Browse Topic: Telecommunications

Items (4,328)

Interconnected and Data-Driven Aircraft Cabin Systems: Consistent Integration of ARINC 853 Messaging Standard into Model-Based Aircraft Systems Development

2025-01-0174To be published on 05/02/2025

Increasing digitalization of the aircraft cabin, driven by the need for improved operational efficiency and an enhanced passenger experience, has led to the development of data-driven services. In order to implement these services, information from different systems is often required, which leads to a multi-system architecture. When designing a network that interconnects these systems, it is important to consider the heterogeneous device and supplier landscape as well as variations in the network architecture resulting from airline customization or cabin upgrades. The novel ARINC 853 Cabin Secure Media-Independent Messaging (CSMIM) standard addresses this challenge by specifying a communication protocol that relies on a data model to encode provided and consumed information. This paper presents an approach to integrate CSMIM-specific communication concepts into a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This enables a streamlined

Giertzsch, Fabian, Blecken, Marvin, God, Ralf

FIT File Processing for Accident Reconstruction

2025-01-8696

04/01/2025

It is becoming increasingly common for bicyclists to record their rides using specialized bicycle computers and watches, the majority of which save the data they collect using the Flexible and Interoperable Data Transfer (.fit) Protocol. The contents of .fit files are stored in binary and thus not readily accessible to users, so the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the differences induced by several common methods of analyzing .fit files. We used a Garmin Edge 830 bicycle computer with and without a wireless wheel speed sensor to record naturalistic ride data at 1 Hz. The .fit files were downloaded directly from the computer, uploaded to the chosen test platforms - Strava, Garmin Connect, and GoldenCheetah - and then exported to .gpx, .tcx and .csv formats. Those same .fit files were also parsed directly to .csv using the Garmin FIT Software Developer Kit (SDK) FitCSVTool utility. The data in those .csv files (henceforth referred to as “SDK data”) were then either directly

Sweet, David, Bretting, Gerald

Designing Software for SAE J1939 ECUs to Improve Cybersecurity

2025-01-8082

04/01/2025

SAE J1939 is a CAN-based standard used for connecting various ECUs together within a vehicle. There are also some related protocols sharing many of the features of SAE J1939 across other industries including ISO11783, RVC and NMEA 2000. The standard has enabled the easy integration of electronic devices into a vehicle. However, as with all CAN-based protocols, several vulnerabilities to cyberattacks have been identified and are discussed in this paper. Many are at the CAN-level, whilst others are in common with those protocols from the SAE J1939 family of protocols. This paper reviews the known vulnerabilities that have been identified with the SAE J1939 protocol at CAN and J1939-levels, along with proposed mitigation strategies that can be implemented in software. At the CAN-level, the weaknesses include ways to spoof the network by exploiting parts of the protocol. Denial of Service is also possible at the CAN-level. At the SAE J1939-level, weaknesses include Denial of Service type

Quigley, Christopher

Uncovering Security Flaws in DC Chargers for Electric Vehicles

2025-01-8118

04/01/2025

The added connectivity and transmission of personal and payment information in electric vehicle (EV) charging technology creates larger attack surfaces and incentives for malicious hackers to act. As EV charging stations are a major and direct user interface in the charging infrastructure, ensuring cybersecurity of the personal and private data transmitted to and from chargers is a key component to the overall security. Researchers at Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) evaluated the security of direct current fast charging (DCFC) EV supply equipment (EVSE). Identified vulnerabilities included values such as the MAC addresses of both the EV and EVSE, either sent in plaintext or encrypted with a known algorithm. These values allowed for reprogramming of non-volatile memory of power-line communication (PLC) devices as well as the EV’s parameter information block (PIB). Discovering these values allowed the researchers to access the IPv6 layer on the connection between the EV and EVSE

Kozan, Katherine

SPC based Critical Parameters Monitoring of Vendor Supplied Parts by Auto OEM for Quality Control

2025-01-8334

04/01/2025

In Automobile manufacturing, maintaining the Quality of parts supplied by vendor is crucial & challenging. This paper introduces a digital tool designed to monitor trends for critical parameters of these parts in real-time. Utilizing Statistical Process Control (SPC) graphs, the tool continuously tracks Quality trend for critical parts and process parameters, predicting potential issues for proactive improvements even before parts are supplied. The tool integrates data from all Supplier partners across value chain into a single ecosystem, providing a comprehensive view of their performance and the parts they supply. Suppliers input data into a digital application, which is then analyzed in the cloud using SPC techniques to generate potential alerts for improvement. These alerts are automatically sent to both Suppliers and relevant personnel at the OEM, enabling proactive measures to address any Quality deviations. 100% data is visualized in an integrated dashboard which acts as a

Sahoo, Priyabrata, Garg, Ishan, Rawat, Sudhanshu, Narula, Rahul, Gupta, Ankit, Bindra, Ritesh, Rao, Akkinapalli VN, Garg, Vipin

Research on Segmented Latency Testing Method for in-Vehicle Real-Time Systems Based on DDS Middleware

2025-01-8083

04/01/2025

With the rapid development of intelligent connected vehicles, their open and interconnected communication characteristics necessitate the use of in-vehicle Ethernet with high bandwidth, real-time performance, and reliability. DDS is expected to become the middleware of choice for in-vehicle Ethernet communication. The Data Distribution Service (DDS), provided by the Object Management Group (OMG), is an efficient message middleware based on the publish/subscribe model. It offers high real-time performance, flexibility, reliability, and scalability, showing great potential in service-oriented in-vehicle Ethernet communication. The performance of DDS directly impacts the stable operation of vehicle systems, making accurate evaluation of DDS performance in automotive systems crucial for optimizing system design. This paper proposes a latency decomposition method based on DDS middleware, aiming to break down the overall end-to-end latency into specific delays at each processing stage

