Browse Topic: Environmental testing

Items (1,458)

Data Quality Evaluation and Assurance of Emissions on IC Engine

2024-28-0134To be published on 12/05/2024

Engines are the predominant source of Earth's Air pollution contributor, hence there are various emission laws which mandate the use of Emission test cycle to verify that engine adhere to predetermined emission limits. A protocol found in an emission standard that enables consistent and comparable measurement of exhaust emissions for various engines is known as an emission test cycle. Values of emission parameters are the result of emission cycle. Measurements of GHG emissions - particulate number and particulate matter, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides are used to determine exhaust gas thermodynamic characteristics, fuel-air ratio, combustion efficiency, and emission indices. Because they link engine performance to environmental impact. The engine and aftertreatment system's exhaust emissions are currently having a significant negative impact on the environment. The emission indices (EI) are the characteristics that engine engineers and atmospheric emissions

Baraskar, Shweta, Rajoapdhye, Sunil, Dhuri, Santosh, Patil, Rahul, Mudassir, Mohammed, Phadke, Abhijit Narahari, Mokhadkar, Rahul

Emission Characteristics of TCR Diesel Fuels in Comparison to Diesel Fuels Derived from other Sources

2024-01-4289

11/05/2024

In this work we demonstrate the influence of different refined TCR refining diesel fuels on emission, power and efficiency in comparison to reference Diesel fuel (homologation fuel for Euro 6 emission testing), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and a blend of poly(oxymethylene)dimethyl ether (OME3) with reference Diesel. The emission characteristics of such TCR fuels used in a production type Diesel engine with modern common rail system has up to now not been tested. The comparison was performed at an engine test bench equipped with a Hatz 4H50 TIC direct injection common rail Diesel engine. For different engine operation points exhaust gas emissions and particulate matters were measured and the results analyzed

Seeger, Jan, Taschek, Marco

Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter Performance from Fresh to Full Useful Life

2024-01-4311

11/05/2024

The gasoline particulate filter (GPF) represents a durable solution for particulate emissions control in light-duty gasoline-fueled vehicles. It is also seen as a viable technology in North America to meet the upcoming US EPA tailpipe emission regulation, the proposed “Multipollutant Rule for Model Year 2027”. The goal of this study was to track the evolution of tailpipe particulate emissions of a modern GTDI light duty vehicle under typical North American mileage accumulation; from a fresh state to 4000-mile, and finally to its full useful life of 150,000-miles. For this purpose, a production TWC + GPF after-treatment system was installed in place of the T3B85 TWC-only system. Chassis dyno emissions testing was performed at the pre-determined mileage points with on-road driving conducted for the necessary mileage accumulation. This report will show the outstanding filtration durability and enhanced particulate control and of the current GPF technology all the way to 150,000 miles for

Craig, Angus, Warkins, Jason, Beattie, James, Nipunage, Sanket, Moser, David, Day, Ryan, Banker, Vonda

Fiber Optic Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Singlemode Interconnect and Component Standards Mapping for Aerospace Platform Applications – Device Level Specification

AIR5667 (Current)

10/08/2024

The purpose of this document is to serve as a resource to aerospace designers who are planning to utilize Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) interconnects and components. Many WDM commercial systems exist and they incorporate a number of existing, commercially supported, standards that define the critical parameters to guide the development of these systems. These standards ensure interoperability between the elements within these systems. The commercial industry is motivated to utilize these standards to minimize the amount of tailored development. However, since some of the aerospace parameters are not satisfied by the commercial devices, this document will also try to extend the commercial parameters to those that are necessary for aerospace systems. The document provides cross-references to existing or emerging optical component and subsystem standards. These parameter definitions, test methods, and procedures typically apply to telecommunications application and in some cases

AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee

Air Cycle Air Conditioning Systems for Air Vehicles

AS4073B (Current)

10/03/2024

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for air cycle air conditioning systems used on military air vehicles for cooling, heating, ventilation, and moisture and contamination control. General recommendations for an air conditioning system, which may include an air cycle system as a cooling source, are included in MIL-E-18927E and JSSG-2009. Air cycle air conditioning systems include those components which condition high temperature and high pressure air for delivery to occupied and equipment compartments and to electrical and electronic equipment. This document is applicable to open and closed loop air cycle systems. Definitions are contained in Section 5 of this document

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Handling, Packaging, and Conditioning of Materials and Components Used in Automotive Interiors for Emissions Testing

J2989_202409 (Current)

09/27/2024

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for stakeholders of the automotive industry that are conducting emission testing on materials, parts, or components used in automotive interiors. Testing methods may specifically define the handling and packaging conditions for the material to be analyzed. In these cases, follow the method as closely as possible. Use this document as a guide where the protocol for handling and packaging the samples between production and testing may be undefined or ambiguous

