Browse Topic: Ferrous metals

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Optimization of a Halbach array for torque ripple reduction in a Yokeless And Segmented Armature axial flux machine2026-01-0754To be published on 07/01/2026
This paper presents the optimization of a Halbach magnet array applied to an axial flux machine (AFM) in a 12-pole, 18-slots yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology, evaluated in the torque–speed characteristics diagram. AFMs offer significant advantages in terms of compact design and high torque density compared to other permanent magnet machine topologies. However, noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance is strongly influenced by cogging torque, electromagnetic torque ripple, and tooth forces. While Halbach magnet arrays are well established in high-performance radial flux machines, only limited research has investigated their influence in AFMs. A Halbach array concentrates magnetic flux on one side of the magnet arrangement, leading to increased air-gap flux density and a more sinusoidal magnetic field distribution. By using a Halbach array, the magnetic field distribution in the air gap becomes more sinusoidal, thereby reducing harmonic components. Previous
Müller, Karsten, Schulz, Fabian, Bremer, Martin, Burkhardt, Yves, De Gersem, Herbert
Chord Method of Evaluating Surface Microstructural CharacteristicsARP1820C (Current)6/18/2026
This practice provides a method for evaluating microhardness and microstructure very close (0.002 inch (0.051 mm) or less) to the surface of a disk specimen. Specific accept/reject criteria for partial decarburization (3.7.1), inadvertent carburization/nitriding (3.7.3), total decarburization/intergranular oxidation (3.8), and other characteristics evaluated are to be found in the applicable specification where this ARP is referenced.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel PartsAMS2759/7F (Current)6/15/2026
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment covered in AMS2759, establishes the requirements and procedures for three classes of gas, vacuum, liquid, and low-pressure carburizing (LPC) and related heat treatment of parts fabricated from carburizing-grade steels. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer. This specification does not cover pack carburizing.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock, 1.4Mn - 1.5Si - 0.30Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.40Mo (0.23 - 0.28C) (HY-TUF), Premium Aircraft-Quality, Consumable Electrode Vacuum MeltedAMS6425G (Current)6/15/2026
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, and mechanical tubing 225 square inches (1452 cm2) and under in cross-sectional area and forging stock of any size.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Maraging and Other Highly Alloyed Steels, and Iron AlloysAMS2248H (Current)6/15/2026
This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of composition of cast and wrought corrosion and heat-resistant steels and alloys, maraging and other highly alloyed steels, and iron alloy parts and materials acquired from a producer.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
STUD, LOCKED IN, KEY LOCKED, UNS S66286, 140 KSI/1200 °F LIGHTWEIGHT, SELF-BROACHING KEYSAS3543B (Current)6/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Quantifying Life Cycle Environmental Impact of Emerging Aluminum High-Pressure Die Cast (HPDC) Mega-Castings Replacing Stamped Steel Solutions13-07-01-00046/4/2026
Over the last few years, there has been an uptick in the exploration and implementation of aluminum high-pressure die casting (HPDC) mega-castings as replacements for conventional stamped steel parts in vehicles. This trend is expected to increase with common justifications, including claims of reduced costs and lower environmental impacts associated with the replacement of dozens of individual parts with a single casted piece, along with reduced demands on associated tooling and machinery. However, the data and literature to support these claims are limited and at times contradictory, with some studies showing increased costs and energy demands for mega-casting technologies. This study presents the results of a literature review and a gate-to-gate life cycle inventory (LCI) adapted from conventional HPDC aluminum casting unit processes that may be used to quantify potential life cycle global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand (CED), and other environmental impacts of
Sebastian, Brandie, Balzer, Russ
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Wire, 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302), Spring TemperAMS5688N (Current)6/1/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of wire.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Study on Impact Resistance of Sandwich-Structured Battery Protection Panels2026-99-17285/22/2026