Yu, Yanhua, Luo, Feng, Ren, Yi, Hou, Yongping

Collision Avoidance System at Urban Intersections Using V2X Communication

2025-01-8030

04/01/2025

Driving safely through urban intersections is quite challenging for self-driving vehicles due to complicated road geometries and the highly dynamic maneuvers of oncoming traffic, which can cause a high risk of collisions. Traditional onboard sensors like cameras, radar, and lidar give limited visibility in this environment. To overcome these limitations, this paper explores implementing a collision avoidance system at urban intersections utilizing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The system leverages V2X map data to identify warning zones and uses vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to estimate the maneuver types and paths of approaching vehicles. The system assesses collision risk by calculating the intersection points of predicted paths for the ego vehicle and oncoming traffic. Depending on the level of collision risk, the system generates a collision warning signal to the driver or activates emergency braking when necessary to prevent accidents. We implement the system

Park, Seo-Wook, Suresh, Raynier, Ailuri, Anusha

Using CAN Electrical Signals for Cybersecurity and Harness Diagnostics

2025-01-8080

04/01/2025

This paper describes a novel invention which is an Intrusion Detection System based on fingerprints of the CAN bus analogue features. Clusters of CAN message analogue signatures can be associated with each ECU on the network. During a learning mode of operation, fingerprints can be learnt with the prior knowledge of which CAN identifier should be transmitted by each ECU. During normal operation, if the fingerprint of analogue features of a particular CAN identifier does not match the one that was learnt then there is a strong possibility that this particular CAN identifier’s message is symptomatic of a problem. It could be that the message has been sent by either an intruder ECU or an existing ECU has been hacked to send the message. In this case an intruder can be defined as a device that has been added to the CAN bus OR a device that has been hacked/manipulated to send CAN messages that it was not designed to (i.e. could be originally transmitted by another device). It could also be

Quigley, Christopher, Charles, David

Portable Track-Based Connected Intersection Testing System for Connected and Automated Vehicles

2025-01-8062

04/01/2025

Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology is a rapidly growing area of research as more automakers strive towards safer and greener roads through its adoption. The addition of sensor suites and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity gives CAVs an edge on predicting lead vehicle and connected intersection states, allowing them to adjust trajectory and make more fuel-efficient decisions. Optimizing the energy consumption of longitudinal control strategies is a key area of research in the CAV field as a mechanism to reduce the overall energy consumption of vehicles on the road. One such CAV feature is autonomous intersection navigation (AIN) with eco-approach and departure through signalized intersections using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity. Much existing work on AIN has been tested using model-in-loop (MIL) simulation due to being safer and more accessible than on-vehicle options. To fully validate the functionality and performance of the feature, additional

Hamilton, Kayla, Misra, Priyashraba, Ord, David, Goberville, Nick, Crain, Trevor, Marwadi, Shreekant

Energy-Efficient Maneuvering of Connected and Automated Vehicles: NEXTCAR Phase II Results

2025-01-8385

04/01/2025

Onboard sensing and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity enhance a vehicle's situational awareness beyond direct line-of-sight scenarios. A team led by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) demonstrated 20% energy savings by leveraging these information streams on a 2017 Prius Prime as part of the first phase of the ARPA-E-funded NEXTCAR program. Combining this technology with automation can improve vehicle safety and enhance energy efficiency further. In the second phase, SwRI demonstrated 30% energy savings over the baseline. This paper summarizes the efforts to achieve 30% savings on a 2021 Honda Clarity PHEV. The vehicle was outfitted with the SwRI Ranger automated driving suite for perception and localization. Model-based control schemes with selective interrupt and control (SIC) were used to override stock vehicle controls and actuate the accelerator, brake, and electric power steering system, enabling drive-by-wire and steer-by-wire functionalities. Key algorithms contributing

Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Sarlashkar, Jayant, Hotz, Scott, Rajakumar Deshpande, Shreshta, Rengarajan, Sankar, Adsule, Kartik, Drallmeier, Joseph, D'Souza, Daniel, Alden, Joshua, Bhattacharjya, Shuvodeep

Decentralized Perception System with Multiple Viewpoints

2025-01-8097

04/01/2025

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) cooperation has emerged as a fundamental technology to overcome the limitations of the individual ego-vehicle perception. Onboard perception is limited by the lack of information for understanding the environment, the lack of anticipation, the drop of performance due to occlusions and the physical limitations of embedded sensors. The perception of V2I in a cooperative manner improves the perception range of the ego vehicle by receiving information from the infrastructure that has another point of view, mounted with sensors, such as camera and LiDAR. This technical paper presents a perception pipeline developed for the infrastructure based on images with multiple viewpoints. It is designed to be scalable and has five main components: the image acquisition for the modification of camera settings and to get the pixel data, the object detection for fast and accurate detection of four wheels, two wheels and pedestrians, the data fusion module for robust

Picard, Quentin, Morice, Malo, Fadili, Maryem, Pechberti, Steve

Reducing Power Consumption through Effective Data Sharing in Platooning Scenarios

