Browse Topic: Internet of things (IoT)

Items (283)
ABSTRACT The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of systems (SoS) in every sense of the definition. A.P. Sage and others list five common SoS characteristics: operational independence of the individual systems, managerial independence, geographical distribution, emergent behavior and evolutionary development or independent life cycles. Typical examples include smart houses, the electric grid, and so-called smart cities. With military systems increasingly making use of IoT techniques in the upgrade, development and implementation of systems, IoT is becoming a critical factor. The future of IoT success is dependent on the application of solid Systems Engineering and Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principals. Without MBSE, the complexity involved in the design, development, and deployment of IoT systems would consume both system and operational providers. IoT systems cannot be built in a vacuum and their success will only be realized through application of modern day systems
Hause, Matthew
Internet of vehicles (IoV) system as a typical application scenario of smart city, trajectory planning is one of the key technologies of the system. However, there are some unstructured spaces such as road shoulders and slopes pose challenges for trajectory planning of connected-automated vehicle (CAV). Therefore, this paper addresses the problem of CAV trajectory planning affected by unstructured space. Firstly, based on cyber-physical system (CPS), the cyber-physical trajectory planning system (CPTPS) framework was built. A high-precision digital twin CAV is established based on the physical properties and geometric constraints of CAV, and the digital model is mapped to cyber space of the CPTPS. In order to further reduce the energy consumption of the CAV during driving and the time spent from the start to the end, a model was established. Further, based on the sand cat swarm hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (SCSHPSO), global path planning for connected-automated vehicles
Ma, ShiziMa, ZhitaoShi, YingYang, ZhongkaiLai, DaoyinQi, Zhiguo
Advances in IoT and electronic technology are enabling more personalized, continuous medical care. People with medical conditions that require a high degree of monitoring and continuous medication infusion can now take advantage of wearable medicine injection devices to treat their problems. Wireless communication allows medical personnel to monitor and adjust the amount and flow rate of an individual’s medication. The small size of the injectors enables the individual to be active and not be burdened or limited by a line-powered instrument (see Figure 1
Based on advanced Automotive functionality, Vehicle networks has enabled the exchange of data to multiple domains and to meet these demands, more complex software applications, some of which require service-based cloud are developed. Exposure of data creates multiple threats for attacker to tamper security and privacy. Automotive cybersecurity topic has gained momentum based on multiple gaps identified in Automotive In vehicle and around the vehicle networks. In this paper, we provide an extensive overview on V2C (Vehicle to Cloud) and In-vehicle data protection, we also highlight methods to identify threats on any vehicle network connected to V2C and identify methods to verify security functionality using Fuzz or Penetration test protocol, we have identified gaps in existing security solutions and outline possible open issues and probable solution
Panda, JyotiprakashJain, Rushabh Deepakchand
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, revolutionizing processes and enhancing efficiency. In the automotive domain, AI's adaption has ushered in a new era of innovation and driving advancements across manufacturing, safety, and user experience. By leveraging AI technologies, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation that is reshaping the way vehicles are manufactured, operated, and experienced. The benefits of AI-powered vehicles are not limited to their manufacturing, operation, and enhancing the user experience but also by integrating AI-powered vehicles with smart city infrastructure can unlock much more potential of the technology and can offer numerous advantages such as enhanced safety, efficiency, growth, and sustainability. Smart cities aim to create more livable, resilient, and inclusive communities by harnessing innovation through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), devices, data
Shrimal, Harsh
Carbon-fiber structural batteries are not entirely new, but now Sinonus, a company spun out of Chalmers Technical University in Gothenburg, Sweden, is further developing the technology with carbon fibers that double as battery electrodes. The technology has already been demonstrated in low-power applications, and Sinonus will now develop it for use in a range of larger applications including, first, IoT devices and then drones, computers, electric vehicles and airplanes. By integrating the battery into carbon-fiber structures, Sinonus believes that an EV's weight could be reduced while the driving range could increase by as much as 70%. The carbon-fiber technology used by Sinonus originated at Oxeon, another Chalmers spin-off
Kendall, John
The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is the nervous system in manufacturing facilities worldwide, with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) serving as its vital synapses. This digital neural network is transforming isolated machines into interconnected ecosystems of unprecedented intelligence and efficiency. PLCs have evolved from simple control devices into sophisticated nodes in a vast, responsive network