Volatile Organic Compounds

Aerospace - General Requirements for Hydraulic Fuse - Quantity Measuring

AS5466 (Current)

06/24/2024

This specification establishes the design, performance, and test requirements for hydraulic quantity measuring fuses intended to be used for hydraulic circuit protection

A-6C5 Components Committee

Comprehensive Thermal Modeling and Analysis of a 2019 Nissan Leaf Plus for Enhanced Battery Electric Vehicle Performance

2024-01-2403

04/09/2024

With the increasing demand for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) capable of extended mileage, optimizing their efficiency has become paramount for manufacturers. However, the challenge lies in balancing the need for climate control within the cabin and precise thermal regulation of the battery, which can significantly reduce a vehicle's driving range, often leading to energy consumption exceeding 50% under severe weather conditions. To address these critical concerns, this study embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the impact of weather conditions on energy consumption and range for the 2019 Nissan Leaf Plus. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of thermal management for BEVs by introducing a sophisticated thermal management system model, along with detailed thermal models for both the battery and the cabin. These models are seamlessly integrated into a 2019 Nissan Leaf Plus BEV model developed in Autonomie, allowing for a holistic assessment of

Al Haddad, Rabih, Mansour, Charbel, Kim, Namdoo, Seo, Jigu, Nemer, Maroun

Exhaust Slip-Stream Sampling System for Aftertreatment Device Testing

2024-01-2703

04/09/2024

Design, testing, and implementation of new aftertreatment devices under various engine operating conditions is necessary to meet increasingly stringent regulatory mandates. One common aftertreatment device, the catalytic converter, is typically developed at a reduced scale and tested using predefined fluid compositions sourced from bottle gases and can undergo both species and temperature cycling in addition to steady-state testing. However, these bench-top conditions may differ from real-world operation in terms of flow-rates, species composition, and temperatures experienced. Transitioning from small-scale bench-top testing to full-scale engine applications requires larger monoliths that therefore have a significant amount of catalyst slurry to be washcoated, which increases cost and fabrication time. Being able to experience realistic emission streams under scaled flowrates would allow for a physically smaller catalyst testing at matched space velocities resulting in faster, more

Loprete, Jason, Ristow Hadlich, Rodrigo, Sirna, Amanda, Assanis, Dimitris, Mon, Tala, Kyriakidou, Eleni

Full-Scale CFD Prediction of the Performance of Advanced After-Treatment Systems during Severe RDE Test Cycle

2024-01-2624

04/09/2024

Air pollution is a significant environmental issue, and exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines are one of the primary sources of harmful pollutants. The transportation sector, which includes road vehicles, contributes to a large share of these emissions. In Europe, the latest emission legislation (Euro 7) proposes more stringent limits and testing conditions for vehicle emissions. To meet these limits, the automotive industry is actively developing innovative exhaust emission-control technologies. With the growing prevalence of electrification, internal combustion engines are subject to continuous variations in load and engine speed, including phases where the engine is switched off. The result is an operating condition characterized by successive cold starts. In this context, the challenge in coping with the emission limits is to minimize the light-off time and prevent fast light-out conditions during idling or city driving. This goal can be achieved by reducing heat

Sartirana, Andrea, Montenegro, Gianluca, Della Torre, Augusto, Onorati, Angelo, Pace, Lorenzo, Zaldua-Moreno, Naroa

Technical Challenges with on Board Monitoring

2024-01-2597

04/09/2024

The proposed Euro 7 regulation includes On Board Monitoring, or OBM, to continuously monitor vehicles for emission exceedances. OBM relies on feedback from existing or additional sensors to identify high emitting vehicles, which poses many challenges. Currently, sensors are not commercially available for all emissions constituents, and the accuracy of available sensors is not capable enough for in use compliance determination. On board emissions models do not offer enough fidelity to determine in use compliance and require new complex model innovation development which will be extremely complicated to implement on board the vehicle. The stack up of multi-component deterioration leading to an emissions exceedance is infeasible to detect using available sensors and models. An assessment of limitations and measurement accuracy for sensors or models including oxides of nitrogen (NOx) sensors under a variety of operating conditions, ammonia (NH3) sensing, and particulate matter (PM) sensing

Funk, Sarah, Potter, Janean, Pruski, Erika

Evaluation of Uncoated Gasoline Particulate Filter Performance for US EPA MY27+ Particulate Mass Emissions Regulation