2025-01-8051

04/01/2025

Platooning occurs when vehicles travel closely together to benefit from multi-vehicle movement, increased road capacity, and reduced fuel consumption. This study focused on reducing energy consumption under different driving scenarios and road conditions. To quantify the energy consumption, we first consider dynamic events that can affect driving, such as braking and sudden acceleration. In our experiments, we focused on modeling and analyzing the power consumption of autonomous platoons in a simulated environment, the main goal of which was to develop a clear understanding of the different driving and road factors influencing power consumption and to highlight key parameters. The key elements that influence the energy consumption can be identified by simulating multiple driving scenarios under different road conditions. The initial findings from the simulations suggest that by efficiently utilizing the inter-vehicle distances and keeping the vehicle movements concurrent, the power

Khalid, Muhammad Zaeem, Azim, Akramul, Rahman, Taufiq

Combine HD Map Information to Enhance Road Topology Reasoning by Offline Supervised Training and on-Line Ensemble Learning

2025-01-8021

04/01/2025

Topology reasoning plays a crucial role in understanding complex driving scenarios and facilitating downstream planning, yet the process of perception is inevitably affected by weather, traffic obstacles and worn lane markings on road surface. Combine pre-produced High-definition maps (HDMaps), and other type of map information to the perception network can effectively enhance perception robustness, but this on-line fused information often requires a real-time connection to website servers. We are exploring the possibility to compress the information of offline maps into a network model and integrate it with the existing perception model. We designed a topology prediction module based on graph attention neural network and an information fusion module based on ensemble learning. The module, which was pre-trained on offline high-precision map data, when used online, inputs the structured road element information output by the existing perception module to output the road topology, and

Kuang, Quanyu, Rui, Zhang, Zhang, Song, Yixuan, Gao

Cloud Based Digital Twin Development for High-Voltage Battery Systems in Commercial Vehicles

2025-01-8214

04/01/2025

Over recent years, BorgWarner has intensified its efforts to explore and leverage trending technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to enhance products and processes. This includes digital twin technology, which has potential use cases for system behavior analysis, product optimization and predictive maintenance. This paper outlines the development process of a digital twin for a commercial vehicle battery, which serves as a demonstrator and learning platform for this technology. In order to assess the feasibility as well as hard- and software requirements, a cloud-based digital twin demonstrator was developed, integrating vehicle telemetry data with physics-based battery electric and thermal models, and an aging prediction algorithm. The key components are an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway, simulation models, data processing and ingestion pipelines, a machine learning algorithm for anomaly detection, and visualizations of telemetry and simulation

Bongards, Anita, Liu, Xiaobing, Beemer, Maria, Gajowski, Daniel, Rama, Neeraj, Shah, Keya, Fallahdizcheh, Amirhossein

Bi-Level Control Co-Design for Parallel Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles

2025-01-8582

04/01/2025

This study presents a control co-design method that utilizes a bi-level optimization framework for parallel electric-hydraulic hybrid powertrains, specifically targeting heavy-duty vehicles like class 8 semi-trailer trucks. The primary objective is to minimize battery energy consumption, particularly under high torque demand at low speed, thereby extending both battery lifespan and vehicle driving range. The proposed method formulates a bi-level optimization problem to ensure global optimality in hydraulic energy storage sizing and the development of a high-level energy management strategy. Two nested loops are used: the outer loop applies a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize key design parameters such as accumulator volume and pre-charged pressure, while the inner loop leverages Dynamic Programming (DP) to optimize the energy control strategy in an open-loop format without predefined structural constraints. Both loops use a single objective function, i.e. battery energy consumption

Taaghi, Amirhossein, Yoon, Yongsoon

Utilizing Generative Adversarial Networks for Secure Communication in Software-Defined Vehicles

2025-01-8135

04/01/2025

The increasing complexity of software-defined vehicles (SDVs) necessitates robust and secure communication protocols to protect against cyber threats. This paper explores the utilization of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to enhance the security of communication protocols in SDVs. GANs, consisting of a generator and a discriminator network, are employed to create and evaluate secure communication sequences, ensuring that unauthorized access and potential attacks are effectively mitigated. In this study, we develop a GAN-based framework that generates secure communication protocols tailored for the dynamic environment of SDVs. The generator is trained to produce communication sequences that are indistinguishable from authentic, secure sequences, while the discriminator is tasked with identifying any anomalies or potential vulnerabilities. By iteratively improving both networks, the framework learns to produce highly secure and resilient communication protocols. The performance of

Namburi, Venkata Lakshmi

J1939 Digital Annex

J1939DA_202503 (Current)03/31/2025

This document is intended to supplement the J1939 documents by offering the J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use.

Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

Vehicle–Vehicle Collaborative Control Strategy for Dedicated Lanes of Connected Vehicles

12-08-02-0012

03/28/2025

To alleviate the problem of reduced traffic efficiency caused by the mixed flow of heterogeneous vehicles, including autonomous and human-driven vehicles, this article proposes a vehicle-to-vehicle collaborative control strategy for a dedicated lane in a connected and automated vehicle system. First, the dedicated lane’s operating efficiency and formation performance are described. Then, the characteristics of connected vehicle formations are determined, and a control strategy for heterogeneous vehicle formations was developed. Subsequently, an interactive strategy was established for queueing under the coordination of connected human-driven and autonomous vehicles, and the queue formation, merging, and splitting processes are divided according to the cooperative interaction strategy. Finally, the proposed lane management and formation strategies are verified using the SUMO+Veins simulation software. The simulation results show that the dedicated lane for connected vehicles can