With new energy vehicles developing rapidly, battery safety, as an important part of the impact on the range of new energy vehicles and vehicle safety, has become the focus of attention. The battery pack protection plate is a core component to protect the battery, its performance needs not only impact resistance, but also lightweight, honeycomb sandwich structure with its excellent energy absorption characteristics and weight reduction performance by the battery pack protection plate performance research. At present, the core-to-face sheet interaction in conventional sandwich structures subjected to impact loads has not been fully elucidated, and the quantitative characterization of damage is insufficient, so this paper aims to optimize the lightweight impact-resistant structure by exploring the synergistic energy dissipation mechanism between the high-strength core material and the steel plate. The study combines theory and simulation, adopting ideal rigid-plastic film theory to
Zhang, Guanghao, Zhang, Mingming, Luo, Changjie, Zhou, Jun, Zhang, Fengqiang, Yu, Wenze, Li, Jiongfeng, Guo, Qingrong
Design And Analysis of Low-Temperature Liquid Nitrogen Tank Car2026-99-17125/22/2026
The design and analysis of the wave plate of the tank body of the low-temperature liquid nitrogen tank car are carried out. According to the design method of the empirical formula, the 0.43 MPa low-temperature mobile liquid nitrogen tank body wave plate with the working temperature of -196°C to -178°C is optimized. According to the analysis and design standards, the stress distribution law of the mobile liquid nitrogen tank body under the forward impact condition is analyzed by the method of numerical analysis. The results show that the stress value will gradually increase near the junction of the tank body and the support, and the parts such as the head, the pad, the angle steel ring, and the Z3848 glass steel pipe meet the requirements of the analysis and design standards. At the same time, the first six orders of the natural mode vibration frequency of the tank body are analyzed, which provides a reliable and effective data analysis for the optimization design of the low-temperature
Ding, Xuqiang, Ni, Yiwei, Gu, Chen, Yan, Dongdong, Xu, Zhiquan, Wang, Qi
Evaluation of Mechanical Tensile Properties on TIG-Welded AISI 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Principal Component Analysis05-19-04-00275/14/2026
The reliability of welded joints is a vital factor in modern manufacturing, directly affecting product performance and durability. This study investigates methods to enhance the mechanical and metallurgical quality of butt joints in AISI 304L stainless steel welded by the gas tungsten arc (GTA) process. A systematic experimental design was implemented using the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array, considering welding current, gas flow rate, and travel speed as the main parameters. To determine overall weld performance, the joints were characterized by measuring ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, percentage elongation, and examining their microstructural morphology. An experimental strategy based on the Taguchi approach has been implemented. The welding performance of the material was investigated, and the process parameters were optimized using multiresponse optimization through principal component analysis (PCA), incorporating an orthogonal array design, signal-to
Ghosh, Nabendu, Roy, Angshuman
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, Rings and Stock for Forging, Flash-Welded Rings or Heading, 13Cr - 2.0Ni - 3.0W (Greek Ascoloy), AnnealedAMS5616P (Current)5/9/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Rings, Piston, Cast Iron As CastAMS7310M (Current)5/5/2026
This specification covers piston rings fabricated from cast iron.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
STUD - STRAIGHT, RING LOCKED, CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT STEEL (UNS SS66286), .3750-16 UNJC X .3750-24 UNJFAS3322F (Current)5/5/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
STUD - STRAIGHT, RING LOCKED, CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT STEEL (UNS S66286), .2500-20 UNJC-3A X .2500-28 UNJF-3AAS3320F (Current)5/5/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
WIRE - STEEL, CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT, SAFETY, 1800 °FAS9226B (Current)5/4/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 19Cr - 12Ni - 1.0Cb (Nb), Solution Heat TreatedAMS5362N (Current)4/25/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, Rings and Forging Stock, 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.2Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V (A286), Consumable Electrode Melted, 1750 °F (954 °C) Solution Heat Treated, Welding Grade, Precipitation HardenableAMS5895G (Current)4/24/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, 1.2Cr - 3.25Ni - 0.12Mo (0.07 - 0.13C) (9310), Premium Aircraft-Quality, Electroslag Remelted or Consumable Electrode Vacuum RemeltedAMS6267L (Current)4/20/2026
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.2Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V (A286), Multiple Melted, 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat Treated, Welding Grade, Precipitation HardenableAMS5858F (Current)4/12/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Investment Castings, 16Cr - 1.9Ni - 0.08N (431), As CastAMS5353G (Current)4/12/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings and Forging Stock, 18.5Cr - 10Ni - 0.22Se (303Se), Free-Machining; for Swaging or Upsetting, Solution Heat TreatedAMS5641K (Current)4/12/2026
