Browse Topic: Metals

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Application of Electrochemical Noise Analysis for Rapid Assessment of Corrosion Resistance in Anodized AlSi Alloys2026-01-0803To be published on 09/14/2026
Aluminum-Silicon (AlSi) alloys are widely used in the automotive industry due to their excellent combination of low density, castability and mechanical properties. However, AlSi alloys are characterized by a native Aluminum oxide layer, only a few nanometers thick, which provides insufficient protection against corrosive environments. Anodizing is widely recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the corrosion resistance of AlSi alloys by forming a thick, micrometric Aluminum oxide layer. The capability of the anodic layer, as obtained using anodizing, to protect against corrosive media, is typically evaluated using Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) tests, in accordance with ISO 9227:2022. This type of test is based on the visual evaluation of the aesthetic appearance of the corroded components and is therefore strongly affected by a certain degree of subjectivity. In addition, NSS tests typically require hundreds of hours, thus imposing significant time constraints on the validation of
Abello, Mary Angel, Mezzomo, Lorenzo, Mataloni, Valentina, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bertasi, Federico
Influence of Ferritic Nitrocarburizing with Smart-ONC® on the Modal and Damping Behavior of Gray Cast Iron Brake Rotors2026-01-0798To be published on 09/14/2026
Ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC) with Smart-ONC® post-oxidation has been developed as a production-capable surface engineering solution for gray cast iron (GCI) brake rotors to meet the Euro 7 non-exhaust particulate emission limits. While prior investigations have demonstrated significant PM₁₀ reduction, improved corrosion resistance, and stable braking performance, the influence of FNC on noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance requires systematic evaluation. This study quantified the relative contributions of the alloy composition, rotor geometry, and FNC treatment to the modal frequency and damping behavior. Seven ventilated disc types from multiple foundries were characterized to assess the composition-driven variability. In addition, 120 production discs (ventilated and solid) were measured before and after FNC processing to isolate the treatment effects. Modal properties were obtained using impulse-hammer testing under free-free boundary conditions in accordance with
Awe, Samuel Ayowole, Holly, Mike, Winter, Karl-Michael
Cast-In Brake Disc – An affordable lightweight design for passenger car brake discs2026-01-0821To be published on 09/14/2026
To meet evolving automotive demands, Fritz Winter is developing new lightweight brake discs. While alternatives to traditional cast iron discs exist, aluminum compound versions are too costly, and mechanically joined steel hat discs present complex assembly and tolerancing challenges. Fritz Winter’s engineering objective was to create a reliable method for joining a steel hat with a cast iron friction ring directly during the production process. This composite design significantly reduces vehicle weight, without compromising durability, comfort, or NVH performance. The methodology involves inserting a finished, stamped steel hat (2.5 to 3 mm thick) into the casting mold and then casting the friction ring directly onto it. This process eliminates the need for subsequent machining of the hat. During development, several key challenges were overcome. A patent-pending sealing process was created to prevent liquid iron from spilling onto the steel hat. To ensure a strong bond and prevent
von Reth, Thomas
Study on the Friction Characteristics of Disc Brakes with Ceramic Surfaces for High Performance Vehicle2026-01-0827To be published on 09/14/2026
In this study, various methods were reviewed to simultaneously satisfy the high-temperature braking performance required for high-performance vehicles and the brake dust criteria by environmental regulations. Among them, the characteristics of two types of Brake disc with ceramic composite surfaces were evaluated to prevent disc wear even under the condition of using metallic friction materials with excellent fade performance. As a result of the evaluation, carbon ceramic disc without metal-to-metal contact during braking showed superior characteristics compared to hard metal cladding disc.
