Browse Topic: Emissions

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Multiple Pathways to decarbonize PV Sector2024-28-0127To be published on 12/05/2024
The cumulative accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) historically has resulted in the current problem of global warming. This is further compounded by developed nations, therefore, to fill this gap enhanced global actions are decided. Considering Country's development need, available resources, government boost for agriculture, A holistic approach for 4W PVs is taken considering well to wheel emissions, as there are other ways to reduce tank to wheel emissions but may not be very effective for overall country's GHG reduction. Major emissions in vehicle use are calculated based on Carbon intensity of various fuels & optimum pathway for Indian scenario is prepared & discussed in the paper considering all aspects CO2 reduction, development & motorization need This paper explains multiple pathways for PV Sector to be considered to meet country's GHG needs
Sarna, Nishant, Jaiswal, Harsh, Rani, Abha, Dwivedi, Vipin, Vashisth, Ajay, Bhat, Anoop
Technical Paper
Dynamic modeling of torque & emissions: Digital twin to simulate combustion process and exhaust emissions for diagnostics & prognostics applications2024-28-0172To be published on 12/05/2024
A large fraction of today’s energy consumption is attributable to the transportation sector. Therefore, further development of internal combustion engines has a huge potential to reduce environmental impact through modelling complicated, fast and unsteady phenomena including the changes of emission gases concentration and output torque observed during diesel emission and combustion process. This paper presents research on the emission and combustion characteristics of a heavy vehicle diesel engine, elaborating an engineered framework for prognostics/diagnostics, state monitoring, and performance trending of heavy-duty vehicle engine and after treatment system (ATS). The proposed framework leverages advanced simulation and modeling methodologies to ensure precise predictions and diagnostics. By integrating physics-based models with data-driven techniques, the framework accurately models engine and exhaust system behaviors under various operating conditions. For exhaust system, framework
Singh, Prabhsharn, Thakare, Ujval, Hivarkar, Umesh
Technical Paper
Precise and robust SoC estimation using adaptive filters-based techniques for Electric Trucks2024-28-0152To be published on 12/05/2024
The traction for zero emission vehicles in the transportation industry is creating a focus on Battery Electric vehicles (BEV) as one of the potential alternate powertrain sources. To the relevance of electric trucks, the range estimation and optimum energy prediction & utilization brings utmost importance. Battery management system (BMS) controller is needed for optimized and safe operation of high voltage (HV) battery. For correct behavior of battery management system, it is important to accurately estimate the state of charge (SoC). SoC is an important and decisive factor for deciding operating limits such as current limits, voltage limits & battery operational range (charge-discharge interval). Inaccurate State of Charge (SoC) estimation can accelerate battery aging and cause damage to components, affecting energy throughput. Current state of art deploys coulomb counting technique for SoC calculation, this approach encounters the challenges like sensor noises and initial SoC error
Kumar, Raman, AHMAD, MD SAIF, Challa, Krishna, Ranjan, Ashish, Bayya, Madhuri
Technical Paper
Novel UWS mist injection technique for SCR performance improvement2024-28-0133To be published on 12/05/2024
The present study aims to meet the Euro-VII compliance applicable for internal combustion engines (diesel and hydrogen) by improving the performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using a novel UWS mist generation technique. The SCR system helps to convert the harmful NOx emission into harmless by-products by injecting the UWS, which is converted into ammonia (NH3). Despite the proven technology, there are several challenges presented in the existing system which degrade the SCR performance: (i) incomplete droplet evaporation (ii) solid deposit formation (iii) non uniformity of NH3 distribution at the catalyst entrance. The past studies shows that the droplet size plays a major role in this context. Further, it is noted that the smaller size droplets are desirable to overcome the impediments and enhance the efficiency of SCR application. Therefore, the current work numerically investigates the effect of mist (contains very fine size droplets) injection on the droplet
Venkatachalam, Palaniappan, Shiva, Shashidhar, Govindarajan, Vaishali, Soni, Prerna, Patidar, Sachin
Technical Paper
Impact Of Time Aligned Measurement Parameters On Brake Specific Emissions2024-28-0132To be published on 12/05/2024
As per global emissions legislation requirements running test cycles and reporting brake specific emissions is the key requirement. Engine gaseous emissions measurement is mandatory requirement for ON Highway and OFF Highway applications for transient duty cycles during testing at test cells. To meet the stringent emission limits is one of the challenging tasks considering the nature of transient duty cycles with accurate measurement of lower emission values. Similarly calculating accurate results is critical since there are several factors which impacts the accuracy of calculated results. As per regulatory test methods, there is guidance on measuring the time lag through an experiment method and accounting the same during the results calculation, however during dynamic conditions, the time lags will vary and influence the calculated results. This paper focuses on understanding critical parameters which leads to variations in dynamic condition of time lag of measured emissions
Patil, Rahul Chandrakant, Rajoapdhye, Sunil, Mudassir, Mohammed, Mokhadkar, Rahul, Phadke, Abhijit Narahari, Bharambe, Niraj, Dhuri, Santosh
Technical Paper
Anomaly Detection in Fleet Vehicle Data and Statistical approach to develop Engine System OBD thresholds2024-28-0195To be published on 12/05/2024
On-Board-Diagnostics are crucial for ensuring the proper functioning of Vehicle’s emission control system by continuously monitoring various sensors and components. When the failure is detected, the Check Engine Light (CEL) is triggered on Vehicle’s dashboard, alerting the driver to seek professional service to address the issue. However, the task of developing the Diagnostics strategies and perform robust calibration is a challenging and time consuming. Model in Loop Testing and Simulation is a technique used to understand and estimate the behavior of system or sub system. The diagnostics model can be tested and refined within the model-based environment allowing a complex system to be efficiently regulated. Model in loop framework could be used at various stages of development from very early in the design phase to later stages of series developments through vehicle fleet data. This framework allows an early identification and correction of errors and bugs. In this paper, the
Kumar, Amit, Hegde, Karthik, Challa, Krishna, H, YASHWANTH
Technical Paper
Development of an Automated Testbench for Functional Testing of Dosing Unit2024-28-0202To be published on 12/05/2024
Increasingly stringent emission regulations continue to be legislated around the world to signifi-cantly minimize pollutants released to the air by internal combustion engines. After Treatment Systems (ATS) meant for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust into non-harmful species have evolved at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Stringent emissions requirements have driven complex ATS architecture through sensors to measure delta-pressure, NOx, and tem-peratures. Accurate and precise performance of individual components as well as the integrated ATS is required to ensure regulatory compliance and efficient performance. Both of which require substantial amounts of performance and validation testing. Manufacturers have been developing the ability to accurately and efficiently test the ATS components. To meet the norms for tail pipe or stack emissions of NOx in ‘as new’ condition and during the entire ‘emissions useful life (EUL)’ of the ATS, all components of an ATS must
RAUT, Pratiksha C, Ottikkutti, Pradheepram, Phadke, Abhijit Narahari, Magar, Vijay A.
