Browse Topic: Niobium

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Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Bars, Rods, and Extrusions 10Hf - 1.0Ti, Recrystallization AnnealedAMS7857D (Current)5/20/2026
This specification covers a columbium (niobium) alloy in the form of bars, rods, and extrusions.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 10Hf - 1.0TiAMS7852D (Current)5/19/2026
This specification covers a columbium (niobium) alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Tensile Properties in Cast Stainless Steel Influenced by Chemical Composition Variation2026-01-02374/7/2026
In the category of cast stainless steels, there are several variants per different level of addition of chromium, vanadium along with some minor elements, such as molybdenum, niobium, tungsten to meet the requirement of corrosion and oxidation resistance. However, the influence of chemical composition variations on the mechanical properties of cast SS continues to lack a clear understanding. In the present study, via machine learning, the effects of each element on the tensile properties of the selected cast stainless steel are studied. The machine learning model is then used to predict how variations in elements affect tensile behavior, with the predictions validated through physical testing.
Mishra, Neelam, Biswas, Surjayan, V S, Rajamanickam, Aluru, Phani, Liu, Yi, Akbari, Meysam, Coryell, Jason
Columbium (Niobium) Sheet, Strip, and FoilAMS7850F (Current)3/25/2026
This specification covers columbium in the form of sheet, strip, plate, and foil.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and Emission Control2026-26-02851/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technologies to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium and subsequently Ferritic Nitrocarburize (FNC) the disc. The Niobium addition will improve the wear resistance of the FNC case, reducing wear debris. The test methodology included: 1. Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, 2. Finish machining and ferritic nitrocarburizing and 3. Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic gray cast iron. The results demonstrate the advantages of Niobium alloyed FNC treated discs in reduced wear and meeting Euro7 airborne emission requirements. The Niobium alloyed eutectic Gray Cast Iron plus FNC treatment exhibited the best wear debris performance for both the Non-Asbestos organic (NAO) and Low Metallic (Low Met) friction materials. The Niobium alloyed hypereutectic Gray Iron plus FNC treatment also performed well with both NAO and Low Metallic friction materials.
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
Optimization of Global and Local Formability Properties through Nb Microalloying2026-26-03031/16/2026
David Martin, CBMM Asia Bernardo Barile, CBMM Europe BV Caio Pisano, CBMM Europe BV Automotive high strength steels have specific microstructure-dependent forming characteristics. Global formability is generally associated with high uniform strain values which imply good drawability and stretch forming properties driven by pronounced work hardening. Local formability on the other hand is often measured by various fracture strain values—generally higher in single phase steels. In this respect, the so-called ‘local/global formability map’ concept has been established not only to provide a comprehensive methodology to characterize existing automotive steels but also to enable improvement strategies toward more balanced forming characteristics. Niobium (Nb) microalloying is a powerful tool to achieve both property improvement in general and property balance in particular. More than two decades of research has demonstrated that Nb-induced microstructural optimization is applicable to HSLA steels, AHSS (DP, CP, TRIP, TWIP) and PHS, and it has been realized in commercial production of such steels. This contribution details the underlying metallurgical and processing effects of Nb microalloying in automotive high-strength steels and highlights achieved global and local formability improvements. Respective optimization vectors are demonstrated through intrinsic formability mapping, where the possibilities and limitations are indicated.
Barile, Bernardo
Niobium Alloyed Ferritic Nitrocarburized Brake Rotors2024-01-30319/8/2024
Niobium (Nb) alloyed Grey cast iron in combination with Ferritic Nitrocarburize (FNC) case hardening heat treatment is proposed to improve wear resistance and reduce brake dust generation of brake rotors. Standard Eutectic and Hypereutectic Grey irons alloyed with Niobium were evaluated in comparison to baseline unalloyed compositions. Brake speed snub sensitivity tribological testing was performed on a matrix including Niobium alloyed, Unalloyed, FNC, Non FNC, Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) friction and Low metallic (Low Met) friction materials. Full size brake rotors were evaluated by Block Wear and Corrosion Cleanability. Improved wear, corrosion resistance and reduced brake dust debris were demonstrated by the Niobium alloyed FNC brake rotor combinations. Corrosion is an important consideration when evaluating brake performance. Combining cyclic corrosion and brake rotor testing provides the best comparison with field exposure.
