Browse Topic: Telematics

Items (214)
The electrification of drayage fleets offers potential economic and operational benefits, but the financial viability of electrified vehicles remains sensitive to battery cost, energy price, and fleet usage patterns. While total cost of ownership (TCO) is a useful benchmark, fleet operators and investors are equally concerned with investment performance metrics such as payback period (PB) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which better reflect financial risks and investment return timelines. This study develops a unified techno-economic framework that jointly evaluates TCO, PB, and IRR to determine when electrified trucks become cost-effective alternatives to diesel trucks. Building on a previously developed cost modeling tool and using real-world telematics data from a Class 8 drayage fleet at the Port of Savannah, the analysis incorporates projected battery cost trajectories, electricity and diesel price trends, vehicle efficiency improvements, and multiple battery capacities. Parameter ranges reflect widely cited projections and observed drayage-duty-cycle variability. A surrogate-modeling method approximates economic performance across thousands of battery cost–electricity price combinations, enabling high-resolution identification of conditions that achieve TCO parity, acceptable PB thresholds, and target IRR levels. Additionally, the study estimates the evolving share of the fleet that can feasibly electrify over time under multiple economic metrics. This integrated framework offers a novel, data-driven approach to inform risk-aware decision-making for fleet electrification and supports investment planning under evolving cost and operational conditions.
Sun, RuixiaoSujan, VivekGoulet, NathanWang, Qixing
Accurate identification of Productive and Non-Productive States or tractor duty cycles—comprising working, idle, and transport states—is critical for performance analysis, fuel optimization, and emissions modeling in agriculture machinery and fleet monitoring. This study explores the application of integrated unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques to classify duty cycles using GPS-derived parameters such as speed, location variance, and temporal patterns. Unlike supervised approaches, the proposed method does not rely on several labeled engine and vehicle parameters, making it scalable and adaptable across diverse operational contexts. Clustering algorithm DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) in integration with hybrid rule-based and a road feature is employed to segment GPS data into distinct behavioral states. Feature engineering focuses on extracting motion signatures and spatial-temporal features that correlate with operational modes. Validation against manually annotated datasets demonstrates high accuracy in distinguishing idle, working, and transport phases. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that by accurately determining the operational status of the tractor, unnecessary idling can be prevented through an idle avoidance system. Additionally, after assessing transport and working conditions, a movement-based control system for tire pressure adjustment is proposed. Both strategies have the potential to reduce fuel consumption by approximately 5-7%; however, this lies outside the scope of the present work. The framework offers a robust, data-driven solution for duty cycle monitoring and can be integrated into telematics systems for predictive maintenance and operational efficiency of the tractors.
Maharana, Devi prasadGangsar, PurushottamDharmadhikari, NitinPandey, Anand Kumar
The automotive industry is continuously evolving at high pace to meet rising customer expectations, reliability, reduced maintenance, and most relevant, compliance with stringent emission norms. Traditionally, the analysis of vehicle emissions relies heavily on periodic inspections and manual checks. These conventional methods are often time-consuming, prone to human error, and lack the ability to provide real-time insights. Also, identifying failures due to non-manufacturing issues require meticulous physical inspections and historical data reviews, which are not always accurate or timely. Telematics or Connected cars technology being one of the major technological innovations in recent times revolutionizes these processes by enabling real-time data exchange between vehicles and external systems. The current study presents an innovative approach to utilizing telematics data for real-time monitoring of vehicle emissions and pinpointing Catalytic converter failures by analyzing vehicle probe data retrieved from telematics system aimed to identify fuel adulteration events or CNG kit retrofitments that can compromise vehicle performance and longevity. The methodology involves continuous data transmission from telematics devices to the cloud, where the system monitors vehicle emissions in real-time and alerts customers of potential failures. Further to identify the cause of failure, the telematics raw data is processed and aggregated for analysis using statistical models to detect potential fuel tank cleaning due to incorrect or adulterated fuel filling done in the past. This process is validated through a two-level model, ensuring accuracy in detecting fuel adulteration instances. The key advantage of this approach lies in its server-based high-speed processing, which eliminates the resource burden involved during physical inspection and testing of failed parts and enhances detection capabilities compared to existing solutions. This innovative method not only improves vehicle maintenance and customer satisfaction but also ensures compliance with emission norms, thereby contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable environment.
Dev, TriyambakPrasad, Kakaraparti AgamKalkur, VarunModak, SaikatAGARWAL, ShashankChandra, AnimeshPaul, VarshaGarg, AmitSundararaman, VenkataramanBose, Sushant
This paper presents the design of a cost-effective fuel injector driver designed for accelerated testing of injectors. The driver simulates injection patterns across a wide range of vehicle operating conditions and can be programmed with injection maps for different engines, test cycles based on drawing specifications, pre-defined engine running profiles, and manual control, where the user defines PWM frequency and duty cycle. It also enables remote operation through a Wi Fi access point. An injector driver-based test setup was developed to study wear and evaluate leakage tendency in an injector design. To simulate extended field usage in a short timeframe, an accelerated operating cycle was derived using telematics data. Injector samples were tested with periodic leak rate measurements. Conducting such tests at vehicle level or on engine test bench would involve significant time and cost. This setup is an effective tool for rapid comparative analysis across supplier design, enabling data driven product selection. It can also be used for quick evaluation of design improvement features introduced in injectors. The flexible architecture and remote operability make it a valuable tool for future injector development and validation.
