Browse Topic: Satellite communications

Items (414)
The global satellite communications (SATCOM) sector is undergoing profound transformation. Fueled by the rapid growth of low Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations, increased government investment, and heightened demand for secure, high-throughput connectivity, the market is projected to expand from $66.75 billion in 2025 to $103.78 billion by 20291, 2. This momentum reflects a broader realignment of priorities across commercial and defense markets: a shift from reliance on legacy geostationary systems toward agile, resilient networks capable of supporting next-generation missions and applications.
In October 2024, Kongsberg NanoAvionics discovered damage to their MP42 satellite, and used the discovery as an opportunity to raise awareness on the need to reduce space debris generated by satellites. Kongsberg NanoAvionics, Vilnius, Lithuania Our MP42 satellite, which launched into low Earth orbit (LEO) two and a half years ago aboard the SpaceX Transporter-4 mission, recently took an unexpected hit from a small piece of space debris or micrometeoroid. The impact created a 6 mm hole, roughly the size of a chickpea, in one of its solar panels. Despite this damage, the satellite continued performing its mission without interruption, and we only discovered the impact thanks to an image taken by its onboard selfie camera in October of 2024. It is challenging to pinpoint exactly when the impact occurred because MP42's last selfie was taken a year and a half ago, in April of 2023.
With 2D cameras and space robotics algorithms, astronautics engineers at Stanford have created a navigation system able to manage multiple satellites using visual data only. They recently tested it in space for the first time. Stanford University, Stanford, CA Someday, instead of large, expensive individual space satellites, teams of smaller satellites - known by scientists as a “swarm” - will work in collaboration, enabling greater accuracy, agility, and autonomy. Among the scientists working to make these teams a reality are researchers at Stanford University's Space Rendezvous Lab, who recently completed the first-ever in-orbit test of a prototype system able to navigate a swarm of satellites using only visual information shared through a wireless network. “It's a milestone paper and the culmination of 11 years of effort by my lab, which was founded with this goal of surpassing the current state of the art and practice in distributed autonomy in space,” said Simone D'Amico
Someday, instead of large, expensive individual space satellites, teams of smaller satellites – known by scientists as a “swarm” – will work in collaboration, enabling greater accuracy, agility, and autonomy. Among the scientists working to make these teams a reality are researchers at Stanford University’s Space Rendezvous Lab, who recently completed the first-ever in-orbit test of a prototype system able to navigate a swarm of satellites using only visual information shared through a wireless network.
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), in partnership with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), has developed StarBurst, a small satellite (SmallSat) instrument for NASA’s StarBurst Multimessenger Pioneer mission, which will detect the emission of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a key electromagnetic (EM) signature that will contribute to the understanding of neutron star (NS) mergers.
NearSpace Launch Inc. (NSL), a privately held and fully U.S.-owned aerospace company, is actively redefining the boundaries of responsive spaceflight through its development and deployment of the Train Rapid on Orbit Payload (TROOP) and ThinSat platforms. Over the past decade, NSL has launched more than 100 small satellites and over 900 flight systems and subsystems into orbit. NSL's satellites have been part of launches operated by Astra, Atlas, Delta, Firefly Aerospace, Northrop Grumman, Virgin Galactic and SpaceX among others. Headquartered in Upland, Indiana, NSL is currently the largest small satellite manufacturer in the midwestern region of the U.S., uniquely positioned to address urgent national needs for rapid space access and technology testing.
The Department of Defense (DoD) is developing technology for satellites to communicate via lasers. Laser communications could transmit data faster and more securely than traditional radio frequency communications. DoD has made progress in developing this technology, but it has also faced delays and other issues-and hasn't fully demonstrated that it works in space. Despite these challenges, DoD plans to continue to develop and launch hundreds of satellites worth billions of dollars that require the use of laser communications.