2024-01-2383

04/09/2024

The gasoline particulate filter (GPF) represents a practical solution for particulate emissions control in light-duty gasoline-fueled vehicles. It is also seen as an essential technology in North America to meet the upcoming US EPA tailpipe emission regulation, as proposed in the “Multi-pollutant Rule for Model Year 2027”. The goal of this study was to introduce advanced, uncoated GPF products and measure their particulate mass (PM) reduction performance within the existing US EPA FTP vehicle testing procedures, as detailed in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 1066. Various state-of-the-art GPF products were characterized for their microstructure properties with lab-bench checks for pressure drop and filtration efficiency, then pre-conditioned with an EPA-recommended 1500 mile on-road break-in, and finally were tested on an AWD vehicle chassis-dyno emissions test cell at both 25°C and -7°C ambient conditions. A modern, T3B70, GTDI light-duty truck served as the test vehicle

Craig, Angus, Warkins, Jason, Wassouf, Bassel, Beall, Douglas, Banker, Vonda, Madaffari Jr, Dominick

Development of an Automatic Pipeline for Data Analysis and Pre-Processing for Data Driven-Based Engine Emission Modeling in a Real Industrial Application

2024-01-2018

04/09/2024

During the development of an Internal Combustion Engine-based powertrain, traditional procedures for control strategies calibration and validation produce huge amount of data, that can be used to develop innovative data-driven applications, such as emission virtual sensing. One of the main criticalities is related to the data quality, that cannot be easily assessed for such a big amount of data. This work focuses on an emission modeling activity, using an enhanced Light Gradient Boosting Regressor and a dedicated data pre-processing pipeline to improve data quality. First thing, a software tool is developed to access a database containing data coming from emissions tests. The tool performs a data cleaning procedure to exclude corrupted data or invalid parts of the test. Moreover, it automatically tunes model hyperparameters, it chooses the best set of features, and it validates the procedure by comparing the estimation and the experimental measurement. The proposed pre-processing

Petrone, Boris, Giovannardi, Emanuele, Brusa, Alessandro, Cavina, Nicolò, Kitsopanidis, Ioannis

Tiny, Fully Functional Water-Strider and Mini-Bug Robots

TBMG-50371

04/01/2024

Two insect-like robots, a mini-bug and a water strider, developed at Washington State University, are the smallest, lightest and fastest fully functional micro-robots. Such miniature robots could someday be used for work in areas such as artificial pollination, search and rescue, environmental monitoring, micro-fabrication or robotic-assisted surgery

The Effect of Different Air Path Based ATS Thermal Management Strategy on a Non- EGR Medium Duty Diesel Engine’s Performance and Emissions

2024-26-0038

01/16/2024

The major objective of this paper is to develop thermal management strategy targeting optimum performance of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine performing in BS6 emission cycles. In the current scenario, the Emissions Norms are becoming more stringent and with the introduction of Real Drive Emission Test (RDE) and WHTC test comprising of both cold and hot phase, there is a need to develop techniques and strategies which are quick to respond in real time to cope with emission limit especially NOx. SCR seems to be suitable solution in reducing NOx in real time. However, there are limitations to SCR operating conditions, the major being the dosing release conditions which defines the gas temperature at which DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) can be injected as DEF injection at lower gas temperatures than dosing release will lead to Urea deposit formation and will significantly hamper the SCR performance. The second factor for optimum SCR operation is to

Sharma, Ajeet Kumar, Kreuzig, Gerhard, Gupta, Ayush, Goyal, Dinesh, Garg, Varun

GPF: An Effective Technology to Minimize Two Wheeler (2Wh) Particulate Emission

2024-26-0140

01/16/2024

India is the world’s largest two-wheeler (2Wh) market. With the proportion of its middle class rapidly rising, 2Wh sales and the resulting emissions, are expected to grow exponentially. The decision to leap-frog from BSIV to BSVI emission norms shows India’s commitment to clean up its atmosphere. As of now, the regulation mandates Gaseous Pollutant (CO, HC, NOx) emission limits for all 2Whs and a particulate limit (PM & PN) for 2Whs powered by Direct Injection (DI) engines. Most of the 2Whs manufactured in India are powered by gasoline engines using the Port Fuel Injection (PFI) technology, and hence by definition particulate emission limits do not apply to them. Particulates when inhaled - especially of the ultrafine sizes capable of entering the blood stream - pose a serious health risk. This was the primary motivation to investigate the particulate emission levels of the 2Whs, which as on date, do not come under the purview of BSVI regulation. A study was conducted selecting a

Bhimavarapu, Aditya, Singh, Sunil Kumar, Kataria, Rohit, Rose, Dominik, Boger, Thorsten

Reproducibility of Physico-Chemical Properties in Brakes Emissions Generated at Different Dynamometric Benches

2023-01-1877

11/05/2023

In recent years, brakes emission tests have become increasingly standardized to meet progressively stricter intra and inter laboratory reproducibility requirements. In particular, following the recent EURO 7 regulation proposal, WLTP-Brake cycle has surged as EU standard braking sequence to determine emission factors of investigated brake systems. Furthermore, the UN GTR (United Nations Global Technical Regulation) on Laboratory Measurement of Brake Emissions for Light-Duty Vehicles collects all the information needed to perform emission tests in laboratory. This includes design specifications for the testing platforms as well as the typology and configuration of measuring instruments. Notably, laboratory emission tests are also increasingly used to collect particulates for chemical characterization, since the compositional information is crucial to: i) provide correct assessment of their toxicological and environmental behavior; and ii) better understand tribological and emission

