Browse Topic: Pressure
Ammonia has emerged as a viable hydrogen energy carrier owing to its superior hydrogen density and mature industrial utilization. However, ammonia faces critical challenges including inadequate ignition characteristics and sluggish combustion kinetics, necessitating supplementary high-reactivity fuels for optimizing combustion. Onboard ammonia decomposition technology resolves this problem through on-demand hydrogen real-time production. Among existing ammonia decomposition methods, gliding arc plasma (GAP) demonstrates exceptional promise for onboard hydrogen production given its high processing flow rate，decent hydrogen conversion rate, and transient response capability. Prevailing research predominantly relies on experimental approaches, with insufficient understanding of the effects of specific electrical field parameters and inlet pressure on system performance. This study established a quasi-one-dimensional numerical model for GAP-assisted ammonia decomposition. A comprehensive
Ammonia is emerging as a promising energy vector for decarbonising the maritime sector. However, its low flame speed can lead to incomplete combustion, reduced engine efficiency, and increased emissions of unburned ammonia (NH3). Blending hydrogen with ammonia helps to address these issues, but the fundamental combustion characteristics of such mixtures remain insufficiently understood. This study examines the combustion dynamics of an NH3–H2 blend containing 30% hydrogen at 3 bar initial pressure. Experiments were performed in a 1.2 L optically accessible constant-volume combustion chamber fitted with a wall-mounted surface spark plug. High-speed shadowgraph imaging with 6,000 fps captured the flame evolution throughout the combustion process. The pressure and temperature values were monitored using piezoresistive pressure transducers and K-type thermocouples. Combustion times and flame extensions were extracted via post-processing of flame images using custom MATLAB algorithms. The
How engineers can ensure safety, reliability and quality in aerospace systems. Courbevoie, Île-de-France In an industry where failure is not an option and precision is paramount, aerospace manufacturers and suppliers are constantly seeking components and system solutions that deliver trusted reliability, performance, and compliance. Industry standards are a key part of achieving these high expectations, bringing together global leaders in the mobility industries to create defined, repeatable methods and consistent processes. One of these aerospace standards is AS1895 developed by SAE International - a critical standard due to the need for durable components that can withstand extreme conditions and offer high performance: high-temperature resistance, pressure sealing, and long service life with a cost-effective installation method. Leading aerospace companies such as Eaton and Honeywell have been manufacturing components that meet this standard for a long period of time.
Off-highway equipment operates in an environment defined by extremes - extreme loads, extreme duty cycles, extreme temperatures and extreme expectations. OEMs and fleet operators face mounting pressure to deliver more power, more uptime and more precision from platforms that are becoming increasingly compact, intelligent and complex. Whether the task is hauling, lifting, dumping, clearing or moving materials, the equipment must deliver consistent, reliable performance without compromise. This pressure is reshaping the mobile-hydraulic ecosystem. The industry is steadily shifting away from piecemeal systems and toward integrated, intelligent power architectures that maximize efficiency across the entire vehicle. Leaders in this space, Eaton among them, demonstrate how a system-level approach to PTOs, hydraulic pumps and control valves is enabling a new generation of off-highway innovation.
