Browse Topic: Sustainable development

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European Initiatives addressing High efficiency and low cost electric motors for circularity and low use of rare resources2025-01-8806To be published on 04/01/2025
The automotive industry is amidst an unprecedented multi-faceted transition striving for more sustainable passenger mobility and freight transportation. The rise of e-mobility is coming along with energy efficiency improvements, CO2 and non-exhaust emission reductions, driving/propulsion technology innovations, and a hardware-software-ratio shift in vehicle development for road-based electric vehicles. Current R&D activities are focusing on electric motor topologies and designs, sustainability, manufacturing, prototyping, and testing. This is leading to a new generation of electric motors, which is considering recyclability, reduction of (rare earth) resource usage, cost criticality, and a full product life-cycle assessment, to gain broader market penetration. This paper outlines the latest advances of multiple EU-funded research projects under the Horizon Europe framework and showcases their complementarities to address the European priorities as identified in the 2ZERO SRIA . The E
Armengaud, Eric, Ratz, Florian, Muñiz, Ángela, Poza, Javier, Garramiola, Fernando, Almandoz, Gaizka, Pippuri-Mäkeläinen, Jenni, Clenet, Stéphane, Messagie, Maarten, D’amore, Lea, Lavigne Philippot, Maeva, Rillo, Oriol, Montesinos, Daniel, Vansompel, Hendrik, De Keyser, Arne, Romano, Claudio, Montanaro, Umberto, Tavernini, Davide, Gruber, Patrick, Ran, Liaoyuan, Amati, Nicola, Vagg, Christopher, Herzog, Matic, Weinzerl, Martin
Technical Paper
Proposed Solutions to Improve Green Hydrogen Production for Cars2025-01-8601To be published on 04/01/2025
Recently, global interest in hydrogen as a powerful, promising and clean source of energy has increased. Green hydrogen production is considered one of the most important modern projects worldwide, as it is the way to achieve a clean and sustainable environment. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, the most famous of which are: 1) Electrochemical separation of water; 2) Heating waste plastic at a high temperature using low-carbon emission technology. However, both methods still suffer from complexity and high cost, which calls for the search for scientific solutions to reduce economic costs and make hydrogen available to everyone at reasonable prices. While the first method is considered the best and easiest to produce high-purity hydrogen, but it faces challenges in collecting hydrogen on the surface of the positive electrode (cathode) in a way that is suitable for collecting it in a safe and less expensive way, so that it can be used in multiple applications, especially
Hamed, Maryam Salah, Ali, Salah H. R.
Technical Paper
Meteorolgical Aspects of the Operational Design Domain -- Enhancing Road and Rail Safety and Efficiency through Integrated Wind, Weather, and Motion Sensing Technology2025-01-8100To be published on 04/01/2025
In recent years, integrated sensor systems have significantly advanced environmental monitoring, providing essential insights for addressing various environmental challenges. This paper introduces a novel wind, weather, and motion sensor, designed primarily for automotive environments but also applicable to rail systems. The paper explores how these sensors enhance the safety and efficiency of vehicles by detecting critical environmental parameters. Key concepts such as the Operational Design Domain (ODD) and Operational Domain (OD) are discussed, emphasizing their importance in the deployment of connected, automated, and autonomous vehicles. The distinction between ODD and OD is illustrated using real-world examples, highlighting the necessity for advanced detection and response capabilities in complex driving scenarios. Furthermore, the paper delves into the significance of road-related atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind. Current state-of-the-art
Feichtinger, Christoph Simon
Technical Paper
Objective System Level Sustainability Evaluation of Competing Materials for Demanding Automotive Applications2025-01-8607To be published on 04/01/2025
In response to a mix of drivers, including new and emerging global regulatory requirements, consumer sentiment and scarcity of resources, Global Automotive OEMs are setting new sustainability targets for their organizations. Engineers are faced with these new sustainability goals and must develop effective strategies to meet them while concurrently maintaining safety, cost, performance and customer satisfaction. Global Warming Potential (GWP100) as measured in CO2e through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the leading metric for evaluating the environmental impact of a product throughout its lifecycle. From Raw Material Sourcing (Cradle), Manufacturing and Assembly, and Customer Use all the way through to End of Life and Resource Recovery (Cradle) represents a Cradle-to-Cradle analysis. LCA’s can be conducted for various portions of a product’s life, however, when selecting materials for a given application, comparing GWP100 values at only the material level can be misleading. A lack of
Halsband, Adam, Leinemann, Tomke, Beer, Markus, Haiss, Eric
Technical Paper
SPC based Critical Parameters Monitoring of Vendor Supplied Parts by Auto OEM for Quality Control2025-01-8334To be published on 04/01/2025
