Browse Topic: Land pollution
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) includes a discussion of liquid and particulate contaminants which enter the aircraft through the environmental control system (ECS). Gaseous contaminants such as ozone, fuel vapors, sulphates, etc. are also covered in this AIR. This publication is concerned with contamination sources which interface with ECS and fuel tank inerting systems, and the effects of this contamination on equipment. Methods of control will be limited to the equipment and interfacing ducting which normally falls within the responsibility of the ECS designer
Diesel Ethanol (Diesohol) blends are one of the suitable alternative fuel to replace diesel for fueling the compression ignition engines. This experimental study is to utilize optimal fuel blend that contains a higher volume of ethanol in diesel with treated waste engine oil as co-solvent for preventing the phase separation. This study includes three stages: Treating the waste engine oil, preparation of diesel ethanol blends with treated waste engine oil as co-solvent, testing the blends for solubility, properties and performance in a compression ignition engines. Treatment of waste engine oil was conducted in five steps including the acid-clay treatment, in which acetic acid and fuller earth were used as treating materials. Solubility test was conducted for various proportions of diesel-ethanol blends (from 0% to 50% of ethanol by volume) and treated waste engine oil (from 5% to 25%). The stable blends were tested for essential properties as per the ASTM standards. Optimal blend (45
This publication will be limited to a discussion of liquid and particulate contaminants which enter the aircraft through the environmental control system (ECS). Gaseous contaminants such as ozone, fuel vapors, sulphates, etc., are not covered in this AIR. It will cover all contamination sources which interface with ECS, and the effects of this contamination on equipment. Methods of control will be limited to the equipment and interfacing ducting which normally falls within the responsibility of the ECS designer
This work applies to remediation and restoration of soil contaminated by fuel, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes, etc. While there can be a beneficial effect of microbial communities, individual plant-fungus combinations can vary in their efficacy in removing pollutants from the environment. Having a set of enzymes from fungi specifically adapted to conditions in contaminated soil is a huge advantage
This paper describes the suitability of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) material for canopy strip in a commercial vehicle. The material described in this paper is a PET compound recycled from used PET bottles and reinforced with glass fibers so as to meet the product's functional requirements. The application described in this paper is a Canopy strip which is a structural exterior plastic part. Canopy strip acts as a structural frame to hold the Vinyl canopy in both sides of the vehicle. Functionally, the part demands a material with adequate mechanical and thermal properties. Generally, PET bottles are thrown after use thereby creating land pollution. PET being inert takes an extremely long time to degrade thereby occupying huge amount of space in landfills and directly affecting rain water percolation. This work focused on recycling the PET bottles and compounding them suitably so as convert them into useful automotive parts. The parts made out of this sustainable solution
When not disposed properly, the frying oil from the household or restaurants may cause clogging of waste drainage pipes and sewage systems, water contamination and soil sealing. The production of biodiesel from frying oil and its utilization for energy generation is a potential alternative to disposal, adding value to this waste and using it as an energy source. This article presents a case study of a proposal to produce biodiesel from frying oil for fuel up vehicles used to the employees transport inside Fiat's plant in Betim, Brazil. Besides the technical and economic evaluation, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to examine the environmental viability of producing the biodiesel from cooking oil and its use for fuel up the minibuses replacing conventional diesel B5 for B50
The world today is facing severe oil crisis and environmental pollution, thus there is a great urgency of developing and applying bio based products as a substitute to mineral oil based products. Rapid industrialization and automation in the last decade has increased the demand of mineral oil based lubricant that will get exhausted in the years to come. Also in addition to the above fact, the biodegradability of mineral-oil based lubricants is around 25% maximum. About 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the Environment. Due to extensive use of mineral oil based lubricants, several environmental issues such as surface water and groundwater contamination, Air pollution, soil contamination, agricultural product and food contamination are emerging very rapidly. This has led the researchers to look for plant oil based bio- lubricant as an alternative to mineral oil based lubricant. Vegetable oils are renewable raw materials that possess certain excellent frictional properties
The various seat problems are happening in the field. Customers are getting more sensitive to the quality of a vehicle than ever these days. The long-term accumulated staining of iInterior trim contamination, as a result, is one of the most important factors in regarding that of the vehicle and newly reflected in IQS in 2007 and VDS in 2008 respectively. In particular, seat staining contamination has been mainly responsible for the decrease of vehicular marketability and used-car price. Therefore seat must be improved not to be stained contaminated easily. The stain accumulation contamination mechanism of both natural genuine and artificial leather seats is different from that of fabric cloth seat and we hereby verified them systematically. We developed the test method regarding the actual-conditioned wears (abrasions), soil contamination resources and environment circumstances and that it'll be of service to the vehicle development test. Moreover, 153 fabric samples genuine cloths
This paper describes the design, construction and operation of a novel environmentally-friendly automotive oil filter. Whereas conventional paper media spin-on oil filters are inexpensive and easy to use, they are hard to recycle because of their rugged construction and dissimilar material contents. Used oil filters are disposed off at an annual rate of half a billion in the US alone. They typically end up in municipal waste streams, thereby creating both a solid waste issue and a ground waste contamination issue, as discarded filters invariably contain residual amounts of waste oil. To address these issues, the objective of this work has been to design an environmentally-friendly oil filter. Such a filter is composed of a permanent, but dismantable, filter housing and a replaceable cartridge. The cartridge is made of ceramic honeycomb which can be produced to possess excellent filtration efficiency. Upon replacement, the used ceramic cartridge may be readily crushed to recover all the
This publication will be limited to a discussion of liquid and particulate contaminants which enter the aircraft through the environmental control system (ECS). Gaseous contaminants such as ozone, fuel vapors, sulphates, etc., are not covered in this AIR. It will cover all contamination sources which interface with ECS, and the effects of this contamination on equipment. Methods of control will be limited to the equipment and interfacing ducting which normally falls within the responsibility of the ECS designer
The term “prefield test” denotes an in situ test of contaminated soil in preparation for in situ treatment of the soil by a method called “electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation” (EEB). A prefield test yields data that are helpful in designing and operating an efficient and cost-effective EEB system
Electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation (EEB) is a method of engineered bioremediation of soil contaminated by such organic compounds as solvents and petroleum products. As depicted schematically in the figure, EEB involves the utilization of controlled flows of liquids and gases into and out of the ground via wells, in conjunction with electrokinetic transport of matter through pores in the soil, to provide reagents and nutrients that enhance the natural degradation of contaminants by indigenous and/or introduced micro-organisms
This publication will be limited to a discussion of liquid and particulate contaminants which enter the aircraft through the environmental control system (ECS). Gaseous contaminants such as ozone, fuel vapors, sulphates, etc., are not covered in this AIR. It will cover all contamination sources which interface with ECS, and the effects of this contamination on equipment. Methods of control will be limited to the equipment and interfacing ducting which normally falls within the responsiblity of the ECS designer
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