ABSTRACT State-of-the-art Diesel engines used for on-highway operation are integrated systems containing multiple subsystems for performance and emissions enhancements. The drive to lower tailpipe emissions on on-highway engines drives system complexity which is both undesired and unnecessary for military ground vehicles. There are, however, on-highway technologies such as high pressure fuel injection systems and advanced turbocharger systems that allow improving the engines’ efficiency and therefore lowering its fuel consumption. The aforementioned technologies are currently available and present possible near term opportunities for military ground vehicles. The adaptation to allow reliable operation in military vehicles will be discussed as part of this near term view. The authors will also discuss the electronic controls architecture requirements that come along with these sophisticated technologies and discuss the advantages and opportunities that present themselves using advanced

Tatur, Marek, Tomazic, Dean, Koehler, Erik

BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS OF A COMMERCIALLY BASED DIESEL ENGINE MODIFIED FOR OPERATION ON JP 8 FUEL

2024-01-3185

To be published on 11/15/2024

ABSTRACT The majority of commercial off the shelf (COTS) diesel engines rely on EGR to meet increasingly stringent emissions standards, but these EGR systems would be susceptible to corrosion and damage if JP-8 were used as a fuel due to its high sulfur content. Starting with a Cummins 2007 ISL 8.9L production engine, this program demonstrates the modifications necessary to remove EGR and operate on JP-8 fuel with a goal of demonstrating 48% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at an emissions level consistent with 1998 EPA standards. The effects of injector cup flow, improved turbo match, increased compression ratio with revised piston bowl geometry, increased cylinder pressure, revised intake manifold for improved breathing, and piston, ring and liner designs to reduce friction are all investigated. Testing focused on a single operating point, full load at 1600 RPM. This engine uses a variable geometry turbo and high pressure common rail fuel system, allowing control over air fuel ratio

Lutz, Tim, Modiyani, Rajani

Emissions analysis for a hydrogen-fueled low-pressure-ratio split-cycle engine

2024-01-4312To be published on 11/05/2024

Recuperated low-pressure-ratio split-cycle engines represent a promising engine configuration for applications like transportation and stand-alone power generation by offering a potential efficiency as high as 60%. However, it can be challenging to achieve the stringent NOx emission standard, such as Euro 6 limit of 0.4 gNOx/kWh, due to the exhaust cylinder high intake temperature. This paper presents experimental investigation of hydrogen-air combustion NOx emissions for such engines for the first time. Experiments are carried out using a simplified constant-volume combustion chamber with glow-plug ignition. Two fuel injection techniques are performed: direct injection and injection via a novel convergent-divergent injector. For the direct injection scenario, NOx levels are unsatisfactory with respect to the Euro 6 standards over a range of operating temperatures from 200 °C to 550 °C. Recorded NOx levels can reach twice the permissible limit which necessitates the implementation of

Eldakamawy, Mohamed Hossam, Picard, Mathieu

Quantifying Environmental and Health Impacts of Conventional Diesel and Methane Diesel RCCI Engine Emissions: A Numerical Analysis

2024-01-4307To be published on 11/05/2024

A reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine offers ultralow soot and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission in addition to higher thermal efficiency than diesel or compression ignition (CI) engines. However, the higher emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from RCCI engines pose a significant challenge that hinders their adoption in the future automotive sector. Additionally, HC includes several hydrocarbons that harm human health and the environment. This study aims to minimize HC and CO formation and emissions by implementing different injection strategies, including adjustments to spray angle configuration, injection timing, and fuel premixing ratio. Additionally, the study examines how different injection strategies affect the spatial and temporal distribution of HC and CO inside the combustion chamber. To achieve this objective, a numerical investigation is conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in RCCI mode, utilizing a

Yadav, Neeraj Kumar, Chandel, Amit Singh, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar, Padhee, Srikant Sekhar

