Browse Topic: Telecommunications

Items (4,306)
In the automotive industry, the zonal architecture is a design approach that organizes a vehicle’s electronic and communication systems into specific zones. These zones group components based on their function and physical location, enabling more efficient integration and simplified communication between the vehicle’s various systems. An important aspect of this architecture is the implementation of the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. CAN is a serial communication protocol developed specifically for automotive applications, allowing various electronic devices within a vehicle, such as sensors, actuators, and Electronic Control Units (ECUs), to communicate with each other quickly and reliably, sharing information essential for the vehicle’s operation. However, due to its limitations, there is a need for more efficient protocols like Automotive Ethernet and Controller Area Network Flexible (CAN FD), which allow for higher transmission rates and larger data packets. To centralize
Santos, Felipe CarvalhoSilva, Antônio LucasPaterlini, BrunoPedroso, Henrique GomesAlves, Joyce MartinsMilani, Pedro Henrique PiresKlepa, Rogério Bonette
In response to the escalating demand for high-performance, miniaturized, and integrated radio frequency (RF) systems, this research explores the application of the Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC XCZU47DR chip in the realm of integrated RF transceiver technology. An 8-channel, 4.8Gsps multi-channel distributed collaborative spectrum sensing architecture has been designed, incorporating lightweight IQ neural network, which comprises a convolutional layer, three Bottleneck Units (BNU), a Global Average Pooling (GAP) layer, and a Fully Connected (FC) layer. Notably, each BNU encapsulates one or two inverted bottleneck residual blocks that integrate the concepts of inverted residual blocks and linear bottlenecks. The parameter counts and computational complexity associated with the convolution operation are significantly reduced to merely 11.89% of those required by traditional networks. The performance metrics of the hardware circuit were validated through a constructed test system. Within a 2GHz
Chen, WangjieYang, JianZhu, WeiqiangShi, SonghuaZhou, MingyuFan, Zhenhong
Cooperative perception has attracted wide attention given its capability to leverage shared information across connected automated vehicles (CAVs) and smart infrastructure to address the occlusion and sensing range limitation issues. To date, existing research is mainly focused on prototyping cooperative perception using only one type of sensor such as LiDAR and camera. In such cases, the performance of cooperative perception is constrained by individual sensor limitations. To exploit the multi-modality of sensors to further improve distant object detection accuracy, in this paper, we propose a unified multi-modal multi-agent cooperative perception framework that integrates camera and LiDAR data to enhance perception performance in intelligent transportation systems. By leveraging the complementary strengths of LiDAR and camera sensors, our framework utilizes the geometry information from LiDAR and the semantic information from cameras to achieve an accurate cooperative perception
Meng, ZonglinXia, XinZheng, ZhaoliangGao, LetianLiu, WeiZhu, JiaqiMa, Jiaqi
Modern vehicles are increasingly integrating electronic control units (ECUs), enhancing their intelligence but also amplifying potential security threats. Vehicle network security testing is crucial for ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles. ECUs communicate via the in-vehicle network, adhering to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol. Due to its exposed interfaces, lack of data encryption, and absence of identity authentication, the CAN network is susceptible to exploitation by attackers. Fuzz testing is a critical technique for uncovering vulnerabilities in CAN network. However, existing fuzz testing methods primarily generate message randomly, lacking learning from the data, which results in numerous ineffective test cases, affecting the efficiency of fuzz testing. To improve the effectiveness and specificity of testing, understanding of the CAN message format is essential. However, the communication matrix of CAN messages is proprietary to the Original Equipment
Shen, LinXiu, JiapengZhang, ZhuopengYang, Zhengqiu
This study delves into the application of the fireworks algorithm (FWA) based on swarm intelligence decision in multi-device resource scheduling. By simulating the process of fireworks explosion, this algorithm efficiently searches for global optimal solutions, demonstrating good stability and optimization performance. In comparison to traditional heuristic algorithms, FWA shows advantages such as simplicity, local coverage, and robustness when addressing multi-device resource scheduling issues. Through experimental validation and result analysis, we conclude that the resource optimization model based on FWA exhibits significant superiority in multi-device resource scheduling, enabling faster identification of global optimal solutions and maintaining consistent optimization outcomes. Moreover, FWA displays high robustness and is applicable to various types of resource scheduling problems, particularly excelling in multi-device collaborative scenarios. In summary, this research presents
Chen, WangjieLi, WenlongZhu, WeiqiangShi, SonghuaZhou, MingyuFan, Zhenhong
This SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) establishes the instructions for the documents required for the variety of potential functions for PEV communications, energy transfer options, interoperability, and security. This includes the history, current status, and future plans for migrating through these documents created in the Hybrid Communication and Interoperability Task Force, based on functional objective (e.g., [1] If I want to do V2G with an off-board inverter, what documents and items within them do I need, [2] What do we intend for V3 of SAE J2953
Hybrid - EV Committee
In an era where automotive technology is rapidly advancing towards autonomy and connectivity, the significance of Ethernet in ensuring automotive cybersecurity cannot be overstated. As vehicles increasingly rely on high-speed communication networks like Ethernet, the seamless exchange of information between various vehicle components becomes paramount. This paper introduces a pioneering approach to fortifying automotive security through the development of an Ethernet-Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tailored for zonal architecture. Ethernet serves as the backbone for critical automotive applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, necessitating high-bandwidth communication channels to support real-time data transmission. Additionally, the transition from traditional domain-based architectures to zonal architectures underscores Ethernet's role in facilitating efficient communication between
Appajosyula, kalyanSaiVitalVamsi
The Battery Management System (BMS) plays a vital role in managing the energy present in the high voltage battery pack of electric vehicles. The wired battery management system is commonly used in automotive applications. The known difficulties with the wired battery management system includes the intricate wiring harness, wiring failures, system scalability and high implementation costs. To mitigate the above challenges, the wireless battery management system is proposed. Several wireless protocols, including BLE, Zigbee, and 2.4GHz proprietary protocol, are being examined for wireless BMS. However, there are technical difficulties with these protocols to be applied in the battery pack environment. This research paper looks at the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) communication protocol for wireless BMS, considering UWB’s efficiency low latency and robust Radio Frequency (RF) performance. The UWB protocol is used to communicate between the Cell Supervisory Circuit (CSC) and the Battery Management
Dannana, Arun KumarSubbiah Subbulakshmi, NallaperumalChandirasekaran, RamachandranBeemarajan, Mutharasu
The off-highway industry witnesses a vast growth in integrating new technologies such as advance driver assistance systems (ADAS/ADS) and connectivity to the vehicles. This is primarily due to the need for providing a safe operational domain for the operators and other people. Having a full perception of the vehicle’s surrounding can be challenging due to the unstructured nature of the field of operation. This research proposes a novel collective perception system that utilizes a C-V2X Roadside Unit (RSU)-based object detection system as well as an onboard perception system. The vehicle uses the input from both systems to maneuver the operational field safely. This article also explored implementing a software-defined vehicle (SDV) architecture on an off-highway vehicle aiming to consolidate the ADAS system hardware and enable over-the-air (OTA) software update capability. Test results showed that FEV’s collective perception system was able to provide the necessary nearby and non-line
Feiguel, MatthieuObando, DavidAlzubi, HamzehAlRousan, QusayTasky, Thomas
A research team led by Rice University’s Edward Knightly has uncovered an eavesdropping security vulnerability in high-frequency and high-speed wireless backhaul links, widely employed in critical applications such as 5G wireless cell phone signals and low-latency financial trading on Wall Street
Imagine the Moon as a hub of manufacturing, construction, and even human life. It’s no longer a far-fetched idea baked in science fiction lore — increased interest and investment in space exploration are pushing efforts to develop the technologies needed to make the moon a viable home for humans
The future of wireless technology - from charging devices to boosting communication signals - relies on the antennas that transmit electromagnetic waves becoming increasingly versatile, durable and easy to manufacture. Researchers at Drexel University and the University of British Columbia believe kirigami, the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create intricate three-dimensional designs, could provide a model for manufacturing the next generation of antennas. Recently published in the journal Nature Communications, research from the Drexel-UBC team showed how kirigami - a variation of origami - can transform a single sheet of acetate coated with conductive MXene ink into a flexible 3D microwave antenna whose transmission frequency can be adjusted simply by pulling or squeezing to slightly shift its shape
Automotive electrical and electronics manufacturer MTA attended IAA Transportation for the first time, demonstrating its new range of wireless communication technologies for the truck industry. Earlier this year, the company acquired Calearo Antenne S.p.A, a company with a long history of producing antennas, amplifiers and cables. MTA global sales director Davide Bonelli explained to Truck & Off-Highway Engineering how that acquisition complements its business. “From a more strategic point of view, we see the world of antennas as complementary to what MTA does,” he said. “Often MTA products have an antenna as an interface, so this is one reason why we have done the deal. There are also a lot of synergies from an engineering standpoint. Historically, MTA is a company that uses many mechanical parts - plastics, metals - which we are very strong with so we can share them. And there are also some competences from Calearo Antenne that can be transferred to us