In Automobile manufacturing, maintaining the Quality of vendor-supplied parts is crucial. This paper introduces a digital tool designed to monitor critical parameters of these parts in real-time. Utilizing Statistical Process Control (SPC) graphs, the tool continuously tracks essential parts and process parameters, predicting potential issues for proactive improvements even before parts are supplied. The tool integrates data from all vendor partners into a single platform, providing a comprehensive view of their performance and the parts they supply. Vendors input data into a digital application, which is then analyzed in the cloud using SPC techniques to predict potential alerts for improvement. These alerts are automatically sent to both vendors and relevant personnel at the OEM, enabling proactive measures to address any quality deviations. 100% data is visualized in an integrated dashboard which acts as a single source of truth for all stakeholders. Real-time monitoring is done
Sahoo, Priyabrata, Bindra, Ritesh, GUPTA, ANKIT, Garg, Vipin, Rawat, Sudhanshu, RAO, AKKINAPALLI VN, Narula, Rahul, Garg, Ishan
Technical Paper
Mechanical Design and Packaging Strategies of a Cell-To-Pack Battery for An Automotive Electric Vehicle Based on Economic & Sport Vehicle Requirements2025-28-0078To be published on 02/07/2025
The world is moving towards a green transportation system. Governments are also pushing for green mobility, especially electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in Europe, China, India, and developing countries. In EVs, the customer's range anxiety and the perceived real-world range are major challenges for the OEMs. The OEMs are moving towards a higher power-to-weight ratio. Energy density plays a crucial role in the battery pack architecture to increase the vehicle range. Higher capacity battery packs are needed to improve the vehicle's range. The battery pack architecture is vital in defining the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The cell-to-pack battery technique aims to achieve a higher power-to-weight ratio by eliminating unnecessary weight in the battery architecture. The design of battery architecture depends on the cell features such as the cell shape & size, cell terminal positions, vent valve position, battery housing strength requirements
K, Barathi Raja
Technical Paper
Toward the Progression of Sustainable Structural Batteries: State-of-the-Art Review13-05-03-002001/02/2025
In order to deploy renewable energy sources for balanced power generation and consumption, batteries are crucial. The large weight and significant drain on the energy efficiency of conventional batteries urge the development of structural batteries storing electrical energy in load-bearing structural components. With the current shift to a green economy and growing demand for batteries, it is increasingly important to find sustainable solutions for structural batteries as well. Sustainable structural batteries (SSBs) have strong attraction due to their lightweight, design flexibility, high energy efficiency, and reduced impact on the environment. Along with sustainability, these structural batteries increase volumetric energy density, resulting in a 20% increase in efficiency and incorporate energy storage capabilities with structural components, realizing the concept of massless energy storage. However, the significant problems in commercializing SSBs are associated with their
Kusekar, Sambhaji Kashinath, Pirani, Mahdi, Birajdar, Vyankatesh Dhanraj, Borkar, Tushar, Farahani, Saeed
Journal Article
Recycling and Resynthesis of Cathode Materials from Lithium-Ion Batteries for EVs2024-36-011012/20/2024
The cost of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by lithium-ion batteries, which typically account for about 40% of the total price, primarily due to the critical minerals content. Notably, minerals for cathode production are prone to scarcity and market price fluctuations. Moreover, the extraction of these minerals through mining activities poses substantial environmental challenges, including carbon emissions and resource depletion. In response to these concerns, recycling emerges as strategic to ensure the sustainability of electrification and secure the mineral supply chain. This paper presents findings from a study on recycling EV batteries using hydrometallurgical processes, encompassing the resynthesis of cathode materials utilizing recycled resources. The hydrometallurgical method exhibited an extraction efficiency surpassing 90%, with no direct CO2 emissions. Validation of the resynthesis phase involved the fabrication of cells with resynthesized cathodes
Obara, Rafael Brisolla, Erthal, Leopoldo, Souza, Cleiton Oliveira, Roggerio, Leonardo, Freitas, Heverson Renan, Lima, Ana Luiza Lorenzen, Bassani, Jean Carlos
Technical Paper
Analysis of Biodiesel Production Worldwide: The Solutions and Consequences Related to Its Addition to Diesel2024-36-010112/20/2024
The goal of this research is to better understand the methodologies for manufacturing biodiesel worldwide and the main raw materials used in its production. We aim to compare the solutions established by relevant countries with those used in Brazil, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. Our primary areas of interest include the United States, Indonesia, and Europe, where we will analyze the solutions and, whenever possible, understand the commercial and political interests involved. We will highlight aspects related to sustainability in the production, transportation, and use of biodiesel. The methodology is based on research from recent publications and news, organized into graphs to facilitate analysis and comparison. Next, we will also examine the consequences of the solutions adopted in Brazil, envisioning future scenarios and recommended paths. In the short term, biodiesel is expected to be replaced by renewable diesel (also known as green diesel in some regions