Energy Efficiency Evaluation of a Hybrid Electric Tractor-Semi-Trailer Prototype

2024-01-4319To be published on 11/05/2024

The objective of the project was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a hybrid electric tractor-semi-trailer combination prototype. The prototype was developed for log hauling application by integrating an existing tractor with an electric semi-trailer to improve fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the conventional axles of the quad axle semi-trailer was replaced with a drive axle powered by an electric motor. Tests were conducted on a 105 km test route with a maximum difference in elevation of 355 m, including a hilly section with a length of 89 km. The results indicated fuel savings ranging from 10.5% to 14% per test run, with an average fuel savings of 12% when the electric drive axle was engaged. The hybrid electric tractor semi-trailer consumed 17.5% less fuel up-hill and 9.4% less down-hill. Throughout each test run, the battery’s state of charge fluctuated, averaging between 88% at the start and 52% at the end. Prior to each run, the batteries were

Surcel, Marius-Dorin, Mercier, Steve, Bonsi, Adime Kofi

Efficiency Improvement in a 48-Volt Mild Hybrid Vehicle Using Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery

2024-01-4317To be published on 11/05/2024

The automotive industry faces significant obstacles in its efforts to improve fuel economy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Current conventional automotive powertrain systems are approaching their technical limits and will not be able to meet future carbon dioxide emission targets as defined by the tank-to-wheel benchmark test. As automakers transition to low-carbon transportation solutions through electrification, there are significant challenges in managing energy and improving overall vehicle efficiency, particularly in real-world driving scenarios. While electrification offers a promising path to low-carbon transportation, it also presents significant challenges in terms of energy management and vehicle efficiency, particularly in real-world scenarios. Battery electric vehicles have a favorable tank-to-wheel balance but are constrained by limited range due to the low battery energy density inherent in their technology. This limitation has led to the development of hybrid

Kraljevic, Ivica, Spicher, Ulrich

The effect Mechanism of Grain Size with Nanoscale and Microscale on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cu/SSZ-13 SCR catalyst

2024-01-4305To be published on 11/05/2024

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is currently one of the most effective methods to reduce NOx emissions for engine. In order to cope with the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, hydrogen engines have been widely studied in recent years. However, high NOx emissions under some working conditions still need to be further solved. NH3-SCR technology is considered to be the most promising hydrogen engine after-treatment device. This paper used Cu-SSZ-13, which is widely commercially available, as the research object, and explored the relationship between micron and nanoscale grain sizes through experimental methods such as BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, UV-vis-DRS and activity testing, the influence mechanism of micron-scale and nano-scale grain size on the morphology and properties of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst was explored. The results show that the fresh nanoscale 900F sample has higher low-temperature NOx conversion efficiency, while the micron-scale 1800F sample has poor low

Chen, Yajuan, Lou, Diming, Zhang, Yunhua, Tan, Piqiang, Fang, Liang, Hu, Zhiyuan

Investigation of Combustion Stability in an RCCI Engine Using Recurrence Analysis of Cylinder Pressure Data

2024-01-4287To be published on 11/05/2024

The Reactivity Control Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine, with its dual fuel system and coordinated injection strategy, offers superior emission control and fuel efficiency compared to conventional diesel engines. However, cyclic variations leading to engine combustion instability poses a significant challenge to their development and commercialization. In this study, statistical (COV and Histogram) and nonlinear dynamic (Recurrence Plot and its Quantification) analysis techniques are applied on the time-series data obtained from a single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in CNG-Diesel RCCI mode. The engine, while advancing the main injection timing (SOI-2), is tested under various operating conditions, including different engine loads, direct injection mass ratios (DIMR) and port fuel injection (PFI) masses, to help identify the configurations with better temporal correlations and deterministic traits. Such configurations hold potential for control strategy implementation

Prashar, Rajat, Kumar, Kamal S., Yadav, Ratnesh Kumar, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar

Emission characteristics of different TCR Diesel fuels in comparison to diesel fuel derived from other sources