Zhang, Xiqiao, Cui, Leqi, Yang, Longhai, Wang, Gang

Traffic Event Extraction and Geographization from Natural Language Web Text

2025-01-7213

03/19/2025

Real-time traffic event information is essential for various applications, including travel service improvement, vehicle map updating, and road management decision optimization. With the rapid advancement of Internet, text published from network platforms has become a crucial data source for urban road traffic events due to its strong real-time performance and wide space-time coverage and low acquisition cost. Due to the complexity of massive, multi-source web text and the diversity of spatial scenes in traffic events, current methods are insufficient for accurately and comprehensively extracting and geographizing traffic events in a multi-dimensional, fine-grained manner, resulting in this information cannot be fully and efficiently utilized. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a “data preparation - event extraction - event geographization” framework focused on traffic events, integrating geospatial information to achieve efficient text extraction and spatial representation. First

Hu, Chenyu, Wu, Hangbin, Wei, Chaoxu, Chen, Qianqian, Yue, Han, Huang, Wei, Liu, Chun, Fu, Ting, Wang, Junhua

Feasibility of Road Longitudinal Profiles for Automated Vehicles Based on Vehicle Dynamics

2025-01-7150

03/19/2025

With the development and maturity of new generation digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and 5G mobile communication, their integration with physical products is becoming increasingly seamless. Automobiles serve as a prime example in this regard. In recent years, automated vehicle (AV) technologies have emerged as a prominent focal point, witnessing an escalating acceptance in the market and a growing number of self-driving vehicles on the roads, existing roads are primarily designed for traditional human-driven vehicles (HVs). Due to the differences in perception between automated systems and human drivers, it is essential to assess AVs' feasibility to current road infrastructure. This paper analyzes the safety and comfort of automated vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control systems (ACC-AVs) on longitudinal road profiles from the perspective of vehicle dynamics. Firstly, a co-simulation platform integrating PreScan, CarSim, and Simulink

Li, Zezhou, Cai, Mingmao, Gu, Tianqi, Yu, Bin

Fully Rugged Mobile PCs Provide an Edge on the Battlefield and Beyond

25AERP03_09

03/01/2025

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) pioneered satellites, the internet, drones, and human-computer interfaces. Now that work is enabling the next round of revolutionary technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), edge and cloud computing, and the Internet of Military Things (IoMT) for a wide variety of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) applications. Laptops and tablets are beneficiaries of yesterday's DARPA breakthroughs as well as enablers of today's and tomorrow's innovations. For example, ruggedized mobile PCs provide powerful new tools for asymmetric warfare by giving soldiers anytime, anywhere access to biometric information such as fingerprints and facial recognition. That information enables them to quickly determine whether a person in street clothes at a checkpoint is a civilian or combatant. This application also highlights the fundamental role of edge computing and the cloud for

Vehicle Application Layer

J1939/71_202502 (Current)02/25/2025

The SAE J1939 communications network is developed for use in heavy-duty environments and is suitable for horizontally integrated vehicle industries. The SAE J1939 communications network is applicable for light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty vehicles used on-road or off-road, and for appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle-derived components (e.g., generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to, on-highway and off-highway trucks and their trailers, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment and implements. SAE J1939-71 is the SAE J1939 reference document describing SAE J1939 parameter (SP) and message (PG) definitions, SLOT (standard data encoding) definitions, conventions and notations used to specify the parameter (SP) placement in PG data, conventions for text data parameters, and conventions for PG transmission rates. This document previously contained the majority of the SAE J1939 OSI application layer data parameters and messages for

Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

Toward a Methodology for Safety—Performance Trade-Off Analysis for Connected Automated Vehicles Supported by a Smart Infrastructure

12-08-02-0020

02/24/2025

Introducing connectivity and collaboration promises to address some of the safety challenges for automated vehicles (AVs), especially in scenarios where occlusions and rule-violating road users pose safety risks and challenges in reconciling performance and safety. This requires establishing new collaborative systems with connected vehicles, off-board perception systems, and a communication network. However, adding connectivity and information sharing not only requires infrastructure investments but also an improved understanding of the design space, the involved trade-offs and new failure modes. We set out to improve the understanding of the relationships between the constituents of a collaborative system to investigate design parameters influencing safety properties and their performance trade-offs. To this end we propose a methodology comprising models, analysis methods, and a software tool for design space exploration regarding the potential for safety enhancements and requirements

Fornaro, Gianfilippo, Törngren, Martin, Gaspar Sánchez, José Manuel

Automatic Detection of Dead-End Roads in High-Resolution Satellite Image

2025-01-7165

02/21/2025

There are dead-end roads in the road network, and many of them have the function of indicating specific target clues, which is of great significance in the fields of military, urban construction, and disaster relief and rescue. However, many of the important cut-offs are in mountainous or wilderness areas, and surveying them is difficult and costly. The research objective of this project is to extract the breakpoints in the road network using high-resolution Google satellite imagery, so as to provide clues and indications for the subsequent relevant work. Firstly, the image is corrected and pre-processed to highlight road edge information.Then the phase grouping method is improved by setting a double-angle threshold, filtering the edge operator to reduce the calculation error of the gradient angle, and the road network is extracted by the improved phase grouping method. And finally screens out the dead-end road points with the eight-neighbourhood method, and marks them on the

Liu, Ruohan, Haoping, Qi, Jingjie, Kang, Yanyan, Wu, Feifei, Li

Ecological Driving for Connected and Automated Vehicles Considering Driver Acceptance at Signalized Intersection in a Mixed Traffic Flow