Bhatt, PanchamAgrawal, AdheeshKuchhal, Abhinav
Remote monitoring of commercial vehicles is taking an increasingly central position in automotive companies, driven by the growth of the on-road freight transportation sector. Specifically, telematics devices are increasingly gaining importance in monitoring powertrain operability, performance, reliability, sustainability, and maintainability. These systems enable real-time data collection and analysis, offering valuable support in resolving issues that may occur on the road. Moreover, the fault codes, called Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), that arise during actual road driving constitute fundamental information when combined with several engine parameters updated every second. This integration provides a more accurate assessment of vehicle conditions, allowing proactive maintenance strategies. The principal goal is to deliver an even faster response for resolving sudden issues, thus minimizing vehicle downtime. High-resolution data transmission and failure event information facilitates the bench simulation of actual missions. Precisely, a real-world mission affected by a DTC and characterized by DPF active regeneration was replicated on a test bench using telematics data. Engine behavior has been reproduced through recorded engine speed and pedal position traces, enabling comparison with the original event. A map-based model, derived from telematics data, has been then developed to estimate DPF soot loading level. Starting from two pre-existing maps, an experimental campaign allows the definition of an additional map, enabling the model to closely match the signal of the soot mass amount provided by the ECU. It represents a proprietary value not accessible via telematics. Additionally, to further reduce mission dependency, a correlation based on the same key variables has been formulated, and a good agreement is highlighted. Therefore, the scope of the activity is to investigate the formulation of a Telematics-Based model that provides a diagnostic-relevant estimation using only accessible signals.
D'Agostino, ValerioCardone, MassimoMancaruso, EzioRossetti, SalvatoreMarialto, Renato
Automotive industries focus on driver safety leading to raising improvements and advancements in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to avoid collisions and provide safety and comfort to the drivers. This paper proposes a novel approach toward Driver health and fatigue monitoring systems that uses cabin cameras and biometric sensors communicating continuously with vehicle telematics systems to enhance real-time monitoring and predictive intervention. The data from the camera and biometric sensors is sent to the machine learning algorithm (LSBoost) which processes the data and if anything is wrong concerning the driver's behavior then immediately it communicates with vehicle telematics and sends information to the emergency services. This approach enhances driver safety and reduces accidents caused due to health-related driver impairment. This system comprises several sensors and fusion algorithms are applied between different sensors like cabin camera and biometric sensors, all these sensors are placed inside the driver compartment without disturbing the driver's comfort and functionality. The input from all these sensors is feed to a centralized processing unit, where advanced sensor fusion technology and machine learning algorithms are used for processing the raw data information. Especially selective machine learning models are used to detect patterns indicative of driver behavior such as drowsiness, fatigue, etc. The alerts will initially notify the driver. If the driver doesn’t respond, the alerts will then be forwarded to the vehicle’s telematics system, which in turn will notify emergency services like ambulance, or designated contacts. This paper presents the architecture of the driver health monitoring system and the effectiveness of the proposed system is validated to the simulated model in the MATLAB environment showcasing its potential and ability to significantly enhance driver safety.
Bhargav, Matavalam
Based on advanced Automotive functionality, Vehicle networks has enabled the exchange of data to multiple domains and to meet these demands, more complex software applications, some of which require service-based cloud are developed. Exposure of data creates multiple threats for attacker to tamper security and privacy. Automotive cybersecurity topic has gained momentum based on multiple gaps identified in Automotive In vehicle and around the vehicle networks. In this paper, we provide an extensive overview on V2C (Vehicle to Cloud) and In-vehicle data protection, we also highlight methods to identify threats on any vehicle network connected to V2C and identify methods to verify security functionality using Fuzz or Penetration test protocol, we have identified gaps in existing security solutions and outline possible open issues and probable solution.
Panda, JyotiprakashJain, Rushabh Deepakchand
A suite of recent policy and legislative initiatives are prioritizing a shift towards electrification of the personal-use vehicle fleet. This agenda is intimately tied to another complex issue: the sustainability of the primary transportation funding source (i.e., the gas tax—also known as the motor fuel tax). What makes this particularly hard is that gasoline consumption is only a proxy for “amount of travel.” With diversification in fuel sources and a concerted movement towards non-fossil fuel sources to power vehicles, any specific fuel source would be (at best) a weak or (at worst) grossly inequitable representation for amount of travel. Toward an Integrated Transportation Pricing Approach Using Vehicle-based Technologies will focus on some of the larger questions for an integrated pricing system based on miles driven that are measured directly using vehicle-based or in-vehicle technology communicating directly with infrastructure systems. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Sethi, Sonika S.