Labigalini, Marcio Roberto, Barreto, Gilmar
Technical Paper
Integrating Agenda 2030 with Lean practices and Industry 4.0 Technologies: Case Study in an Automotive Industry2024-36-004312/20/2024
Competitive companies constantly seek continuous increases in productivity, quality and services level. Lean Thinking (LT) is an efficient management model recognized in organizations and academia, with an effective management approach, well consolidated theoretically and empirically proven Within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) development concept, manufacturers are confident in the advantages of new technologies and system integration. The combination of Lean and I4.0 practices emerges from the existence of a positive interaction for the evolutionary step to achieve a higher operational performance level (exploitation of finances, workload, materials, machines/devices). In this scenario where Lean Thinking is an excellent starting point to implement such changes with a method and focus on results; that I4.0 offers powerful technologies to increase productivity and flexibility in production processes; but people need to be more considered in processes, in a context aligned with the Industry 5.0
Braggio, Luis, Marinho, Osmar, Soares, Luis, Lino, Alan, Rabelo, Fábio, Muniz, Jorge
Technical Paper
Experimental Analysis of Mixtures Diesel -Hydrogenated Biodiesel Applied in Dynamometer with Diesel Engine 4T BD-5.02024-36-018012/20/2024
Society in actual engineering must promote sustainable developments in new renewable technologies in the transport sector, with resiliency and low greenhouse gas emissions produced. Pollutant emissions must be reduced to obtain an environmental equilibrium and stabilize part of the world’s climate change. With this, the principal objective of this research is to do different blends of diesel- biodiesel and diesel-hydrogenated biodiesel in proportions of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100% to evaluate the performance of these samples of fuels in the internal combustion engine (ICE) diesel, model BD 5.0, connected to dynamometer XL43, located in the engines laboratory of University UFVJM, in Diamantina MG- Brazil at 1384 MASL, to obtain torque and power in different conditions of rotation. These tests were performed with blends of diesel-biodiesel and biodiesel- diesel with bubbling hydrogen (H2). The obtained data were developed with different comparisons, and results showed a positive influence
Barón Pinilla, José D., Silva, N. S., Melo, R. A. A., Santos, Alexandre S., Nery, M. C., Junqueira, H. H. B.
Technical Paper
Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance with Silica Coated Pistons and Cassia Fistula Biodiesel Blends: A Pathway to Cleaner and Efficient Energy2024-01-522212/10/2024
This study investigates the influence of Silica-Diamond-Like Carbon (Si-DLC) coated pistons on performance metrics of diesel engine fuelled with various blends of Cassia Fistula biodiesel (CFBD10, CFBD20, CFBD30, and CFBD40). The primary focus is on key performance metrics, including Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), and Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT). The results demonstrated improvement in BTE and EGT, alongside a reduction in BSEC across all biodiesel blends compared to conventional diesel. Specifically, at full engine load, CFBD10 exhibited a BTE of 33.41%, which is 3.17% higher than neat diesel in the stock engine. At part load and no-load scenarios, improvements of 2% and 0.51% over neat diesel were recorded. During no-load conditions, the BSEC for CFBD10 was measured at 9.901 MJ.kW-hr, 0.738 MJ.kW-hr lower than that of neat diesel. Further increases in Cassia fistula blends resulted in higher BSEC values due to lower calorific content
Veeraraghavan, Sakthimurugan, De Poures, Melvin Victor, Madhu, S., Palani, Kumaran
Technical Paper
Characterization of Graphene and Titanium Carbide Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Composite for Transmission Housings in Automobile2024-01-523112/10/2024
This study presents the mechanical characterization studies on 3 wt.% graphene (Gr) filled magnesium matrix composite reinforced with different weight fractions (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt.%) of titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The matrix is AZ91 alloy, and the nano magnesium composite (NMC) is fabricated via a squeeze casting approach. The lightweight NMC is a potential solution for the automobile industry, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to environmental sustainability. Gr is added to enhance the composite's thermal endurance and mechanical strength. Mechanical and corrosion studies are performed as per the ASTM standards. The inclusion of Gr and 16 wt.% TiC tends to enhance the mechanical durability and corrosion resilience of the NMC when compared with other fabricated composites and cast alloys. The uniform dispersal of NC and TiC and better mould properties lead to better strength. Higher inclusion of TiC (20 wt.%) leads to brittleness, thereby decreasing the
Senthilkumar, N.