Mancini, Alessandro, Tsyupa, Bozhena, Della Bella, Pietro, Russo, Simone, Martinelli, Elia, Leonardi, Mara, Belotti, Stefano, Hense, Maximilian, Niemann, Hartmut, Bertasi, Federico, Bonfanti, Andrea

Using the XiL Approach for Brake Emission Investigations for Electrified Vehicles

2023-01-1891

11/05/2023

The following paper aims to bring the topics of connected testing and emission measurements together. It is an introduction of connected bench testing with the aim to characterize brake particle emissions with a special focus on the impact of regenerative braking by simulating the real behavior of a premium BEV SUV. Such an approach combines the advantages of a brake dynamometer including an emission testing setup and a HiL setup to allow a much more precise testing of brake particle emissions under the impact of regen braking compared to the current recommendations of the Global Technical Regulation (GTR) on brake particle emissions. It is shown for the very first time, how interactions between the vehicle motion system work. The study includes one physical front brake corner as well as one physical rear brake corner. The regen functionalities are simulated by a real ESC-ECU which is the core of the HiL test setup. The presented results will deal with the simulation accuracy, the

Gramstat, Sebastian, Gramstat, Elizaveta, Hense, Maximilian, Zessinger, Marco

Brake Emission Testing Process – Assuring Repeatability and Reproducibility of Emission Measurement Results

2023-01-1876

11/05/2023

Non-exhaust emissions are clearly one of the focal points for the upcoming Euro 7 legislation. The new United Nations Global Technical Regulation (UN GTR) defining the framework for brake emission measurements is about to be officially published. The first amendment to this text is already on the way through the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) hierarchy for decision making. In real life, the final emission factor as the ultimate result of a test is influenced by inaccuracies of numerous parts of the measurement system as well as additional contributing factors like the performance of the particulate filter handling process, which might not be primarily related to equipment specifications. The regulation’s definitions set the basic requirements for testing, whilst establishing a robust and efficient testing process requires a thorough assessment of the influencing factors on the measurement quality, which in turn can be described using e.g., repeatability and

Weidinger, Christoph, Martikainen, Sampsa, Wanek-Ruediger, Christian, Huber, Michael, Rainer, Andreas

Post-Mortem Analysis of DAAAC and Conventionally Aged Aftertreatment Systems

2023-01-1656

10/31/2023

Upcoming regulations from CARB and EPA will require diesel engine manufacturers to validate aftertreatment durability with full useful life aged components. To this end, the Diesel Aftertreatment Accelerated Aging Cycle (DAAAC) protocol was developed to accelerate aftertreatment aging by accounting for hydrothermal aging, sulfur, and oil poisoning deterioration mechanisms. Two aftertreatment systems aged with the DAAAC protocol, one on an engine and the other on a burner system, were directly compared to a reference system that was aged to full useful life using conventional service accumulation. After on-engine emission testing of the fully aged components, DOC and SCR catalyst samples were extracted from the aftertreatment systems to compare the elemental distribution of contaminants between systems. In addition, benchtop reactor testing was conducted to measure differences in catalyst performance. Sulfur was deposited uniformly on the aftertreatment components while the oil derived

Seuser, Grant, Eakle, Scott, Rahman, Mohammed Mustafizur, Sharp, Christopher, Zavala, Bryan

How to Accomplish a More Sustainable Internal Combustion Engine Using Life Cycle Analysis: A Demo

2023-01-1657

10/31/2023

The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by all United Nation Member States in 2015 to ensure a sustainable planet and improved living conditions for everyone, everywhere. The light duty vehicle (LDV) fleet has exceeded one billion, with most vehicles being powered by internal combustion engines. Transportation is responsible for 60% of global fossil oil consumption. Air pollution is a large problem in cities often attributed to road transport. Vehicles comprise of over 70 material categories, indicating the complexity of sustainable material management. A hypothesis was established, that a sustainable engine (SE) could significantly reduce the environmental impact of transportation and, be realized by combining available technologies. A life cycle analysis was conducted on a 145 kW 2-litre Miller-cycle gasoline 48V-mild-hybrid engine with EU6d exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS), assessing seven mid-point categories. The environmental impacts were used to establish sustainable