Technical Paper
Data Quality Evaluation and Assurance of Emissions on IC Engine2024-28-0134To be published on 12/05/2024
Engines are the predominant source of Earth's Air pollution contributor, hence there are various emission laws which mandate the use of Emission test cycle to verify that engine adhere to predetermined emission limits. A protocol found in an emission standard that enables consistent and comparable measurement of exhaust emissions for various engines is known as an emission test cycle. Values of emission parameters are the result of emission cycle. Measurements of GHG emissions - particulate number and particulate matter, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides are used to determine exhaust gas thermodynamic characteristics, fuel-air ratio, combustion efficiency, and emission indices. Because they link engine performance to environmental impact. The engine and aftertreatment system's exhaust emissions are currently having a significant negative impact on the environment. The emission indices (EI) are the characteristics that engine engineers and atmospheric emissions
Baraskar, Shweta, Rajoapdhye, Sunil, Dhuri, Santosh, Patil, Rahul, Mudassir, Mohammed, Phadke, Abhijit Narahari, Mokhadkar, Rahul
Technical Paper
Sustainable Storage and Transition from CNG to Hydrogen2024-28-0128To be published on 12/05/2024
As the world becomes more environmentally conscious, a sustainable transition from Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to a hydrogen economy is desirable. Hydrogen is a clean and abundant fuel that has the potential to replace fossil fuels and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. This paper analyses the status of the hydrogen economy and the policies and incentives that government is implementing to promote its adoption, storage, dispensing and usage. The feasibility of a transition from CNG to a hydrogen economy through HCNG and the challenges that need to be overcome are explored. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of CNG, HCNG and hydrogen and compares the fuels in terms of energy efficiency, infrastructure requirements and environmental impact. Efforts have been made to develop Hydrogen storage cylinder (Type IV) to store hydrogen gas at high pressures, typically around 350 to 700 bar (5,000 to 10,000 psi), to ensure a sufficient range for the vehicle and ensure no risk
Vora, Kamalkishore Chhaganlal, Parasumanna, Ajeet Babu Kumar, Shembekar, Prashant Sharad
Technical Paper
ML (Machine Learning) Approach to control Thermal Strategies and mitigate Sensor Failure penalty on Emissions2024-28-0170To be published on 12/05/2024
As vehicle emission standards are becoming stringent worldwide because of the looming climate crisis, it is important to control the pollutants that vehicles emit. To achieve the stringent emission target, it has become a priority to enhance the capability of emission control system (ECS) which consist of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) sub-systems. One of the bottlenecks is the limited operating temperature range of the after-treatment system. In modern emission control systems, the temperature characteristics should always be optimized to have the best efficiency. To achieve the optimal operating temperature, different thermal control strategies are followed in the Engine and emission control unit. Temperature sensor values are one of the primary inputs for thermal management strategies. In the event of temperature sensor malfunction, the ECS performance is affected due to incorrect temperature input, resulting
Kumar, Amit, V H, Yashwanth, Kumar, Raman, Hegde, Karthik, Manojdharan, Arjungopal
Technical Paper
Efficient NOx sensor failure detection using frequency spectrum analysis2024-28-0216To be published on 12/05/2024
In the present times it is the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to reduce and monitor the emissions that their vehicle is emitting into the environment. One such vehicle emission which is very harmful for the environment is Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). All internal combustion engine operated vehicles will have NOx sensor in them to monitor the NOx getting generated by the engine. The information from this sensor is crucial in order to take the correct action by the vehicle emission control system to treat NOx before releasing it to the environment. Hence it is very important to detect the failure in NOx sensors. This paper addresses the challenges in identifying NOx sensor failures, specifically concerning complex and time-consuming diagnostic methods that require dosing of fuel for testing. The conventional approach involves NOx sensor rationality checks, heating catalysts, and comparing engine outlet NOx and vehicle outlet NOx sensor values. To overcome these limitations, this
Ramesh, Prashanth Mysore, Velichappattil, Anvar Hussain
Technical Paper
Analyzing effect of reinforcement on stir casted 7075 Aluminum alloy2024-28-0165To be published on 12/05/2024
Growing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and lower CO2 emissions has led to the development of lightweight materials. Aluminum composites are being used to achieve light weighting in order to improve performance, efficiency, and sustainability across various industries. The unique properties of aluminum composites make them an attractive choice for researchers and designers looking to optimize their products. Reinforcement materials play a vital role in the development of these composites, acting as barriers to dislocation movement within the aluminum matrix. This effectively strengthens the material and prevents deformation under load, resulting in increased tensile strength and fatigue resistance. Additionally, aluminum composites exhibit improved thermal and electrical conductivity, making them suitable for automotive applications. In this study, metal matrix composites (MMCs) of aluminum 7075 alloy were developed using silicon carbide (SiC) and fly ash as reinforcements. Three
Manwatkar, Asmita Ashok, Santosh Jambhale, Medha, Mahagaonkar, Nitin, Sharma, Dipesh
Technical Paper
Overview of Electric Vehicle Adoption in Bhutan2024-28-0130To be published on 12/05/2024
Nestled in the Himalayas, the Kingdom of Bhutan has a distinctive commitment towards sustainability and environmental conservation guided by the mandates of its supreme constitution and the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH). The foundation of Bhutan's commitment to environmental conservation is built through strong policy enactments in conservation, waste management, and energy practices. Despite efforts to utilize clean and sustainable energy sources, Bhutan still heavily relies on non-renewable energy sources such as coal and its derivatives, biomass, and petroleum products, accounting for 62.4% of its energy share, with electricity from hydropower, wind, and solar energy accounting for 37.6%. Although the government has promoted EV adoption through policies and initiatives like the "Low Emission Development Strategy" and the "EV Roadmap 2035," the transport sector remains a significant consumer of energy, amounting to over 108,768.10 KOE (14.4% of the total energy consumed
Wangchuk, Singye, Dema, Dorji
Technical Paper