Technical Paper
A Method for HPR Critical Routes Identification and Evaluation2024-28-015012/05/2024
Heavy-duty vehicles, particularly those towing higher weights, require a continuous/secondary braking system. While conventional vehicles employ Retarder or Engine brake systems, electric vehicles utilize recuperation for continuous braking. In a state where HV Battery is at 100% of SOC, recuperated energy from vehicle operation is passed on to HPR and it converts electrical energy into waste heat energy. This study focuses on identification of routes which are critical for High Power Brake Resistors (HPRs), by analyzing the elevation data of existing charging stations, the route’s slope distribution, and the vehicle’s battery SOC. This research ultimately suggests a method to identify HPR critical vehicle operational routes which can be useful for energy efficient route planning algorithms, leading to significant cost savings for customers and contributing to environmental sustainability
Thakur, Shivam, Salunke, Omkar, Ambuskar, Mandar, Pandey, Lokesh
Technical Paper
Domestically Produced Bioethanol Contributing to India’s Pursuit of Energy Self-Reliance and De-Carbonization of the Road Transport Sector2024-28-012612/05/2024
This research paper explores India’s energy landscape, critically analyzing the challenges and potential solutions for sustainable development. With aspirations to become the third largest economy in the world, India faces heightened energy demands fueled by economic growth, population expansion, and urbanisation. The country grapples with a heavy reliance on imported crude oil and a substantial carbon footprint from existing primary energy sources, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions. The research paper advocates a multi-fuel strategy, particularly emphasising the promising role of bioethanol. Key stakeholders in India’s bioethanol ecosystem include farmers, Sugar mills/Grain-based distilleries, Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs), Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) of vehicles, consumers, and the government. The National Policy on Biofuels (NPB) aims to boost bioethanol usage, aligning with national energy security, climate change mitigation, and employment generation
Singh, Rajnesh
Technical Paper
An Approach to Reduce Noise Generated by Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles2024-28-021112/05/2024
Electric vehicles are transforming the future of transportation for the world while achieving the goal of sustainable development. While the concept and use of battery-powered vehicles has also penetrated the logistics and supply chain industry, it has also brought upon new challenges during its development. As OEMs strive to develop BEVs with extended range, the components within the propulsion and drivetrain system tend to demand a higher power output from the energy storage systems. This results in BEVs generating higher levels of thermal heat energy, which must be dissipated / rejected for optimal performance and safety. Consequently, to reject this heat, BEVs must utilize thermal management systems with higher capacities. This increase in size is accompanied by the inclusion of many parts that generate noise and contribute to increased noise levels in BEVS. In today’s market, optimization of noise levels is a significant factor when ensuring passenger comfort, while also showing
Shedge, Atharva Vikas, Shalgar, Sandeep, Srivastava, Sarvesh, Nagarhalli, Prasanna V
Technical Paper
Recycling Defunct Satellite Material into a Fuel SourceTBMG-5219812/01/2024
Imagine the Moon as a hub of manufacturing, construction, and even human life. It’s no longer a far-fetched idea baked in science fiction lore — increased interest and investment in space exploration are pushing efforts to develop the technologies needed to make the moon a viable home for humans
Magazine Article
Physicochemical Characterization and Potential Applications of Biodiesel Produced from Industrial Fish Waste2024-01-510611/22/2024
Biofuels are gaining significant global attention as renewable and alternative energy sources, produced from various materials through different extraction methods and conversion processes. Food industry generates not only substantial organic waste, presenting economic and ecological challenges but also potential opportunities for valorization. This study focuses on recovering industrial fish waste from the manufacture of canned tuna, specifically targeting non-food and abundant fish co-products such as heads, bones, skin, and viscera, which constitute nearly 50% of the fish body. The process involves several steps: oil extraction using Soxhlet extraction, purification, and conversion into biodiesel via transesterification, followed by physicochemical analysis. The experiments revealed that 32.41% of fish waste was in the liquid phase (a mixture of hexane and oil), and the extracted oil accounted for 26.56% of the total fish waste weight (from 1.012 kg of waste, approximately 268.78 g
Bousbaa, Hamza, NAIMA, Khatir, Lamia, Medjahed, Benramdane, Mohammed, Balasubramanian, Dhinesh, Johnson, Anish Jafrin Thilak
Technical Paper
NMP–free Lithium Ion for Sustainable Manufacturing in Silent-Watch Applications2024-01-394611/15/2024
ABSTRACT PPG formulates N-methyl pyrrolidone free (NMP−free) cathodes for Li−ion batteries capable of delivering sufficient power for automotive starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) as well as adequate charge capacity for powering auxiliary electronics. In this paper, NMP−free energy cathodes and power cathodes were formulated using developmental binders, and refinement of carbon/binder ratio and slurry mix procedure. Learnings from the energy and power cathode development were conceptually combined in the formulation of capacity enhanced power cathodes. These cathodes were evaluated electrochemically via power capability and rate capability testing in battery coin cells, as well as in 0.5 Ah multilayer pouch cells. Carbon content was found to be a critical factor in attaining high cold crank performance. This work represents significant steps toward potential commercialization of NMP−free cathode coated foil for Li−ion batteries. Citation: S. Esarey, A. Kizzie, C. Woodley, I. Matts
Esarey, Samuel L., Kizzie, Austin, Woodley, Christopher, Matts, Ian, Hellring, Stuart, Zhou, Zhilian, Terrago, Gina
Technical Paper
BRINGING PALADIN INTO THE 21st CENTURY2024-01-345211/15/2024