Kim, Yoon Cheol, yeongwoo, cho, KIM, YOUNGMIN
Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Prediction of Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron Brake Disks Using Advanced Material Models and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics2026-01-0816To be published on 09/14/2026
A comprehensive thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) life prediction methodology is developed for cast iron brake disks. The approach employs transient temperature fields as thermal loads in a nonlinear structural finite-element analysis (FEA). To obtain reliable stress and strain histories for cast iron, a time- and temperature-dependent plasticity model is required that captures viscous effects, nonlinear kinematic hardening, and tension–compression asymmetry. For this purpose, a unified elasto-viscoplastic Chaboche constitutive model coupled with damage is developed and implemented as a user material subroutine (UMAT) in the general-purpose FEA software Abaqus by Dassault Systèmes. In addition, a mechanism-based short-crack TMF model is extended to three-dimensional stress states under transient non-proportional loading conditions for TMF life prediction. The material parameters of the constitutive and the damage models are identified for lamellar graphite cast iron using isothermal and
Lee, Heewook, Garcia, Arnoldo, Liu, Yi, Hazime, Radwan, Boughanmi, Heni, Kassir, Abdallah
Effect of the Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure of the Cu-10Fe Alloys during Warm Rolling2026-99-1629To be published on 07/24/2026
Cu-Fe alloys exhibit excellent performance, and increasing Fe content reduces costs. However, high-Fe Cu-Fe alloys exhibit limited formability at room temperature, while warm rolling improves their processability. This research investigates the effect of rolling temperature on the microstructural transformations and texture development in the Cu-10Fe alloys. The experimental result is that during cold rolling, the morphology of Fe phases is mainly fibrous. With the rolling temperature rising, the microstructural morphology of Fe phases becomes globular / elliptical. The difference is that with the increase in rolling temperature, the average grain size of the Cu-10Fe alloy first decreases and then increases. The matrix microstructure remains dominated by deformed grains, with significant recovery observed at 500 °C. The Fe-phase microstructure primarily consists of substructured grains, and dynamic recovery intensifies with rising temperature. During cold rolling, high dislocation
Lin, Baosen, Huang, Su, Wang, Dongxiao, Li, Jianping
Study on the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Ultracrosslinked Network Hydrogels2026-99-1642To be published on 07/24/2026
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Chen, Ruini, Lu, Bing
Research on the Microstructure and Properties of X80 Steel Circumferential Welds Under Different Automatic Welding Processes2026-99-1636To be published on 07/24/2026
Two sets of X80 pipes with a diameter of 1219 mm × 27.5 mm were welded using a fully automatic welding process (GMAW) and a combined automatic welding process (GTAW + FCAW-G), respectively. By analyzing the microstructure, strength, impact toughness, and fracture toughness of welded joints, the differences in microstructure and properties of circumferential weld joints under different automatic welding processes were studied. The results showed that the design of multi-layer and multi-pass welding and appropriate heat input controlled the microstructure of the weld seam and heat-affected zone area of the circumferential weld joint. Both automatic welding processes obtained welded joints with finer microstructure, thereby ensuring the strength and toughness of the joint. The tensile strength and yield strength of the welded joints under two automatic welding processes reach over 680 MPa and 600 MPa, respectively. The welded joints under both automatic welding processes have good impact
Liu, Jian, Niu, Huli, Wang, Hong, Sun, Xinyan, Yang, Huaqing, Bai, Qian
Research on the Precision of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy Plate Incremental Forming Assisted by Electric Pulse2026-99-1606To be published on 07/24/2026
This paper introduces the electroplastic effect into the sheet metal incremental forming process, using 2A12 aluminum alloy as the research material. An orthogonal experiment was designed, and the results were analyzed using range analysis and matrix analysis methods. The influence of electric current, frequency, and traditional incremental forming parameters on the forming accuracy of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheets was investigated. The results show that the introduction of pulse current can improve the forming accuracy of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheet. And within a certain range, as the electric current increases, the geometry accuracy of the part is significantly improved. Based on two accuracy indicators—average springback amount and springback angle, a comprehensive analysis determined that the optimal forming parameters are electric current 375 A, feed rate 600 mm/min, step size 0.6 mm, tool diameter 12 mm, and current frequency 400 Hz.
