Browse Topic: Emissions
The study emphasizes on development of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) dosing system specifically used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of diesel engine for emission control, where a low pressure pumpless DEF dosing system is developed, utilizing compressed air for pressurizing the DEF tank and discharging DEF through air assisted DEF injection nozzle. SCR systems utilize Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) to convert harmful NOx emissions from diesel engines into harmless nitrogen and water vapor. Factors such as improper storage, handling, or refilling practices can lead to DEF contamination which pose significant operational challenges for SCR systems. Traditional piston-type, diaphragm-type, or gear-type pumps in DEF dosing systems are prone to mechanical failures leading to frequent maintenance, repairs, and costly downtimes for vehicles. To overcome the existing challenges and to create a more reliable and simple DEF delivery mechanism the pumpless DEF Dosing system is developed. The
This paper is to introduce a new catalyst family in gasoline aftertreatment. The very well-known three-way catalysts effectively reduce the main emission components resulting from the combustion process in the engine, namely THC, CO, and NOx. The reduction of these harmful emissions is the main goal of emission legislation such as Bharat VI to increase air quality significantly, especially in urban areas. Indeed, it has been shown that under certain operating conditions, three-way catalysts may produce toxic NH3 and the greenhouse gas N2O, which are both very unwanted emissions. In a self-committed approach, OEMs could want to minimize these noxious pollutants, especially if this can be done with no architecture change, namely without additional underfloor catalyst. In most Bharat VI gasoline aftertreatment system architectures, significant amounts of NH3 occur in two phases of vehicle driving: situations with the catalyst temperature below light-off, which appear after cold start or
The rising importance of sustainability in the automotive sector has led to increased interest in circular and environmentally responsible materials, particularly for plastic trims parts, both interior and exterior. This study focuses on developing textile solutions using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) sourced from post-consumer plastic waste, along with bio-based fibres such as bamboo. These materials made into woven and knitted fabrics are studied to suit different vehicle interior applications. r-PET textiles show promising strength, aesthetic appeal, and durability performance. Bamboo fabrics are known for their natural antimicrobial properties and enhanced breathability. Extensive testing is performed to validate explored sustainable materials performance against key automotive requirements. With this study, we gain an understanding of the performance of variedly sourced sustainable raw materials for automotive specific textile applications by different manufacturing
Environmental pollution is one of the growing concerns of our society. As vehicle emissions are a major contributor to air pollution, emission control is a primary goal of the Automotive industry. Vehicle emissions are higher due to improper combustion, which leads to toxic gases being generated from the exhaust system. Unburnt fuel is one of the leading causes of toxic pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxides (NOx) and Hydrocarbons. The catalytic converter converts these gases into less toxic substances such as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, and water vapor. The catalytic converter performs efficiently after reaching its “Light Off” temperature, after which the catalyst becomes active. Hence, elevated temperature of the exhaust gases aids in efficient conversion. Presently, the gases from the exhaust system are approximately at a temperature of 300°C-600°C. This paper outlines the concept of a Peltier (Thermoelectric) Module - based system, which helps maintain the high
After the implementation of BS-VI emission standards, effective exhaust after-treatment has become critical in minimizing harmful emissions from diesel engines. One significant challenge is the accumulation of hydrocarbons (HC) in the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). Certain hydrocarbons may adsorb onto the catalyst surface yet remain unreactive, leading to potential operational inefficiencies. This phenomenon necessitates the desorption of unreactive hydrocarbons to allow space for more reactive species, thereby enhancing oxidation efficiency and overall catalyst performance. The process of desorption (DeSorb) is vital to maintaining the balance of reactive hydrocarbons within the DOC. When a vehicle is idling, unburnt fuel produces hydrocarbons that accumulate in the DOC. Upon acceleration, these hydrocarbons can lead to an uncontrolled rise in temperature, resulting in DOC push-out, catalyst damage, and downstream impacts on the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). To mitigate these
The Mahindra XUV 3XO is a compact SUV, the first-generation of which was introduced in 2018. This paper explores some of the challenges entailed in developing the subsequent generation of this successful product, maintaining exterior design cues while at the same time improving its aerodynamic efficiency. A development approach is outlined that made use of both CFD simulation and Coastdown testing at MSPT (Mahindra SUV proving track). Drag coefficient improvement of 40 counts (1 count = 0.001 Cd) can be obtained for the best vehicle exterior configuration by paying particular attention to: AGS development to limit the drag due to cooling airflow into the engine compartment Front wheel deflector optimization Mid underbody cover development (beside the LH & RH side skirting) Wheel Rim optimization In this paper we have analyzed the impact of these design changes on the aerodynamic flow field, Pressure plots and consequently drag development over the vehicle length is highlighted. An
The legislation of CEV Stage V emission norms has necessitated advanced Diesel Particulate Filter calibration strategies to ensure optimal performance across diverse construction equipment applications in the Indian market. Considering the various duty cycles of cranes, backhoe loaders, forklifts, compactors, graders, and other equipment, different load conditions and operational environments require a comprehensive strategy to enhance DPF efficiency, minimize regeneration frequency, and maintain compliance with emission standards. The DPF, as an after-treatment system in the exhaust layout, is essential for meeting emission standards, as it effectively traps particulate matter. Regeneration occurs periodically to burn the soot particles trapped inside the DPF through ECU management. Therefore, understanding soot loading and in-brick DPF temperature behavior across various applications is key. This paper explores the challenges in DPF calibration for CEV Stage V and provides a
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