ABSTRACT The M109A7/M992A3 Paladin Integrated Management (PIM) is a sustainment program designed to bring the M109 Family of Vehicles (FOV) up-to-date and extend the service life of the fleet. PIM consists of the sustainment and upgrade of two military tracked vehicles; the Paladin M109A6 Self Propelled Howitzer (SPH) and the M992A2 Carrier Ammunition, Tracked (CAT). The M109A7/M992A3 program is engineered to improve readiness, avoid component obsolescence, and increase sustainability. These changes will increase the performance of the M109A7/M992A3, eliminate obsolescence issues associated with supplying new parts to the M109A6 and M992A2, and ease the logistics burden within the Artillery Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) through commonality of spares parts. The PIM project has been a multi-phase project with development expected to continue into 2015
Bailey, Bruce, Miller, Mark R., Brinton, Gordon, Swartz, Eric, Hamilton, George, Uetz, Paul, Jochum, Eric, Regmont, Dennis
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Powering EVs Outside of the Grid1348611/07/2024
What if you could power your EV using a streetlight? Or access off-the-grid power units for emergency situations? Beam Global is accomplishing this and much more by building resilience into sustainable energy infrastructure. With innovative products that operate independently of the electrical grid, Beam delivers rapid, infrastructure-free, renewable EV solutions for both urban and emergency applications. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Desmond Wheatley, CEO, Beam Global, to discuss the company's latest product expansions, including a portable desalination unit that converts saltwater into drinking water for disaster relief and conflict zones. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out our video interview with Lucid CEO Peter Rawlinson as we chat about EV efficiency. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Performance Evaluation & Development of Engine Oil with Re-Refined Base Oil for Automotive Applications2024-01-430211/05/2024
The focus on sustainability has encouraged innovation across industries with a growing emphasis on minimizing environmental impact. In the transportation sector, optimizing engine lubricants emerges as a crucial avenue for achieving sustainable performance as used engine oil is the primary lubricants waste stream. Re-Refined Base Oil (RRBO) presents a compelling solution, offering a sustainable alternative to virgin base oils. By reclaiming and reprocessing used oil, RRBO not only minimizes waste but also embodies the ideology of circularity, promoting resource efficiency and environmental conservation. This study presents the collaborative efforts between an Indian Automotive OEM and Lubricant Technology Partner towards the development of engine oil utilizing Re-Refined Base Oil (RRBO) for automotive applications. Specifically, two formulations were targeted: a 5W-30 A5/B5 oil for Bharat Stage IV passenger car usage and a 15W-40 CI4+ oil for Bharat Stage IV commercial vehicle
Tyagarajan, Sethuramalingam, Singh, Samsher, Bondre, Sushil, Thanapathy, Saravana Raja, Dalvi, Preshit
Technical Paper
Leveraging Machine Learning and AI to Automate Wearable Tech DesignTBMG-5194211/01/2024
Defying engineering challenges in record time, researchers at the University of Maryland developed a machine learning model that eliminates hassles in materials design to yield green technologies used in wearable heaters
Magazine Article
Sustainable Technology Finalist: Cosmetic Silica Upcycled from Rice Husk as Natural Alternative to Microplastic PowdersTBMG-5193211/01/2024
Anne-Marie Vincent Dow Silicones Belgium SRL Seneffe, Belgium
Magazine Article
Multi-sensor Fusion-based Vehicle LocalizationEPR202402310/21/2024
Multi-sensor fusion (MSF) is believed to be a promising tool for vehicular localization in urban environments. Due to the differences in principles and performance of various onboard vehicle sensors, MSF inevitably suffers from heterogeneous sources and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Therefore, an essential requirement of MSF is the capability of providing a consumer-grade solution that operates in real-time, is accurate, and immune to abnormal conditions with guaranteed performance and quality of service for location-based applications. In other words, an MSF algorithm depends heavily on data synchronization, cost, an accurate process model, a prior knowledge of covariance matrices, integrity assessments, and security against cyber-attacks. Multi-sensor Fusion-based Vehicle Localization addresses trending technologies in MSF-based vehicle localization and outlines some insights into the unsettled issues and their potential solutions. The discussions and outlook are presented as a
Guo, Ge, Liu, Jiageng, Liu, Guangheng
Research Report
Design and Development of a Micromobility Smart Electric Scooter to Revolutionize Urban Commuting2024-28-002110/17/2024
Urban areas around the world are facing an increasing number of issues, such as air pollution, parking shortages, traffic congestion and inadequate transit options, all of which necessitate innovative solutions. Lot of people are becoming interested in micromobility in urban areas as a replacement for quick excursions and round trips to get to or from transportation services (e.g., Offices, Institutions, Hospitals, Tourist spots, etc.). This research examines the critical role that micromobility plays, concentrating on the effectiveness of micromobility smart electric scooters in resolving urgent urban problems. Micromobility, which includes both human and electric-powered vehicles, presents a viable substitute for normal and short-distance urban commuting. This study presents a micromobility smart electric scooter that is portable and easy to operate, with the goal of transforming urban transportation. 3D model was designed using SOLIDWORKS and analyzed using ANSYS. For strength and
Tappa, Raju, Singh Chowhan, Sri Aanshu, Shaik, Amjad, Maroju, Abhinav, Talluri, Srinivasa Rao
Technical Paper
Integration of AI-Powered Vehicles with Smart City Infrastructure to Transform the Future of Automotive World2024-28-002810/17/2024