Physicists at the Naval Research Laboratory are collaborating with several universities throughout the U.S. to develop a small satellite that will detect the emission of short gamma-ray bursts. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), in partnership with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), has developed StarBurst, a small satellite (SmallSat) instrument for NASA's StarBurst Multimessenger Pioneer mission, which will detect the emission of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a key electromagnetic (EM) signature that will contribute to the understanding of neutron star (NS) mergers. NRL transferred the instrument to NASA on March 4 for the next phase, environmental testing. From there, the instrument will be integrated onto the spacecraft bus, followed by launch into Low Earth Orbit in 2027. StarBurst will be installed as a secondary payload via the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Secondary Payload Adapter Grande interface with a
Airbus Defense London, UK aeron.a.haworth@airbus.com
Our MP42 satellite, which launched into low Earth orbit (LEO) two and a half years ago aboard the SpaceX Transporter-4 mission, recently took an unexpected hit from a small piece of space debris or micrometeoroid. The impact created a 6 mm hole, roughly the size of a chickpea, in one of its solar panels.
Muelaner, Jody EmlynMoran, MatthewPhillips, Paul
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
This study investigates the application of integrated positioning based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for highway vehicle navigation. While GNSS offers high-precision outdoor positioning, it is susceptible to signal obstructions, whereas SINS enables autonomous positioning without external signals but accumulates drift errors over time. To enhance positioning accuracy, this study employs three nonlinear filters—Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF)—for multi-source data fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that EKF, UKF, and CKF achieve faster convergence, higher stability, and smoother error curves when handling nonlinear problems. Through simulation experiments and field measurements, the strengths of each algorithm are validated across different metrics and directions. Considering sensor limitations and implementation complexity, EKF outperforms other algorithms
Zhang, HongbinWen, ChengjuLiu, ZheLin, Chen
There are dead-end roads in the road network, and many of them have the function of indicating specific target clues, which is of great significance in the fields of military, urban construction, and disaster relief and rescue. However, many of the important cut-offs are in mountainous or wilderness areas, and surveying them is difficult and costly. The research objective of this project is to extract the breakpoints in the road network using high-resolution Google satellite imagery, so as to provide clues and indications for the subsequent relevant work. Firstly, the image is corrected and pre-processed to highlight road edge information.Then the phase grouping method is improved by setting a double-angle threshold, filtering the edge operator to reduce the calculation error of the gradient angle, and the road network is extracted by the improved phase grouping method. And finally screens out the dead-end road points with the eight-neighbourhood method, and marks them on the
Liu, RuohanHaoping, QiJingjie, KangYanyan, WuFeifei, Li
As infrastructure ages, it becomes more susceptible to failure, which can cause safety and mobility concerns for drivers and pedestrians, and economic woes for taxpayers. A recent study published in “Transportation Research Record” shows that high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data can detect infrastructure issues early on, which can help prevent further damage to roads in the same way that annual checkups can help prevent more complex health issues in humans.
Imagine the Moon as a hub of manufacturing, construction, and even human life. It’s no longer a far-fetched idea baked in science fiction lore — increased interest and investment in space exploration are pushing efforts to develop the technologies needed to make the moon a viable home for humans.
Honda has long been at the cutting edge of mobility and tech, with everything from the Asimo robot of 20 years ago to plans for reusable rockets to launch lightweight satellites into orbit. During a Tech Day event in early October in Tochigi, Japan, the Japanese automaker announced further details of its upcoming Honda 0 architecture (Honda calls it “Honda Zero” but writes it with the number), its first in-house electric platform designed from the ground up. Honda also discussed some of the advanced manufacturing techniques it's pioneering to reach its core design and technology tenants.
Bassett, Abigail
Understanding how water moves and changes around the world is more important than ever due to climate change but monitoring inland water in the tropics is not easy. Most satellites are optical and simply take photos of surfaces. They cannot see through the thick cloud cover and dense vegetation that conceal the rivers, lakes, and wetlands below.
Satellite propulsion systems have traditionally been designed for high reliability over large-scale production. Engineered for specific, high-stakes missions, these systems are produced in limited quantities — often only a few dozen units or less. Today, the advent of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is changing this dynamic, ushering in new commercial and military opportunities that involve deploying hundreds or thousands of satellites designed for research, telecommunications, and Earth observation applications.