Holly, Mike
Effect of nanostructuring of nodular cast iron on the static mechanical properties and fatigue life of commercial vehicle brake spiders2024-36-03128/9/2024
The demand for enhanced safety and extended lifespan of brake systems prompts the investigation to increase the static mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of commercial vehicle brake spiders through the incorporation of niobium nanoparticles into a cast iron alloy. This study aims to improve the material structure as well as the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the component. Chemical, microscopic, and mechanical analyses were conducted in samples of the nanostructured alloy and in the spider. A durability test was performed using a structural bench called “Chuker” to assess the potential increase in fatigue life. The Chuker is capable of simulating a real-world brake system condition, including torque magnitudes up to 17.5 kNm, which are the highest to be withstand by the designed brake power. This torque replicates the brake system activation during a vehicle emergency braking. The spiders manufactured with the nanostructured alloy exhibited most uniform microstructure with an improved graphite nodule distribution with a growth of the number of nodules per square millimeter. Monotonic mechanical tests showed a 34% increase in yield stress, while fatigue tests indicated a approximately 35% longer useful life compared to an industrial reference cast iron alloy without nanoparticles. Considering the significant enhancement in fatigue life observed in the results, there is an opportunity for redesigning spider geometries to achieve desired mass reduction and overall improvement in product quality and performance.
Titton, Angelo Pradella, Tuzzin, Matheus, Lopes, Carlos H. R., Marcon, Lucas, Boaretto, Joel, Klein, Aloísio N., Cruz, Robinson C. D.
Expanding Possibilities for Superconducting Qubits With NiobiumTBMG-506045/1/2024
When it comes to quantum technology, niobium is making a comeback. For the past 15 years, niobium has been sitting on the bench after experiencing a few mediocre at-bats as a core qubit material.
Expanding Possibilities for Superconducting Qubits With Niobium24AERP05_065/1/2024
When it comes to quantum technology, niobium is making a comeback. For the past 15 years, niobium has been sitting on the bench after experiencing a few mediocre at-bats as a core qubit material. Qubits are the fundamental components of quantum devices. One qubit type relies on superconductivity to process information.
Joining of Titanium and Stainless-Steel Rods with an Interlayer Using an Eco-Friendly Welding Process for Automobile Applications2023-01-51262/23/2024
Solid rods of dissimilar metals are easily welded by friction welding. This process is a solid-state process where no fumes or gases are released which is friendly to the environment. In advanced engineering practice, joining Titanium (Ti) alloy and stainless steel (SS) is very important due to poor bonding strength in direct joining. These materials are easily joined by an interlayer technique using materials like nickel, silver, niobium, aluminum, and copper. Special surface geometry techniques hold the interlayer materials between dissimilar metals in different forms like coating, foils, and solid metals. In this investigation, the finite element method is used for modeling the process, and the Johnson-cook equation was used to find the analysis of output values with the defined material properties. The heat generated is calculated and numerically compared and analyzed with experimental results. Observations such as metallography, hardness, and tensile test were studied. The results are best suitable for the optimization of future design and improvement. It's important to note that while friction welding is a promising option, it's always recommended to perform feasibility studies and conduct tests on representative samples to ensure that the joint's mechanical properties meet the required standards for automobile applications like ball link joint, piston rod, air compressor piston, ball screw, butterfly valve, clutch hub, steering rack gear, trailer axles, etc. A maximum temperature of 11500C was observed at the interface and the highest tensile strength of 348MPa was obtained.
Balasubramanian, M., Prathap, P., Madhu, S.
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Flash Welded Rings and Forging Stock 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (Nb) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5701G (Current)8/21/2023
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, and flash welded rings up to 4.00 inches (101.6 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness or distance between parallel sides and having a maximum cross-sectional area of less than 12.6 square inches (81 cm2). Stock for forging or flash welded rings may be of any size.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Characterization of TiN Precipitates and It’s Morphology in Spring Steel for Commercial Vehicle Leaf Spring Suspension2023-28-13175/25/2023
Leaf springs are used for vehicle suspension to support the load. These springs are made of flat sections of spring steel in single or in stack of multiple layers, held together in bracketed assembly. The key characteristics of leaf spring are defined as ability to distribute stresses along its length and transmit a load over the width of the chassis structures. The most common leaf spring steels are carbon steels alloyed with Cr and micro-alloyed with Ti, V and Nb. The specific thermomechanical process and alloying elements result in specific strength and fatigue properties for spring steels. The unique properties which facilitate use of spring steel in leaf spring suspensions are ability to withstand considerable twisting or bending forces without any distortion. The microstructure of these steel determines the performance and reflects the process of steel manufacturing. The performance is mainly determined by evaluating fatigue life durability. The microstructural phases mainly precipitate of carbides play a vital role in fatigue life. At one side, controlled size and morphology helps in performance whereas coarse size of the precipitates is detrimental to fatigue life. In this work, attempt was made to characterize the microstructure which includes TiN precipitates and various steel phases. Detailed analysis on TiN particle size and morphology was carried out. Optical microscopy and Electron microscopy along with EDX analysis were utilized for characterization. The microstructural details were also correlated with fatigue failure of leaf spring.