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, revolutionizing processes and enhancing efficiency. In the automotive domain, AI's adaption has ushered in a new era of innovation and driving advancements across manufacturing, safety, and user experience. By leveraging AI technologies, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation that is reshaping the way vehicles are manufactured, operated, and experienced. The benefits of AI-powered vehicles are not limited to their manufacturing, operation, and enhancing the user experience but also by integrating AI-powered vehicles with smart city infrastructure can unlock much more potential of the technology and can offer numerous advantages such as enhanced safety, efficiency, growth, and sustainability. Smart cities aim to create more livable, resilient, and inclusive communities by harnessing innovation through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), devices, data
Shrimal, Harsh
Technical Paper
Experimental Investigation of Energy Consumption in Select Micromobility Vehicles13-06-02-001110/16/2024
This study provides a detailed energy consumption analysis of two popular micromobility vehicles—an e-scooter and an e-bike—under various conditions, including steady-state and dynamics scenarios. Employing a custom-built data acquisition system, the research tested these vehicles in throttle mode, additionally assessing the e-bike across three pedal-assist levels. The findings reveal that the e-bike operates significantly more efficiently than the e-scooter, with both vehicles demonstrating peak power outputs significantly exceeding their rated values. Furthermore, the study explores how cargo affects the e-bike’s energy use, along with the charging and discharging behaviors of both platforms. Notably, the e-scooter exhibited a considerable battery self-depletion rate, a characteristic not observed on the e-bike
Pamminger, Michael, Duvall, Andrew, Wallner, Thomas
Journal Article
Rising Star Award Winner 2024: SustainabilityTBMG-5174010/01/2024
Magazine Article
Controlling Aircraft—From Humans to Autonomous Systems: Rise of the MachinesEPR202402009/25/2024
Paris, June 18, 1914: Crowds gathered at the “Concours de la Sécurité en Aéroplane” to witness 21-year-old Lawrence Sperry demonstrate his newly invented gyroscopic stabilizer. With his hands in the air, the device flew his Curtiss C-2 flying boat. Only a decade after the Wright brothers’ initial flight, the first n “autopilot” made its public debut. As impressive as this public demonstration was, it was merely a humble, although spectacular moment of foreshadowing. Even today—110 years later—the process of automating aspects of flight has not yet fully concluded, leading to deteriorating insight into the automatic behavior of aircraft systems, and even the waning of human instincts and intuition. Controlling Aircraft—From Humans to Autonomous Systems: Rise of the Machines covers the distancing of humans from their flying machines through more than a century-long process of “assisting” systems introduction, the positive and negative consequences of this process, and mitigation
David, Aharon
Research Report
GeNp-ODHR: Green Energic and Smart Network Performance Estimation-Based Optimized Deep Hello Routing for Flying Ad Hoc Network12-08-03-002209/24/2024
The emergence of the flying ad hoc network (FANET) has gained popularity after COVID-19 pandemic. Due to disruptions in ground-based monitoring, aerial monitoring has become the preferred approach. Aerial communication has become essential, with multiple aerial vehicles equipped with sensors forming a FANET in a specific geographical area. These vehicles communicate autonomously in an ad-hoc fashion using hello packets, but the periodic transmission of these packets consumes a significant amount of energy. This type of aerial communication is particularly useful in infrastructure-fewer conditions, and the transition from 4G to 5G infrastructure has further facilitated aerial communication. To address limited flight periodicity of aerial vehicles due to onboard battery constraints, a new deep hello routing, GeNp-ODHR has been proposed to optimize the battery consumption and performance, which indirectly extended the flight time by saving the energy. Through simulation-based testing
Saini, Hemant Kumar
Journal Article
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: How "Talking" Cyber Tires Make Driving Safer1347909/24/2024
What if your tires could talk? And your car would listen? Pirelli's new Cyber Tyres use Bluetooth-connected sensors to communicate directly with the car, using data to make adjustments in real time. This information - including temperature and pressure - is vital when it comes to increasing safety. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Pierangelo Misani, Global Head of R&D for Pirelli, to discuss how this game-changing technology and the company's partnership with Bosch is shifting connected tire technology from reactive to proactive. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out our interview with the Polestar CEO about the future of charging
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Active Management of Energy Source in a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Considering Air Contaminants along the Route2024-28-005009/19/2024
One of the major goals of the automotive industry is to improve vehicular fuel efficiency and performance with much lesser percentages of harmful tailpipe emissions. One of the major technologies includes fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Fuel cell electric vehicle can positively affect the transportation industry with regards to increase in the greenhouse gas emission, air pollution. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell that is widely used in commercial vehicles takes hydrogen and oxygen to generate the electricity. Hydrogen stored either in liquid or compressed gas, is supplied from anode end and oxygen from atmosphere is supplied from cathode end. The atmospheric air, which enters fuel cell, also contains pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxides and dioxides (CO, CO2), methane, ammonia etc. Operation of fuel cell in a geographic region, where the concentration of pollutants mentioned is significant leads to adsorption on the catalysts
Bhat, Adithya, Shah, Saurabh, Choubey, Ayush, Barik, Madhusmita, Mallappanavar, Babu, Prasad P, Shilpa
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Why AC Charging Deserves More Attention1347809/16/2024
When it comes to EV charging infrastructure, much of the focus centers on DC fast charging. However, AC charging may be just as important to EV adoption due to its lower cost and simplicity. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Sam Abuelsamid, Principal Research Analyst at Guidehouse Insights, to discuss why AC charging deserves more attention on the journey toward mass EV adoption. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn how Polestar is bringing EV production to the United States