If you're just getting comfortable with Industry 4.0, which saw the beginnings of smart manufacturing, digitization and real-time decision-making in factories, a senior leader at Intel says the world is already moving on to Industry 5.0. What's Industry 5.0? A joint study by many researchers (link: Industry 5.0: A Survey on Enabling Technologies and Potential Applications (oulu.fi)) describes 5.0 as merging human creativity with intelligent and efficient machines to deliver customized products quickly. But it will take a lot of change and learning to get there
Clonts, Chris
Manually checking the quality of components or products in industry is labor-intensive for employees and error-prone on top of that. The Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design IEM is unveiling a solution that provides total versatility in this area. In an it’s OWL supported collaboration with Diebold Nixdorf and software specialist verlinked, Fraunhofer IEM has created a combination of collaborative robot (cobot), AI-based image analysis and IoT platform. The system frees employees from having to perform visual inspections and can be incorporated into all kinds of testing scenarios. The Fraunhofer researchers presented a demonstrator of the cobot/IoT platform at the 2024 Hannover Messe Trade Show in February
Within the heavy commercial vehicle sector, fleet availability stands as a crucial factor impacting the productivity and competitiveness of companies. Despite this, the core element of maintenance strategies applied in the sector still relies solely on mileage or component usage time. On the other hand, the evolution of the industry, particularly the advancement of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies such as sensorization embedded in components, now provides a vast amount of operational data. The severity levels of application, driving style influence, and vehicle operating conditions can be indicated through the treatment of these data. However, there is still little practical application of using this data for effective decision-making regarding maintenance strategy in the sector, correlating the severity level with component failure possibility. Seeking a disruptive approach to this scenario where data analysis supports decisions related to component maintenance strategy, a
de Moraes Seixas, Ricardo
Following its annual report detailing the growing cybersecurity threats to vehicles, fleets, and the networks they rely on, Upstream Security announced the launch of a generative AI tool to enhance its ability to reduce the risk posted by global threats. Israel-based Upstream, which has a vehicle security operations center (VSOC) in Ann Arbor, Mich., monitors millions of connected vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) devices and billions of API transactions monthly. Ocean AI is built into the company's detection and response platform, called M-XDR, enabling its analysts, as well as those from OEMs and IoT vendors, to efficiently detect threat patterns and automate investigations before prioritizing a response
Clonts, Chris
The operation management of electric Taxi fleets requires cooperative optimization of Charging and Dispatching. The challenge is to make real-time decisions about which is the optimal charging station or passenger for each vehicle in the fleet. With the rapid advancement of Vehicle Internet of Things (VIOT) technologies, the aforementioned challenge can be readily addressed by leveraging big data analytics and machine learning algorithms, thereby contributing to smarter transportation systems. This study focuses on optimizing real-time decision-making for charging and dispatching in large-scale electric taxi fleets to improve their long-term benefits. To achieve this goal, a spatiotemporal decision framework using Bi-level optimization is proposed. Initially, a deep reinforcement learning-based model is built to estimate the value of charging and order dispatching under uncertainty. The model considers the long-term costs and benefits of different tasks and guides whether electric
Lyu, YelinWang, NingTian, Hangqi
Android applications have historically faced vulnerabilities to man-in-the-middle attacks due to insecure custom SSL/TLS certificate validation implementations. In response, Google introduced the Network Security Configuration (NSC) as a configuration-based solution to improve the security of certificate validation practices. NSC was initially developed to enhance the security of Android applications by providing developers with a framework to customize network security settings. However, recent studies have shown that it is often not being leveraged appropriately to enhance security. Motivated by the surge in vehicular connectivity and the corresponding impact on user security and data privacy, our research pivots to the domain of mobile applications for vehicles. As vehicles increasingly become repositories of personal data and integral nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, ensuring their security moves beyond traditional issues to one of public safety and trust. To
Zhang, LinxiMa, Di
In autonomous technology, uncrewed aircraft systems have already become the preferred platform for the research and development of flight control systems. Although they are subjected to following and satisfying complicated scenarios of control stations, this high dependency on a specific control framework limits them in their application process and reduces the flight self-organizing network. In this article, we present a developed multilayer control system protocol with the additional supportive manned aircraft layer (Tender). The novelty of the introduced model is that uncrewed aircraft systems are monitored and navigated by the tender, and then based on the suggested scheme, data flows are controlled and transferred across the network by the developed cloud–robotics approach in the ground station layer. Therefore, it has been tried to design a semi-autonomous control network to gather data that combines human observation and the automotive nature of uncrewed aircraft systems. To