Detailed FE Modeling of battery pack to predict Thermal Runaway2024-28-0154To be published on 12/05/2024
Electrified powertrain is the essential need to meet the C02 and NOX emissions compliance. Thereby focus of automotive industry is shifting towards to Electric Vehicle (EV). Thermal Runaway (TR) is still a big challenge to the safety of the EV. The major cause of TR is internal short-circuit of batteries under external mechanical abuse. When Anode and cathode of the battery comes in contact and short circuit happens. Internal short circuit is causing high amount of current flow and energy generation which leads to high increase in temperature. The approach that is used till date by OEMs is to protect the battery pack from structural damage during crash resulting into overdesigning of the vehicle. In this paper, detailed FE modeling of the battery system is considered for evaluating internal short circuit and TR. Solid Randle circuit is used for Multiphysics coupling simulation in Ls-dyna. Solid Randle circuits solves this Multiphysics and derives these electrical and thermal parameters
Jain, Tripti, Bonala, Sastry, Dangare, Anand
Technical Paper
Examining Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blends: Impact on Diesel Passenger Car Performance and Emissions Under Legislative Test Cycles2024-28-0125To be published on 12/05/2024
Incorporating ethanol and biodiesel into diesel fuel offers substantial benefits from bioenergy perspective. This approach aligns with the National Policy on Biofuels by reducing dependency on fossil fuels, promoting sustainability, and strengthening the agricultural sector through increased demand for bio-based feedstocks. To assess the effect of these alternative fuels, a study was conducted with different Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel (B7, E2B7 and E5B7) fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel passenger car under Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). A four-cylinder 1.5 L Common Rail Turbo based diesel passenger car was selected for the study. The test findings reveal that biodiesel blend (B7) produces higher CO emissions compared to neat diesel; however, these emissions decrease with the addition of ethanol (E2B7 and E5B7) due to its embedded oxygen content. Under MIDC, THC emissions decrease with
Dhyani, Vipin, Patil, Yogesh J, Singhal, Nikita, Khandai, Chinmayananda, Kannala, Raghava, Muralidharan, M
Technical Paper
Cost Optimization Techniques for EV Charging Stations based on Renewable Energy Sources and Grid power2024-28-0146To be published on 12/05/2024
Adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) reduces air pollution by reducing harmful gas emissions. Such adoption, however, needs a reliable and convenient charging infrastructure, including smart EV charging. Renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic cells, battery and wind energy systems can address these infrastructural gaps which work in conjunction with main grid power supply thereby providing low-cost electricity. This paper introduces an energy management algorithm for integrated renewable and grid power sources available at charging stations across India that considers techno-economic and environmental factors. The current work proposes a supervisory controller model that manages the load power demand of the charging station. The controller effectively deploys low cost energy sources based on the status of all available power supplies and reduces the overall charging costs in real time. The energy management algorithm ensures adequate stand-alone energy generation and
Shukla, Ankit, Kushwah, Yogendra Singh, Suman, Saurabh
Technical Paper
Assessment of Performance and Emissions from a Hybrid Vehicle Integrated with a Low Temperature Combustion Engine Undergoing a Drive Cycle2024-28-0140To be published on 12/05/2024
In the last decade, the increased global temperature, stringent regulations, and customer demand for high fuel economy have led to the accelerated development of alternative propulsion solutions, with particular focus on electrified vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the combination of electric machinery with conventional powertrains, allows the diversification of powertrain architectures. In addition, it has been demonstrated that engines employing advanced low temperature combustion concepts, such as dual fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), and able to operate on both renewable and conventional fuels, produce ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions while maintaining thermal efficiency similar to conventional diesel operation at part load operating conditions. Therefore, the combination of both technologies creates a promising horizon to be implemented in production vehicles in the near future. This study aims to investigate the
Marwaha, Tejasva, Khedkar, Nikhil Dilip, Sarangi, Asish Kumar
Technical Paper
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Associated Corrosion Risk Prediction for Aftertreatment System2024-28-0258To be published on 12/05/2024
Topic Name: Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Associated Corrosion Risk Prediction for Aftertreatment System. Authors: Tushar S Udhane, Enoch Nanduru, Michael J Warwick, Donald E Willey, Tanishq Parikh, Nikhil Giri. Abstract: With emission regulations becoming increasingly stringent, the integration of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) in aftertreatment systems has become essential for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in compliance with these evolving standards. DEF dosing is a critical component in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems, where it chemically reacts with NOx emissions in the exhaust stream to form harmless nitrogen and water vapor, thus significantly reducing the environmental impact of diesel engines. However, the introduction of DEF presents a challenge of corrosion risk within the aftertreatment system components. This study aims to predict the location of corrosion risks associated with DEF usage in Diesel aftertreatment system by employing a multi-faceted approach
Udhane, Tushar Sudam, Nanduru, Enoch, Warwick, Michael, Willey, Donald, Giri, Nikhil, Parikh, Tanishq
Technical Paper
Electromagnetic interference measurement study from various electric vehicle drive train2024-28-0138To be published on 12/05/2024
The article presents measurement results from a semi-anechoic automotive EMC chamber with different electric drivetrains under various loading conditions. The measurements are conducted based on CISPR 12 standard guidelines, in which radiated broadband emission in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1GHz using quasi peak and peak detectors are measured. Two wheeler, three wheeler and passenger cars with various drivetrains are selected for this study. Usually the measurements are done with no road loading condition as per standard recommendation. But in this paper we studied the effects of various parameters such as rolling, wind, and gradient resistance with the help of chassis dynamometer. The study examines and discusses how various vehicle architecture behaves under different conditions. According to the study, there are particular drive trains that emits more electromagnetic emissions when they are under various loading situations