Kendall, John
Honda has long been at the cutting edge of mobility and tech, with everything from the Asimo robot of 20 years ago to plans for reusable rockets to launch lightweight satellites into orbit. During a Tech Day event in early October in Tochigi, Japan, the Japanese automaker announced further details of its upcoming Honda 0 architecture (Honda calls it “Honda Zero” but writes it with the number), its first in-house electric platform designed from the ground up. Honda also discussed some of the advanced manufacturing techniques it's pioneering to reach its core design and technology tenants
Bassett, Abigail
Deliberate RF jamming of drones has become one of the most common battlefield tactics in Ukraine. But what is jamming, how does it work and how can it be countered by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the field? Radio frequency (RF) jamming of drones involves deliberate interference with the radio signals used for communication between drones and their operators
Hypersonic platforms provide a challenge for flight test campaigns due to the application's flight profiles and environments. The hypersonic environment is generally classified as any speed above Mach 5, although there are finer distinctions, such as “high hypersonic” (between Mach 10 to 25) and “reentry” (above Mach 25). Hypersonic speeds are accompanied, in general, by a small shock standoff distance. As the Mach number increases, the entropy layer of the air around the platform changes rapidly, and there are accompanying vortical flows. Also, a significant amount of aerodynamic heating causes the air around the platform to disassociate and ionize. From a flight test perspective, this matters because the plasma and the ionization interfere with the radio frequency (RF) channels. This interference reduces the telemetry links' reliability and backup techniques must be employed to guarantee the reception of acquired data. Additionally, the flight test instrumentation (FTI) package needs
Virtualization features such as digital twins and virtual patching can accelerate development and make commercial vehicles more agile and secure. There is one sure-fire way to secure commercial vehicles from cyber-attacks. “You just remove the connectivity,” quipped Brandon Barry, CEO of Block Harbor Cybersecurity and the moderator of a panel session on “cybersecurity of virtual machines” at the SAE COMVEC 2024 conference in Schaumburg, Illinois. Obviously, that train has left the station - commercial vehicles of all types, including trains, are only becoming more automated and connected, which increases the risks for cyber-attacks. “We have very connected vehicles, so attacks can be posed not just through powertrain solutions but also through telemetry, infotainment systems connected to different applications and services, and also through cloud platforms,” said Trisha Chatterjee, current product support and data specialist for fuel cell and hydrogen technology at Accelera by Cummins
Gehm, Ryan
Researchers have developed a new method for predicting what data wireless computing users will need before they need it, making wireless networks faster and more reliable. The new method makes use of a technique called a “digital twin,” which effectively clones the network it is supporting
Imagine you had a dedicated wireless channel for communication that was hundreds of times faster than the Wi-Fi we use today, with hundreds of times more bandwidth. That dream may not be far off thanks to the development of metasurfaces: tiny engineered sheets that can reflect and otherwise direct light in desired ways
Researchers have achieved data rates as high as 424Gbit/s across a 53-km turbulent free-space optical link using plasmonic modulators — devices that uses special light waves called surface plasmon polaritons to control and change optical signals. The new research lays the groundwork for high-speed optical communication links that transmit data over open air or space
Hamdi Torun Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya Gunhan Dundar Ozgue Kaya Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
Wearable devices that use sensors to monitor biological signals can play an important role in health care. These devices provide valuable information that allows providers to predict, diagnose, and treat a variety of conditions while improving access to care and reducing costs
Researchers have been testing ways to continuously and more comfortably detect these tiny fluctuations in pressure. A prototype smart contact lens measures eye pressure accurately, regardless of temperature. The contact lens wirelessly transmits real-time signals about eye pressure across a wide range of temperatures
ABSTRACT: Ground vehicle survivability and protection systems and subsystems are increasingly employing sensors to augment and enhance overall platform survivability. These systems sense and measure select attributes of the operational environment and pass this measured “data” to a computational controller which then produces a survivability or protective system response based on that computed data. The data collected is usually narrowly defined for that select system’s purpose and is seldom shared or used by adjacent survivability and protection subsystems. The Army approach toward centralized protection system processing (MAPS Modular APS Controller) provides promise that sensor data will be more judiciously shared between platform protection subsystems in the future. However, this system in its current form, falls short of the full protective potential that could be realized from the cumulative sum of sensor data. Platform protection and survivability can be dramatically enhanced if