2025-01-7123

02/21/2025

This work aims to design an ecological driving strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at an isolated signalized intersection in a mixed traffic flow of CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs). Actually, from existing experiments and theories, we can obtain that stochasticity of HVs plays a nontrivial role in traffic flow, including the drivers’ driving personality style and the interaction between HV and CAV. To consider the uncertainty of HVs, we propose driver acceptance to describe the interaction between HV and CAV with the increase of CAV market penetration rate (MPR). Then, to estimate the arrival time of CAV accurately, we propose an improved LWR method integrating the vehicle to V2X data and detector data. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization model and solved by NSGA-II. Our study indicates that multi-objective performance benefits depend on inflow rate, the MPR, and the drivers’ acceptance towards CAVs. The results show that traffic efficiency

Wang, Xiaoliang, Ma, Shufang, Yu, Qin, Song, Wen, Peng, Hongrui, Hu, Yiming

Research on SINS/GNSS Integrated Positioning for Highway Vehicles

2025-01-7164

02/21/2025

This study investigates the application of integrated positioning based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for highway vehicle navigation. While GNSS offers high-precision outdoor positioning, it is susceptible to signal obstructions, whereas SINS enables autonomous positioning without external signals but accumulates drift errors over time. To enhance positioning accuracy, this study employs three nonlinear filters—Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF)—for multi-source data fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that EKF, UKF, and CKF achieve faster convergence, higher stability, and smoother error curves when handling nonlinear problems. Through simulation experiments and field measurements, the strengths of each algorithm are validated across different metrics and directions. Considering sensor limitations and implementation complexity, EKF outperforms other algorithms

Zhang, Hongbin, Wen, Chengju, Liu, Zhe, Lin, Chen

Identification and Quantitative Analysis Technique of Road Obstacle Safety Risks

2025-01-7201

02/21/2025

The transition from manual to autonomous driving introduces new safety challenges, with road obstacles emerging as a prominent threat to driving safety. However, existing research primarily focuses on vehicle-to-vehicle risk assessment, often overlooking the significant risks posed by static or dynamic road obstacles. In this context, developing a system capable of real-time monitoring of road conditions, accurately identifying obstacle positions and characteristics, and assessing their associated risk levels is crucial. To address these gaps, this study proposes a comprehensive process for rapid obstacle identification and risk quantification, composed of three main components: road obstacle event detection and feature extraction, risk quantification and level assessment, and output of warning information and countermeasures. First, a rapid detection method suited for highway scenarios is proposed based on the YOLOv5 model, enabling fast detection and classification of obstacles in

Chen, Tingting, Chen, Leilei, Yu, Wenlu, Chen, Daoxie

Study on Variable Speed Limit Control Strategy of Highway under Intelligent Connected Environment

2025-01-7189

02/21/2025

This paper presents a novel variable speed limit control strategy based on an Improved METANET model aimed at addressing traffic congestion in the bottleneck areas of expressways while considering the impact of an intelligent connected environment. Traffic flow simulation software was employed to compare the outcomes of the traditional variable speed limit model with those derived from the proposed strategy. The results indicated that under three scenarios—main road, ramp, and lane closure—with a 100% penetration rate of intelligent connected vehicles, the average delay for vehicles utilizing the new model decreased by 9.37%, 11.11%, and 7.22%, respectively. This study offers an innovative approach to highway variable speed limits under an intelligent connected environment.

Qi, Tiancheng, Qu, Xinhui, Gu, Haiyan, Sang, Zheming, Ning, Fangyue

Port Node Importance and Risk Assessment in Shipping Networks Based on An Improved PageRank Approach and Reliability Analysis

2025-01-7183

02/21/2025

Since the rapid development of the shipping and port industries in the second half of the twentieth century, the introduction of container technology has transformed cargo management systems, while simultaneously increasing the vulnerability of global shipping networks to natural disasters and international conflicts. To address this challenge, the study leverages AIS data sourced from the Vessel Traffic Data website to extract ship stop trajectories and construct a shipping network. The constructed network exhibits small-world characteristics, with most port nodes having low degree values, while a few ports possess extremely high degree values. Furthermore, the study improved the PageRank algorithm to assess the importance of port nodes and introduced reliability theory and risk assessment theory to analyze the failure risks of port nodes, providing new methods and perspectives for analyzing the reliability of the shipping network.

Li, Ding, Cheng, Cheng, Zhao, Xingxi, Li, Zengshuang

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Driver Health and Fatigue Monitoring Using Camera, Biometric Sensors, Telematics and Machine Learning

2025-28-0195

02/07/2025

Automotive industries focus on driver safety leading to raising improvements and advancements in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to avoid collisions and provide safety and comfort to the drivers. This paper proposes a novel approach toward Driver health and fatigue monitoring systems that uses cabin cameras and biometric sensors communicating continuously with vehicle telematics systems to enhance real-time monitoring and predictive intervention. The data from the camera and biometric sensors is sent to the machine learning algorithm (LSBoost) which processes the data and if anything is wrong concerning the driver's behavior then immediately it communicates with vehicle telematics and sends information to the emergency services. This approach enhances driver safety and reduces accidents caused due to health-related driver impairment. This system comprises several sensors and fusion algorithms are applied between different sensors like cabin camera and biometric sensors, all

Bhargav, Matavalam

Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy Rule Speed Planning and Piecewise Preview Model Prediction