In the early 2010s, LightSquared, a multibillion-dollar startup promising to revolutionize cellular communications, declared bankruptcy. The company couldn't figure out how to prevent its signals from interfering with those of GPS systems. Now, Penn Engineers have developed a new tool that could prevent such problems from ever happening again: an adjustable filter that can successfully prevent interference, even in higher-frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 303-735-4900
Manufacturing and servicing facilities in space are (finally) moving from the pages of science fiction to reality. For decades, we've seen movies with scenes of spacecraft being created and serviced in beautifully rendered factories with Earth in the background. And many more ideas have come from authors imagining bold futures where humanity does everything from creating giant nets of satellites to massive, spinning space stations. Some might lament that, back in reality, we’ve come so far with our achievements in space yet fallen short of the brightest visions. How can we have landed on the Moon 50 years ago and still be scrapping billion-dollar satellites when they run out of fuel? However, there’s good reason to believe that the space industry is almost done laying the foundations that will let us move from science fiction to engineering reality.
With the present state of the art technology, size and mass of the satellites have come down. This necessitated the need for a low shock separation system that does not have mass attached to the separated satellite. Development of Nano satellites with mass of the order of 1 to 24 kg has become popular among scientific/ academic institutions for carrying out scientific experiments. INLS 3U Uni-Pod System (Nano satellite dispenser system) is a satellite dispensing system designed by ISRO for accommodating four 3U class Nano satellites in a single structure where each satellite is deployed independently by separate actuation commands. INLS stands for ISRO's Nano satellite Launch System. The INLS 3U Uni-Pod separation system successfully flown in ISRO’s Launch Vehicle mission for deployment of three satellites from abroad. CubeSat separation system consists of a structure housing the satellite, Holding and release mechanism (HDRM), rattling arresting mechanism, satellite ejection mechanism
Paul, JohnsPM, Abdul SalamP, RajeevNalluveettil, Santhosh JA, Jothiramalingam
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) uses indigenously developed launch vehicles like PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 and SSLV for placing remote sensing and communication satellites along with spacecrafts for other important scientific applications into earth bound orbits. Navigation systems present in the launch vehicle play a pivotal role in achieving the intended orbits for these spacecrafts. During the assembly of these navigation packages on the launch vehicle, it is required to measure the initial tilt of the navigation sensors for any misalignment corrections, which is given as input to the navigation software. A high precision inclinometer is required to measure these tilts with a resolution of 1 arc-second. In this regard, an indigenous inclinometer is being designed. The sensing element of this design comprises of a compliant mechanism which is designed to sense the tilt by measuring the displacement of a proof mass occurring due to the respective component of earth’s gravitational
Shaju, Tony MKrishna, NirmalRao, G NagamalleswaraKumar, T SureshK, Pradeep
Launch vehicle structures in course of its flight will be subjected to dynamic forces over a range of frequencies up to 2000 Hz. These loads can be steady, transient or random in nature. The dynamic excitations like aerodynamic gust, motor oscillations and transients, sudden application of control force are capable of exciting the low frequency structural modes and cause significant responses at the interface of launch vehicle and satellite. The satellite interface responses to these low frequency excitations are estimated through Coupled Load Analysis (CLA). This analysis plays a crucial role in mission as the satellite design loads and Sine vibration test levels are defined based on this. The perquisite of CLA is to predict the responses with considerable accuracy so that the design loads are not exceeded in the flight. CLA validation is possible by simulating the flight experienced responses through the analysis. In the present study, the satellite interface responses are validated