2024-01-4289To be published on 11/05/2024

As part of the European Green Deal, the EU has set itself the binding target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 with the European Climate Act. At the same time, the EU is currently being confronted with an unprecedented energy crisis coupled with an increasing economic pressure, caused by military conflicts and geopolitical tensions resulting in increased fossil fuel prices. However due to high energy density liquid hydro-carbons are still critical needed fuels for transportation. On the other hand Biomass wastes, like sewage sludge and paper sludge, are currently a significant challenge to environmental protection. As a result due to nitrate pollution in soil, e.g. sewage sludge is no longer permissible to distribute on agricultural fields in a growing number of areas such as parts of Italy and Germany. Therefore there is currently a growing move towards the use of sewage sludge or paper sludge in thermal conversion processes. The Fraunhofer-Institute for Environmental, Safety

Seeger, Jan, Taschek, Marco

The impact of dispersant additives in next generation lubricating oils for transportation sector

2024-01-4301To be published on 11/05/2024

Next generation lubricating oils for transportation sector require higher durability in operation, compatibility with new engine technologies, aftertreatment devices and fuel economy (FE) characteristics, thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, both in passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles. The current paper aims to highlight the impact of dispersant technologies for their main properties, that are preventing sludge and deposits formation on engine surfaces, and in regard to the effect on frictional properties of lubricating oils, through a multi-step activity. Oil contamination by soot is a big concern not only for diesel but also for new generation of direct injection gasoline (GDI) engines. The presence of soot leads to oil thickening that heavily impacts on friction coefficient thus enhancing the role of dispersant in controlling soot and related viscosity increase and, indirectly, fuel consumption for long running periods. After an introduction on dispersant

Lattuada, Marco, Manni, Massimo, Notari, Marcello, Ferraro, Giovanni, Fratini, Emiliano

Prediction of WLTC Mode Drive Fuel Consumption of Vehicles Using Blended Gasoline

2024-01-4291To be published on 11/05/2024

For the survival of internal combustion engines, the required research right now is for alternative fuels, including drop-ins. Certain types of alternative fuels have been estimated to confirm the superiority in thermal efficiency. In this study, using a single-cylinder engine, olefin and oxygenated fuels were evaluated as a drop-in fuel considering the fuel characteristic parameters. Furthermore, the effect of various additive fuels on combustion speed was expressed using universal characteristics parameters. In addition, the prediction of CO2 emission from passenger cars were carried out by changing the fuels. The CO2 emission in running WLTC was estimated using Modelica. As a result, it was found that the CO2 emission can be reduced by adding olefin and oxygenated fuels

Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Kawakami, Sota, Wang, Zhiyuan

Effect of Direct Injection Timing and Premixing Ratio on the Deterministic Characteristics of Combustion Dynamics Diesel-Butanol RCCI Engine

2024-01-4292To be published on 11/05/2024

The population growth has led to a significant rise in car demand, raising pollution levels. It compelled governments to enact more stringent pollution standards. Researchers are exploring alternative fuels and advanced low-temperature combustion modes to meet the emission standards. The reactivity-controlled compression ignition strategy is one of the potential combustion strategies to reduce the particulate matter and NOx simultaneously while maintaining higher fuel conversion efficiency. This study investigated the influence of Diesel injection timing and premixing ratio on the cyclic variation of RCCI engines fueled with gasoline and butanol as low reactivity fuel. The experiments were carried out on the single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in RCCI mode. All the experiments were carried out at constant load and engine speed. A developmental ECU was used to regulate fuel mass and injection time. The recurrence plot and recurrence quantitative analysis were used to

Yadav, Ratnesh Kumar, Mohite, Avadhoot Abaso, Maurya, Rakesh Kumar

Gasoline Particulate Filter Performance from Fresh to Full Useful Life

2024-01-4311To be published on 11/05/2024

The gasoline particulate filter (GPF), represents a durable solution for particulate emissions control in light-duty gasoline-fueled vehicles. It is also seen as a viable technology in North America to meet the upcoming US EPA tailpipe emission regulation, the proposed “Multipollutant Rule for Model Year 2027”. The goal of this study was to track the evolution of tailpipe particulate emissions of a modern GTDI light duty vehicle under typical North American mileage accumulation; from a fresh state to 4000-mile, and finally to its full useful life of 150,000-miles. For this purpose, a production TWC + GPF after-treatment system was installed in place of the T3B85 TWC-only system. Chassis dyno emissions testing was performed at the pre-determined mileage points with on-road driving conducted for the necessary mileage accumulation. This report will show the outstanding filtration durability and enhanced particulate control of the current GPF technology all the way to 150,000miles for the