Dudley, Joshua Paul, Laurell, Mats, Thuve, Christoffer, Klövmark, Henrik

Engine Efficiency and Emissions Improvement in a Parallel-Series PHEV

2023-01-5072

10/12/2023

While there is a continued push toward mass adoption of electric vehicles globally, internal combustion engines seem posed to continue to play a key role in the mobility industry even as electrified powertrains continue to increase in market share. For internal combustion engines to continue to propel people and goods, engine technologies need to continuously improve in both efficiency and emissions. This paper will explore six technologies to increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions output of an engine in a plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV). The technologies employed on this prototype vehicle include deceleration fuel cutoff, start–stop, increasing the mean engine operating temperature, preheating the engine oil, implementing an electrically heated catalyst, and air–fuel ratio control. Each of these technologies have been well studied and have demonstrated robustness through decades of deployments on road. However, pairing these technologies with a PHEV architecture will

Jankord, Gregory, Modak, Aditya, Dalke, Phillip, Midlam-Mohler, Shawn

Technical Improvements of Portable Emissions Measurement System for Solid Particle Number Larger than 10 nm

2023-32-0024

09/29/2023

Since the introduction of the first Particle Number (PN) regulation for solid particles larger than 23 nm (SPN23) in the European Union (EU), the trend to introduce and strengthen PN regulations has spread globally. PN was added to the regulated components in the European Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulation in 2017. Furthermore, the scope of the EU regulation will be expanded to include solid particles larger than 10 nm (SPN10) in the future. The authors have previously developed a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) capable of measuring SPN23. Since measurement of 10 nm PN by PEMS will also be necessary in the future regulations, The authors developed a 10 nm PN-PEMS. In this paper, the technical improvements and the basic performance of the developed 10 nm PN-PEMS are described. The results of SPN10 measurement tests which have been performed on different kinds of vehicles are presented. The developed 10 nm PN-PEMS showed good correlation with a stationary SPN10

Kondo, Kenji, Japs, Leonid, Lienerth, Peter, Kitahara, Takahiro, Fukushima, Suguru, Otsuki, Yoshinori

Development Of On-board Multi-component Gas Analyzer Toward Euro 7

2023-32-0026

09/29/2023

The Euro 7 emission regulations currently under consideration by the EU will adopt on-road emissions test as the main Type Approval procedure, and it has been proposed that the number of gas components to be measured will be increased. Therefore, the Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) used for on- road emissions testing must be able to simultaneously measure more components with higher precision while maintaining the same compact and lightweight structure as in the existing PEMS. The authors have applied a relatively new technique, quantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy (QCL-IR), to an on-board multi-component gas analyzer. Comparison with laboratory tests on a gasoline passenger car on a dynamometer showed that the newly developed QCL- IR PEMS correlated well with conventional PEMS and stationary conventional analyzers. Signal noise and interference from other gases was also confirmed to show the expected performance, which was equal to or better than that of

Kondo, Yosuke, Hamauchi, Shota, Kowada, Yoshihito, Shibuya, Kyoji, Otsuki, Yoshinori

Impact from a variety of E10 and E20 gasoline formulations on PN10 and PN23 emissions evaluated in combination with advanced GPF technology generations

2023-32-0028

09/29/2023

The study was aimed at assessing the impact of fuel quality on the PN10 and PN23 emissions. A total of 6 fuels having different level of ethanol, renewable components, additives, and aromatic hydrocarbons were tested on the test vehicle. In the first phase of the study, the emission tests were conducted removing the GPF present in the original aftertreatment system to measure the direct impact of different fuels on the tailpipe particle emissions. The emission results showed that heavy aromatics components lead to a significant increase in particle emissions while the fuel with renewable components and E20 emit less PN comparing to the E10 reference fuel. However, those fuel impacts became very small with a GPF present due to a high filtration efficiency independent of fuel type

Chijiiwa, Ryoko, Rose, Dominik, Boger, Thorsten, Krueger-Venus, Jens, Cracknell, Roger, Williams, Rod

Minimum Safe Performance Over Speed Warning Instruments

AS8007 (Current)

06/19/2023

This AS defines instruments which use inputs of static and pitot pressure equal to those which are utilized to establish the pressure altitude and speed of that aircraft. These pressures are applied to the instrument ports to provide means for generation of an aural warning whenever the aircraft reaches or exceeds the maximum operating limit speed. This Over Speed Warning Instrument function may be incorporated as part of an Air Data Computer, or an Air Speed Indicator, or an Air Speed/Mach Number Indicator, or other instruments. In those cases where the Over Speed Warning Instrument is part of another instrument, the standards contained herein apply only to the Over Speed Warning Instrument function. Each aircraft type and model has a defined maximum operating limit speed curve or curves which are a part of the airframe manufacturer's type certification approval data; this limit speed data shall be available from the subject airframe manufacturer as published in the operating manual

A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 2, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATION, FOR COAXIAL, TWINAXIAL, TRIAXIAL, SHIELDED CONTACTS AND FERRULES, TERMINAL LUGS, SPLICES AND END CAPS