R, RajiRose, Jancy
Researchers from Stanford and the American University of Beirut have developed a lightweight, portable antenna that can communicate with satellites and devices on the ground, making it easier to coordinate rescue and relief efforts in disaster-prone areas. Stanford University, Stanford, California When an earthquake, flood, or other disaster strikes a region, existing communication infrastructure such as cell phone and radio towers are often damaged or destroyed. Restoring emergency communications as quickly as possible is vital for coordinating rescue and relief efforts. Researchers at Stanford University and the American University of Beirut (AUB) have developed a portable antenna that could be quickly deployed in disaster-prone areas or used to set up communications in underdeveloped regions. The antenna, described recently in Nature Communications, packs down to a small size and can easily shift between two configurations to communicate either with satellites or devices on the
L3Harris Technologies Melbourne, FL 585-465-3592
This study presents the constructed electromechanical model and the analysis of the obtained nonlinear systems. An algorithm for compensating the nonlinear drift of a gyroscope in a microelectromechanical system is proposed. Tests were carried out on a precision rotating base, with the angular velocity changing as per the program. Bench testing the gyroscope confirmed the results, which were also supported by the parameter calibration. The analytical method was further validated through experimental results, and a correction algorithm for the mathematical model was developed based on the test results. After calibration and adjusting the gyroscope’s systematic flaws, the disparity in calculating the precession angle was within 1/100th of an angular second over an interval of approximately 1000 s. Currently, research is underway on the new nonlinear dynamic characteristics of electrostatically controlled microstructures. The results of the integrated navigation system of small satellites
Trung Giap, Vu The
Evaluating real-world hazards associated with perception subsystems is critical in enhancing the performance of autonomous vehicles. The reliability of autonomous vehicles perception subsystems are paramount for safe and efficient operation. While current studies employ different metrics to evaluate perception subsystem failures in autonomous vehicles, there still exists a gap in the development and emphasis on engineering requirements. To address this gap, this study proposes the establishment of engineering requirements that specifically target real-world hazards and resilience factors important to AV operation, using High-Definition Maps, Global Navigation Satellite System, and weather sensors. The findings include the need for engineering requirements to establish clear criteria for a high-definition maps functionality in the presence of erroneous perception subsystem inputs which enhances the overall safety and reliability of the autonomous vehicles. In conjunction, global
Masterson, AlexandraPatil, PriteshBrown, NicolasAsher, ZacharyFanas Rojas, JohanSiems-Anderson, AmandaWalker, CurtisRabinowitz, Aaron
Bicycle computers record and store global position data that can be useful for forensic investigations. The goal of this study was to estimate the absolute error of the latitude and longitude positions recorded by a common bicycle computer over a wide range of riding conditions. We installed three Garmin Edge 530 computers on the handlebars of a bicycle and acquired 9 hours of static data and 96 hours (2214 km) of dynamic data using three different navigation modes (GPS, GPS+GLONASS, and GPS+Galileo satellite systems) and two geographic locations (Vancouver, BC, Canada and Orange County, CA, USA). We used the principle of error propagation to calculate the absolute error of this device from the relative errors between the three pairs of computers. During the static tests, we found 16 m to 108 m of drift during the first 4 min and 1.4 m to 5.0 m of drift during a subsequent 8 min period. During the dynamic tests, we found a 95th percentile absolute error for this device of ±8.04 m. This
Siegmund, Gunter P.Miller, Ian L.Booth, GabrielleLawrence, Jonathan M.