Good driving practices, encompassing actions like maintaining smooth acceleration, sustaining a consistent speed, and avoiding aggressive maneuvers, can yield several benefits. These practices enhance energy efficiency, reduce accident risks, and significantly lower maintenance costs. Consequently, the presence of a system capable of providing actionable insights to promote such driving behavior is crucial. Addressing this need, the Drive-GPT model is introduced, representing an AI-based generative pre-trained transformer. Within this study, the transformative potential of deep learning networks, specifically based on transformers, is showcased in capturing the typical driving patterns exhibited by individuals in diverse road, traffic, weather, and vehicle health scenarios. The model's training dataset comprises an extensive 90 million data points from multivariate time series originating from telematics systems in 100 vehicles traversing eight distinct Indian cities over a six-month span. These pre-trained models offer substantial utility for downstream applications, including the computation of driving scores, generation of driving recommendations, and the classification of driving behavior as either proficient or suboptimal. The performance evaluation on test data indicates commendable results, with a coefficient of determination (R-squared) of 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0346. Furthermore, a discernible differentiation emerges in terms of energy efficiency and regenerative braking between good and suboptimal driving behaviors. Notably, this differentiation leads to a notable 25% improvement in energy efficiency and an 18% enhancement in regenerative capabilities.
Kumar, VedantJain, SiddhantSoni, NimishSaran, Amitabh
The Auto industry has relied upon traditional testing methodologies for product development and Quality testing since its inception. As technology changed, it brought a shift in customer demand for better vehicles with the highest quality standards. With the advent of EVs, OEMs are looking to reduce the going-to-market time for their products to win the EV race. Traditional testing methodologies have relied upon data received from various stakeholders and based on the same tests are planned. The data used is highly subjective and lacks variety. OEMs across the world are betting big on telematics solutions by pushing more and more vehicles with telematics devices as standard fitment. The data from such vehicles which gets generated in high levels of volume, variety and velocity can aid in the new age of vehicle testing. This live data cannot be simply simulated in test environments. The device generates hundreds of signals, frequently in a fraction of seconds. Multiple such signals can be combined to create KPIs that correspond to specific traits of vehicle health. Specific telematics KPIs can be used as inputs in test benches. With this data, the vehicle gets tested against real-world conditions. Another important aspect of vehicle testing is road conditions. OEMs can only do so much in testing the vehicles in various different road conditions. However, with telematics devices road condition data can be directly generated corresponding to the international roughness index. This data along with KPIs will bring in a new perspective of vehicle development testing and enable the manufacturer to better understand market problems and to take effective countermeasures. With these KPIs, Possibilities are limitless, and these data can be used to create a digital twin of the vehicle, enabling the OEM to assess the vehicle without even physically attending.
Sahoo, PriyabrataSingh, SaurabhPrasad, Kakaraparti Agam
The power of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) continues to increase alongside vehicle code and software complexity. To ensure ADAS functionality and maximize safety, cost efficiency, and customer satisfaction, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) must adopt a solution that allows them to mine data, extract meaningful information, send remote software updates and bug fixes, and manage software complexity. All of this is possible with an embedded telematics-based software and data management solution. Event-based logging enables OEMs to actively measure ADAS effectiveness and performance. It allows them to analyze driver behaviors, such as whether response times increase after a certain time of day, and adjust the ADAS settings to increase functionality, such as providing an earlier warning or automated response. A vertically integrated solution also enables the identification and correction of software and calibration defects for the entire vehicle life cycle through over-the-air (OTA) software update packages. This eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming dealer visits and allows troubleshooting, updates, repairs, and recalibration to be performed remotely. There are industry-wide benefits of deep connectivity as well, such as the sharing of critical and safety-related data to make functional enhancements and use in the creation of a real-world safety rating system instead of one based on lab data and general speculation. Connected services are essential for not only the future of ADAS but also for the creation of a safer driving environment for all. In this paper we will: Look at emerging trends in ADAS vehicle systems Show how connected vehicle data can measure real-world ADAS performance, including false positives and false negatives Show how connected vehicle data can be used to understand driver behaviors including usage patterns and feedback responsiveness Show how systems can be maintained and enhanced throughout the product life cycle in a cost-effective manner
Parle, AmberSchwinke, SteveSikaria, MayankSawant, Amol
The paper presents an approach used to generate a customer-oriented drive cycle using the MATLAB-based drive cycle generation tool for EVs developed by Isuzu Technical Center of America. The drive cycle generation tool extracts important features from the customer vehicle data and compares it with the globally used pre-existing candidate cycle to generate a representative drive cycle. The tool can read multiple file formats of preprocessed data or raw data from the vehicle telematics systems. This data is then processed using a unique and efficient algorithm developed by the Isuzu engineers, calculating seven important vehicle dynamic parameters. These selected parameters are compared with the pre-existing candidate cycles used across the globe in multiple iterations to generate a custom representative drive cycle that best fits real-world customer driving behavior. The generated drive cycles are then validated using the 1D vehicle model in the GT-POWER tool, resulting in a fidelity of more than 95% [1] concerning the governing criteria and seven key parameters. The tool provides high flexibility and control over the process of generating a drive cycle. The seven key parameters selected in this tool are prominent parameters used globally to evaluate vehicle performance. By altering one of these parameters, one can simulate vehicle operation under various use scenarios. The tool gives users authority over the parameter weightage for drive cycle development. The drive cycle that is ultimately created using it will be a combination of varied proportions of the candidate cycles employed in the automotive sector [1]. This paper focuses on the usage of the tool, and the development of the tool has been explained. In this paper, the tool is utilized to analyze the 7 key parameters from customer driving patterns and these 7 parameters are used to develop a real-world drive cycle(routes) with the help of GT-RealDrive. The key parameters of these driving routes are then compared and judged based on correlation with the customer driving parameters and the best-suited iteration is finalized.