Pan, Fei, Zhao, Quanguang, Huang, Xu, Fang, Jinxiu
Research on the Damage Behavior of the Aluminum Alloy Nozzle Closure in Solid Rocket Motor during the Bursting Process2026-99-1612To be published on 07/24/2026
When the aluminum alloy closure of the solid rocket motor nozzle is opened, tearing occurs at the root of the adhesive surface, which belongs to damage failure under a complex stress state. To help in the prediction and control of blasting pressure and nozzle closure failure morphology, this work designed and manufactured various shapes of 1060 aluminum alloy test specimens, performed damage tests, and calibrated the damage constitutive model parameters. The results gathered were utilized to create a finite element model of the nozzle aluminum alloy closure, and the blasting procedure was calculated. We conducted air pressure explosive tests on closures to confirm the finite element results. The numerical predictions and experimental results are very consistent, and the closure breaks along the adhesive surface. The constitutive characteristics obtained during material testing accurately characterize the closure’s damage process, providing a theoretical framework for the design and
Jia, Kai, Li, Weinan
Research on the Hysteresis Performance of Welded Hollow Spherical Joints under Low Temperature2026-99-1641To be published on 07/24/2026
The extreme cold environment has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of welded hollow ball nodes, which are crucial components in large-span steel structures. In this paper, based on the comprehensive test data of drum-shaped welded hollow sphere nodes from Beijing Daxing International Airport, a sophisticated finite element model incorporating welding residual stress is established. Through detailed static loading analysis and systematic hysteresis performance studies, the research thoroughly explores the influence mechanisms of low temperature on node bearing capacity, deformation capability, and energy dissipation performance. The investigation reveals that while the bearing capacity of the nodes increases significantly in low-temperature environments, both their plastic deformation capacity and energy consumption performance are notably reduced. These findings provide valuable theoretical references for the design and optimization of large-span mesh frame structures
Luo, Yanzhi, Jin, Changming
A Virtual-Physical Mapping Model for Aluminum Alloy Pitting Corrosion2026-99-1611To be published on 07/24/2026
Corrosion critically damages structural strength and affects the structural safety, so there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately model and predict corrosion. Digital twin technology offers new methodologies for corrosion research. This study develops a digital twin-enabled virtual-reality mapping model for simulating aluminum alloy pitting corrosion. The model accounts for the effect of temperature on corrosion and establishes temporal correlations between field conditions and simulations through damage factor (DF) analysis coupled with detailed fatigue rating (DFR) methodology. Experimental validation using 7A04 aluminum specimens confirms the model’s reliability, with maturity analysis demonstrating its applicability in aircraft corrosion research. Through numerical simulation methods, this study simulates the evolutionary law of pitting corrosion development, reflecting the level of structural pitting corrosion damage. This investigation establishes a fundamental
Lv, Shengli, Liu, Chenglong, Sun, Jingjue
Research on Magnetic Measurement and Evolution Characterization of Fatigue Damage in Ferromagnetic Materials2026-99-1651To be published on 07/24/2026
To address the detection and monitoring needs of fatigue damage in ferromagnetic materials, this paper proposes a nondestructive testing method based on the evolution of magnetic hysteresis characteristics. By constructing a hysteresis loop measurement system, the variation patterns of coercivity (Hc) in Q235 steel specimens under cyclic loading were investigated, revealing three-phase characteristics of fatigue damage: the initial linear growth phase (N ≤ 8,000), the rapid rise phase (8,000 < N ≤ 12,000), and the stable oscillation phase (N > 12,000). Experimental results demonstrate that the relationship between coercivity and damage degree (D) can effectively characterize the processes of crack initiation, propagation, and instability, with significant inflection points observed at D = 0.6 and D = 0.8. The quantitative model based on coercivity provides a novel method for early warning and condition assessment of fatigue damage, offering advantages such as non-contact operation and