Craig, Angus, Warkins, Jason, Beattie, James, Nipunage, Sanket, Moser, David, Day, Ryan, Banker, Vonda

Ensemble machine learning techniques for particulate emissions estimation from a highly boosted GDI engine fuelled by different gasoline blends

2024-01-4306To be published on 11/05/2024

Light-duty vehicle emissions regulations worldwide impose stringent limits on particulate matter (PM) emissions, necessitating accurate modelling and prediction of particulate emissions across a range of sizes (as low as 10 nm). It has been shown that the decision tree-based ensemble machine learning technique known as Random Forest can accurately predict particle size, concentration, and accumulation mode geometric standard deviation (GSD) for 23 nm and greater diameter particulate emissions from a highly boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine operating on a single fuel, while also offering insights into the underlying factors of emissions production because of the interpretable nature of decision trees. This work builds on this research as its basis and further investigates the relative performance of five decision tree-based machine learning techniques in predicting these particulate emission parameters and extends the work to 10 nm particles. In addition to Random Forest

Stangierska, Marta, Bajwa, Abdullah, Lewis, Andrew, Akehurst, Sam, Turner, James, Leach, Felix

Study on the Test Procedure of Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions for Vehicles with Adaptive Cruise Control System

2024-01-4308To be published on 11/05/2024

Nowadays, a lot of vehicles install the autonomous technologies. However, we cannot evaluate the fuel economy and the emissions of these vehicles, which is working the autonomous technologies. The reason is that it is difficult to estimate it of these vehicles by using the chassis dynamometer. Therefore, we studied the new test procedure of the fuel economy and the emissions for these vehicles, which is working the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) function. To be specific, we use two vehicles and execute the real driving test. The leading vehicle operates by the driving robot. This vehicle drives the WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Transient Cycle) and RDE (Real Driving Emission) mode with accuracy. And the following vehicle drives by operating the ACC function, which is the Level 2 of the autonomous technologies. In this report, firstly, we produced the driving robot for the RDE test. Next, by using this driving robot, we verified the fuel economy and the emissions of the test vehicle, which

Okui, Nobunori

Experimental and numerical investigations on the effect of urea pulse injection strategies to reduce NOx emission in Urea-SCR catalysts

2024-01-4304To be published on 11/05/2024

A major challenge for auto industries is reducing NOx and other exhaust gas emissions to meet stringent Euro 7 emission regulations. A urea Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) after-treatment system (ATS) commonly uses upstream urea water injection to reduce NOx from the engine exhaust gas. The NOx emission conversion rate in ATSs is high for high exhaust gas temperatures but substantially low for temperatures below 200℃. This study aims to improve the NOx conversion rate using urea pulse injection in a mass-production 2.2 L diesel engine equipped with an SCR ATS operated under low exhaust gas temperature. The engine experimental results show that, under 200℃ exhaust temperature and 3.73x104 h-1 gross hourly space velocity (SV), the NOx conversion rate can be improved by 5% using 5-sec ON and 12-sec OFF (denoted as 5/12 s) urea pulse supply compared to the constant supply under time-averaged 1.0 urea equivalence ratio. It is experimentally observed that the urea pulse supply’s efficacy

Yoshida, Fuka, Takahashi, Hideaki, Kotani, Yuya, Zu, Qiuyue, Sok, Ratnak, Kusaka, Jin

Ionization Based Sensor for Early Detection of Thermal Runaway Events in Lithium-Ion Batteries