Saxena, SparshKudachi, BharatPasupathi, SanthoshBergsieker, Gerald
Jobsites look to overcome challenges posed by mixed fleets and proprietary telematics to achieve “one-dashboard” vision and increased machine utilization. Wouldn't it be great if the entire jobsite - the general contractor, subcontractors, designers, owners, equipment vendors and material suppliers - were all working in sync with the data that shifts with each condition change, progress report, change order, telematics warning and machine inspection? That the right people got the right information at the right time to make informed decisions? This “one-dashboard” vision is much easier said than done. The journey of one equipment manager illuminates the roadblocks. Several years ago, Langdon Mitchell, equipment division general manager for heavy civil contractor Morgan Corp., needed to have someone physically go machine-by-machine to update the software in his fleet.
Wartgow, Gregg
The ever-increasing amalgamation of electronics with the automotive industry in the past decade has seen an integration of various sensors like temperature sensors, RPM sensors, wheel speed sensors, etc. on a vehicle. These sensors have enabled a deep insight into vehicle behavior and a good perception of the operating conditions of the vehicle. The accelerometer is one such sensor, the advancement in the semiconductor industry has bred accelerometer sensors in a MEMs form, which is very cost-effective and also facilitates easy integration because of the microform factor. Moreover, As dictated by AIS 140 norms the Telematics ECUs must have a Triaxial accelerometer & Triaxial Gyro sensor integrated inside them. The data from these MEMs accelerometer and gyro sensors can be used to have a better insight on vehicle dynamics like cabin vibrations, Suspension performance, and External factors like road profile, etc., This data can also be used for safety applications like impact detection, Harsh acceleration (HA) and Harsh braking (HB) detection. One of the major drawbacks of MEMs accelerometers is they are prone to high noises in data. This paper illustrates the filtering of accelerometer data and compares various filters based on the type of application. The major focus of this paper will be on safety-related applications and the Kalman filter due to its feasibility for these applications and the dynamic nature of this filter. Wherein we compare the effect of the process noise covariance (Q) and sensor noise covariance (R) on the Kalman filter and optimize the filter for HA, HB, and Crash detection.
Hiwase, Shrikant DeokrishnaMahali, RakeshJAGTAP, PRAMOD
As noise levels within vehicle cabin plays very crucial part in purchasing commercial vehicles, reducing same through online Telematics data pattern analysis techniques during design and development phase is a key. The NVH validation technique with multichannel approach for capturing vibration and noise data at higher sampling frequency during design and validation differentiates from traditional manual approach. The framework uses online data collection at remote server and comparing same with decided rules, thresholds makes same easy for analysis. The hardware contains high speed processor, higher resolution ADC-Analog to Digital converter and multiple IOs for sensor integration. The system server has ability to collect in near real time with less latency and quite accurate at the noise making components like moving parts inside cabin. The online server data in turn will be useful to understand the pattern analysis after certain time, distance and at different terrains (hills/highway/city etc.). This will also indicates the load profile basis on the torque requirement from vehicle EMS ECU data at given point in time and its equivalent NVH effects at different parts in vehicle. This gives effective parts quality degradation w.r.to NVH levels and quick reduction of same is possible with online data available to SME. The technique involves non parametric pattern recognition and comparison with sensory data collected from different points in cabin. Streaming server along with data mining approach suggested in architecture ensures higher data throughput with quality which is very essential for precision NVH measurements and calibrations. The data characteristics can be plotted and visualize in very precise manner.
JAGTAP, Pramod PrakashMahali, RakeshKasliwal, Rajat
Connected vehicles has lot of applications coming up which involves Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V), to Infrastructure(V2I) communication techniques and many are getting deployed through frugal connectivity and security solutions. However, executing multiple customer centric, OEM centric and productivity services and applications needs lot of rigorous validation and bulk deployments. This needs lot of time, man efforts, and cost. Also quality of data collected from thousands of vehicles at every few seconds /minutes is matter of concern. There is a desperate need of telematics validation tools which can be customized as per OEM ad-hoc architecture. The suggested telematics smart testing and validation tool involves easy, configurable, and seamless options to test software updates in multiple variable nodes in connected onboard system architecture like telematics ECUs, multiple ECUs (EMS, ACM, IC, and Gateway ECU). The accuracy of the validation is more than 98% considering high sampling frequency of CAN messages on J1939 CAN bus. The system covers overall aspects and gives option to print direct reports to get the insights of the validation software which is under test. This tool does not need any human intervention once installed inside the vehicle and thereby reducing time and man efforts. The data from the telematics device and parallel CAN trans-receiver and connected module is compared and acceptable deviation is configured for quick checks and reports. FTP server is required for data ingress from telematics and ECUs. Tool uses low cost hardware and server to manage data. This tool has potential to have good data quality from vehicles.