Chen, Li, Ding, Keqin
Research on the Fabrication of Composite Lattice by the Expandable Mold Method2026-99-1649To be published on 07/24/2026
Advanced composite materials have garnered widespread attention in the aerospace and other fields with stringent weight requirements, owing to their superior properties, such as lightweight, high strength, high modulus, and corrosion resistance. Compared with traditional metal materials, advanced composite materials can reduce structural weight by 30%. Lattice structures possess unique characteristics, including high designability, low cost, and high damage tolerance. As a specialized reinforced structure, they have been identified as one of the key structural configurations for next-generation aircraft. Composite lattice structures, which integrate the advantages of composite materials and lattice architectures, provide an ideal structural material for achieving lightweight and multifunctional aerospace equipment. However, due to the intricate geometries and diverse functional design requirements of lattice structures, the fabrication of these structures presents significant
Han, Shuhao, Lv, Zhen, Ma, Cheng, Xiu, Zhifeng, Song, Yanhua
Study on Mechanical Performances and Fatigue Life of the Compensation Ropes in High-Speed Railway Contact Network2026-99-05157/10/2026
The compensation rope is a special steel wire rope used as a driving component in the ratchet device. The compensation rope will endure severe random cycling loading during service time, which will lead to fatigue failures and catastrophic disasters. Experimental studies are hard to mimic the practical working conditions and time consuming, therefore, this study establishes a finite element model of the compensation rope and simulates the stress distribution under axial tensile and bending loads. Fatigue life is analysed based on both stress and strain fatigue theories under alternating tensile and bending loads. The results indicate that under axial tensile loads, the stress in the outermost wires of the core strands of the compensation rope is the largest, with the minimum fatigue life. As the stress ratio of the alternating tensile load increases, the fatigue life also improves due to smaller stress amplitudes. Under the conditions of bending loads, the outermost wires of the
Du, Fei, Cong, Jiajia, Bian, Haoxiang, Zhu, Junchen, Zhao, Aiguo
Effect of Micro-Morphology on Thermal Radiation Properties of TC4 Alloy2026-99-05127/10/2026
With the development of manned spaceflight and deep space exploration, TC4 alloy has been used for the structure design of aircraft due to its excellent characteristics. Thermal radiation properties (solar absorptance and hemispheric emittance) of TC4 alloy are becoming important design indices. We investigated TC4 alloys with different surface morphologies and the effect of micro-morphology on thermal radiation properties. The results show that the solar absorptance of the alloys is sensitive to surface roughness and microstructure. As the surface roughness or crack increases, solar absorptance increases. Hemispheric emittance of the alloys increases as surface roughness is added, but it is insensitive to the micro-nanostructure of the alloys.
Liu, Yang, Zhu, Xiaoxi, Ren, Chaolong, Li, Dasong, Wan, Lei, Huang, Feiyu
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IB-994_VOLUME17/1/2026
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IIB-994_VOLUME27/1/2026
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
Integrated DC Boost Charger in Post-800V Architecture with Open-End Winding Machine – Magnetic-Domain Modelling and Torque Analysis2026-01-07397/1/2026
Next-generation powertrain architectures proposed within EU Horizon projects adopt operating voltages above 800 V, providing improvements in efficiency as well as reductions in copper usage and system weight. However, post-800 V vehicles must remain backward compatible with existing 400 V and 800 V charging infrastructure, which requires the installation of an additional onboard DC boost charging unit on the vehicle. This paper proposes an integrated DC boost charging solution that reutilizes the open-end winding electric machine and the traction inverter of the electric powertrain, enabling backward compatibility while further reducing system cost and weight. In charging mode, the electric machine is repurposed as a passive inductive component, imposing a strict requirement of stationary operation with zero torque generation, which fundamentally differs from the driving mode characterized by rotor rotation and electromagnetic torque production. Consequently, conventional electric
