Browse Topic: Emissions
In the automotive industry, the zonal architecture is a design approach that organizes a vehicle’s electronic and communication systems into specific zones. These zones group components based on their function and physical location, enabling more efficient integration and simplified communication between the vehicle’s various systems. An important aspect of this architecture is the implementation of the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. CAN is a serial communication protocol developed specifically for automotive applications, allowing various electronic devices within a vehicle, such as sensors, actuators, and Electronic Control Units (ECUs), to communicate with each other quickly and reliably, sharing information essential for the vehicle’s operation. However, due to its limitations, there is a need for more efficient protocols like Automotive Ethernet and Controller Area Network Flexible (CAN FD), which allow for higher transmission rates and larger data packets. To centralize
In today's world, the electric vehicle (EV) industry is experiencing a remarkable boom with increasing global demand. With it, comes the surging and unprecedented need for EV batteries. Recycling these batteries has become of crucial importance, as it not only plays a vital role in ensuring the security of the battery supply chain but also serves as a key measure for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are still several issues that remain unresolved in this domain. Unsettled Issues Regarding Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling delves deep into these issues, thoroughly exploring the current state of the industry and potential solutions to drive sustainable EV battery recycling. By addressing these challenges, we can strive towards a more sustainable future in the EV sector. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
R-1234yf is used in almost every new car sold in the U.S., but the EU is discussing a ban and the industry is investigating alternatives like CO2 and propane. According to its manufacturer, Chemours, use of R-1234yf has grown so much since the refrigerant replaced the long-established R-134a that it's now used in 95% of new cars sold in the U.S. An estimated 220 million cars on global roads are also using it. The problem with R-134a, which came in cars and trucks in the 1990s, is that it's a gas with “a global warming potential (GWP) that is 1,430 times that of CO2,” according to the EPA. Since 2017, EU legislation has banned the use of any refrigerant in new vehicles with a GWP higher than 150. That rule doomed R-134a but opened the door for R-1234yf, which has a GWP of only four. The EU is currently revisiting R-1234yf emissions rules and may ban the substance in a few years. In the U.S., the EPA stands by its use
Innovation often comes a piece at a time, but what happens when you put all those pieces together at once? That is precisely the question Shell is attempting to answer with its Starship initiative. Now in its third iteration, Starship 3.0 Natural Gas continues pushing the boundaries of efficiency and emissions reduction by employing all currently available technologies and engineering advancements. The Shell Starship initiative was first launched in 2018 with the aim of setting new benchmarks for the commercial road transport sector. The Starship 2.0 managed 254 ton-miles per gallon for freight ton efficiency (FTE), which is 3.5 times the North American average. Additionally, Starship 2.0 recorded fuel consumption of 10.8 mpg on a cross-country run, which according to Shell is nearly double the current fleet average in North America
One of the advantages of the internal combustion engine is that it can function with relatively simple intake air filtration. Provided that dust is kept out, air entering the engine can ensure that the necessary combustion process takes place. So, a relatively simple dust filter will do the job. By comparison, hydrogen fuel cells are far more sensitive to air quality. Other pollutants can affect both fuel-cell performance and the lifetime of the fuel-cell stack. At the recent IAA Transportation Show in Hanover, Germany, Donaldson Filtration Solutions displayed tailored solutions through its range of cathode air filters. These typically rely on multiple layers - including activated carbon, an acid and base layer, and a dust filter - to screen out sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia, while allowing for customization to protect against butane, toluene and other unwanted compounds
Agriculture, industrial, mining, construction, freight transport and other major global economy sectors rely on vehicle power to thrive. “Internal combustion engines - those powered by gasoline, diesel, natural gas or propane - really are key to our current economy, and we see [the ICE] as a key part of our energy future,” Allen Schaeffer, executive director of the Engine Technology Forum, a U.S.-based educational organization, said during a September webinar. Hosted by the Engine Technology Forum, the “Taking Internal Combustion Engines to the Next Level” session focused on current and under-development innovations aimed at increasing engine efficiency and lowering emissions
There is great recognition regarding the importance of hydrogen as an energy route for the decarbonization of road vehicles. Several countries are making large investments to create products, services, and infrastructures that allow hydrogen to be used as a clean source for propulsion, but there are still many open questions. This complete hydrogen chain involves production, transformation, transport, storage, and use. Although many initiatives are seeking global production, the use of low-carbon hydrogen is not yet economically competitive. Therefore, for this industry to establish itself, and acknowledging the characteristics of each region, there needs to be more intense coordination of efforts between the different industrial and political segments. Low-carbon Hydrogen Use Across Economic Sectors and Global Regions establishes premises for the hydrogen economy and its main environmental aspects. It also includes proposals and scenarios to establish a strategy that relates to
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