This paper investigates the utilization of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for vehicle localization and conducts a comparative analysis with traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-based methods. With the rise of LEO satellite constellations, such as Starlink, LEO-based vehicle localization may offer solutions to GNSS-related challenges. With a large number of satellites and short communication distance, the LEO-based method has great potential to improve accuracy, reduce warm-up time, and provide a robust localization solution for vehicle applications. In this paper, a dedicated LEO satellite simulator is presented, adaptable to various LEO constellations, making it relevant for evolving technologies beyond older LEO systems like Orbcomm or Iridium. The simulator includes satellite trajectory generation, observable satellite identification, and vehicle localization. The LEO simulator was also seamlessly integrated with the Carla simulator for real-time online vehicle
Meng, JingxiongChen, YanZhao, Junfeng
Digital mapping tools have become indispensable for road navigation. Applications like Waze and Google Maps harness the power of satellite imagery to provide precise visualization of GPS coordinates. The field advanced significantly in May 2023 with the introduction of dynamic 3D representations of the Earth. Companies such as Cesium now offer Unity3D and Unreal Engine Application Programming Interface that can be applied to geospatial applications. These images are no longer static and offer the opportunity to provide seamless continuous navigation. Driving simulation has been widely used for training and research. We investigate with this project the potential of this new geospatial database as a tool for scenario development to study manual and autonomous driving. We present an in-vehicle driving simulation integration that employs a real steering wheel and pedals from a stationary vehicle as controls. The visual experience is delivered through the Meta Quest Headset through an
Loeb, Helen S.Hernandez, JaimeLeibowitz, ChaseLoeb, BenjaminGuerra, ErickMangharam, Rahul
In a satellite thruster the function of injector plays a major role in controlling the combustion. This paper presents the numerical simulation of two most used injectors namely, impinging doublet, and triplet using Ansys fluent. The injectors are designed for the non-toxic, green propellants used in satellite thrusters. The present study focuses on the design and simulation of the injectors with 2 variant of green propellants i.e., Kerosene/Hydrogen-peroxide and Ethanol Amine/Hydrogen-peroxide. The objective of the study is to investigate the performance of the two injectors in terms of atomization, combustion efficiency and thrust generation. Theoretical design calculations were performed for a 20 N bi-propellant satellite thruster. A comparative study on the condensed combustion products and injector was carried out using NASA CEA Run code and Ansys fluent, respectively. The ethanol amine/hydrogen-peroxide injector showed better performance in terms of combustion efficiency. The
Chidvilas, N.V.Suraj, V.Balaji, KotaG., Dinesh Kumar
The impact on wireless communication system performance was investigated for five channel conditions, which included (1) additive white Gaussian noise, (2) flat Raleigh fading, (3) frequency selective Raleigh fading, (4) flat Rician fading, and (5) frequency selective Rician fading. Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas New algorithm strategies and diverse communication techniques are constantly emerging in the telecommunications realm that consumers, commercial, government, and military demand in order to push the boundaries of data throughput to receive information as quickly as possible. Currently, the Ku/Ka satellite band (20-30 GHz) becomes congested during peak service. There has been a strong demand for a wider bandwidth and higher data rate in both cellular and satellite communication service. As the carrier frequency increases, a wider bandwidth can be made available, and a higher data rate can be obtained with beamforming or precoding. Particularly, the V band (50-75 GHz
New algorithm strategies and diverse communication techniques are constantly emerging in the telecommunications realm that consumers, commercial, government, and military demand in order to push the boundaries of data throughput to receive information as quickly as possible. Currently, the Ku/Ka satellite band (20–30 GHz) becomes congested during peak service. There has been a strong demand for a wider bandwidth and higher data rate in both cellular and satellite communication service. As the carrier frequency increases, a wider bandwidth can be made available, and a higher data rate can be obtained with beamforming or precoding. Particularly, the V band (50–75 GHz) and W band (75–110 GHz) offer unprecedented broadband capabilities and extremely large contiguous allocations of bandwidth. This is the reason NASA and AFRL have been investigating these bands for civilian and military use.
With the increased use of devices requiring the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable “New Mobility,” the demand for satellite-enabled IoT is growing steadily, owing to the extensive coverage provided by satellites (over existing ground-based infrastructure). Satellite-based IoT provides precise and real-time vehicle location and tracking services, large-scale geographical vehicle and/or infrastructure monitoring, and increased coverage for remote locations where it may not be possible to install ground-based solutions. The Application of Satellite-based Internet of Things for New Mobility discusses satellite-based IoT topics that still need addressing, which can be broadly classifieds into two areas: (1) affordable technology and (2) network connectivity and data management. While recent innovations are driving down the cost of satellite-based IoT, it remains relatively expensive, and widespread adoption is still not as high as terrestrial, ground-based systems. Security concerns over
Phillips, Paul
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