Mulay, Abhijit B, M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay M
Technical Paper
Ultra-High Power Density Hybrid Power Systems and APUs2024-01-327111/15/2024
Abstract Military vehicles need prime power and auxiliary power systems with ever-increasing power density and specific power, as well as greater fuel economy, lower noise, lower exhaust emissions and greater stealth. D-STAR technologies, funded by the Army, DARPA, Marine Corps / Navy and others, are enabling a new generation of modified-HCCI (homogenous charge compression ignition) engines that simultaneously offer power density and specific power of racing-quality gasoline engines, operation on JP-8 and other heavy fuels, as well as the other desirable qualities mentioned above. D-STAR Engineering has recently developed a prototype for a 1 kW man-portable heavy-fuel hybrid power system, that has been successfully tested by the ONR / USMC, and has demonstrated the power core for a 2 kW hybrid power system (for Army TARDEC). D-STAR is also developing, based on funding from the Army, a 500 Watt hybrid power system, and has designs for hybrid heavy fuel power systems and APUs for 10 and
Dev, S. Paul
Technical Paper
Tailoring of Acoustic, Smoke and Thermal Signatures from Diesel-Powered Unmanned Ground Vehicles2024-01-327411/15/2024
ABSTRACT This work investigates non-traditional operating modes of a diesel engine that allow the tailoring of acoustic, smoke and thermal signatures for unique unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) military applications. A production, air-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine having a mechanical fuel injection system has been retrofit with a flexible common-rail injection and electronic control system. The experimental domain explores the effects of the injection timing and pressure on the engine’s acoustic, smoke and heat signatures through analysis of the in-cylinder combustion processes. Surface maps of loudness, exhaust temperature and exhaust smoke density over the range of fuel injection strategies are presented, illustrating the degree to which each signature may be controlled. Trade-offs between the signature modes are presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the possibility of providing military UGVs the capability to tailor their acoustic, infrared and smoke signatures
Jansons, Marcis, Khaira, Sukhbir, Bryzik, Walter
Technical Paper
Assurance and Verification of Vehicular Microelectronic Systems (AV2MS): Supply Chain Assurance through Utilization of Side Channel Radio Frequency Emissions for Improved Ground Vehicle Cybersecurity2024-01-398511/15/2024
ABSTRACT Modern vehicular systems are comprised of numerous electronics control units (ECUs) that consist of thousands of microelectronics components. Individual ECU systems are reliant upon “trust” in the supply chain for defense. This paper describes an approach utilizing historically offensive-based cybersecurity technology, side-channels, to quantify and qualify malicious ECU states in a bus-agnostic, logically-decoupled method of assurance and verification. Providing a measure of supply chain assurance to end-users. Citation: Yale Empie, Matthew Bayer, “Assurance and Verification of Vehicular Microelectronic Systems (AV2MS): Supply Chain Assurance through Utilization of Side Channel Radio Frequency Emissions for Improved Ground Vehicle Cybersecurity,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
Empie, Yale, Bayer, Matthew
Technical Paper
Rapid Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Using a Non-Thermal Plasma Fuel Reformer2024-01-370611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Non-thermal plasma-assisted partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels (including military logistic fuels) is considered with the intent to rapidly produce hydrogen-rich syngas with the least amount of electrical power. The syngas produced can be used to fuel quiet solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) auxiliary generators, be added to engines or combustors to extend lean operation (decrease NOx and increase efficiency) or be further reformed to increase hydrogen yield (via water-gas shift and gas cleanup) for low-temperature fuel cells. Unlike catalytic fuel reformers that suffer from adverse issues involving catalyst deactivation (coking and tolerance to sulfur) and require a warmup period dependent on the thermal mass of the catalyst, plasma reforming offers a non-catalytic approach for rapid “on-demand” hydrogen-rich syngas production (quick startup). Plasma fuel reforming is also fuel flexible and can be applied to applications needing dynamic control of a varying amount of syngas
Pearlman, Howard, Schwartz, Brian, Demydovych, Max, Chen, Chien-Hua, Rabinovich, Alexander, Shenoy, Shridhar, Fridman, Alexander
Technical Paper
Development of a Non-Catalytic JP-8 Reformer2024-01-370811/15/2024
ABSTRACT Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) has been developing a Swiss-roll type, non-catalytic, thermal partial oxidation JP-8 reformer. The principle is using effective heat recirculation to increase the partial oxidation reaction temperature, which maximizes the H2 and CO yield without using catalyst. The gas phase reaction eliminates catalyst-associated issues, such as poisoning, coking, degradation, etc. Since the process uses only air and JP-8 fuel as the reactants, and is self-sustained (no external energy input), minimum balance-of-plant is required. One challenge of this reforming technology is the “out-of-center” reaction. Due to being highly preheated, the fuel and air mixture from the inlet is auto-ignited before entering the designed center reaction zone. The out-of-center reaction causes low reforming efficiency and potentially damages the inlet channel walls. In the previous study, direct injection of JP-8 fuel into the center reaction zone is able to avoid the
Chen, Chien-Hua, Crawmer, Joel, Richard, Brad, Pearlman, Howard, Ronney, Paul
Technical Paper
Sensitivity Studies on Particle Emissions and Transport Around a Moving Vehicle2024-01-329911/15/2024
Abstract The paper will provide representative simulations of particle transport around a vehicle in order to investigate some of the issues related to the accurate prediction of emission and transport of particles induced by a moving vehicle with a transverse blowing wind. Special treatments in boundary conditions and wall law function are discussed and applied to maintain the shape of atmospheric boundary layer wind velocity profile. For the vehicle, we adopt the geometry of a Nissan Pathfinder SUV to study the effects of vehicle emission and transport around a moving vehicle. We perform a set of simulations to better understand the modeling requirements for dust emissions including a sensitivity study to determine the modeling parameters that are most important for accurate modeling of dust generation and transport. In particular, we study the effects of location, size distribution, and initial velocity distributions of the modeled dust emissions on predicted downwind atmospheric
Tong, Xiaoling, Luke, Edward A., Smith, Robert E.