Wang, Haoran, Kallur-Krishnamoorthy, Rajesh, Neuhaus, Christoph, Andert, Jakob
Low-Temperature Internal Heating of Lithium-Ion Cells by Zero-Mean Square-Wave Current Excitation: Thermal Response and Aging Effects2026-01-07537/1/2026
Current lithium-ion batteries should generally only be charged above 0 °C, as charging below this temperature can promote lithium plating and irreversible degradation. However, conventional pack-level heating elements increase system mass and design complexity. In addition, heat is transferred from outside into the cell, causing the temperature inside the cell to rise slowly. This study evaluates internal Joule heating of cylindrical Li-ion cells using a zero-mean square-wave current excitation and quantifies the associated aging impact. LG INR21700-M50L cells were tested at 0 °C, −10 °C, and −20 °C with three excitation frequencies (50 Hz, 1 Hz, 10 mHz) at 5 A amplitude. Each cycle consisted of 30 min heating followed by 60 min cooling; reference capacity-based state of health (SOH) was assessed every 50 cycles up to 400 cycles. A maximum surface temperature rise of 14.3 K was achieved, with larger temperature rise at lower ambient temperature and lower excitation frequency. Capacity
Raiber, Stefan, Allmendinger, Frank, Degler, David, Parschau, Anke
Key Modeling Considerations for Reliable FEM-Based Demagnetization Evaluation of IPMSM2026-01-07417/1/2026
The reduction of heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium and terbium, which are associated with high cost, geopolitical risk, and sustainability concerns, is a key objective in the electromagnetic design of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) for traction applications. Since these elements are the primary contributors to magnet intrinsic coercivity, their minimization increases the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets. In IPMSM designs with reduced heavy rare earth content, it is therefore necessary to operate close to the demagnetization limit of the permanent magnets and accurately identify them. Consequently, a precise and reliable finite element method (FEM) based prediction of demagnetization robustness is essential for systematic and material efficient machine design. This paper investigates the key factors required for reliable assessment of demagnetization robustness in IPMSM using electromagnetic FEM. Unlike existing literature
Malner, Max, Naumoski, Hristian, Gretzinger, Stefan, Izquierdo, Patrick, Kulzer, Andre Casal
Optimization of a Halbach array as NVH Mitigation Technique in a Yokeless and Segmented Armature Axial Flux Machine2026-01-07547/1/2026
This paper presents the optimization of a Halbach magnet array applied to an axial flux machine (AFM) in a 12-pole, 18-slots yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology, evaluated in the torque–speed characteristics diagram. AFMs offer significant advantages in terms of compact design and high torque density compared to other permanent magnet machine topologies. However, noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance is strongly influenced by cogging torque, electromagnetic torque ripple, and tooth forces. While Halbach magnet arrays are well established in high-performance radial flux machines, only limited research has investigated their influence in AFMs. A Halbach array concentrates magnetic flux on one side of the magnet arrangement, leading to increased air gap flux density and a strongly reduced need of a back iron yoke under the magnets. By using a Halbach array, the magnetic field distribution in the air gap becomes more sinusoidal, thereby reducing harmonic components
Müller, Karsten, Schulz, Fabian, Bremer, Martin, Burkhardt, Yves, De Gersem, Herbert
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, and Forgings 12Cr - 9Ni - 2Mo – 0.7Al – 0.3Ti Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5928 (Current)6/24/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Powder, Chromium Carbide Plus Nickel-Chromium Alloy 75Cr3C2 + 25 (80Ni - 20Cr Alloy)AMS7875F (Current)6/24/2026
This specification covers a blend of chromium carbide and a nickel-chromium alloy in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
High-Strength Carbon and Alloy Die Drawn SteelsJ935_202606 (Current)6/22/2026
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide basic information on properties and characteristics of high-strength carbon and alloy steels which have been subjected to special die drawing. This includes both cold drawing with heavier-than-normal drafts and die drawing at elevated temperatures.