2024-01-4326To be published on 11/05/2024

Lithium-ion and lithium-metal battery cells are susceptible to a phenomenon known as thermal runaway under failure conditions. Thermal runaway entails a rapid escalation in battery cell temperature accompanied by the emission of flammable lithium ions, particulates, electrons, hydrocarbon, and hydrogen gases. These gases pose a significant ignition risk, potentially leading to fires and endangering occupants and bystanders. Therefore, the timely detection of thermal runaway is paramount for ensuring safety in proximity to such battery systems. Traditionally, thermal runaway sensors comprise intricate assemblies of pressure, temperature, and gas sensors, strategically positioned at the pressure relief valve of battery modules. Calibration of all sensors is essential to reliably detect thermal runaway conditions. An alternative method for thermal runaway detection involves the identification of ions and free electrons present in the gases emitted by the battery, utilizing Thermal and

Mansour, Youssef

Investigation of the effects of Injection strategy on the combustion performance and emissions of Light Duty GCI engine

2024-01-4279To be published on 11/05/2024

High-efficiency lean-burn compression ignition using high-reactivity fuels, known as Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI), demonstrates potential in reducing particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by controlling the charge ignition through both local strength and auto-ignition chemistry. This study explores the combustion strategy for GCI fuel with a Research Octane Number (RON) of 61 under a wide range of operating conditions using a Single Cylinder Research Engine (SCRE) calibrated to Euro 5 emission standards. The SCRE, with a compression ratio (CR) of 16.50, is designed for high-reactivity fuels and features a centrally located multi-hole injector and a piston bowl shape tailored to injection and spray characteristics. At steady state and part load (IMEP = 7 bar), the study investigates the impact of fuel injection strategy and the required amount of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Findings indicate that a single injection strategy with a considerable amount of

Qahtani, Yasser Al, Raman, Vallinayagam, Viollet, Yoann, Alhajhouje, Abdullah, Cenker, Emre, AlRamadan, Abdullah

Effect of Fuel Chemical Structure on Soot Formation in Sustainable Aviation Fuels

2024-01-4310To be published on 11/05/2024

Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) offer great promises towards decarbonizing the aviation sector. Due to the high safety standards and global scale of the aviation industry, SAFs pose challenges to aircraft engines and combustion processes, which must be thoroughly understood. Soot emissions from aircrafts play a crucial role, acting as ice nuclei and contributing to the formation of contrail cirrus clouds, which, in turn, may account for a substantial portion of the net radiative climate forcing. This study focuses on utilizing detailed kinetic simulations and soot modeling to investigate soot particle generation in aero-engines operating on SAFs. Differences in soot yield were investigated for different fuel components, including n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. A 0-D simulation framework was developed and utilized in conjunction with advanced soot models to predict and assess soot processes under conditions relevant to aero-engine combustion. The simulations

Yi, Junghwa, Manin, Julien, Wan, Kevin, Lopez Pintor, Dario, Nguyen, Tuan, Dempsey, Adam

Effects of Fuel Distillation Characteristics on the Performance of Catalyst-Heating Operation in a Medium-Duty Off-Road Diesel Engine

2024-01-4278To be published on 11/05/2024

Catalyst heating operation in compression-ignition engines is critical to ensure rapid light-off of exhaust catalysts during cold-start. This is typically achieved by using late post injections for increased exhaust enthalpy, which retardability is constrained by acceptable CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions, since they are directly emitted through the tailpipe due to the inactivity of the oxidation catalyst at these conditions. Post-injection retardability has shown to be affected by the cetane number of the fuel [SAE 2022-01-0483], but it is unclear how other fuel properties may affect the ability to retard the combustion. This study aims to understand the impact of the distillation characteristics of the fuel on the performance of catalyst heating operation and on post-injection retardability. In this study, experiments are performed in a medium-duty diesel engine fueled with three full boiling-range diesel fuels with different distillation curves using a five-injection strategy

Lee, Sanguk, Lopez Pintor, Dario, Cho, Seokwon, Busch, Stephen

Understanding Energy Footprints of the Existing School Bus Fleets - A Case Study

2024-01-4335To be published on 11/05/2024

Vehicle electrification has emerged as a pivotal area of research across diverse industries. When applied to heavy-duty vehicles (i.e., school buses), it presents a unique opportunity for the automotive sector to lead sustainability efforts. Beyond energy savings, the electrification of school buses offers advantages such as improved children's health, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced green vehicle routing, inspiring broader adoption of eco-friendly practices. This study primarily aims to analyze the energy-saving effects and economic viability resulting from the electrification of existing school bus routes. Specifically, the research examines the drive cycles of operational bus routes and evaluates the energy demand and cost implications associated with transitioning from conventional buses (diesel buses) to electric buses or other alternative powertrains for fleet operations. Furthermore, we extend the scope of investigation by exploring optimal fleet composition

