Browse Topic: Environmental regulations and standards
The next-gen 15-liter diesel engine meets all 2027 EPA emissions regulations while boosting fuel efficiency. Cummins provided extensive details of the design and engineering efforts involved in developing the new HELM version of its X15 diesel engine. The company says its new engine will offer up to a 7% improvement in fuel economy compared to the current EPA 2024-certified X15 while also meeting all 2027 emissions targets. Truck & Off-Highway Engineering was invited to tour the company's headquarters in Columbus, Indiana, where journalists were given a comprehensive update on the hardware powering the latest X15
Spark ignition engines utilize catalytic converters to reform harmful exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen into less harmful products. Aftertreatment devices require the use of expensive catalytic metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium. Meanwhile, tightening automotive emissions regulations globally necessitate the development of high-performance exhaust gas catalysts. So, automotive manufactures must balance maximizing catalyst performance while minimizing production costs. There are thousands of different recipes for catalytic converters, with each having a different effect on the various catalytic chemical reactions which impact the resultant tailpipe gas composition. In the development of catalytic converters, simulation models are often used to reduce the need for physical parts and testing, thus saving significant time and money. However, calibration of these models can be challenging and requires significant time
The context for real-world emissions compliance has widened with the anticipated implementation of EU7 emissions regulations. The more stringent emissions limits and deeper real-world driving test fields of EU7 make compliance more challenging. While EU6 emissions legislation provided clear boundaries by which vehicle and powertrain Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) could develop and calibrate against, EU7 creates additional challenges. To ensure that emissions produced during any real-world driving comply with legal limits, physical testing conducted in-house and in-field to evaluate emissions compliance of a vehicle and powertrain will not be sufficient. Given this, OEMs will likely need to incorporate some type of virtual engineering to supplement physical testing. In this respect, the HORIBA Intelligent Lab virtual engineering toolset has been created and deployed to produce empirical digital twins of a modern light-duty electrified gasoline Internal Combustion Engine (ICE
The water droplet erosion (WDE) on high-speed rotating wheels appears in several engineering fields such as wind turbines, stationary steam turbines, fuel cell turbines, and turbochargers. The main reasons for this phenomenon are the high relative velocity difference between the colliding particles and the rotor, as well as the presence of inadequate material structure and surface parameters. One of the latest challenges in this area is the compressor wheels used in turbochargers, which has a speed up to 300,000 rpm and have typically been made of aluminum alloy for decades, to achieve the lowest possible rotor inertia. However, while in the past this component was only encountered with filtered air, nowadays, due to developments in compliance with tightening emission standards, various fluids also collide with the spinning blades, which can cause mechanical damage. One such fluid is the condensed water in the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation channel (LP-EGR) formulated at cold
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is an optimized technology developed to encounter current BS6 Emission Regulations. AdBlue is the reductant used in the SCR Dosing system to eliminate NOx in the Exhaust gas. In order to ensure engine emissions compliance, insufficient or improper reductant in tank required to be detected. The right AdBlue concentration of 32.5% is highly necessary to attain the higher NOX conversion efficiency. Low concentration of the reductant will drastically reduce the NOx conversion in the system. Hence monitoring the AdBlue concentration in the tank itself is more important as per the OBD legislation. This implies on a physical quality sensor in the tank for detecting the reductant concentration. The functionalities of the quality sensor can also be instituted via a virtual software modelling called Improper Reductant Detection (IRD). IRD logic is highly robust and work competently to meet the BS6 stage 2 legislation’s NOx target. The reductant is suspected
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