Technical Paper
BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS OF A COMMERCIALLY BASED DIESEL ENGINE MODIFIED FOR OPERATION ON JP 8 FUEL2024-01-318511/15/2024
ABSTRACT The majority of commercial off the shelf (COTS) diesel engines rely on EGR to meet increasingly stringent emissions standards, but these EGR systems would be susceptible to corrosion and damage if JP-8 were used as a fuel due to its high sulfur content. Starting with a Cummins 2007 ISL 8.9L production engine, this program demonstrates the modifications necessary to remove EGR and operate on JP-8 fuel with a goal of demonstrating 48% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at an emissions level consistent with 1998 EPA standards. The effects of injector cup flow, improved turbo match, increased compression ratio with revised piston bowl geometry, increased cylinder pressure, revised intake manifold for improved breathing, and piston, ring and liner designs to reduce friction are all investigated. Testing focused on a single operating point, full load at 1600 RPM. This engine uses a variable geometry turbo and high pressure common rail fuel system, allowing control over air fuel ratio
Lutz, Tim, Modiyani, Rajani
Technical Paper
Challenges in Adapting State-of-the-Art On-Highway Diesel Engine Technologies To Meet Military Specifications2024-01-310111/15/2024
ABSTRACT State-of-the-art Diesel engines used for on-highway operation are integrated systems containing multiple subsystems for performance and emissions enhancements. The drive to lower tailpipe emissions on on-highway engines drives system complexity which is both undesired and unnecessary for military ground vehicles. There are, however, on-highway technologies such as high pressure fuel injection systems and advanced turbocharger systems that allow improving the engines’ efficiency and therefore lowering its fuel consumption. The aforementioned technologies are currently available and present possible near term opportunities for military ground vehicles. The adaptation to allow reliable operation in military vehicles will be discussed as part of this near term view. The authors will also discuss the electronic controls architecture requirements that come along with these sophisticated technologies and discuss the advantages and opportunities that present themselves using advanced
Tatur, Marek, Tomazic, Dean, Koehler, Erik
Technical Paper
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of a Hybrid Electric Tractor-Semi-Trailer Prototype2024-01-431911/05/2024
The objective of the project was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a hybrid electric tractor-semi-trailer combination prototype. The prototype was developed for log hauling application by integrating an existing tractor with an electric semi-trailer to improve fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the conventional axles of the quad axle semi-trailer was replaced with a drive axle powered by an electric motor. Tests were conducted on a 105 km test route with a maximum difference in elevation of 355 m, including a hilly section with a length of 89 km. The results indicated fuel savings ranging from 10.5% to 14% per test run, with an average fuel savings of 12% when the electric drive axle was engaged. The hybrid electric tractor semi-trailer consumed 17.5% less fuel up-hill and 9.4% less down-hill. Throughout each test run, the battery’s state of charge fluctuated, averaging between 88% at the start and 52% at the end. Prior to each run, the batteries were
Surcel, Marius-Dorin, Mercier, Steve, Bonsi, Adime Kofi
Technical Paper
Combustion and Emissions Comparison between a Diesel and a Dimethyl Ether (DME) Off-Highway Compression Ignition Engine2024-01-270011/05/2024
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising substitute for diesel as a fuel in heavy-duty engines. This article presents the comparison between a diesel- and a DME-powered compression ignition engine. The diesel-powered version was initially characterised at a range of operating points before being converted to operate on DME. This was achieved by replacing fuel system components with bespoke DME-compatible engine parts. An off-board fuel pressurisation and conditioning system was designed to replace the existing high-pressure fuel pump, while maintaining all other engine hardware and components. Engine behaviour, in terms of combustion and emissions on both fuels was examined. Firstly, the effect of varying recirculated exhaust gas (EGR) concentration at constant excess air ratio, combustion phasing (CA50) and equal fuel delivery rate (by energy input) was interrogated. DME combustion was significantly faster, as combustion duration was reduced by around 30%, in some cases, when comparing to
Apostolou, Christos, Elliott, Thomas, Rutledge, John, Butcher, Daniel, Long, Edward, Spencer, Adrian
Technical Paper
Efficiency Improvement in a 48-Volt Mild Hybrid Vehicle Using Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery2024-01-431711/05/2024
The automotive industry faces significant obstacles in its efforts to improve fuel economy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Current conventional automotive powertrain systems are approaching their technical limits and will not be able to meet future carbon dioxide emission targets as defined by the tank-to-wheel benchmark test. As automakers transition to low-carbon transportation solutions through electrification, there are significant challenges in managing energy and improving overall vehicle efficiency, particularly in real-world driving scenarios. While electrification offers a promising path to low-carbon transportation, it also presents significant challenges in terms of energy management and vehicle efficiency, particularly in real-world scenarios. Battery electric vehicles have a favorable tank-to-wheel balance but are constrained by limited range due to the low battery energy density inherent in their technology. This limitation has led to the development of hybrid
Kraljevic, Ivica, Spicher, Ulrich
Technical Paper
The Effect Mechanism of Grain Size with Nanoscale and Microscale on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cu/SSZ-13 SCR Catalyst2024-01-430511/05/2024
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is currently one of the most effective methods to reduce NOx emissions for engine. NH3-SCR technology is also considered to be the most promising hydrogen engine after-treatment device. This paper used Cu-SSZ-13, which is widely commercially available, as the research object, and explored the relationship between micron and nanoscale grain sizes through experimental methods such as BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, UV-vis-DRS and activity testing, the influence mechanism of micron-scale and nano-scale grain size on the morphology and properties of Cu/SSZ-13 catalyst was explored. The results show that the fresh nanoscale 900F sample has higher low-temperature NOx conversion efficiency, while the micron-scale 1800F sample has poor low-temperature activity and better high-temperature activity. This is closely related to its morphological characteristics, adsorption and desorption characteristics and dual-site properties. The specific surface area and total
Chen, Yajuan, Lou, Diming, Zhang, Yunhua, Tan, Piqiang, Fang, Liang, Hu, Zhiyuan
Technical Paper