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Robotics Virtual Twins Offer a Simulation-Based Approach to Real-time OperationsTBMG-5140809/01/2024
The automotive industry faces unprecedented regulatory and societal pressure to adopt sustainable manufacturing practices. A recent survey by Accenture shows that more than 34 percent of today’s largest manufacturers have committed to zero-emission goals, yet 93 percent of them will miss their targets unless they double their emission reduction rates by 2030
Magazine Article
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: What is the Future of the Car1347508/27/2024
From autonomy to software to customization, the future of the car is multifaceted. As one of the world's largest suppliers in the automotive space, Magna International uniquely understands this. The company's capabilities span the entire vehicle -- from design to manufacturing to technology -- thus optimizing vehicle performance and shaping the future of the car. To learn more, we sat down with we sat down with Joerg Grotendorst, Senior Vice President, Corporate R&D, Magna, to discuss advancements in electrification and autonomy, innovative design features, and sustainable technologies -- and why a holistic approach to mobility is necessary
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Development of Brake Shoe with Carbon Footprint Reduction2024-36-031108/09/2024
Considered one of the greenest forms of transport, the rail industry is at an exciting point pursuing several key initiatives to decarbonise its operations, assets, and supply chains. Therefore, having a brake shoe with a lower carbon footprint is essential for achieving the goals related to decarbonizing the operation, as it is a wear item. For this purpose, a carbon footprint measurement methodology was applied to the development of a friction material for railway brake shoes in order to reduce the carbon footprint generated in the production of the material, combining a sustainable material with greater durability in operation, thus reducing the total cost of ownership. In order to assess the advantages of the new product, a comparative analysis was carried out of the carbon footprint of the conventional shoe and the new railway shoe proposal, both used in the same application, considering the performance and environmental impact of each raw material and stage of the production
Casagrande, R.B., De Souza, A.R.A., Finimundi, A.V., Pereira, C.H.S, Masotti, D., Rombaldi, R.J., Gotardo, T.
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Experience the Thrill of Going Electric1347208/09/2024
Are you curious about EVs? Experience what it means to go electric at Electrify Expo, North America's largest electric vehicle festival. To learn more about this multi-city exhibition, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with BJ Birtwell, Founder & CEO, Electrify Expo, to discuss his passion for EVs and how giving consumers first-hand EV experiences can positively impact sales decisions. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn about how EVs combat the cold with heat pumps and preconditioning
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Harnessing Wind and Solar Power Via Neural NetworksTBMG-5121108/01/2024
The ongoing transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources has never been more important as climate change and sustainability awareness continue to rise
Magazine Article
Packaging and Processing: Life Sciences Industry Strives to Become More SustainableTBMG-5129408/01/2024
Sustainability remains a dominant trend in packaging and processing, continuing to attract the attention of the life sciences industry and inspire its new initiatives. Although pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers must prioritize patient safety and product protection, concerns about climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, plastic waste, and pressure to move toward a circular economy are prompting a greater focus on improving the sustainability of their products and packaging
Magazine Article
The Role of Sensors in the Big Picture of SustainabilityTBMG-5130408/01/2024
In today’s landscape, sustainability has taken center stage. Technological advancements have made our world more connected than ever and companies everywhere, including those in the medical equipment industry, are focusing on how they can reduce their environmental impact
Magazine Article
Hexagon Agility and Brudeli aim to electrify CNG powertrains24TOFHP08_0708/01/2024
Hexagon Agility announced a collaboration with Norwegian EV transmission supplier Brudeli Green Mobility at the 2024 ACT Expo in Las Vegas. The partnership's goal is the integration of Hexagon Agility's CNG/RNG (compressed/renewable natural gas) systems with Brudeli's plug-in PowerHybrid system. This technology will reportedly offer fleets the capability to maintain diesel ICE duty cycles while providing fuel cost savings and help OEMs achieve global decarbonization goals. “The Brudeli PowerHybrid enables fleet owners to retain the power, performance and fuel cost savings offered by natural gas engines, while simultaneously harnessing the efficiencies of electric,” said Eric Bippus, EVP sales & systems development, Hexagon Agility. “We believe hybrids could play a role in commercial trucking in the future, and we are excited to take an active role bringing that to the market
Wolfe, Matt
Magazine Article
Electric Vehicles: Theory and DesignR-57007/25/2024
Dive into the future of automotive engineering with our latest book, Electric Vehicles: Theory and Design. As the world shifts towards sustainable mobility, this indispensable guide offers a deep dive into the cutting-edge world of electric vehicles (EVs). Authored by an industry expert with a background in combustion engineering, this book bridges the gap between traditional automotive knowledge and the electrified future. From the basics of EV theory to advanced design principles, this book covers every aspect of EV engineering. Whether you're an experienced EV engineer or just entering the field, you'll find invaluable insights, technical requirements, and practical recommendations to navigate the complex world of EV engineering. Forget outdated references – this book delivers up-to-date information on EVs and their essential components, including cutting-edge battery systems, propulsion technology, and intelligent subsystems. Plus, explore the latest trends in electrification