JAGTAP, Pramod PrakashMahali, RakeshHiwase, Shrikant
A CAN transceiver with built-in security functions can avoid the complexity of end-to-end security solutions that are especially hard to implement on CVs. Commercial road vehicles are the backbone of the modern consumer economy. Almost any business from construction, to energy, to online retail at some point relies on the delivery of goods by commercial vehicles, which in turn are becoming increasingly connected both to the external world and to each other via telematics. This enables CV owners to optimize and manage their fleets via platooning for safety and efficiency improvements as well as cost and fuel-consumption reduction to meet the increasingly stringent CO2 emissions requirements necessitated by climate change. However, the increased connectivity brings with it an increase in cyberattack surfaces and CV fleets are prime targets for cybercrime due to the high value of the cargo they carry, and their importance to large businesses and the greater economy. While CV manufacturers are familiar with and prepared for the risk of physical attacks - typically carried out on one vehicle, such as odometer manipulation or theft - they may risk being caught by surprise at the scale and impact of what is possible with remote cyberattacks. Hackers can exploit a vehicle's wireless network or internet connection to gain entry into the vehicle's communication network and compromise security to access a vehicle's CAN (Controller Area Network) and take over remote management of the vehicle while it is in motion.
Sivaramakrishnan, Karthik
Vehicle failure prediction technology is an important part of PHM (Prognostic and Health Management) technology, which is of great significance to the safety of vehicles and to improve driving safety. Based on the vehicle operating data collected by the on-board terminal (T-box) of the telematics system, the research on the state of vehicle failure is conducted. First, this paper conducts statistical analysis on vehicle historical fault data. Preprocessing procedures such as cleaning, integration, and protocol are performed to group the data set. Then, three indexes including recency (R) frequency (F), and days (D) are selected to construct a vehicle security status subdivision system, and K -Means algorithm is utilized to divide different vehicle categories from the perspective of vehicle value. Labeled information of vehicles in different security status are further established. Moreover, taking engine faults as an example, this paper uses gray correlation analysis method to extract key fault characteristic parameters. Based on self-organizing mapping network theory (SOM), the fault prediction model is built. And, by learning the fault data of the vehicles and obtaining the characteristic differences between different states, the prediction of fault and evaluation of vehicle condition is completed. Finally, test data is selected to verify the prediction accuracy of the model.
Lu, ZhengLiu, JingxingZou, XiaojunZhong, HongZhang, AileiWang, Liangmo
The logistics process in Brazil and the world represents a significant portion of the cost of manufactured products, either for export or import. The availability of technologies that make the logistic process more efficient directly affects the product’s transportation productivity and makes them more competitive. This paper presents a telemetry model of commercial vehicles integrated with harvest machines in agriculture operations, allowing accurate scheduling of loading and unloading processes at the field. In this study, we introduce a conceptual model of a technological matrix, where the shared topologies of vehicle information processing help predict failures, identification of wear of vehicle and machine’s components. The opportunity is demonstrated to collect data from agricultural machines and combine them with data extracted from trucks. The sharing of information on farm machinery and trucks in real-time establishes an essential change in crop management in the field.
Abrahão, Luciano BreveFilho, João Francisco JustoYoshiokaFilho, Leopoldo Rideki
A Telematics Enabled Analytics Approach for Determining Tractor Usage2021-26-00899/22/2021
Tractor lease is an attractive proposition for farmers with small land holdings in India as initial investment required for purchasing a tractor is high [1]. The tractor is wet leased on a daily basis with the driver paid by the hour. Thus, there is a natural tendency by the driver to prolong the operation by taking frequent breaks adding to the overall input cost for the marginal farmer. Therefore, there is need to monitor these operations in real-time to ensure maximum utilization of tractors. The advent of connected and data driven technologies have positively disrupted several sectors including agriculture [2]. Vehicular and GPS (Global Positioning System) data from connected tractors powered by telematic devices can be effectively used for monitoring tractor’s health and position in real time using a mobile application. Moving beyond real-time monitoring, data obtained from connected tractors allow the computation of total field area and on-road distance covered during the day. These metrics enable usage-based pricing to pay for both driver’s labour and tractor rental thereby providing significant cost savings to farmers. The computation of field area and on-road distance covered is a challenging problem as it requires classification of geolocation data into field work and on-road travel points without the use of sophisticated sensors or user inputs. This work presents a telematics enabled analytics approach for monitoring tractor usage. The analytics module comprises of an algorithm that uses a clustering technique taking key vehicle parameters along with GPS data for determining the usage pattern. A polygon-based approach for area calculation is adopted that works for fields with irregular shapes. A novel feature to auto detect & deduce area of large untilled area patches enclosed within the field is also developed. The paper also highlights methods developed to reduce misclassification of GPS points and estimate usage during network connectivity issues.
Natteri, AjaySurendran, JayalakshmiPAUL RAJ BOB, BobPushparaj, KarthikeshGobi Subramanian, LoganathanNatarajan, SaravananSingha, Partha
Accurately characterizing vehicle drive cycles plays a fundamental role in assessing the performance of new vehicle technologies. Repeatable, short duration representative drive cycles facilitate more informed decision making, resulting in improved test procedures and more successful vehicle designs. With continued growth in the deployment of onboard telematics systems employing global positioning systems (GPS), large scale, low cost collection of real-world vehicle drive cycle data has become a reality. As a result of these technological advances, researchers, designers, and engineers are no longer constrained by lack of operating data when developing and optimizing technology, but rather by resources available for testing and simulation. Experimental testing is expensive and time consuming, therefore the need exists for a fast and accurate means of generating representative cycles from large volumes of real-world driving data. This paper explores the development and initial validation of a method of generating representative drive cycles from large collections of real-world vehicle data using a deterministic multivariate clustering approach. Starting with theory and diving into the methodology behind representative cycle generation, the paper aims to also present graphical and tabular results of initial validation via vehicle simulation and chassis dynamometer testing. Additional topics for further research and areas for ongoing development will also be presented.