This specification covers a free-machining, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, Nitriding, 1.4Cr - 1.2Mo - 0.3V (0.29 - 0.36C), (32CrMoNiV5), Double Vacuum Melted, Premium Aircraft-Quality for Bearing ApplicationsAMS6498C (Current)4/9/2026
This specification covers a nitriding grade of premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. AMS6496 and AMS6497 cover UNS K23280 with other quality levels.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Strain-Based Fracture Assessment of Tailor Welded Blanks under Complex Loading Conditions2026-01-02314/7/2026
Tailor Welded Blanks are critical for automotive lightweighting yet prone to premature failure due to differential thickness and strength across the weld. This study utilized digital image correlation (DIC) to analyze the maximum in-plane principal Hencky strain (E₁max) and axial strain (εₐₓₐₗ) of TWBs under complex loading conditions, including biaxial and plane-strain states. Twelve distinct material stack-ups were tested to evaluate the impact of material difference on formability. Results indicated that differential properties significantly altered strain distribution, often forcing localization onto the thinner or softer sheet. While UHSS welds provided high load capacity with limited ductility, combinations using HSLA or IF substrates were susceptible to early localization and unstable fracture. Comparative heatmaps illustrate strain evolution across all samples, providing spatial insights beyond conventional force–displacement analysis. Metallurgical characterization confirmed a
Aminzadeh, Ahmad, Sheng, ZiQiang, Huang, Lu, McCarty, Eric, Biro, Elliot
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.75Si - 0.62Cr - 0.20Mo - 0.10Zr (0.10 - 0.17C) (NAX 9115-AC)AMS6354H (Current)4/7/2026
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 4.00 inches (101.6 mm) and under in thickness.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Effective Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Glue-Laminated Motor Stator Core with Consideration of Glue Disposition2026-01-01774/7/2026
This study presents an effective predictive methodology for determining the mechanical properties of glue-laminated motor cores, with explicit consideration of glue disposition, including bonding pattern, configuration, location, and coverage. In laminated stator cores, glue bonding and stacking processes jointly govern the mechanical integrity of the lamination stack. Practical production bonding schemes are typically nonuniform and localized, leading to spatial variations in stiffness and to locally anisotropic, orthotropic material behavior. These effects influence both the in-plane and through-thickness stiffness of the stator core. They can significantly affect the accuracy of structural simulations, such as NVH responses of high-speed traction motors and e-drive systems. Given the constituent material properties of the electrical steel laminations and the glue, this work distinguishes the governing mechanisms underlying the equivalent core properties. The in-plane stiffness is
Nie, Zifeng
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Tensile Properties in Cast Stainless Steel Influenced by Chemical Composition Variation2026-01-02374/7/2026
In the category of cast stainless steels, there are several variants per different level of addition of chromium, vanadium along with some minor elements, such as molybdenum, niobium, tungsten to meet the requirement of corrosion and oxidation resistance. However, the influence of chemical composition variations on the mechanical properties of cast SS continues to lack a clear understanding. In the present study, via machine learning, the effects of each element on the tensile properties of the selected cast stainless steel are studied. The machine learning model is then used to predict how variations in elements affect tensile behavior, with the predictions validated through physical testing.
Mishra, Neelam, Biswas, Surjayan, V S, Rajamanickam, Aluru, Phani, Liu, Yi, Akbari, Meysam, Coryell, Jason
Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of High Pressure Die Cast AE44 Magnesium Alloy at Elevated Temperatures2026-01-02344/7/2026
Tensile and cyclic behavior of high pressure die cast AE44 magnesium alloy have been studied at room temperature and elevated temperatures up to 350°C. Anelastic behavior has been found in both tensile and cyclic loading at the temperature below 200°C. With increasing temperature, the anelasticity disappears, and tensile and cyclic behaviors become like other engineering materials, such as steels and aluminum alloys, i.e. the total strain contains only elastic strain and plastic strain. A method to determine the yield strength at 0.2% plastic strain (σ0.2) is proposed. By using the proposed method, the yield strength σ0.2 is found to be higher than that determined using the traditional method, which is more suitable to the materials that do not exhibit anelasticity. It is believed that the anelasticity is closely related to twinning in Mg alloy, which disappears at elevated temperatures.