This report, in conjunction with other referenced SAE documents, provides recommendations for development of aircraft cabin pressure control systems and equipment, with particular emphasis on performance objectives, requirements definition, operational scenarios, design practices, safety processes, and verification methods. The objective of a Cabin Pressure Control System (CPCS) is to regulate aircraft cabin pressure throughout the operational flight envelope, in order to ensure occupant safety, aircraft safety, and passenger comfort. The system should comply with all relevant certification and safety requirements, particularly in the areas of: Maintaining a breathable environment within occupied compartments Protecting the fuselage structure against excessive positive and negative differential pressure loads Supporting cabin egress on ground The system should have the capability to schedule cabin pressure at rates of change that are comfortable to crew and passengers. Careful
Side crashes are generally hazardous because there is no room for large deformation to protect an occupant from the crash forces. A crucial point in side impacts is the rapid intrusion of the side structure into the passenger compartment which need sufficient space between occupants and door trim to enable a proper unfolding of the side airbag. This problem can be alleviated by using the rising air pressure inside the door as an additional input for crash sensing. With improvements in the crash sensor technology, pressure sensors that detect pressure changes in door cavities have been developed recently for vehicle crash safety applications. The crash pulses recorded by the acceleration based crash sensors usually exhibit high frequency and noisy responses. The data obtained from the pressure sensors exhibit lower frequency and less noisy responses. Due to its ability to discriminate crash severities and allow the restraint devices to deploy earlier, the pressure sensor technology has
The purpose of this research is to examine the fundamental principles of a circular economy (CE) in relation to the automotive industry in India, which plays a vital role in the country's economy. As a result, energy consumption and environmental impacts also pose significant challenges. CE provide a transformative approach through the life cycle of a vehicle, guiding the automotive industry toward a more sustainable transportation system. In order to decarbonize this industry, the global automotive commission recommends that recycled plastic content in vehicles be increased to 20-25% by 2030. This target necessitates the recovery of plastics from end-of-life vehicles, though these materials are rarely integrated into compounds today. The automotive industry's reliance on plastics has grown substantially due to their lightweight properties, which enhance fuel efficiency, reduce CO₂ emissions, and improve versatility and mechanical performance. polypropylene polymer and several other
When the flow of fluid within a high-pressure line is abruptly halted, pressure pulsations are generated. This phenomenon is known as the water hammer effect. This may lead to significant stress and, in the worst-case scenario, results in various types of failures within the highly pressurized system. Similar issues are observed in diesel high pressure fuel line where pressure is well above 1600 bar. Due to multiple injections on-off events, pressure pulsation gets created inside high pressure fuel lines (HPFL) which leads to problems such as high strain on high pressure fuel lines, mechanical damage, uneven fuel injected quantity, vibration beyond specification limits for rail pressure sensors or in worst case extreme noise. This is due to high pressure pulsation which occurs when fluid/fuel natural frequency resonates with structural HPFL natural frequency. In this work, A comparative FEA analysis is conducted to evaluate strain in two distinct high-pressure fuel lines, with pressure
The purpose of this document is to present test methods that can be utilized to evaluate the filtration and operating characteristics of filters that will be utilized in a cryogenic system. The methods presented herein are intended to supplement standard filter testing specifications to allow evaluation of filter performance characteristics in areas that could be affected by extreme low temperatures.
The effective measurement and verification of dimensional stability indicators for large size and highly stable structures in service environments is the key to the development of high-precision spacecraft technology. Spatial carrier speckle interferometry technology has been widely used for high-precision measurements in recent years due to its advantages of fast speed, high accuracy, and simple operation. However, the existing technical research only focuses on the measurement under normal temperature and pressure environments, and there is little research on the application under complex operating conditions in space. There is currently no relevant research on the impact of system ambient vibration and noise on measurement stability disturbances. In response to the above issues, a high-precision deformation measurement system suitable for complex environments of high and low temperatures in a vacuum was designed based on spatial carrier measurement technology. A system measurement
In this article we will discuss the development and implementation of a computer vision system to be used in decision-making and control of an electro-hydraulic mechanism in order to guarantee correct functioning and efficiency during the logistics project. To achieve this, we have brought together a team of engineering students with knowledge in the area of Artificial Intelligence, Front End and mechanical, electrical and hydraulic devices. The project consists of installing a system on a forklift that moves packaged household appliances that can identify and differentiate the different types of products moved in factories and distribution centers. Therefore, the objective will be to process this identification and control an electro-hydraulic pressure control valve (normally controlled in PWM) so that it releases only the hydraulic pressure configured for each type of packaging/product, and thus correctly squeezing (compressing) the specific volume, without damaging it due to
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a soft robotic skin that enables vine robots that are just a few millimeters wide to navigate convoluted paths and fragile environments. To accomplish this, the researchers integrated a very thin layer of actuators made of liquid crystal elastomer at strategic locations in the soft skin. The robot is steered by controlling the pressure inside its body and temperature of the actuators.
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