Moon, Joon, Hanif, Athar, Ahmed, Qadeer

A step towards pragmatic carbon emission reduction in Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles through Differentiated Diesel and Green Combo Lubricants

2024-01-4303To be published on 11/05/2024

With all the environmental concern of diesel fuelled vehicle, it is a formidable challenge to phase out them completely specifically from Heavy duty application. Most pragmatic solution lies in solutions which improves the fuel economy and reduce the carbon emission of existing diesel fuelled vehicle fleet and have economical & feasible for vast geographical extent of country. With implementation of BS VI emission norms across country from April 2020, supply of BS VI complied diesel fuel started and BS VI complied vehicles with upgraded engine technologies and after treatment devices have started to come which make present vehicle fleets heterogeneous with substantive number of BS IV vehicle. Beside improvement of engine technologies, existing BS IV vehicle fleet performance can be enhanced through improved fuel and lubricants solutions. This research work is a step towards improving the fuel economy of existing BS IV diesel vehicles through the intervention of differentiated diesel

Mishra, Sumit Kumar, Singh, Punit Kumar, Chakradhar, Maya, Seth, Sarita, Singh, Sauhard, Arora, Ajay, Harinarain, Ajay Kumar, Maheshwari, Mukul

Experimental Investigation on Combustion Strategy of Light Duty GCI Fuelled With High Reactivity Gasoline Fuel

2024-01-4282To be published on 11/05/2024

Diesel engines are largely used as power units with high fuel efficiency. Conversely, they have an adverse impact on the environment and human health as they emit high NOx and particulate Matter (PM) emissions. As more stringent regulations for emissions are introduced, low temperature combustion (LTC) strategy such as Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) demonstrated the potential to reduce the PM, NOx emissions by operating engines under a Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) mode. Therefore, A 0.550 mm single cylinder engine SCE, which is operated at Gasoline Direct Injection Ignition (GDCI), was tested over range of engine loads with constant speed (1500 rpm) using RON80 without oxygenate. Different operating parameters such as injection were used to control combustion phasing and mixture stratifications. At low loads, rebreathing (RB) of hot exhaust gas produced low levels of NOx and smoke emissions. It reduced NOx nearly 60% and smoke levels below 0.20 FSN when it is coupled with

Qahtani, Yasser Al, Sellnau, Mark, Yu, Xin

Operation of a Compression-Ignition Kerosene Aviation Engine with Sustainable Aviation Fuel: An Experimental Study

2024-01-6005

To be published on 10/28/2024

The aviation industry is undergoing environmental scrutiny due to its significant greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are a vital solution for reducing carbon emissions and pollutants, aligning with global efforts for carbon-neutral aviation growth. SAFs can be produced via multiple production routes from different feedstock, resulting in significantly different physical and chemical fuel properties. Their suitability in a compression-ignition (CI) aircraft engine was evaluated through test bench investigations at TU Wien - Institute of Powertrain and Automotive Technology in partnership with Austro Engine. ASTM D7566-certified fuels like Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), Fischer–Tropsch–Kerosene (FTK) or Alcohol to Jet (AtJ), but also an oxygen containing biodiesel have been tested extensively. Gaseous emissions, soot emissions, indication measurement data, efficiencies, and the like were acquired and comprehensively analyzed for engine operation with different

Kleissner, Florian, Hofmann, Peter

Integration of AI-Powered Vehicles with Smart City Infrastructure to Transform the Future of Automotive World