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present CLICS, a program that optimizes convoy vehicle tracks by intelligently combining sensor updates of all vehicles in the convoy in a distributed, cooperative localization system. Currently, follower vehicles in the convoy rely either on GPS breadcrumbs from the lead vehicle, or rely on sensing the location of its predecessor and following its path. However, GPS availability and accuracy oftentimes cause the former solution to fail, and accumulated errors in tracking and control in long convoys can cause the latter solution to fail. Robotic Research’s CLICS system attempts to overcome these problems by (1) integrating multiple heterogeneous sensor outputs from multiple vehicles (2) developing a distributed, real-time non-linear estimation of inter-vehicle pose using spring network providing coordinated localization for members of a vehicle convoy, and (3) real-time robust synchronization of information amongst the convoy, and local convoy and mission
Wilhelm, RayBalas, CristianSchneider, AnneKlarquist, WilliamLacaze, AlbertoMurphy, Karl
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the use of PKI within intra vehicle networks in compliance with the VICTORY specification. It will describe how the use of PKI within vehicle networks can leverage and integrate with the other PKI efforts across the Army to ensure a consistent and interoperable solution. It will also describe some of the challenges with implementing PKI as part of VICTORY and introduce possible solutions to address these challenges
Fedorchak, Bob
Internet of vehicles (IoV) system as a typical application scenario of smart city, trajectory planning is one of the key technologies of the system. However, there are some unstructured spaces such as road shoulders and slopes pose challenges for trajectory planning of connected-automated vehicle (CAV). Therefore, this paper addresses the problem of CAV trajectory planning affected by unstructured space. Firstly, based on cyber-physical system (CPS), the cyber-physical trajectory planning system (CPTPS) framework was built. A high-precision digital twin CAV is established based on the physical properties and geometric constraints of CAV, and the digital model is mapped to cyber space of the CPTPS. In order to further reduce the energy consumption of the CAV during driving and the time spent from the start to the end, a model was established. Further, based on the sand cat swarm hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (SCSHPSO), global path planning for connected-automated vehicles
Ma, ShiziMa, ZhitaoShi, YingYang, ZhongkaiLai, DaoyinQi, Zhiguo
ABSTRACT This paper presents a Mobility Virtual Environment (MoVE) for testing multi-vehicle autonomy scenarios with real and simulated vehicles and pedestrians. MoVE is a network-centric framework designed to represent N real and M virtual vehicles interacting and possibly communicating with each other in the same coordinate frame with a common timestamp. The goal is to provide a spectrum of test options from simulation-only to semi-virtual, to all real vehicles and pedestrians. A multi-vehicle test fidelity metric is defined that captures scenario realism more accurately than traditional hardware-in-the-loop style terminology. MoVE’s simple built-in vehicle models are described that provide positions in both latitude and longitude and Cartesian UTM XYZ coordinates. Live GPS inputs from real people or vehicles allow both virtual and real vehicles to interact through the virtual environment. Test results are presented from three experiments with real and virtual vehicles and
Compere, MarcAdkins, KevinLegon, OttoCurrier, Patrick
ABSTRACT Robotic platforms require accurate geo-spatial localization for high-level mission planning, real-time site reconnaissance, and multi-machine collaboration. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers are most commonly used to provide UGVs with accurate geolocation. However, GNSS is not reliable in contested environments because it is vulnerable to jamming, spoofing and black-outs. To address these issues, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) -Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed the Active Terrain Localization Imagery System (ATLIS) which uses on-board perception and a priori satellite imagery to eliminate reliance on GNSS for global positioning of a ground vehicle. Using LiDAR and camera imagery, ATLIS creates a vehicle-centric, orthorectified image that is compared to an a priori satellite image using template matching. It then produces a global position estimate for the vehicle. We develop a method to estimate the uncertainty
Niles, KennethBunkley, StevenWagner, W. JacobBlankenau, IsaacNetchaev, AntonSoylemezoglu, Ahmet
ABSTRACT Sharing information among vehicles in an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) convoy allows for improved vehicle performance and reduces the need for each vehicle to be equipped with a full-suite of sensors. Information such as obstacle data, surface properties, and terrain maps are particularly useful for vehicle control and high-level behaviors. This paper describes a system architecture for sharing semantic information among vehicles in a convoy operation. This architecture is demonstrated by sharing terrain information between vehicles in a two-vehicle convoy in both simulation and on actual autonomous vehicles. Update rules fuse information from different sources in a statistical manner and allow for an onboard algorithm to make high-level decisions about the incoming data whether it be from its own sensors or semantic information from other vehicles
Ferrin, Jeffrey L.Bybee, Taylor C.
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