AS22520/10A (Current)05/25/2023

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 2, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATION, FOR COXIAL, TWIN AXIAL, TRIAXIAL, SHIELDED CONTACTS AND FERRULES, TERMINAL LUGS, SPLICES, AND END CAPS

AS22520/5B (Current)05/23/2023

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Disposable, Eco-Friendly Sensors Provide Precise Wearable Dosimetry

TBMG-48032

05/01/2023

Sensor-laden wearable systems hold great promise for wide range of applications including health monitoring, rehabilitation, electronic skin in robotics, environmental monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT), and more. Often these applications require cost-effective disposable sensors either for short-term or single measurements

Solenoid, Electrical, General Specification

AS40401 (Current)

04/26/2023

This specification covers the general requirements for electrical solenoids used to actuate various devices through the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical motion. These solenoids are of the axial stroke type and the rotary stroke type

A-6C5 Components Committee

Virtual Validation of Automotive Electronic Products for Climatic Test Conditions

2023-01-0157

04/11/2023

In modern automobiles a complex network of electronic sensors and controls is being integrated for increased comfort, convenience, and safety. All of these needs to be designed for the stringent environmental condition requirements. Environmental tests used for validation of product primarily consists of combination of Vibration load, Temperature and Humidity. Failures induced by vibration Load and temperature cycling are fairly well understood and often simulation can help design team to understand weakness in design and evaluate design options to mitigate it. However, Humidity and temperature (cyclic or constant) are critical as well referred as Climatic tests. The purpose of climatic tests are to assess the ability of a product to operate reliably under condensing conditions. Unlike other environmental test where there are visual clues of something broken, these test could lead to failure without any visual clues. Failures are intermittent in nature as they are driven (among other

Kumar, Vinay, Viswanathan, Swaminathan

ARP5297C (Current)

03/08/2023

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the qualification test procedure requirements for low wattage halogen lamps (less than 35 watts) intended for use primarily in aircraft applications. The purpose of these tests is to provide a laboratory means of determining the performance characteristics of lamps under airplane power and other environmental conditions and to verify the integrity of the lamp design and production processes

A-20C Interior Lighting

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 1, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATION FOR WIRE BARREL SIZES 20 THROUGH 28

AS22520/2B (Current)02/14/2023

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Advanced Low Mass Ceramic Substrate for improved Cold Start Performance Targeting PROCONVE L8 Light-Duty Emissions Regulations

2022-36-0027

02/10/2023

Brazilian Emissions Regulations are getting tighter in the coming years. With PROCONVE L7 in Jan-2023 and PROCONVE L8 in 2025, regulated emissions limits will significantly decrease, such as, the NMOG + NOx standard from 130 mg/km (PL6) to 50 mg/km (PL8). This challenge will necessitate better aftertreatment performance, with expected increases the catalytic converter PGM content, and consequently higher system cost. It is understood that approximately 75% of an engine’s gaseous pollutants occur during the first few seconds after a cold start, thus it is crucial to promote the emissions conversion performance during that period. One approach is to decrease the heat capacity of the catalytic system, which can be done by utilizing cordierite substrates with thinner walls or an increased material porosity. CORNING has developed an innovative technology to substantially raise the porosity of conventional ultra-thin wall substrates from 35% to 55%, while maintaining their strength. This

Petrini Fogaça, Rômulo, Urbani Amadei, Gabriel, L. Warkins, Jason, A. Craig, Angus

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 1, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATINO FOR MINIATURE CO-AXIAL AND TRI-AXIAL INNER CONTACTS

AS22520/46A (Current)01/13/2023

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Light-Analyzing ‘Lab on A Chip’ Opens Door to Widespread Use of Portable Spectrometers

TBMG-47308

01/01/2023

Scientists, including an Oregon State University materials researcher, have developed a better tool to measure light, contributing to a field known as optical spectrometry in a way that could improve everything from smartphone cameras to environmental monitoring

Small But Mighty: Stratospheric Microballooons

TBMG-47252

12/15/2022

Stratospheric balloons are routinely used for Earth imaging and environmental monitoring in the upper atmosphere. The balloons are often enormous in size — several hundred feet —and when inflated could engulf an entire football stadium. Urban Sky, a Denver-based stratospheric technology and remote sensing startup, has miniaturized the technology for collecting images and data of the Earth by developing small stratospheric balloons

Environmental testing preps for tighter sustainability rules

22AUTP11_0812/01/2022

Most engineers are used to the steady winds of change in refrigerant regulations as global agreements lead to new standards from the U.S. EPA and its counterparts in Europe and Asia. . At the 2022 Automotive Testing Expo in Novi, Mich., one environmental-testing-chamber company gave an overview of its new technology that uses R449A refrigerant to meet the looming standards. Beginning in 2024, Montreal Protocol A2, which includes the U.S. and most developed countries, calls for hydro-fluorocarbon (HFC) use to drop from 90% of a baseline set 10 years ago all the way to 60