Chauhan, Shiv, Shende, Deodatta, Dhadange, Ravi, Ponkshe, Shripadraj
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Seamless Tubing 18Cr - 10.5Ni - 0.70Cb (Nb) (347) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5571K (Current)5/22/2023
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of seamless tubing.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, Foil and Plate 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Consumable Electrode Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted 1775 °F (968 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5596N (Current)5/22/2023
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, foil, and plate 1.00 inch (25.4 mm) and under in thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 18.5Cr - 11Ni - 0.40Cb (Nb) (SAE 30347)AMS5680K (Current)5/22/2023
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Seamless Tubing 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1950 °F (1066 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5590G (Current)5/16/2023
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of seamless tubing having nominal OD of 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) and over with nominal wall thickness of 0.015 inch (0.38 mm) and over (see 8.5).
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.6Cb (Nb) As CastAMS5402D (Current)5/16/2023
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant, air-melted, nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings Ni - 18Cr - 2.8Mo - 5.5Cb (Nb) - 0.70Ti - 1.50Al - 10Fe - 9Co - 1W Consumable Electrode Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted 1775 °F (968 °C) Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation-HardenableAMS5441C (Current)4/4/2023
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, and flash welded rings in the solution heat-treated condition, 5 inches (127 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides (thickness) having a maximum cross-sectional area of 50 square inches (323 cm2), and stock of any size for forging, flash welded rings, or heading.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Better performance in fine-grain steel for transmission2022-36-00332/10/2023
Manual transmissions for passenger cars are facing pressures due to rapid growth of automatic transmissions, which already represents more than 60% of Brazil market, and from higher torque demand due to strict emission legislation, which turbo engines had presented great contribution to it. To solve this contradictory issue, gears with higher strength and lower cost have been studied to replacement Nickel by Niobium in the steels. Furthermore, this technology could be applied to solve the issues with electrified vehicle, where high torque, speed and lifetime are demanded pursued for gears. This study aimed to build prototypes and compare the S-N curves, fracture analysis, microstructure for three kinds of steels (QS4321 with Ni, QS1916 FG without Ni & with Nb and QS 1916 without Ni and Nb) in the condition carburized, hardened and tempered with and without shot peening. The study showed technical feasibility in the replacement of Ni for Nb, therefore it should be continued for application in current production.
Nunes, Eduardo, Colosio, Marco, Galdino, Rafael, Freese, Samuel, Carlos Zambon, Antonio
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H900A)AMS5659/H900A (Current)1/13/2023
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 in2 (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H900A) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H925A)AMS5659/H925A (Current)1/13/2023
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (93 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H925A) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H900)AMS5659/H900 (Historical)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 in2 (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H900) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H925)AMS5659/H925 (Historical)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (93 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H925) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Consumable Remelted, Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1025)AMS5659/H1025C (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross sectional area of 144 square inches (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1025) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1150)AMS5659/H1150 (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1150) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1100)AMS5659/H1100 (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1100) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1075)AMS5659/H1075 (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (930 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1075) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Iron-Nickel Alloy, Bars, Forgings, and Rings 42Fe - 37.5Ni - 14Co - 4.8Cb (Nb) - 1.6Ti Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable Multiple Melted, High Temperature, Low ExpansionAMS5884E (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers an iron-nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and stock for forging, flash welded rings, or heading.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Cobalt-Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars 19Cr - 36Co - 25Ni - 7.0Mo - 0.50Cb (Nb) - 2.9Ti - 0.20Al - 9.0Fe Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Work Strengthened, and AgedAMS5843H (Current)9/8/2022
This specification covers a high strength, corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt-nickel-chromium alloy in the form of bars 1-3/4 inches (44.4 mm) and under in nominal diameter.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr - 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 4.0Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H925)AMS5643/H925A (Current)9/8/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 8 inches (203 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 64 square inches (413 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H925) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr- 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 4.0Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H900)AMS5643/H900A (Current)9/8/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 8 inches (203 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 64 square inches (413 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H900) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Niobium: Magic Metal for Battery Anodes?TBMG-465159/1/2022
The element niobium (Nb), a transition metal, stands ready to improve the performance of one of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery’s confusing array of possible electrode chemistries — the LTO (lithium titanium oxide) anode, which after graphite is the second most-produced. During battery charging, lithium ions leave the positive cathode and move through the battery’s electrolyte to take up positions of higher energy in the anode. During discharge, this process reverses and drives electrons through an external circuit to power the load.