Yuan, Yiqing
Reference
Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid HydrogenEPR202401507/23/2024
Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is playing a key role in decarbonization of the global energy landscape. Its large-scale continuous use in the space industry provides a foundation for transitioning state-of-the-art capabilities to other sectors. Key advancements in materials, cryogenics, and system optimization are being applied to reduce costs and increase performance for various mobile and stationary use cases. However, some unsettled topics remain to be addressed related to production, liquefaction, storage, distribution, safety, and economics. The optimal solutions to these unsettled topics will vary depending on the region, industry sector, and application. Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid Hydrogen provides a brief and balanced assessment of the relevant technologies, established practices, system operations, emerging trends, strategic considerations, and economic drivers. Addressing these unsettled topics is tied to the evolving economic strategies of governmental policies, public and
Moran, Matthew
Research Report
Precision Enhancement in Tough Polylactic Acid Material Extrusion: A Systematic Response Surface Investigation for Sustainable Manufacturing13-05-03-001807/23/2024
This research systematically explores the significant impact of geometrical dimensions within fused deposition modeling (FDM), with a focus on the influence of raster angle and interior fill percentage. Through meticulous experimentation and the application of response surface modeling (RSM), the influence on critical parameters such as weight, length, width at ends, width at neck, thickness, maximum load, and elongation at tensile strength is thoroughly analyzed. The study, supported by ANOVA, highlights the notable effects of raster angle and interior fill percentage, particularly on width at ends, width at neck, and thickness. During the optimization phase, specific parameters—precisely, a raster angle of 31.68 and an interior fill percentage of 27.15—are identified, resulting in an exceptional desirability score of 0.504. These insights, substantiated by robust statistical data, fill a critical gap in the understanding of 3D-printed parts, offering practical recommendations for
Moradi, Mahmoud, Rezayat, Mohammad, Meiabadi, Saleh, Rasoul, Fakhir A., Shamsborhan, Mahmoud, Casalino, Giuseppe, Karamimoghadam, Mojtaba
Journal Article
Exploration of the Impact of Built Environment Factors on Morning and Evening Peak Ridership at Urban Rail Transit Stations: A Case Study of Changsha, China13-06-02-000907/22/2024
To identify the influences of various built environment factors on ridership at urban rail transit stations, a case study was conducted on the Changsha Metro. First, spatial and temporal distributions of the station-level AM peak and PM peak boarding ridership are analyzed. The Moran’s I test indicates that both of them show significant spatial correlations. Then, the pedestrian catchment area of each metro station is delineated using the Thiessen polygon method with an 800-m radius. The built environment factors within each pedestrian catchment area, involving population and employment, land use, accessibility, and station attributes, are collected. Finally, the mixed geographically weighted regression models are constructed to quantitatively identify the effects of these built environment factors on the AM and PM peak ridership, respectively. The estimation results indicate that population density and employment density have significant but opposite influences on the AM and PM peak
Su, Meiling, Liu, Ling, Chen, Xiyang, Long, Rongxian, Liu, Chenhui
Journal Article
Increasing Agricultural Yields, Efficiency, and Sustainability with AITBMG-5111907/16/2024
Magazine Article
Optimizing Power Consumption in Machining Nickel-Based Superalloys: Strategies for Energy Efficiency13-05-03-001707/11/2024
In the face of the world’s population growth and ensuing demands, the industrial sector assumes a crucial role in the management of limited energy supplies. Superalloys based on nickel, which are well-known for their remarkable mechanical qualities and resilience to corrosion, are now essential in vital applications like rocket engines, gas turbines, and aviation. However, these metals’ toughness presents a number of difficulties during machining operations, especially with regard to power consumption. This abstract explores the variables that affect power consumption during the machining of superalloys based on nickel in great detail and suggests ways to improve energy efficiency in this area. The effects of important variables on power consumption are extensively investigated, including cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry, and cooling/lubrication techniques. A careful balance between these factors is necessary to maximize machining efficiency and reduce power usage
Başaran, Alper, Özer, Mahmut, Kazan, Hakan
Journal Article
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: The Supplier's Role in Achieving Sustainability1346607/10/2024
When people think of sustainability in the automotive world, they typically focus on the automaker. But the reality is that sustainability goals cannot be met without suppliers. GKN Automotive is a Tier 1 supplier of driveline components, all-wheel drive systems, and plug-in hybrid solutions. Listen in as Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sits down with Tom Salisbury, Director of Sustainability, GKN Automotive, to discuss the company's sustainability goals, working toward a net zero supply chain, and responsible sourcing practices. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There you can learn about the adoption of SAE standard J3400 (also known as NACS or the Tesla port) and what it means for the future of charging EVs
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Advancing Low-Carbon Building Materials for ConstructionTBMG-5107907/09/2024
“Everything old is new again and that is precisely why we’ve been investigating rammed earth construction,” said Sumi Siddiqua, Civil Engineering Professor and Lead Researcher with The University of British Columbia’s Advanced Geomaterials Testing Lab. Siddiqua is part of a research group at UBC Okanagan that’s revisiting old building practices — the use of byproducts and cast-offs — as a way to improve building materials and sustainability of the trade
Magazine Article
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