Miller, EricDuran, Adam
Several GoPro camera models contain Global Positioning System (GPS), accelerometer, and gyroscope instrumentation and are capable of measuring and recording position, velocity, acceleration, and inertial data. This study evaluates the accuracy of GoPro telemetry data, with a specific focus on inertial measurements, through a series of controlled tests in a marine environment. A test vessel was instrumented with a Racelogic VBOX data acquisition unit as well as various generations of GoPro camera units equipped with telematics capability, and operated through a series of maneuvers on an inland lake. The raw data collected with the GoPro cameras were compared to data collected with the calibrated VBOX data acquisition unit. The results demonstrate that position, velocity, acceleration, and inertial data recorded with GoPro cameras is consistent with VBOX data and is appropriate for recording characteristic marine dynamic handling maneuvers.
Sanders, WendyPetroskey, KarlaTibavinsky, IvanVozza, Adriano
Selftrust - A Practical Approach for Trust Establishment2020-01-07204/14/2020
In recent years, with increase in external connectivity (V2X, telematics, mobile projection, BYOD) the automobile is becoming a target of cyberattacks and intrusions. Any such intrusion reduces customer trust in connected cars and negatively impacts brand image (like the recent Jeep Cherokee hack). To protect against intrusion, several mechanisms are available. These range from a simple secure CAN to a specialized symbiote defense software. A few systems (e.g. V2X) implement detection of an intrusion (defined as a misbehaving entity). However, most of the mechanisms require a system-wide change which adds to the cost and negatively impacts the performance. In this paper, we are proposing a practical and scalable approach to intrusion detection. Some benefits of our approach include use of existing security mechanisms such as TrustZone® and watermarking with little or no impact on cost and performance. In addition, our approach is scalable and does not require any system-wide changes. To detect intrusions, we propose a combination of TrustZone® secure space approach along with a mechanism of static and dynamic watermarks. The current scope of research is restricted to architectures which provide a secure space to execute software. The research is an enhancement over the current TrustZone® implementation for device control post intrusion. In conclusion, the proposed approach is a simple and scalable mechanism for detection and control of intrusion.
Abhyankar, Ranjit VinayakA, Sreenath
It is commonly believed that running-in behavior is related to engine reliability and fuel economy. This paper uses a methodology to find the influence of running-in, based on telematics data. In this paper, the key related telematics parameters are identified to assess running-in behaviors through feature analytics with telematics vehicle real-road data. By analyzing these parameters, truck groups subjected to different running-in behaviors are classified to evaluate the relationship between running-in behaviors and fuel economy.
Li, YongTang, KanSun, ShuaiWang, YangWu, PingyuWang, Xuewei
As we transition towards Internet of Things (IoT) - humans are connected to each other & outside world through the smartphone. Customers tend to use smartphones for varied purposes ranging from communication to entertainment. However, the concern of distraction exists due to poor visibility & accessibility of the phone’s screen in driving condition. One of the repercussion of being connected to smartphone particularly in driving condition includes higher number of road accidents due to distraction. This paper explains one of the key initiatives taken by Maruti Suzuki India Limited to address the same. This is done by offering an entry level connected infotainment system which comprises of the following three components: (a) An entry-level infotainment with basic display & vehicle connectivity, (b) A Dock mounted on infotainment panel enabling safe usage of smartphone due to its position i.e. accessibly and visibility in driving condition, (c) A Driving App specifically designed for driving usage where one can access calling, messaging, navigation on the go with a vibrant UI & easy to use gestures. The infotainment unit is connected to vehicle’s network which acts as a gateway to provide information related to fuel, vehicle health, and safety alerts, etc. Connectivity with smartphone through a custom Bluetooth protocol enables 2-way control of audio functions and data exchange between vehicle and cloud. The framework of vehicle & smartphone connectivity provides a platform to utilize the capabilities of the smartphone (display, computation power, storage, sensors & internet connectivity) with the possibility of scaling up to functionalities such as telematics, vehicle analytics, etc. This paper encapsulates the thinking behind the design of SmartPlay Dock to give the customer a connected & safe experience.
N, SoundharyaAggarwal, TarunKhandelwal, RiteshPandey, SatishPandey, Satish KumarOjha, Himanshu Kumar
To achieve accuracy in model development with large-scale actual customer data in low cost and limited time usage of telematics system was adopted. Honda’s OBD II diagnostic connecting device Honda Connect was used as transceiver for this telematics system, which was used as an accessory in Honda vehicles. Data collected with this device with large sample size and regional diversity across India was used in product development for Honda System. Control system development for BSVI vehicles, Idle start stop hardware specification selection and Battery electric vehicle target range study was done with Honda Connect Data.
Garg, ShubhamAnurag, AnuragSinghal, MohitChiba, IsaoOkayasu, Kouji
This SAE Standard defines methods and messages to efficiently translate sequences of text and other types of data into and out of indexed values and look-up tables for effective transmission. This document defines: a Methods and Data Elements for handling indexes and strings in ATIS applications and message sets b Message Sets to support the delivery and translations of tables used in such strings c Tables of Nationally standardized strings for use in ATIS message descriptions And examples of each in illustrative portions. While developed for ATIS use, the methods defined in this document are useful for any textual strings in any Telematics applications found both in Intelligent Vehicles and elsewhere.