Metals Technical Committee
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Additive Manufacturing Certified for Aerospace135736/22/2026
When aircrafts are lighter, they use less fuel and are easier to maintain. That's why major airline manufacturers are increasingly using titanium and carbon in their construction. Norsk Titanium is the only high deposition rate additive manufacturing company that is FAA-approved and OEM-qualified for structural titanium parts--and their wire-based manufacturing process reduces material waste by up to 50%. Listen in as we sit down with Philip Riegler, Product Quality Manager, to explore how additive manufacturing is transforming aerospace production, from lightweight titanium structural components to large-format printed parts for commercial and defense aircraft. From serial production programs with Airbus and Boeing to future applications in aerospace, defense, and space, this conversation dives into the realities of certifying 3D-printed flight hardware, scaling additive manufacturing globally, and why titanium supply chain pressures are pushing the industry toward a new era of
Patterson, Lori
Titanium Alloy, Welding Wire, 6Al - 4VAMS4954M (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of wire for welding filler metal (see 8.5).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Titanium Welding Wire, Commercially Pure, Environment Controlled PackagingAMS4951L (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers one grade of commercially pure titanium in the form of wire for welding filler metal (see 8.5).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Core, Flexible Honeycomb, Aluminum Alloy, Treated for Sandwich Construction, 5052, 350 Fahrenheit (177 Celsius)AMS4178H (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of honeycomb core in a non-hexagonal, flexible cell configuration with the core being treated for increased corrosion resistance and furnished only in the expanded form (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Plate, 8.1Zn - 2.3Mg - 1.0Cu - Zr (7449-T7651), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and OveragedAMS4250D (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.250 to 4.000 inches (6.35 to 102.0 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Titanium Alloy, Welding Wire, 8Al - 1Mo - 1VAMS4955K (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of welding wire (see 8.5).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Titanium Alloy, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings, 6.0Al - 4.0V, Annealed, Heat Treatable, Modified StrengthAMS4963F (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and flash-welded rings up through 3.999 inches (101.57 mm), inclusive, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading (see 8.6).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6.0Al - 4.0V, Extra Low Interstitial, AnnealedAMS4907N (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate on product 0.008 to 3.000 inches (0.20 to 76.20 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-O), AnnealedAMS4476B (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing up to 5.000 inches (127.00 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least thickness between parallel sides (bars, rods, wire, profiles) or nominal wall thickness (tubing) (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Cobalt Alloy, High Temperature Brazing Filler Metal 50Co - 8.0Si - 19Cr - 17Ni - 4.0W - 0.80B 2050 to 2100 °F (1121 to 1149 °C) Solidus-Liquidus RangeAMS4783H (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a cobalt alloy in the form of wire, rod, strip, foil, and powder and a viscous mixture (paste) of the powder in a suitable binder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Titanium Alloy Powder, 6Al - 4VAMS4998G (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Alloy Wire, Round, 35Pd - 30Ag - 14Cu - 10Au - 10Pt - 1Zn, Solution Heat TreatedAMS7735F (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a palladium-silver alloy in the form of round wire 0.004 to 0.080 inch (0.10 to 2.03 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Rolled or Cold-Finished, Bars, Rods, Wire, and Flash-Welded Rings, Annealed, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-O)AMS4115L (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold-finished bars, rods, wire, and flash-welded rings and of stock for flash-welded rings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Metal Injection Molded Nickel Based Alloy 718 Parts Hot Isostatically Pressed, Solutioned and AgedAMS5917 (Current)6/19/2026
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of metal injection molded (MIM) parts.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Titanium Alloy Wire, 44.5 Cb (Nb)AMS4982H (Current)6/19/2026
The specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of wire (see 8.5).