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Effect of Urea Pulse Injection Strategies to Reduce NOx Emission in Urea-SCR Catalysts2024-01-430411/05/2024
A major challenge for auto industries is reducing NOx and other exhaust gas emissions to meet stringent Euro 7 emission regulations. A urea Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) after-treatment system (ATS) commonly uses upstream urea water injection to reduce NOx from the engine exhaust gas. The NOx emission conversion rate in ATSs is high for high exhaust gas temperatures but substantially low for temperatures below 200°C. This study aims to improve the NOx conversion rate using urea pulse injection in a mass-production 2.2 L diesel engine equipped with an SCR ATS operated under low exhaust gas temperature. The engine experimental results show that, under 200°C exhaust temperature and 3.73x104 h-1 gross hourly space velocity (SV), the NOx conversion rate can be improved by 5% using 5-sec ON and 12-sec OFF (denoted as 5/12 s) urea pulse supply compared to the constant supply under time-averaged 1.0 urea equivalence ratio. It is experimentally observed that the urea pulse supply’s
Yoshida, Fuka, Takahashi, Hideaki, Kotani, Yuya, Zu, Qiuyue, Sok, Ratnak, Kusaka, Jin
Technical Paper
Quantifying Environmental and Health Impacts of Conventional Diesel and Methane Diesel RCCI Engine Emissions: A Numerical Analysis2024-01-430711/05/2024
A reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine offers ultralow soot and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission in addition to higher thermal efficiency than diesel or compression ignition (CI) engines. However, the higher emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from RCCI engines pose a significant challenge that hinders their adoption in the future automotive sector. Additionally, HC includes several hydrocarbons that harm human health and the environment. This study aims to minimize HC and CO formation and emissions by implementing different injection strategies, including adjustments to spray angle configuration, injection timing, and fuel premixing ratio. Additionally, the study examines how different injection strategies affect the spatial and temporal distribution of HC and CO inside the combustion chamber. To achieve this objective, a numerical investigation is conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in RCCI mode, utilizing a
Yadav, Neeraj Kumar, Chandel, Amit Singh, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar, Padhee, Srikant Sekhar
Technical Paper
Effect of Fuel Chemical Structure on Soot Formation in Sustainable Aviation Fuels2024-01-431011/05/2024
Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) offer great promises towards decarbonizing the aviation sector. Due to the high safety standards and global scale of the aviation industry, SAFs pose challenges to aircraft engines and combustion processes, which must be thoroughly understood. Soot emissions from aircrafts play a crucial role, acting as ice nuclei and contributing to the formation of contrail cirrus clouds, which, in turn, may account for a substantial portion of the net radiative climate forcing. This study focuses on utilizing detailed kinetic simulations and soot modeling to investigate soot particle generation in aero-engines operating on SAFs. Differences in soot yield were investigated for different fuel components, including n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. A 0-D simulation framework was developed and utilized in conjunction with advanced soot models to predict and assess soot processes under conditions relevant to aero-engine combustion. The simulations
Yi, Junghwa, Manin, Julien, Wan, Kevin, Lopez Pintor, Dario, Nguyen, Tuan, Dempsey, Adam
Technical Paper
A Step towards Pragmatic Carbon Emission Reduction in Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles through Differentiated Diesel and Green Combo Lubricants2024-01-430311/05/2024
With all the environmental concern of diesel fuelled vehicle, it is a challenge to phase out them completely specifically from Heavy duty application. Most pragmatic solution lies in solutions which improves the fuel economy and reduce the carbon emission of existing diesel fuelled vehicle fleet and retain the economic feasibility offered by present diesel fuelled vehicle fleets. With implementation of Bharat Stage IV (BS VI) emission norms across country from April 2020, supply of BS VI complaint diesel fuel started and BS VI complaint vehicles with upgraded engine technologies and after treatment devices started to come which made present vehicle fleets heterogeneous with substantive number of BS IV vehicle. Beside improvement of engine technologies, existing BS IV vehicle fleet performance can be enhanced through improved fuel and lubricants solutions. The present research work is a step towards improving the fuel economy of existing BS IV diesel vehicles through the intervention of
Mishra, Sumit Kumar, Singh, Punit Kumar, Chakradhar, Maya, Seth, Sarita, Singh, Sauhard, Arora, Ajay, Harinarain, Ajay Kumar, Maheshwari, Mukul
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation on Combustion Strategy of Light Duty GCI Fueled High Reactivity Gasoline Fuel2024-01-428211/05/2024
Diesel engines are largely used as power units with high fuel efficiency. Conversely, they have an adverse impact on the environment and human health as they emit high NOx and particulate matter emissions. As more stringent regulations for emissions are introduced, low temperature combustion strategy such as Gasoline Compression Ignition evolved and demonstrated the potential to reduce the particulate matter and NOx emissions by operating engines under a Partially Premixed Combustion mode. Therefore, a 0.55 mm single cylinder engine (Gasoline Direct Injection), was tested over range of engine loads with constant speed (1500 rpm) using RON80 without oxygenates. Different operating parameters such as injection, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) etc. were used to control combustion phasing and mixture stratifications. At low loads, rebreathing of hot exhaust gas produced low levels of NOx and smoke emissions. It reduced NOx by 60% and smoke levels below 0.20 FSN when it is coupled with low
Qahtani, Yasser Al, Sellnau, Mark, Yu, Xin
Technical Paper
Effects of Fuel Distillation Characteristics on the Performance of Catalyst-Heating Operation in a Medium-Duty Off-Road Diesel Engine2024-01-427811/05/2024
Catalyst heating operation in compression-ignition engines is critical to ensure rapid light-off of exhaust catalysts during cold-start. This is typically achieved by using late post injections for increased exhaust enthalpy, which retardability is constrained by acceptable CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions, since they are directly emitted through the tailpipe due to the inactivity of the oxidation catalyst at these conditions. Post-injection retardability has shown to be affected by the cetane number of the fuel, but it is unclear how other fuel properties affect the ability to retard the combustion. This study aims to understand the impact of the distillation characteristics of the fuel on the performance of catalyst heating operation and on post-injection retardability. In this study, experiments are performed in a single-cylinder medium-duty diesel engine fueled with three full boiling-range diesel fuels with different distillation curves using a five-injection strategy (two