Liu, Yi, Yang, Wenying, Coryell, Jason
Comparison of Formability Performance Between CR550LA and CR590DP2026-01-01784/7/2026
While rapid development of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) for a safer and lighter vehicle has been a primary focus in the automotive industry, the application of traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel continues to be actively supported and developed. AHSS are often used to replace HSLA steels for downgauging while maintaining similar or better performance in crashworthiness and durability. However, recent developments have enabled the availability of higher strength, cold-rolled HSLA steels that could offer opportunities for a more balanced solution between material cost and material performance. Certain higher strength HSLA steels not only offer a cost-effective way to increase the strength-to-weight ratio but also provide comparable formability and better weldability to AHSS. In this study, cold rolled HSLA grades of CR420LA and CR550LA are evaluated in overall formability and in-use performance when compared to CR590 dual phase (DP) grade. The evaluations performed
Shih, Hua-Chu, Brown, Lindsay, Pednekar, Vasant, Shi, Ming, Tedesco, Sarah
Multi-Material Topology Optimization Using Difference-Based Equivalent Static Load Method2026-01-01734/7/2026
Topology optimization (TO) has become a powerful tool for generating lightweight structural designs. TO has been widely applied to linear static problems, where analytical sensitivities are easy to obtain. However, crashworthiness design requires nonlinear dynamic analysis, for which analytical sensitivities are generally not available. To extend TO into crash problems, approximation methods such as the Equivalent Static Load (ESL) method have been developed. ESL replaces the nonlinear problem with a series of linear static subproblems, ensuring that the displacement fields match at certain time steps. These subproblems can then be efficiently solved using standard TO techniques. A key limitation of ESL is that it relies on the initial mesh for all subproblems, which reduces accuracy for highly nonlinear crash responses. To address this, Triller proposed the difference-based ESL (DiESL) method, which updates the mesh in each subproblem to the deformed configuration, therefore improving
Huang, Yuhao, Kim, Il Yong
Optimizing Joint Efficiency in Stainless Steel-Aluminum Alloy FSW Joints through Advanced Parameter Control2026-01-02284/7/2026
The present study investigates optimization of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in FSW of AA2024-T3 and SS304 in a butt joint configuration. An L18 mixed-level orthogonal array was used to design 18 experiments, varying tool rotational speed (450, 560, and 710 rpm), traverse speed (20, 25, and 40 mm/min), and pin offset (1 and 1.5 mm toward the Al side). The tool rotational speed had the greatest influence on UTS, contributing nearly one-third of the total variance, followed by pin offset and traverse speed. The optimal combination, 450 rpm, 20 mm/min, 1.5 mm offset, yielded a UTS of 344.7 MPa and a joint efficiency of 78.3%. At this setting, peak temperatures reached ~356 °C, ensuring sufficient plasticization and uniform mixing of the Al–SS interface, producing a refined stir zone with an average grain size of 4.2 μm. Fracture analysis revealed ductile failure at the optimal parameters, whereas suboptimal conditions resulted in brittle or mixed fractures due to either insufficient or
Mir, Fayaz Ahmad, Khan, Noor Zaman, Pali, Harveer Singh
NASA Tech Briefs: April 202626AERP044/2/2026
Leonardo DRS Expands Production Capacity to Advance Naval Power, Sensors, and AI-Driven Mission Systems Success at Sea: NIWC Atlantic Uncrewed Surface Vessel Completes Fastest Transatlantic Crossing High‑Speed Spindles Unlock Five‑Axis Machining Innovation with Smaller Tools Why CFD is Stuck in the File Era Accurate and Resilient GNSS Timing Modules for Critical Infrastructure Undetectable Ship-to-Ship Laser Communications EP40: Structural Epoxy Used for Steel Bonding in Marine Applications Master Bond EP40 is a two-part, room temperature curing epoxy for bonding, sealing, coating, and encapsulating. EP40 bonds well to a variety of substrates, including naval steel, the primary structural metal used in the shipbuilding industry Vortex Research to Solve Aviation's Efficiency Tradeoff with Active Strakes A research team developed a smart strake system that dynamically adapts to flight conditions, showing a promising drag reduction in the wind tunnel with respect to passive strakes. This
Blackening of Steel, Touch-Up MethodAMS2489B (Current)4/1/2026
This specification covers the requirements for an inorganic black coating applied at ambient temperature to steel to touch up black oxide coating in areas where the black oxide has been removed. This coating is intended only to visually change the surface to a black color, not to meet the requirements of any black oxide specification.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
EP40: Structural Epoxy Used for Steel Bonding in Marine Applications26AERP04_074/1/2026
Master Bond EP40 is a two-part, room temperature curing epoxy for bonding, sealing, coating, and encapsulating. EP40 bonds well to a variety of substrates, including naval steel, the primary structural metal used in the shipbuilding industry. Master Bond Inc., Hackensack, NJ To reduce its environmental impact and pollution, the shipping industry is investigating methods to construct more lightweight ships. One potential method is using adhesive bonding techniques to replace traditional welding and riveted joints on ships to fabricate lighter ships with smaller carbon footprints. However, adhesives age and deteriorate when exposed to moisture, high temperatures, and ultraviolet light. This makes it necessary to understand how they age in maritime environments to determine whether they can truly replace traditional welding techniques. To this end, researchers at Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Navales e Industriales (CITENI) and Centro de Investigación TIC (CITIC) developed a new