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Chord Method of Evaluating Surface Microstructural CharacteristicsARP1820C (Current)6/18/2026
This practice provides a method for evaluating microhardness and microstructure very close (0.002 inch (0.051 mm) or less) to the surface of a disk specimen. Specific accept/reject criteria for partial decarburization (3.7.1), inadvertent carburization/nitriding (3.7.3), total decarburization/intergranular oxidation (3.8), and other characteristics evaluated are to be found in the applicable specification where this ARP is referenced.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Maraging and Other Highly Alloyed Steels, and Iron AlloysAMS2248H (Current)6/15/2026
This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of composition of cast and wrought corrosion and heat-resistant steels and alloys, maraging and other highly alloyed steels, and iron alloy parts and materials acquired from a producer.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel-Copper Alloy, Corrosion Resistant, Tubing, Seamless 67Ni - 31Cu AnnealedAMS4574F (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy in the form of seamless tubing.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Castings, 7.0Si - 0.58Mg - 0.15Ti (E357.0-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4288A (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings (see 8.10).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Phosphor Bronze, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 94.5Cu - 4.0Sn - 0.19P, Spring Temper (H08)AMS4510K (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers a copper alloy (phosphor bronze) in the form of sheet, strip, and plate (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel PartsAMS2759/7F (Current)6/15/2026
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment covered in AMS2759, establishes the requirements and procedures for three classes of gas, vacuum, liquid, and low-pressure carburizing (LPC) and related heat treatment of parts fabricated from carburizing-grade steels. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer. This specification does not cover pack carburizing.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock, 1.4Mn - 1.5Si - 0.30Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.40Mo (0.23 - 0.28C) (HY-TUF), Premium Aircraft-Quality, Consumable Electrode Vacuum MeltedAMS6425G (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, and mechanical tubing 225 square inches (1452 cm2) and under in cross-sectional area and forging stock of any size.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Plate, 4.0Zn - 2.0Mg - 0.32Mn (7019-T651), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Artificially AgedAMS4409B (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.500 to 4.500 inches (12.7 to 114.3 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Design-Driven Sustainability of Automotive Components: A Comparative LCA from Conventional to Metal and Composite Additive Manufacturing2026-37-00376/9/2026
The increasing pressure to decarbonize manufacturing systems is pushing industry beyond conventional lightweighting strategies toward material and process paradigms, capable of delivering functional performance with radically lower environmental impact. In this context, polymer-based composite Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers an underexplored yet highly promising pathway for sustainable production of load-bearing components. This study presents a preliminary comparative cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Formula SAE brake pedal, assessing the environmental transition from conventional sheet metal fabrication and finishing operations of Aluminum 7075-T6 to additive manufacturing solutions, with specific focus on Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. Two topology-optimized designs, respectively for Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) in AlSi10Mg and Material Extrusion (MEX) in Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol with Carbon Fiber (PETG-CF) are compared to conventional
Dalpadulo, Enrico, Russo, Mario, Apté MD, Raphaëlle, Leali, Francesco
Investigation of the Combustion of Stearic Acid-Coated Pure Aluminum Powder as Additives in Biodiesel and Diesel Blends04-19-02-00106/8/2026
In the present study, research was conducted to increase the combustion efficiency in a diesel engine by adding 100 and 200 ppm aluminum powder to diesel and biodiesel (produced from 10% spent coffee ground oil and 90% waste cooking oil) blends. Aluminum powder is a flammable metal. Due to this feature, it has been used as an additive to liquid fuels in many studies in the literature. In general, it has been reported that thermal efficiency increases with the addition of aluminum particles. However, the high explosion sensitivity of aluminum can affect its stable combustion. In addition, Al is a metal that can be easily oxidized. Therefore, coating aluminum is considered a good solution. Stearic acid has been suggested in the literature as a suitable material for coating aluminum. In this study, stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid, was used to coat aluminum particles. Stearic acid is a good surfactant, hydrophobic substance, and plasticizer. It is also a more environmentally friendly
Kül, Volkan Sabri, Akansu, Selahaddin Orhan, Sarıtaş, Mehmet
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