Lee, Sanguk, Lopez Pintor, Dario, Cho, Seokwon, Busch, Stephen
Technical Paper
Effects of Fuels Properties on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Light Duty GCI Engine2024-01-427911/05/2024
Our research group developed Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) fuel matrix based on the fuel properties, specifications and fuel sources in an effort to standardize the GCI fuel. This study attempts to experimentally validate the standardized GCI fuels to comply with the operational regimes of GCI engine. Two of the formulated GCI fuels (GCI7 and GCI8) with varying physical and chemical properties, and composition were investigated in a single cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. In addition to fuel effects, the engine variables were parametrically varied at low (3 bar IMEP) and medium (7 bar IMEP) load conditions. At low loads, the fuel chemical effects played a crucial role in governing the combustion while physical effect had a negligible impact. Due to lower cetane number of GCI8 fuel, combustion is predominantly premixed for GCI8 fuel but GCI7 fuel shows a more pronounced diffusion combustion phase. The low temperature heat release (LTHR) is evident only for GCI8 fuel due
Qahtani, Yasser Al, Raman, Vallinayagam, Viollet, Yoann, Alhajhouje, Abdullah, Cenker, Emre, AlRamadan, Abdullah
Technical Paper
Ionization Based Sensor for Early Detection of Thermal Runaway Events in Lithium-Ion Batteries2024-01-432611/05/2024
Lithium-ion and lithium-metal battery cells are susceptible to a phenomenon known as thermal runaway under failure conditions. Given their widespread use in applications such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage systems, early detection of thermal runaway is crucial for ensuring the safety of these battery systems. Thermal runaway entails a rapid escalation in battery cell temperature accompanied by the emission of flammable lithium ions, particulates, electrons, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen gases. These gases pose a significant ignition risk, potentially leading to fires and endangering occupants and bystanders. Therefore, the timely detection of thermal runaway is paramount for ensuring safety in proximity to such battery systems. Traditionally, thermal runaway sensors comprise intricate assemblies of pressure, temperature, and gas sensors, strategically positioned at the pressure relief valve of battery modules. Calibration of all sensors is essential to
Mansour, Youssef
Technical Paper
Understanding Energy Footprints of the Existing School Bus Fleets - A Case Study2024-01-433511/05/2024
Vehicle electrification has gained prominence in various industries and offers sustainability opportunities, especially in the context of heavy-duty vehicles such as school buses. Despite the prevalence of conventional diesel school buses (CDSB), the adoption of electric school bus (ESB) and other eco-friendly alternatives is increasing. In the United States alone, there has been a notable increase in the adoption of ESBs, indicating substantial growth. The electrification of school buses not only promises energy savings, but also offers health benefits to children, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and environmentally friendly transportation practices, aligned with broader eco-friendly initiatives. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings and reduction in environmental footprint through electrification of school buses in the Columbus, OH area. Analyzing current bus routes and road terrain data allows one to estimate energy demand and environmental impact, accounting
Moon, Joon, Hanif, Athar, Ahmed, Qadeer
Technical Paper
Emissions Analysis for a Hydrogen-Fueled Low-Pressure-Ratio Split-Cycle Engine2024-01-431211/05/2024
Recuperated low-pressure-ratio split-cycle engines represent a promising engine configuration for applications like transportation and stand-alone power generation by offering a potential efficiency as high as 60%. However, it can be challenging to achieve the stringent NOx emission standard, such as Euro 6 limit of 0.4 gNOx/kWh, due to the exhaust cylinder high intake temperature. This paper presents experimental investigation of hydrogen-air combustion NOx emissions for such engines for the first time. Experiments are carried out using a simplified constant-volume combustion chamber with glow-plug ignition. Two fuel injection techniques are performed: direct injection and injection via a novel convergent-divergent injector. For the direct injection scenario, NOx levels are unsatisfactory with respect to the Euro 6 standards over a range of operating temperatures from 200 °C to 550 °C. Recorded NOx levels can reach twice the permissible limit which necessitates the implementation of
Eldakamawy, Mohamed Hossam, Picard, Mathieu
Technical Paper
Prediction of WLTC Mode Drive Fuel Consumption for Vehicles Running on Blended Gasoline2024-01-429111/05/2024
It is becoming increasingly clear that research into alternative fuels, including drop-in fuels, is essential for the continued survival of the internal combustion engine. In this study, the authors have evaluated olefinic and oxygenated fuels as drop-in fuels using a single-cylinder engine and considering fuel characteristic parameters. The authors have assessed thermal efficiency by adding the EGR amount from 0 to the maximum value that allows stable combustion at the theoretical air-fuel ratio. Next, we attempted to predict fuel efficiency for three types of passenger cars (Japanese small K-car N/A, K-car T/C, and Series-HV) by changing the fuels. We created a model in OpenModelica to estimate fuel efficiency during WLTC driving. The results indicated that fuel economy could potentially be improved by adding an olefin fuel that burns stably even with a large amount of EGR and an oxygen fuel whose octane number increases. It was observed that the fuel economy improvement rate was
Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Kawakami, Sota, Wang, Zhiyuan
Technical Paper
Emission Characteristics of TCR Diesel Fuels in Comparison to Diesel Fuels Derived from other Sources2024-01-428911/05/2024
In this work we demonstrate the influence of different refined TCR refining diesel fuels on emission, power and efficiency in comparison to reference Diesel fuel (homologation fuel for Euro 6 emission testing), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and a blend of poly(oxymethylene)dimethyl ether (OME3) with reference Diesel. The emission characteristics of such TCR fuels used in a production type Diesel engine with modern common rail system has up to now not been tested. The comparison was performed at an engine test bench equipped with a Hatz 4H50 TIC direct injection common rail Diesel engine. For different engine operation points exhaust gas emissions and particulate matters were measured and the results analyzed
Seeger, Jan, Taschek, Marco
Technical Paper
Investigation of Combustion Stability in an RCCI Engine Using Recurrence Analysis of Cylinder Pressure Data2024-01-428711/05/2024