02-18-01-0006

02/06/2025

Intelligent vehicles can utilize a variety of sensors, computing, and control technologies to autonomously perceive the environment and make decisions to achieve safe, efficient, and automated driving. If the speed planning of intelligent vehicles ignores the vehicle dynamics state, it leads to unreasonable planning speed and is not conducive to improving the accuracy of trajectory tracking control. Meanwhile, trajectory tracking usually does not consider the road and speed information beyond the prediction horizon, resulting in poor tracking precision that is not conducive to improving driving comfort. To solve these problems, this study proposes a new longitudinal speed planning method based on variable universe fuzzy rules and designs the piecewise preview model predictive control (PPMPC) to realize the vehicle trajectory tracking. First, the three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model and trajectory tracking model are established and verified. Then, the variable universe fuzzy

Zhang, Jie, Teng, Shipeng, Gao, Jianjie, Zhou, Xingxing, Zhou, Junchao

791P3-1 Mark I Aviation Ku-Band and Ka-Band Satellite Communication System, Part 3, Information Transfer and Internetworking

ARINC791P3-1 (Current)02/06/2025

This document (ARINC Characteristic 791, Part 3) provides the internetworking networking interface definition of the Mark I (ARINC 791) and Mark II (ARINC 792) Ku-Band and Ka-Band Satellite Communication (satcom) system intended for passenger entertainment on commercial transport aircraft. Any signal crossing into or out of the communication system is documented to ease aircraft integration. ARINC Characteristic 791 Part 1 of this document provides an overview of Ku-band and Ka-band satcom systems. System provisions, including Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) form factors, attachments, cooling, and inter-system wiring, are defined. Signals between the Modem/Modem Manager (Modman) and the Antenna Subsystem are described to permit interchangeability between any Modman and any Antenna Subsystem. ARINC Characteristic 791 Part 2 of this document provides the non-networking interface definition of the satcom system. Any signal crossing into or out of the communication system is documented to ease

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Enhanced Adaptive Cruise Control Strategies Considering Front and Rear Vehicles

10-09-01-0007

01/29/2025

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems have increasingly become more robust in adapting to the motion of the preceding vehicle and providing safety and comfort to the driver. But conventional ACC hangs with a concern for rear-end safety in the presence of traffic or aggressive car maneuvers. It often leads to getting dangerously close to the vehicle behind in scenarios where there is less space and time for the rear vehicle to adjust. This research article develops an ACC approach that considers the rear vehicle in addition to the front vehicle, thereby ensuring safety with the rear vehicle without compromising the safety of the front vehicle. Two novel methodologies are devised to enhance the ACC system. The first approach involves utilizing fuzzy logic to associate the inputs with the throttle and brake based on the inference rules within a fuzzy logic controller overseeing both vehicles. The other utilizes a cascaded model predictive control (MPC) system framework that integrates a

Sharma, Vishrut, Sengupta, Somnath, Ghosh, Susenjit

J1939 Digital Annex

J1939DA_202412 (Historical)12/29/2024

This document is intended to supplement the J1939 documents by offering the J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use.

Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

Zonal Architecture: A Way of Using of the CAN Protocol

2024-36-0127

12/20/2024

In the automotive industry, the zonal architecture is a design approach that organizes a vehicle’s electronic and communication systems into specific zones. These zones group components based on their function and physical location, enabling more efficient integration and simplified communication between the vehicle’s various systems. An important aspect of this architecture is the implementation of the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. CAN is a serial communication protocol developed specifically for automotive applications, allowing various electronic devices within a vehicle, such as sensors, actuators, and Electronic Control Units (ECUs), to communicate with each other quickly and reliably, sharing information essential for the vehicle’s operation. However, due to its limitations, there is a need for more efficient protocols like Automotive Ethernet and Controller Area Network Flexible (CAN FD), which allow for higher transmission rates and larger data packets. To centralize

Santos, Felipe Carvalho, Silva, Antônio Lucas, Paterlini, Bruno, Pedroso, Henrique Gomes, Alves, Joyce Martins, Milani, Pedro Henrique Pires, Klepa, Rogério Bonette

An Integrated and Miniaturized Multi-Channel Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Technology Based on Zynq

2024-01-7041

12/13/2024

In response to the escalating demand for high-performance, miniaturized, and integrated radio frequency (RF) systems, this research explores the application of the Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC XCZU47DR chip in the realm of integrated RF transceiver technology. An 8-channel, 4.8Gsps multi-channel distributed collaborative spectrum sensing architecture has been designed, incorporating lightweight IQ neural network, which comprises a convolutional layer, three Bottleneck Units (BNU), a Global Average Pooling (GAP) layer, and a Fully Connected (FC) layer. Notably, each BNU encapsulates one or two inverted bottleneck residual blocks that integrate the concepts of inverted residual blocks and linear bottlenecks. The parameter counts and computational complexity associated with the convolution operation are significantly reduced to merely 11.89% of those required by traditional networks. The performance metrics of the hardware circuit were validated through a constructed test system. Within a 2GHz

Chen, Wangjie, Yang, Jian, Zhu, Weiqiang, Shi, Songhua, Zhou, Mingyu, Fan, Zhenhong

A Fuzz Testing Method Based on DDPM for Intelligent Connected Vehicles CAN Communication

2024-01-7044

12/13/2024

Modern vehicles are increasingly integrating electronic control units (ECUs), enhancing their intelligence but also amplifying potential security threats. Vehicle network security testing is crucial for ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles. ECUs communicate via the in-vehicle network, adhering to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol. Due to its exposed interfaces, lack of data encryption, and absence of identity authentication, the CAN network is susceptible to exploitation by attackers. Fuzz testing is a critical technique for uncovering vulnerabilities in CAN network. However, existing fuzz testing methods primarily generate message randomly, lacking learning from the data, which results in numerous ineffective test cases, affecting the efficiency of fuzz testing. To improve the effectiveness and specificity of testing, understanding of the CAN message format is essential. However, the communication matrix of CAN messages is proprietary to the Original Equipment