Clonts, Chris

General Requirements for Hydraulic Fuse - Flow Rate

AS5467 (Current)

11/18/2022

This specification establishes the design, performance, and test requirements for hydraulic flow rate fuses intended to be used for hydraulic circuit protection on aircraft

A-6C5 Components Committee

General Requirements for the Design and Testing of Civil Type Pressure Compensated, Variable Delivery Hydraulic Pumps

AS595E (Current)

11/02/2022

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides general design and test requirements for a flat cut-off pressure compensated, variable delivery hydraulic pump for use in a civil aircraft hydraulic system with a rated system pressure up to 5000 psi (34500 kPa). NOTE: Hydraulic pumps may incorporate features such as a clutch in the input drive, which will not be covered by this standard

A-6C4 Power Sources Committee

Allison's now open for hydrogen testing

22TOFHP10_0510/01/2022

With the atomic number 1, hydrogen is the lightest element in the Periodic Table, but it's rapidly becoming a heavyweight for the mobility future. Development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) and hydrogen-fueled combustion engines for commercial-vehicle use is driving demand for specialized testing and validation facilities. Allison Transmission is in the vanguard of this movement, recently launching a comprehensive hydrogen test capability at its 60,000-ft2 (5,575-m2) Vehicle Electrification + Environmental Test Center in Indianapolis. Prior to its official debut, SAE Media was provided an exclusive look at the new facility - which also includes compressed natural gas (CNG) testing - courtesy of David Proctor, the test center's general manager, and Tim Szilveszter, Allison's sales account manager

Brooke, Lindsay

Advanced Emission Controls and E-fuels on a Gasoline Car for Zero-Impact Emissions

2022-01-1014

08/30/2022

The electrified internal combustion engine can contribute to further improving air quality and reducing impact on climate change. A previous publication looked into ultra-low initial cold-start emissions with the implementation of a state-of-the-art emission control system on a gasoline vehicle with market E10 gasoline. This paper reports additional investigations on different drop-in sustainable renewable fuels, including e-fuels. The gasoline demonstrator vehicle is equipped with a 48V mild-hybrid powertrain with a 1.5 L direct injection engine. The innovative emission control system consists of an electrically pre-heated catalyst (EHC) and first three-way catalyst (TWC) in close-coupled position, in combination with an underfloor catalysed gasoline particulate filter (cGPF), second TWC and ammonia slip catalyst (ASC). Pollutant emission tests are conducted on a challenging chassis dyno test for cold-start emissions at 23 °C and -10 °C. Tests that were done before on reference E10

Demuynck, Joachim, Mendoza Villafuerte, Pablo, Bosteels, Dirk, Kuhrt, Andreas, Brauer, Maximilian, Sens, Marc, Williams, John, Chaillou, Christophe, Gordillo, Victor

High Mileage Emission Deterioration Factors from Euro 6 Positive and Compression Ignition Vehicles

2022-01-1028

08/30/2022

The current European fleet of vehicles is ageing and lifetime mileages are rising proportionally. Consequently, a substantial fraction of the vehicle fleet is currently operating at mileages well beyond current durability legislation (≤ 160,000 km). Emissions inventories and models show substantial increases in emissions with increasing mileage, but knowledge of the effect of emissions control system deterioration at very high mileages is sparse. Emissions testing has been conducted on matched pairs (or more) of diesel and gasoline (and CNG) vehicles, of low and high mileage, supplementing the results with in-house data, in order to explore high mileage emission deterioration factors (DF). The study isolated, as far as possible, the effect of emissions deterioration with mileage, by using nominally identical vehicle models and controlling other variables. Several emissions species were considered, including pollutants under consideration for control at Euro 7, with measurements made

Zanfagna, Adriano, Hausberger, Stefan, Landl, Lukas, Andersson, Jon, Triantafyllopoulos, Georgios, Kolokotronis, Dimitrios, Holmes, Geoffrey, Saltas, Elias, Dimaratos, Athanasios, Samaras, Zissis, Ligterink, Norbert, Rose, Rebecca, Soderena, Petri, Kontses, Anastasios, Dilara, Panagiota, Keenan, Matthew

Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

2022-01-1094

08/30/2022

Typical automotive emission testing systems usually employ Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers to measure unburned fuel species in the exhaust, but the technique is not suitable for engines operating on alcohol fuels. The FID method is not sensitive to measuring unburned alcohol fuels due to the presence of oxygen bonds in the fuel molecule. Other techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), can provide accurate unburned fuel measurements with alcohol fuel. However, these techniques are expensive and are less accessible compared to FID analyzers. In this study, the unburned fuel emissions from the engine exhaust were measured simultaneously with FID and FTIR analyzers, with the engine operating on pure alcohols, which are methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol. While most previous work focuses on stoichiometric air-fuel mixtures, a wide range of lean operating conditions between global-λ 1.6 to 2.8 will be tested in this study. Such ultra-lean operation was achievable thanks