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Rings, and Stock for Forgings and Rings, 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe, Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted, 1775 °F (968 °C) Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS5663P (Current)8/19/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, and flash welded rings in the solution and precipitation heat treated condition. Product covered by this specification is limited to 10.00 inches (254 mm) and under in nominal diameter or maximum cross-sectional dimension between parallel sides (thickness) and nominal cross sectional area of 78.54 in2 (503 cm2). Stock may be of any size for forging or flash welded rings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Rings, and Stock for Forgings and Rings 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1775 °F (968 °C) Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation-HardenableAMS5662P (Current)8/17/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings in the solution heat treated condition. Product covered by this specification is limited to 10.00 inches (254 mm) and under in nominal diameter or maximum cross-sectional dimension between parallel sides (thickness) and nominal cross sectional area of 78.54 in2 (503 cm2) in cross-sectional area. Stock for forging, ring, or heading may be of any size.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Extrusions, Rings, and Stock for Forgings and Rings 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 1950 °F (1066 °C) Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5664G (Current)8/17/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings in the solution heat treated condition, Product covered by this specification is limited to 10.00 inches (254 mm) and under in nominal diameter or maximum cross-sectional dimension between parallel sides (thickness) and 78.54 square inches (503 cm2) in cross-sectional area. Stock may be of any size for forging or flash welded rings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Foil, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 10W - 2.5Zr RecrystallizedAMS7851E (Current)7/26/2022
This specification covers a columbium (niobium) alloy in the form of foil, sheet, strip, or plate.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7 Cb (Nb) AnnealedAMS5599J (Current)7/6/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.4 mm) in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Influences of Martensite Morphology and Precipitation on Bendability in Press-Hardened Steels2022-01-02383/29/2022
Performance evaluation of martensitic press-hardened steels by VDA 238-100 three-point bend testing has become commonplace. Significant influences on bending performance exist from both surface considerations related to both decarburization and substrate-coating interaction and base martensitic steel considerations such as structural heterogeneity, i.e., banding, prior austenite grain size, titanium nitride (TiN) dispersion, mobile hydrogen, and the extent of martensite tempering as result auto-tempering upon quenching or paint baking during vehicle manufacturing. Deconvolution of such effects is challenging in practice, but it is increasingly accepted that surface considerations play an outsized role in bending performance. For specified surface conditions, however, the base steel microstructure can greatly influence bending performance and associated crash ductility to meet safety and mass-efficiency targets. This study reports and elucidates the positive effect of niobium microalloying on bendability of the base PHS alloy through combined structural refinement, microalloy carbide precipitation, and modifications to tempered martensite morphology. Prior austenite grain size refinement due to microalloying results in both incremental strengthening and a reduced solute carbon (C) content in the austenite matrix prior to in-die quenching due to both enhanced segregation of C to austenite grain boundaries. Martensite-start temperature is thusly increased, and a greater degree of auto-tempering results in as-quenched steels. Additionally, the reduction of C content in the as-quenched martensite reduces driving force for oriented transition carbide precipitation during tempering. Measured bend angles are accordingly improved, and reduced strength of martensite, as a result of reduced matrix C, is compensated by the fine dispersion of microalloy carbonitrides. Alloy design and process recommendations are offered based on observed mechanisms.
Enloe, Charles M., Mohrbacher, Hardy
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Powder for Additive Manufacturing 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb (Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18FeAMS7006 (Current)3/21/2022
The intended upper bound of this specification is that the particle size distribution (PSD) of powders supplied shall be <60 mesh (250 μm) and that no powder (0.0 wt%) greater than 40 mesh (425 μm) is allowed.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Flash Welded Rings and Forging Stock 41.5Ni - 16Cr - 37Fe - 2.9Cb (Nb) - 1.8Ti Consumable Electrode Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5701F (Historical)3/9/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings up to 4.00 inches (101.6 mm), inclusive, and stock for forging or flash welded rings of any size.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Influence of the chemical composition on the generation of cracks in brake discs2021-36-04232/10/2022
Thermoelastic instabilities in the contact of brake friction material cause hotbands and hotspots on the surface of brake disc. These phenomena generate thermal stresses that result in generation of cracks, which limit the lifetime of the discs. In the present work, the influence of the chemical composition of brake discs on the thermoelastic behavior of the system and on the lifetime of the discs was investigated. The experimental evaluation was carried out in an inertial dynamometer using the SAE J3080 standard procedure applied on a brake system. Two discs (namely A and B) with different chemical compositions were subjected to the tests. The brake pad composition was kept fixed. The thermoelastic effects on the inner surface of the disc were observed by contact (thermocouple) and noncontact measurement techniques (thermography), as well as through photographic images of the disc’s surfaces. Disc A showed negligible amount of Nb while disc B exhibited 0.360%. Besides, disc B presented approximately 15% more content of C (Carbon) than disc A. Disc B showed twice the lifespan of disc A. This can be attributed to the smaller thermal gradients observed in disc B, which is in turn related to the higher thermal diffusivity (htd) measured for this rotor. The htd is explained by a greater density of graphite (related to a greater amount of C in the composition), as well as a finer (influenced by Nb) and well-distributed graphite flakes seen in case of disc B.