The Reactivity Control Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine, with its dual fuel system and coordinated injection strategy, offers superior emission control and fuel efficiency compared to conventional diesel engines. However, cyclic variations leading to engine combustion instability poses a significant challenge to their development and commercialization. In this study, statistical (COV and Histogram) and nonlinear dynamic (Recurrence Plot and its Quantification) analysis techniques are applied on the time-series data obtained from a single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in CNG-Diesel RCCI mode. The engine, while advancing the main injection timing (SOI-2), is tested under various operating conditions, including different engine loads, direct injection mass ratios (DIMR) and port fuel injection (PFI) masses, to help identify the configurations with better temporal correlations and deterministic traits. Such configurations hold potential for control strategy implementation
Prashar, Rajat, Kumar, Kamal S., Yadav, Ratnesh Kumar, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar
Technical Paper
The Effect on Soot Handling and Friction of Selected Dispersant Additives for Next Generation Transportation Sector Oils2024-01-430111/05/2024
Next generation lubricating oils for transportation sector require higher durability in operation, compatibility with new engine technologies and aftertreatment devices as well as high fuel economy (FE), thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, both in passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles. The current paper aims to highlight the impact of dispersant main properties in preventing sludge and deposits formation on engine surfaces. The effect on frictional properties of lubricating oils through a multi-step activity was evaluated. Oil contamination by soot is a big concern not only for diesel but also for new generation of direct injection gasoline (GDI) engines. The presence of soot leads to oil thickening that heavily impacts on friction coefficient thus enhancing the role of dispersant in controlling soot and related viscosity increase and, indirectly, fuel consumption for long running periods. After an introduction on dispersant technologies, the focus of the paper moves
Lattuada, Marco, Manni, Massimo, Notari, Marcello, Ferraro, Giovanni, Fratini, Emiliano
Technical Paper
Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter Performance from Fresh to Full Useful Life2024-01-431111/05/2024
The gasoline particulate filter (GPF) represents a durable solution for particulate emissions control in light-duty gasoline-fueled vehicles. It is also seen as a viable technology in North America to meet the upcoming US EPA tailpipe emission regulation, the proposed “Multipollutant Rule for Model Year 2027”. The goal of this study was to track the evolution of tailpipe particulate emissions of a modern GTDI light duty vehicle under typical North American mileage accumulation; from a fresh state to 4000-mile, and finally to its full useful life of 150,000-miles. For this purpose, a production TWC + GPF after-treatment system was installed in place of the T3B85 TWC-only system. Chassis dyno emissions testing was performed at the pre-determined mileage points with on-road driving conducted for the necessary mileage accumulation. This report will show the outstanding filtration durability and enhanced particulate control and of the current GPF technology all the way to 150,000 miles for
Craig, Angus, Warkins, Jason, Beattie, James, Nipunage, Sanket, Moser, David, Day, Ryan, Banker, Vonda
Technical Paper
Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques for Particulate Emissions Estimation from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine Fuelled by Different Gasoline Blends2024-01-430611/05/2024
Light-duty vehicle emissions regulations worldwide impose stringent limits on particulate matter (PM) emissions, necessitating accurate modelling and prediction of particulate emissions across a range of sizes (as low as 10 nm). It has been shown that the decision tree-based ensemble machine learning technique known as Random Forest can accurately predict particle size, concentration, and accumulation mode geometric standard deviation (GSD) for particulate emission diameters as low as 23 nm from a highly boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine operating on a single fuel, while also offering insights into the underlying factors of emissions production because of the interpretable nature of decision trees. This work builds on the prior Random Forest research as its basis and further investigates the relative performance of five decision tree-based machine learning techniques in predicting these particulate emission parameters and extends the work to 10 nm particles. In addition to
Stangierska, Marta, Bajwa, Abdullah, Lewis, Andrew, Akehurst, Sam, Turner, James, Leach, Felix
Technical Paper
Effect of Premixing Ratio on the Deterministic Characteristics of Combustion Dynamics Butanol-Diesel RCCI Engine2024-01-429211/05/2024
The rising demand for vehicles has increased CO and HC emissions, worsening air quality and contributing to climate change, key issues under the clean development mechanism and UN SDG 13: Climate Action. Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) offers a promising solution to reduce PM and NOx while maintaining fuel efficiency. However, the cyclic variation of the RCCI engine remains an underexplored area in control strategies, necessitating further research for optimization in line with sustainable development goals. This study explores the impact of premixing ratios on RCCI engines fueled with butanol and the nature of cyclic variation to know the controllability. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at 1500 rpm and constant engine load. The experiments reveal that increasing the premixing ratio from 45% to 60% decreases the heat release rate by 15%, Pmax by 10%, and IMEP by 12%. Recurrence Quantitative Analysis (RQA) confirmed strong deterministic
Yadav, Ratnesh Kumar, Mohite, Avadhoot Abaso, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar
Technical Paper
Process Purifies Hydrogen Fuel Over a Broad Temperature RangeTBMG-5193611/01/2024
Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising clean energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cells offer high energy conversion efficiency and zero emissions. But the development of hydrogen fuel cells faces many challenges, including the issue of carbon-monoxide (CO) poisoning of the fuel cell electrodes
Magazine Article
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Wireless EV Charging with SAE J29541348410/30/2024
How close is the EV industry to commercializing wireless charging? The answer lies in the SAE J2954 standard which establishes an industry-wide specification that defines the acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. For the latest insight, we sat down with Jesse Schneider, CEO/CTO, ZEV Station, and Chair, SAE Wireless Charging Taskforce for SAE J2954, and Ky Sealy, Engineering Fellow, WiTricity, and Subteam Lead of Wireless Charging Alignment for SAE J2954, to discuss the recent developments and the next generation of wireless power transfer. For more on the evolution of wireless charging adoption from ZEV Station and WiTricity, check out Episode 166 and Episode 114 in our back catalog. And if developing industry standards interests you, consider joining an SAE Committee. For more information, please email Standards Specialist, Dante
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
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