V2X Core Technical Committee
This SAE Information Report provides a comparative summary between the various messages found in the SAE ATIS standards work (notably SAE J2313, J2353, J2354, J2369 and J2374) and that found in the GATS standard (Global Automotive Telematics Standard). GATS is a message set meant to be deployed on mobile phone systems based on the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) phone system which is being deployed in European markets and which the SAE may need to harmonize with as part of the World Standards activities of TC204. This document provides an overview of the various types of supported messages and how they compare with US terms and messages. Some selected features of the GATS work are recommended for assimilation into the next revision of ATIS standards. No attempt at determining a U.S. policy in this regard is provided. This document seeks to provide the reader familiar with SAE ATIS with a high level overview of technical knowledge of the GATS approach in similar areas.
V2X Core Technical Committee
Present-day vehicles come with a variety of new features like the pre-crash warning, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication, semi-autonomous driving systems, telematics, drive by wire. They demand very high bandwidth from in-vehicle networks. Various ECUs present inside the automotive transmits useful information via automotive multiplexing. Transmission of data in real-time achieves optimum functionality. The high bandwidth and high-speed requirement can be achieved either by using multiple buses or by implementing higher bandwidth. But, by doing so, the cost of the network as well as the complexity of the wiring increases. Another option is to implement higher layer protocol which can reduce the amount of data transferred by using data reduction (DR) techniques, thus reducing the bandwidth usage. The implementation cost is minimal as the changes are required in the software only and not in hardware. This article presents a new data reduction algorithm termed as “Comprehensive Data Reduction (CDR)” algorithm. The article also demonstrates a comparison of the proposed algorithm with the boundary of fifteen compression algorithms and compression area selection algorithms. The results show that the proposed CDR algorithm provides better data reduction compared to the earlier proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm has been developed for automotive environment, but it can also be utilized in any applications where extensive information transmission among various control units is carried out via a multiplexing bus.
Baldiwala, Aliakbar A.Necsulescu, Dan
On-Board Predictive Maintenance with Machine Learning2019-01-10484/2/2019
Field Issue (Malfunction) incidents are costly for the manufacturer’s service department. Especially for commercial truck providers, downtime can be the biggest concern for our customers. To reduce warranty cost and improve customer confidence in our products, preventive maintenance provides the benefit of fixing the problem when it is small and reducing downtime of scheduled targeted service time. However, a normal telematics system has difficulty in capturing useful information even with pre-set triggers. Some malfunction issue takes weeks to find the root cause due to the difficulty of repeating the error in a different vehicle and engineers must analyze large amounts of data. In order to solve these challenges, a machine-learning-based predictive software/hardware system has been implemented. Multiple machine learning techniques, including CNN(Convolutional Neural Network), have been utilized in the proposed pipeline to: 1) decide when to record data. 2) decide what data to record. 3) root cause diagnostics on the spot based on time-series data analysis. A novel technique has been proposed to solve the lack of training data for the root cause analysis neural network. The root cause analysis will be further reviewed by engineers through an expert knowledge feedback system to guide the on-board AI. In this paper, the overall on-board preventive maintenance system will be introduced, and validation results will be shown.
Sun, YongXu, ZhentaoZhang, Tianyu
Securing Inter-Processor Communication in Automotive ECUs2019-26-03631/9/2019
Modern cars now come with sophisticated telemetry which often involve connecting to the internet over mobile telephone networks or Wi-Fi. The telemetry or cloud functions of the car is typically handled by a Telematics Control Unit or the Infotainment System. The microcontrollers (Host Processor) powering the ECUs are very powerful and often have operating systems such as Linux or QNX to drive the large displays or perform modem functionalities. These powerful microcontrollers take several seconds to startup and does not offer hard real-time performance - both of which are critical to handle the vehicle CAN network. Hence, it is common to include a less powerful microcontroller to the ECU to perform the management of the vehicle CAN network. These smaller microcontrollers (Vehicle Processor) can startup fast and provide hard real-time performance. The Host Processor and the Vehicle Processor are connected by the Inter-Processor Communication Link (IPCL) to exchange information between them. This communication link, while often overlooked regarding complexity and importance, must be included in security/threat analysis, as well. This was made obvious when the vehicle functionalities of the 2015 Jeep vehicle was controlled remotely by unauthorized actors, which involved compromising the communication link and reprogramming the Vehicle Processor to take control of the Vehicle CAN bus. This paper analyses the threat vectors pertaining to IPCL and provides solutions that address each of those threats with minimal impact to the performance of the communication link.
