality of a vehicle. Auto OEM focuses on the improvement of perceived quality. The perceived quality of a vehicle is improved by achieving a superior finish on the visible parts. Plastic parts used in visible areas are painted to achieve a superior finish & aesthetic. However, the painting process is very energy intensive, releases a lot of harmful VOCs into the environment, emits carbon di-oxide into the environment & is a very costly process. Also, painted parts pose a challenge for recycling at the end of life. For painting one square meter area, around 6.5 Kg of co2 is released. Additionally, the painting cost contributes to around 60 % of the part cost. As the emphasis has increased on sustainability & reducing the cost, we took the challenge to develop novel mold in color material to eliminate the painting process without compromising the aesthetic & functional requirements of part. The challenge was to develop the
jha, AshutoshHatwalne, Mrunal R.
In an automotive vehicle, the Window Regulator is an electro-mechanical assembly that is mounted inside the door. The basic function of the Window Regulator is to raise or lower the glass when required and hold the glass in closed position or in any desired position. During Water servicing or rains, Water will typically enter inside the door through the seals and on to the Window Regulator mechanism. Hence these conditions must be physically tested in the laboratory to assess the Window Regulator’s functionality which could get affected by Water intrusion. The Water spray test conditions are based on mutual agreement between Inteva Products and the OEMs. Water spray test involves moving the electric Window Regulator to upper stall position (Window closed) at a defined voltage and line resistance. The glass must be dwelled followed by spraying defined amount of Water which simulates the rain. The agreed number of test cycles would be around 4500 which lasts about 7 weeks. Hence, to
Gavhane, SudarshanBabu, YugandharPrasannakumar, JitheshBanjan, Rohith
The electrification of the vehicle fleet has as a direct implication the disposal of lithium-ion batteries. It is noteworthy that such batteries need a suitable destination at the end of their useful life, since they are composed of chemical elements with high added value (such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and lithium) and that cannot be discarded in nature, a since they can generate environmental damage to the ecosystem and to the health of the population. Therefore, the development of effective processes for recycling these batteries is key to the economic and environmental sustainability of vehicle electrification. By recovering critical materials, robust recycling systems reduce raw material demand, greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impacts associated with mining and refining activities. Within this context, hydrometallurgy has emerged as a promising process for battery recycling, presenting high efficiency, lower processing temperature, generating lower carbon emissions
Ferrarese, AndreAugusto Kumoto, ElioAssis Gobo, LucianaBotelho Junior, Amilton BarbosaSoares Tenório, Jorge AlbertoEspinosa, Denise
Out of every 135,000 used tires purchased, only 8,000 make it to the final stage to be made reusable [1]. The cost for purchasing, handling, transporting as well as inspection by experts results in heavy losses accrued which demotivates both individuals as well as organisations from adopting such recycling strategies. Here we propose a solution which will help reduce the cost as well make the process efficient and time saving. For identifying reusable truck tires effectively and prevent discarding of completely fine tires, deep learning is used to realise the image recognition of good and scrap truck tires. Firstly, Shearography Tire testing is done in the production laboratory or on the test track. Vacuum chamber measuring system helps- in taking multiple pictures of tires. Then image enhancement and data preprocessing are used to augment images, then these were input into the network for training. Afterwards, for reaching a higher accuracy, the learning rate and iteration numbers
Prakash, AdityaPrakash, Abhishek
In significant industrial segments across the globe, there continues to be major investment in large-scale equipment that incorporates heavy-duty material movement and handling systems. In mining applications such as bucket wheel excavators and conveyors, to metal shredders in recycling operations, as well as winch systems and drilling equipment in offshore applications, powerful low-speed drives that can deliver high torque and reliably function in rugged demanding environments are in high demand
Researchers have developed a low-cost device that can selectively capture carbon dioxide gas while it charges. Then, when it discharges, the carbon dioxide (CO2) can be released in a controlled way and collected to be reused or disposed of responsibly
Rapid socio-economic development and technological advancement has made the hazardous chemical components of end-of-life electronics waste (e-waste) an imminent challenge. Conventional extraction methods rely on energy-intensive processes and are inefficient when applied to recycling e-waste or waste streams that contain mixed materials and small amounts of metals. NASA Ames Research Center has developed an inexpensive biological approach to removing or adsorbing a target substance or material, for example a metal, non-metal toxin, dye, or small molecule drug, from solution
In today’s world, many consumers are demanding that brands and corporations become more sustainable and make a dedicated effort to reduce their carbon footprint. This has led companies to show how they are helping the planet by setting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals, such as achieving zero-waste, lowering their carbon footprint, and switching to more sustainable, recyclable products. In many industries, such as consumer packaged goods, there are a variety of companies and options, allowing consumers to make a conscious decision to switch to more recyclable or eco-friendly alternatives. So, companies that are not making moves to become more sustainable will likely be at a competitive disadvantage in the future
Recycling channels for foam materials, especially mattress foams, are set up. The foams are generally crushed into flakes and then assembled resulting in heterogeneous materials. These materials are more valuable if their properties are controlled. This work focuses on their acoustical properties. First, the properties of initial foams have to be estimated and the assembling process has to be analyzed in order to model the acoustic behavior of the reconstructed heterogeneous materials. The foams flakes are assembled with a binder and compressed during the manufacturing process. This work presents the methodology set up to predict the sound absorption of such heterogeneous materials based on recycled foams, from the estimation of the raw material properties to the final assembly. First, a large number of foams were measured in order to distinguish categories of materials. The data is stored in a database management software in order to perform some statistical analysis. Some typical raw
Chevillotte, FabienGontier, MathieuRomeyns, BarbaraMarchetti, Fabien
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