2024-28-0028

10/17/2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, revolutionizing processes and enhancing efficiency. In the automotive domain, AI's adaption has ushered in a new era of innovation and driving advancements across manufacturing, safety, and user experience. By leveraging AI technologies, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation that is reshaping the way vehicles are manufactured, operated, and experienced. The benefits of AI-powered vehicles are not limited to their manufacturing, operation, and enhancing the user experience but also by integrating AI-powered vehicles with smart city infrastructure can unlock much more potential of the technology and can offer numerous advantages such as enhanced safety, efficiency, growth, and sustainability. Smart cities aim to create more livable, resilient, and inclusive communities by harnessing innovation through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), devices, data

Shrimal, Harsh

Experimental Study on Quality Control and Variable Valve Timing Strategy of Hydrogen Engine for High Efficiency and Low Emission at Low Load

2024-01-5095

10/15/2024

In order to reduce the pumping loss of low loads and maximize the lean combustion advantage of hydrogen, the paper proposes a load control strategy based on hydrogen mass, called quality control, for improving thermal efficiency and emissions at low loads. The advantages of quality control and the effect of VVT on the combustion performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines under low loads were discussed. The results show that when the relative air–fuel ratio (λ) increases to more than 2.5, the NOx emissions are reduced to less than 3.5 g/kW · h at the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) below 8 bar, especially when the BMEP is less than 5 bar, the NOx is within 0.2 g/kW · h. Compared to quantity control based on air mass, the quality control strategy based on hydrogen mass achieves over a 2.0% reduction in pumping loss at BMEP levels lower than 4.4 bar. Furthermore, it enhances thermal efficiency by up to 5% at low loads, while maintaining NOx emissions within 0.2 g/kW · h at

Li, Yong, Chen, Hong, Fu, Zhen, Du, Jiakun, Wu, Weilong

Letter from the Focus Issue Editors

03-17-07-0049

10/12/2024

Letter from the Focus Issue Editors

Lakhlani, Hardik, Kumar, Vivek, Wenbin, Yu, Bagga, Kalyan, Gundlapally, Santhosh, Di Blasio, Gabriele, Splitter, Derek, Rajendran, Silambarasan

TOC

99-06-05-0TOC

10/10/2024

TOC

Tobolski, Sue

Fiber Optic Cleaning

AIR6031 (Current)

10/08/2024

This document is intended for connectors typically found on aerospace platforms and ground support equipment. The document provides the reasons for proper fiber optic cleaning, an in-depth discussion of available cleaning methods, materials, packaging, safety, and environmental concerns. Applicable personnel include: Managers Designers Engineers Technicians Trainers/Instructors Third Party Maintenance Agencies Quality Personnel Purchasing Shipping/Receiving Production

AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee

In-Service Fiber Optic Inspection, Evaluation and Cleaning, Best Practices, Physical Contact Termini

ARP6283 (Current)

10/07/2024

This document provides recommended best practice methods and processes for the in-service inspection, evaluation and cleaning of all physical contact (PC) fiber optic interconnect components (termini, alignment sleeves and connectors), test equipment and test leads for maintainers qualified to the approved aerospace fiber optic training courses developed in accordance with ARP5602 or ARINC807. This document also provides a decision-making disposition flowchart to determine whether the fiber optic components are acceptable for operation. For definitions of individual component parts refer to ARP5061

AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee

Numerical Investigations on Reducing Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Using Partial Reactivity Stratification with Alternative Fuels and Additive

03-18-01-0005

10/04/2024

A numerical investigation has been performed in the current work on reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI), a low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategy that is beneficial for achieving lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emission. A light-duty diesel engine was modified to run in RCCI mode. Experimental data were acquired using diesel as HRF (high-reactivity fuel) and gasoline as LRF (low reactivity fuel) to check the accuracy and fidelity of predicted results. Blends of ethanol and gasoline with DTBP (di-tert-butyl peroxide) addition in a small fraction on an energy basis were used in numerical simulations to promote ignitability and reactivity enhancement of PFI charge. Achieving stable, smooth, and gradual combustion in RCCI is challenging at low loads, especially in light-duty engines, due to misfiring and poor combustion stability. DTBP is known for enhancing cetane number and accelerating combustion, and it is mixed in a PFI blend to avoid combustion deterioration

Tripathi, Saurabh, Krishnasamy, Anand

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