Flores, Roberto, Ferreira, Ney Francisco, Neiss, Patric Daniel, Barros, Liu Yesukai, Poletto, Jean Carlos, Buneder, Diogo, Lorandi, Natalia Pagnoncelli, Pavlak, Rafael Paini, Fidler, Genesis Guilherme, Lopes, Carlos Henrique Raposo
Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welded Tubing 18Cr - 10.5Ni - 0.70Cb (Nb) (347) Solution Heat TreatedAMS5575R (Current)1/28/2022
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of welded tubing.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr - 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 4.0Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1075)AMS5643/H1075 (Current)1/20/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 8 inches (203 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 64 in2 (413 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1075) condition
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr- 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 4.0Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H925)AMS5643/H925 (Historical)1/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 8 inches (203 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 64 square inches (413 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H925) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr- 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 4.0Cu Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H900)AMS5643/H900 (Historical)1/14/2022
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product 8 inches (203 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 64 square inches (413 cm2) in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H900) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nanofabrication Technology for Production of Quantum Nano-Electronic Devices Integrating Niobium Electrodes and Optically Transparent GatesTBMG-385332/1/2021
Niobium metal is used in the implantation of a variety of superconducting quantum devices.
Wear Evaluation of Niobium-Added Cast Iron for Brake Disc and Drum Applications2020-01-162710/5/2020
Grey cast iron alloys for brake drum and brake disc applications are being developed with niobium additions and a range of equivalent carbon for commercial, passenger vehicle, and performance applications. The benefit of niobium in cast iron is based on the contribution of strength by matrix refinement for a given carbon equivalence that may permit the direct improvement of wear improvement or allow for an increase in carbon equivalence for a given strength. Proper carbon equivalency and pearlite stabilization contribute to an improved pearlite structure with an optimized distribution of graphite. These structures, when refined with niobium, demonstrate increased service life and reduced wear relative to their niobium-free equivalents as measured by lab dynamometer testing and by on-vehicle testing in passenger bus fleets. The increase in performance is attributed to both the presence of wear resistant carbides and refinement of pearlite interlamellar spacing with only minor refinement of graphite flake length.
Leal, Gilberto, Enloe, C. Matthew, Meira, Marcos, Franca, Erico, Nascimento, Francisco, Halonen, Andrew
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu Consumable Remelted, Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1025)AMS5659/H1025B (Historical)6/15/2020
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1025) condition.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Correlated Oxide Field Effect Switching Devices for High Speed Electronics20AERP04_104/1/2020
The response of correlated oxides to strong electric fields and their dynamics is investigated using electrical transport measurements and electronic structure studies. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arlington, Virginia Metal insulator transitions (MITs) in oxides are an intriguing problem from both a fundamental materials physics and an applied technology perspective. Though the precise roles of electron correlations and lattice distortions on the phase transition remains an active area of research, many recent theoretical studies have suggested intimate interplay among the orbital splitting/polarization, correlation effects, and Peierls dimerization in the 3d1 system. Occupied states have been probed by x ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS), and a rough structure of unoccupied 3d-like states have been deduced by O K-edge x-ray absorption measurements. NbO2, a 4d1 system, like VO2 cry stallizes in a distorted rutile type structure with Nb dimers and undergoes a temperature induced MIT, albeit at a considerably higher temperature of ∼1083 K. It is commonly accepted that because 4d orbital valence states are more dispersed in both space and energy, Mott physics is less important in 4d transition metal oxides than in 3d ones. Along this line of reasoning, it is perhaps surprising that the insulating state of NbO2 persists to higher temperatures than that of VO2. A proposed explanation for this difference is that the Peierls effect in NbO2 is stronger due to larger Nb metal-metal overlap of 4d orbitals, leading to greater orbital splitting between occupied d|| states and the unoccupied eg-states; however, given the many attempts to revise and improve theoretical and computational studies of VO2, the physical and electronic properties of NbO2 also should be examined more thoroughly. Currently, there are few experimental studies that provide insight into the electronic structure of NbO2.
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