Shen, Lin, Xiu, Jiapeng, Zhang, Zhuopeng, Yang, Zhengqiu

Group Intelligent Decision Optimization Based on Fireworks Algorithm

2024-01-7047

12/13/2024

This study delves into the application of the fireworks algorithm (FWA) based on swarm intelligence decision in multi-device resource scheduling. By simulating the process of fireworks explosion, this algorithm efficiently searches for global optimal solutions, demonstrating good stability and optimization performance. In comparison to traditional heuristic algorithms, FWA shows advantages such as simplicity, local coverage, and robustness when addressing multi-device resource scheduling issues. Through experimental validation and result analysis, we conclude that the resource optimization model based on FWA exhibits significant superiority in multi-device resource scheduling, enabling faster identification of global optimal solutions and maintaining consistent optimization outcomes. Moreover, FWA displays high robustness and is applicable to various types of resource scheduling problems, particularly excelling in multi-device collaborative scenarios. In summary, this research presents

Chen, Wangjie, Li, Wenlong, Zhu, Weiqiang, Shi, Songhua, Zhou, Mingyu, Fan, Zhenhong

Unified Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Cooperative Perception Framework for Intelligent Transportation Systems

2024-01-7028

12/13/2024

Cooperative perception has attracted wide attention given its capability to leverage shared information across connected automated vehicles (CAVs) and smart infrastructure to address the occlusion and sensing range limitation issues. To date, existing research is mainly focused on prototyping cooperative perception using only one type of sensor such as LiDAR and camera. In such cases, the performance of cooperative perception is constrained by individual sensor limitations. To exploit the multi-modality of sensors to further improve distant object detection accuracy, in this paper, we propose a unified multi-modal multi-agent cooperative perception framework that integrates camera and LiDAR data to enhance perception performance in intelligent transportation systems. By leveraging the complementary strengths of LiDAR and camera sensors, our framework utilizes the geometry information from LiDAR and the semantic information from cameras to achieve an accurate cooperative perception

Meng, Zonglin, Xia, Xin, Zheng, Zhaoliang, Gao, Letian, Liu, Wei, Zhu, Jiaqi, Ma, Jiaqi

SAE Truck & Off-Highway Engineering: December 2024

24TOFHP1212/12/2024

Demoing clean hydrogen combustion Backed by a consortium of companies, Southwest Research Institute's demonstrator vehicle aims to prove the commercial viability of hydrogen engines for on-road trucks. Improving the ageless ICE Clean-burning fuels, aftertreatment and other innovations place the heavy-duty combustion engine on a low-carbon emissions trajectory. Making software-defined vehicles cyber-secure Virtualization features such as digital twins and virtual patching can accelerate development and make commercial vehicles more agile and secure. Editorial Bauma the big one in 2025 CATL expands battery range for heavy-duty trucks and buses Donaldson's filters aim to keep fuel cells clean Shell's Starship 3.0 NG spotlights efficient powertrain, aero tech Sensata's sensors aid blind spot monitoring for tractor-trailers MTA expands wireless communication, EV tech for trucks Komatsu employs 'slick' battery swapping for underground LHD machine Liebherr, Fortescue reveal towering battery

Instructions for Using Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Communications, Interoperability, and Security Documents

J2836_202412 (Current)

12/12/2024

This SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) establishes the instructions for the documents required for the variety of potential functions for PEV communications, energy transfer options, interoperability, and security. This includes the history, current status, and future plans for migrating through these documents created in the Hybrid Communication and Interoperability Task Force, based on functional objective (e.g., [1] If I want to do V2G with an off-board inverter, what documents and items within them do I need, [2] What do we intend for V3 of SAE J2953, …).

Hybrid - EV Committee

Ethernet-Based IDS for Zonal Architecture

2024-28-0121

12/05/2024

In an era where automotive technology is rapidly advancing towards autonomy and connectivity, the significance of Ethernet in ensuring automotive cybersecurity cannot be overstated. As vehicles increasingly rely on high-speed communication networks like Ethernet, the seamless exchange of information between various vehicle components becomes paramount. This paper introduces a pioneering approach to fortifying automotive security through the development of an Ethernet-Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tailored for zonal architecture. Ethernet serves as the backbone for critical automotive applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, necessitating high-bandwidth communication channels to support real-time data transmission. Additionally, the transition from traditional domain-based architectures to zonal architectures underscores Ethernet's role in facilitating efficient communication between

Appajosyula, kalyanSaiVitalVamsi

UWB Based Communication for Electric Vehicle Battery Management System

2024-28-0149

12/05/2024

The Battery Management System (BMS) plays a vital role in managing the energy present in the high voltage battery pack of electric vehicles. The wired battery management system is commonly used in automotive applications. The known difficulties with the wired battery management system includes the intricate wiring harness, wiring failures, system scalability and high implementation costs. To mitigate the above challenges, the wireless battery management system is proposed. Several wireless protocols, including BLE, Zigbee, and 2.4GHz proprietary protocol, are being examined for wireless BMS. However, there are technical difficulties with these protocols to be applied in the battery pack environment. This research paper looks at the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) communication protocol for wireless BMS, considering UWB’s efficiency low latency and robust Radio Frequency (RF) performance. The UWB protocol is used to communicate between the Cell Supervisory Circuit (CSC) and the Battery Management