Advancing Steel Joining: A Critical Review of Adhesives and Sealants for High-Performance Automotive and Construction Applications05-19-04-00253/31/2026
For centuries, steel has been a cornerstone material for structural construction; by contrast, adhesive joining is a relatively nascent technology, particularly in heavy structural applications. The present article aims to provide the reader a review of the applications of adhesive joining in steel-based applications. Steel being a popular material in many industries due to its excellent mechanical properties, but traditional joining methods might have certain limitations viz. ability to withstand vibrations or movement, distortion, difficult to repair, and the like. Adhesive joining provides an alternative approach that offers advantages like reduced weight, improved corrosion resistance, enhanced aesthetics, ability to join multi-materials, ability to resist vibrations to a certain limit, and the like. This article examines the use of steel within the automotive and construction industries, intentionally narrowing its scope from steel’s broader range of applications. This article
S., Shrray, Arora, Kanwer Singh
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.30Cb - 1.5Cu (Custom 450), Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5859G (Current)3/25/2026
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection ProcedureAMS2300N (Current)3/24/2026
This specification covers steel cleanliness requirements for premium aircraft-quality ferromagnetic steels, including hardenable, corrosion-resistant steels, by magnetic particle inspection methods. This specification contains sampling, sample preparation, inspection procedures, and cleanliness rating criteria (see 8.2).
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, Nitriding, 1.4Cr - 1.2Mo - 0.3V (0.29 - 0.36C) (32CrMoNiV5), Aircraft-Quality for Bearing ApplicationsAMS6496C (Current)3/13/2026
This specification covers a nitriding grade of aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. AMS6497 and AMS6498 cover UNS K23280 having other quality levels.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Minimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking in Wrought Forms of Steels and Corrosion-Resistant Steels and AlloysARP1110E (Current)3/12/2026
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide the aerospace industry with recommendations concerning the minimization of stress corrosion cracking in wrought heat-treatable carbon and low-alloy steels and in austenitic, precipitation hardenable, and martensitic corrosion-resistant steels and alloys. The detailed recommendations are based on laboratory and field experience and reflect those design practices and fabrication procedures which should avoid in-service stress corrosion cracking.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Forging and Ring Stock, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings, 12.5Cr (SAE 410), Aircraft Quality, AnnealedAMS5613T (Current)3/12/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Cleanliness, Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection ProcedureAMS2301M (Current)3/12/2026
This specification covers steel cleanliness requirements for aircraft-quality ferromagnetic steels, other than hardenable corrosion-resistant steels (refer to AMS2303), by magnetic particle inspection methods. This specification contains sampling, specimen preparation, inspection procedures, and cleanliness rating criteria (see 8.2).
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Cleanliness, Special Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection ProcedureAMS2304D (Current)3/12/2026
This specification covers steel cleanliness requirements for special aircraft-quality ferromagnetic steels, including hardenable corrosion-resistant steels, by magnetic particle inspection methods. This specification contains sampling, sample preparation, inspection procedures, and cleanliness rating criteria (see 8.2).
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Welding Wire, 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.20Mo (0.18 - 0.23C) (SAE 8620), Vacuum Melted, Environment Controlled PackagingAMS6375F (Current)3/4/2026
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of welding wire. Type 2 - copper coated wire was removed from this document (see 8.4).
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel Tubing, Seamless, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.33 - 0.38C) (4135), Aircraft-Quality, Normalized and Tempered or Stress RelievedAMS6365M (Current)3/3/2026
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of seamless tubing.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Failure Cause Analysis of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Battery on Fire in Communication Equipment Room2026-01-70222/27/2026
This paper carried out the fire failure analysis of valve-regulated lead-acid battery in communication equipment room. Through disassembly and observation of the battery and iron frame of battery cabinet in the area of fire origin, we obtained the key residual traces and used the physical and chemical analysis methods such as macroscopic/microscopic morphology, EDS, X-ray and metallographic, it was finally judged that the leakage of the battery electrolyte lead to the connection of the battery electrode plate and the iron frame and subsequently the electric heating fault caused the fire accident. Furthermore, we put forward some suggestions according to the existing problems, which may contribute to the prevention of similar failures.