Hlaing, Ponnya, Said, Ahmed, Cenker, Emre, Im, Hong G., Turner, James

Validation Test on a Light Duty Vehicle Equipped with a GDI Engine to Meet China 6b RDE Regulation for PN

2022-01-1020

08/30/2022

China 6 (CN6) emission legislation for light duty vehicles was published in 2016, which introduced real driving emissions (RDE) requirements for new type-approval content. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle number (PN) of RDE test are required to be monitored and reported from July 2020 in CN6a phase, fulfilled from July 2023 in CN6b phase. To meet the PN limitation of CN6 RDE, the optimized engine combustion and advanced emission control system like gasoline particle filter (GPF) are encouraged. Compared to traditional vehicle platform emission compliance which could be done in lab, much more vehicle development and validation efforts are expected on the open road for RDE compliance. High cost and complexity are expected to conduct a complete validation test matrix covering all the RDE critical boundary conditions on the open road. To investigate a logical RDE validation process from lab to open road covering various critical boundary conditions like soaking temperature, altitude and

Feng, Xiangyu, Chen, Jian, Li, Chunbo, Tao, Tinghong, Liu, Haixu, Gu, Donglin, Xu, Changjian, Zeng, Jun, Jiang, Ping, Wang, Xiangang

Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

1327408/18/2022

Typical automotive emission testing systems usually employ Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers to measure unburned fuel species in the exhaust, but the technique is not suitable for engines operating on alcohol fuels. The FID method is not sensitive to measuring unburned alcohol fuels due to the presence of oxygen bonds in the fuel molecule. Other techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), can provide accurate unburned fuel measurements with alcohol fuel. However, these techniques are expensive and are less accessible compared to FID analyzers. In this study, the unburned fuel emissions from the engine exhaust were measured simultaneously with FID and FTIR analyzers, with the engine operating on pure alcohols, which are methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol. While most previous work focuses on stoichiometric air-fuel mixtures, a wide range of lean operating conditions between global-� 1.6 to 2.8 will be tested in this study. Such ultra-lean operation was achievable thanks

Hlaing, Ponnya

Laboratory test methods for exhaust aftertreatment system development in light of new Euro 7/VII and Stage V emission regulations

1326808/18/2022

New Euro 7/VII emission regulations currently under discussion place an emphasis on reduction of gaseous emission limits, the extension of particulate number (PN) emission measurement down to 10 nm and foresee the introduction of further regulated compounds, including in the case of real driving emissions (RDE). In parallel, the Stage V regulation places all non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) engines in categories that must comply with a given set of emission limits. Tightening regulations therefore urge the need for accelerating the development of exhaust aftertreatment systems (ATS) solutions conducted in engine testing laboratories and under in-service operation. This presentation outlines the specific test methodologies and laboratory equipment employed for the development of exhaust aftertreatment systems for modern powertrain applications. Methods of the ammonia distribution measurement in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the characterisation of close coupled diesel

Sala, Rafal

MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STANDARD ANGLE OF ATTACK EQUIPMENT

AS8046 (Current)

08/04/2022

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum performance requirements for an angle of attack (AOA) system

A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee

Minimum Performance Standard for Pitot and Pitot-Static Probes

AS8006A (Current)

08/04/2022

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers the following basic types: Type I - Pitot pressure, straight and L-shaped, electrically heated. Type II - Pitot and static pressures, straight and L-shaped, electrically heated

A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee

Techniques for Suspect/Counterfeit EEE Parts Detection by Electrical Test Methods

AS6171/7 (Current)06/28/2022

The scope of this document is to: 1 Specify techniques to detect SC parts using electrical testing. 2 Provide various levels of electrical testing that can be used by the User to define test plans for detecting SC parts. 3 Provide minimum requirements for testing laboratories so that User/Requester can determine which test houses have the necessary capabilities. (For example: technical knowledge, equipment, procedures and protocols for performing electrical testing for verification analysis.) Note: User/Requester is defined in AS6171 General Requirements 4 Specify Burn-In and environmental tests. The environmental tests include Temperature Cycling for Active Devices and Thermal Shock for Passive Devices. Seal Tests are described and recommended for hermetic devices. The following terminology is used throughout this document: a Shall = is mandatory; b Should = is recommended; and c Will = is planned (is considered to be part of a standard process). If AS6171/7 is invoked in the contract

G-19A Test Laboratory Standards Development Committee

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