Dannana, Arun Kumar, Subbiah Subbulakshmi, Nallaperumal, Chandirasekaran, Ramachandran, Beemarajan, Mutharasu

Off-Highway Collision Avoidance System Leveraging Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything and Software-Defined Vehicle Architecture

02-17-04-0022

12/04/2024

The off-highway industry witnesses a vast growth in integrating new technologies such as advance driver assistance systems (ADAS/ADS) and connectivity to the vehicles. This is primarily due to the need for providing a safe operational domain for the operators and other people. Having a full perception of the vehicle’s surrounding can be challenging due to the unstructured nature of the field of operation. This research proposes a novel collective perception system that utilizes a C-V2X Roadside Unit (RSU)-based object detection system as well as an onboard perception system. The vehicle uses the input from both systems to maneuver the operational field safely. This article also explored implementing a software-defined vehicle (SDV) architecture on an off-highway vehicle aiming to consolidate the ADAS system hardware and enable over-the-air (OTA) software update capability. Test results showed that FEV’s collective perception system was able to provide the necessary nearby and non-line

Feiguel, Matthieu, Obando, David, Alzubi, Hamzeh, AlRousan, Qusay, Tasky, Thomas

Acquiring and Telemetering Test Data from Hypersonic Platforms

24AERP12_02

12/01/2024

Hypersonic platforms provide a challenge for flight test campaigns due to the application's flight profiles and environments. The hypersonic environment is generally classified as any speed above Mach 5, although there are finer distinctions, such as “high hypersonic” (between Mach 10 to 25) and “reentry” (above Mach 25). Hypersonic speeds are accompanied, in general, by a small shock standoff distance. As the Mach number increases, the entropy layer of the air around the platform changes rapidly, and there are accompanying vortical flows. Also, a significant amount of aerodynamic heating causes the air around the platform to disassociate and ionize. From a flight test perspective, this matters because the plasma and the ionization interfere with the radio frequency (RF) channels. This interference reduces the telemetry links' reliability and backup techniques must be employed to guarantee the reception of acquired data. Additionally, the flight test instrumentation (FTI) package needs

What is Drone Jamming and How Can it Be Countered?

24AERP12_06

12/01/2024

Deliberate RF jamming of drones has become one of the most common battlefield tactics in Ukraine. But what is jamming, how does it work and how can it be countered by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the field? Radio frequency (RF) jamming of drones involves deliberate interference with the radio signals used for communication between drones and their operators.

Researchers Use Ancient Japanese Art Method to Create Tunable Antennas

24AERP12_05

12/01/2024

The future of wireless technology - from charging devices to boosting communication signals - relies on the antennas that transmit electromagnetic waves becoming increasingly versatile, durable and easy to manufacture. Researchers at Drexel University and the University of British Columbia believe kirigami, the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create intricate three-dimensional designs, could provide a model for manufacturing the next generation of antennas. Recently published in the journal Nature Communications, research from the Drexel-UBC team showed how kirigami - a variation of origami - can transform a single sheet of acetate coated with conductive MXene ink into a flexible 3D microwave antenna whose transmission frequency can be adjusted simply by pulling or squeezing to slightly shift its shape.

Honda pioneering new manufacturing tech for Zero electrified platform

24AUTP12_12

12/01/2024

Honda has long been at the cutting edge of mobility and tech, with everything from the Asimo robot of 20 years ago to plans for reusable rockets to launch lightweight satellites into orbit. During a Tech Day event in early October in Tochigi, Japan, the Japanese automaker announced further details of its upcoming Honda 0 architecture (Honda calls it “Honda Zero” but writes it with the number), its first in-house electric platform designed from the ground up. Honda also discussed some of the advanced manufacturing techniques it's pioneering to reach its core design and technology tenants.

Bassett, Abigail

MAKING SOFTWARE-DEFINED VEHICLES CYBER-SECURE

24TOFHP12_03

12/01/2024

Virtualization features such as digital twins and virtual patching can accelerate development and make commercial vehicles more agile and secure. There is one sure-fire way to secure commercial vehicles from cyber-attacks. “You just remove the connectivity,” quipped Brandon Barry, CEO of Block Harbor Cybersecurity and the moderator of a panel session on “cybersecurity of virtual machines” at the SAE COMVEC 2024 conference in Schaumburg, Illinois. Obviously, that train has left the station - commercial vehicles of all types, including trains, are only becoming more automated and connected, which increases the risks for cyber-attacks. “We have very connected vehicles, so attacks can be posed not just through powertrain solutions but also through telemetry, infotainment systems connected to different applications and services, and also through cloud platforms,” said Trisha Chatterjee, current product support and data specialist for fuel cell and hydrogen technology at Accelera by Cummins.

Gehm, Ryan

MTA expands wireless communication, EV tech for trucks

24TOFHP12_09

12/01/2024

Automotive electrical and electronics manufacturer MTA attended IAA Transportation for the first time, demonstrating its new range of wireless communication technologies for the truck industry. Earlier this year, the company acquired Calearo Antenne S.p.A, a company with a long history of producing antennas, amplifiers and cables. MTA global sales director Davide Bonelli explained to Truck & Off-Highway Engineering how that acquisition complements its business. “From a more strategic point of view, we see the world of antennas as complementary to what MTA does,” he said. “Often MTA products have an antenna as an interface, so this is one reason why we have done the deal. There are also a lot of synergies from an engineering standpoint. Historically, MTA is a company that uses many mechanical parts - plastics, metals - which we are very strong with so we can share them. And there are also some competences from Calearo Antenne that can be transferred to us.”

Kendall, John

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 4328