Guo, Yuhang
Experimental Vibroacoustic Measurement of Thin Steel Panels Coated with Different Liquid-Applied Spray Damping Layer Thickness10-10-02-00172/23/2026
This study investigates the effect of liquid-applied spray damping (LASD) thickness on the vibration and sound radiation of thin steel panels. Although LASD is widely used to enhance structural damping, its influence on radiated sound and the role of coating thickness have not been systematically studied. Five steel panels with varying LASD thicknesses were evaluated using two experimental approaches. An impact-based method in a hemi-anechoic chamber measured the structural mobility and noise transfer functions, while a reciprocal method in a reverberation chamber under acoustic excitation measured the radiated sound power transfer function. A thickness ratio was found beyond which additional LASD thickness yielded diminishing improvements in noise and vibration reductions. The effect of LASD thickness on radiation efficiency was also assessed in both narrowband and one-third octave bands.
Neihguk, David, Suh, Sam, Herrin, David W.
Blackening Solution for Steel Touch-Up MethodAMS2484D (Current)2/16/2026
This specification covers the requirements for an inorganic blackening solution for steel, applied at room temperature.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Modelling and Analysis of Complex Shaped Cracks2026-28-00482/12/2026
This study provides an extensive analysis through finite element analysis (FEA) on the effects of fatigue crack growth in three different materials: Structural steel, Titanium alloy (Ti Grade 2), and printed circuit board (PCB) laminates based on epoxy/aramid. A simulation of the materials was created using ANSYS Workbench with static and cyclic loading to examine how the materials were expected to fail. The method was based on LEFM and made use of the Maximum Circumferential Stress Criterion to predict where cracks would happen and how they would progress. Normalizing SIFs while a crack was under mixed loading conditions was achieved using the EDI method [84]. We used Paris Law to model fatigue crack growth using constants (C and m) for the materials from previous studies and/or tests. For example, in the case of titanium Grade 2, we found Paris Law constants with C values from 1.8 × 10-10 to 7.9 × 10-12 m/cycle and m values from 2.4 to 4.3, which illustrate differing effects of their
T, Lokesh, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Effect of Sebastiana Rostrata Fiber Loading on the Tribological Behaviour of Polycaprolactone Biocomposite2026-28-00212/12/2026
This study investigates the tribological behaviour of Sesbania rostrata fiber (SRF) reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) biocomposites using a pin-on-disc wear couple. The stationary SRF/PCL composite specimen interacted with a rotating EN31 steel disc (64 HRC), establishing the sliding wear interface in accordance with ASTM G99 standards. Composite laminates containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% SRF were evaluated at a sliding velocity of 1 m/s over a fixed distance of 1000 m under varying normal loads. The incorporation of SRF significantly enhanced the wear performance relative to neat PCL, with 20 wt% fiber loading achieving the lowest coefficient of friction and specific wear rate due to improved load transfer, stronger interfacial adhesion, and a more uniform laminate structure. In contrast, the 30 wt% composite exhibited fiber agglomeration, reduced homogeneity, and weakened fiber–matrix interactions, resulting in increased wear. SEM microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of a
Raja, K., Senthil Kumar, M.S.
Evolution of a Novel Hybrid Stab-Link for a Born Electric Sports Utility Vehicle2026-28-00012/12/2026
The present study details the design evolution and failure analysis of a novel hybrid stabilizer bar link (stab link) developed for the front suspension of a born electric sports utility vehicle (SUV) platform characterized by higher gross vehicle weight (GVW), increased wheel travel, and constrained packaging space. To address these challenges, a unique hybrid stab link was designed featuring dual plastic housings at both the metal ball joint ends, connected by a steel tube, and achieving a 30% weight reduction while offering enhanced articulation angles for extremely lower turning circle diameter (TCD) of the vehicle, compared to the conventional stab link. The unique hybrid stab failed under complex loading conditions during accelerated durability testing (ADT), prompting a comprehensive investigation. The failure analysis included road load data acquisition across various stab bar diameter configurations evolved during suspension tuning, different stabilizer link designs evolved
Selvendiran, P, J, Ramkumar, Nayak, Bhargav, M, Sudhan, Patnala, Avinash
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