Shanmugam, Karthik
Connected vehicles technology is experiencing a boom across the globe. Vehicle manufacturers have started using telematics devices which leverage mobile connectivity to pool the data. Though the primary purpose of the telematics devices is location tracking, the additional vehicle information gathered through the devices can bring in much more insights about the vehicles and its working condition. Cloud computing is one of the major enabled for connected vehicles and its data-driven solutions. On the other hand, machine learning and data analytics enable a rich customer experience understanding different inferences from the available data. From a fleet owner perspective, the revenue and the maintenance costs are directly related to the usage conditions of the vehicle. Usage information like load condition could help in efficient vehicle planning, drive mode selection and proactive maintenance [1]. A common approach to vehicle load condition detection is by using exclusive load sensing sensors. This paper explores a possibility of detecting vehicle load conditions without making use of any sensors. Instead, a supervised machine learning model is developed to recognize real-time loading condition, by analyzing vehicle driving behavior. This paper covers a machine learning based approach for load detection of small commercial vehicles, which are less then 1Ton of loading capacity. In this study, the focus is given to differentiating the vehicle behavior at different loading conditions and to select the accurate parameters for machine learning model development. These selected features are based on the domain expertise in vehicle dynamics and statistics of the data. The output of this novel method can be used for optimizing different ADAS functionalities [2] at very low-cost, leveraging telematics units.
Venugopal, VaisakhRaj Bob, PaulNair, Vipin
Many modern automobiles’ infotainment/navigation systems store vehicle telematics and user-supplied infotainment data. This data is useful in a wide variety of analyses but is not available through traditional OEM tools. The necessity to access the infotainment module data for forensic analysis can be satisfied by utilizing the Berla iVe system. Similar to CDR/EDR technology, Berla iVe is a hardware and software tool that is used to acquire and analyze stored automotive data. However, CDR/EDR systems are generally developed in partnership with manufacturers or OEM suppliers. Berla iVe is a privately developed forensic system analogous to traditional forensic tools used to interrogate computer hard drives and smartphones. The technology is privately developed and tested. The data is then parsed using recognized forensics practices. This research was focused on assessing the accuracy of speed data recorded in certain modules and the resulting translations reported by the Berla iVe system. While a number of manufacturers’ vehicles store a variety of infotainment data, this project was limited to Ford Sync Generation 2 (SG2) and Generation 3 (SG3) systems. A series of controlled tests were conducted under a variety of operational conditions to create GPS-based and wheel speed-based (SG3 only) vehicle speed data. The Berla iVe-obtained speed data was compared to reference instrumentation without any smoothing or matching of recording latencies. Within each data set, the maximum error was 9 kph (the largest errors were associated with rapid speed change maneuvers), the average error was less than 1 kph, the correlation coefficient was 0.98 kph or higher, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was generally 2 kph or less. As such, the Berla iVe-obtained GPS- and wheel-based speed data are sufficiently accurate for a number of applications, including traffic accident reconstruction.
Vandiver, WesleyAnderson, Robert
As mobile data traffic expands 10-fold from 30 Exabytes in 2014 to 292 Exabytes in 2019, and the total mobile service subscriptions reaches 6.8 billion, in a global population of 7.3 billion, there is a compelling move towards connected cars and services. Though SDB research suggests US$ 18 billion additional revenue from these services, but most important question is “Are the consumers, who buy cars, willing to pay extra for these services”. Traditional business models of OEMs who buy parts from Tier-1 suppliers, and sell the vehicles to consumers as a one-time sales revenue per consumer, have to learn a lot for new successful business models. Telematics services, introduced in early 2000, bears testimony. For the New Business Models, the OEMs have to work with the ecosystem of service providers, who themselves have different a business model of operations. They do not believe in charging everything to the consumers. Even their accounts (revenue generators) and suppliers are different. The Digital Technology Ecosystem includes mobile equipment players (like Samsung), telecom service providers (like Vodafone), telecom network providers (like CISCO), Internet OS provider (like Microsoft), Search engine and app platform providers (like Google), cloud providers (like Amazon) and a combination of such providers (like Apple). To be successful in this digital age, the Automotive OEMs have to look at cars generating valuable data, and devise Business Models for monetizing this data, keeping the confidentiality compliance into consideration. This paper looks at these alternative Business Models available with the Automotive OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers, in partnership with the Digital Technology Ecosystem service providers. A mathematical approach to business models, with the parameters, constraints and options, has been presented, which can be adopted by the Automotive Industry.
De, Sudripto
Application of Suspend Mode to Automotive ECUs2018-01-00214/3/2018
To achieve high robustness and quality, automotive ECUs must initialize from low-power states as quickly as possible. However, microprocessor and memory advances have failed to keep pace with software image size growth in complex ECUs such as in Infotainment and Telematics. Loading the boot image from non-volatile storage to RAM and initializing the software can take a very long time to show the first screen and result in sluggish performance for a significant time thereafter which both degrade customer perceived quality. Designers of mobile devices such as portable phones, laptops, and tablets address this problem using Suspend mode whereby the main processor and peripheral devices are powered down during periods of inactivity, but memory contents are preserved by a small “self-refresh” current. When the device is turned back “on”, fully initialized memory content allows the system to initialize nearly instantaneously. While the basic concept is more than ten years old, there has been limited deployment of Suspend mode in automotive ECU designs due to lack of support in automotive-grade microprocessors and the accompanying overall increase in software and hardware complexity. Recent availability of Suspend-capable automotive-grade microprocessors and adoption of operating systems such as Linux and Android have renewed automotive industry interest in Suspend mode, in particular Suspend-to-RAM, in order to meet startup performance requirements. This paper discusses hardware and software design considerations in implementing Suspend mode in an automotive ECU, presents a sample power management design, and describes how Suspend-Resume is implemented in the Linux operating system.
Rush, Scott A.
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