Millar, Richard C.Laliberté, JeremyMahmoodi, ArminHashemi, LeilaMeyer, Robert Walter
The term Industry 4.0 is well known in contemporary automotive landscape. It encompasses a smart integrated framework of IIoT (Internet of Things) and industrial automation with machine learning, artificial intelligence and big data analytics to arrive at optimal solutions to running the processes in a streamlined, efficient and effective manner. Industry 4.0 has assumed critical significance in the contemporary era of people working from remote locations to operate processes in order to build products, thereby ensuring business continuity. Consequently, it follows that if industry 4.0 is applied to automotive homologation activity, it will lead to a standardized evaluation, consistent fidelity of testing, accurate judgement of the product under test with regards to its certification, and most importantly, timed delivery to release in the market. The author hereby elucidates a unified Industry 4.0 Framework for Automotive homologation in India which is the need of the hour. This
S Thipse, Yogesh
With the increased use of devices requiring the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable “New Mobility,” the demand for satellite-enabled IoT is growing steadily, owing to the extensive coverage provided by satellites (over existing ground-based infrastructure). Satellite-based IoT provides precise and real-time vehicle location and tracking services, large-scale geographical vehicle and/or infrastructure monitoring, and increased coverage for remote locations where it may not be possible to install ground-based solutions. The Application of Satellite-based Internet of Things for New Mobility discusses satellite-based IoT topics that still need addressing, which can be broadly classifieds into two areas: (1) affordable technology and (2) network connectivity and data management. While recent innovations are driving down the cost of satellite-based IoT, it remains relatively expensive, and widespread adoption is still not as high as terrestrial, ground-based systems. Security concerns over
Phillips, Paul
In modern era, with the global spread of massive devices, connecting, controlling, and managing a significant amount of data in the IoT environment, especially in the Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a great challenge. There is a big problem of high-energy consumption due to overhead-unwanted data communication to the non-participatory vehicles, at high enduring connection rate. Therefore, this article proposed a social vehicle association-based data dissemination approach, which was segregated into three parts: First, develop an improved power evaluation approach for discovering power-efficient vehicles. Second, using the Fokker–Planck equation, the connection likelihood of these vehicles is calculated in the second phase to find trustworthy and steady connections. Last, develop an evaluation approach for vehicles community association using convolutional neural network (CNN). It filtered most likely vehicles to form a community for data dissemination by considering temporal, spatial
Singh, Dhananjay KumarBhardwaj, Diwakar
Internet of Thing (IoT) is the connecting network for applications like vehicles, smart devices, buildings etc., with the build in sensors to gather and share information for the user specific needs. The IoT platform offers prospects for a broad and direct integration of the manual world and the digital world by enabling things to be sensed and controlled remotely through existing network infrastructure. Self-contained programs can also be executed on it. This work projects on the integration of the IoT concept to the MOR-socket to manage, monitor and control the energy consumption of smart devices in a smart building. To achieve this, a simulation using Proteus 8.0 professional is made to obtain a virtual MOR-socket. This system is modeled with three prioritized loads of different current rating. The first priority load is the lighting load, second is the motor load and the final one is a load of higher current rating than the other two. The control and monitoring of these loads are
R, RajarajeswariD, SuchitraV, PraveenaKarthik, Sriram
In the Philippines, air pollution is a serious environmental issue that calls for the creation of efficient air quality monitoring systems for source-receptor analyses. This paper describes the creation of a system for monitoring air quality that was created with this objective in mind. The system uses a variety of sensors to assess important air contaminants and includes low-cost IoT-based data gathering technologies. In order to facilitate source-receptor analysis, it also uses data processing and analytic methods. The analysis of linked literature demonstrates the importance of IoT-based, crowd-sourced, and low-cost air quality data gathering systems in expanding air quality monitoring capabilities. As crucial approaches for comprehending pollution patterns and causes, spatiotemporal analysis of air pollution data and receptor modeling of particulate matter are addressed. Furthermore, the comparison of fuel economy estimates from various approaches highlights the need of precise and
Corpus, Robert Michael Baria
Because of their multiple advantages, lithium-ion batteries are widely employed in a variety of applications ranging from wireless headphones to electric cars. They do, however, have disadvantages such as thermal issues, cell voltage imbalance, and safety concerns. The cell voltage in a battery pack must be balanced in order to determine its overall capacity and lifespan. A battery pack of four 3.7 V/1200 mAh lithium-ion batteries is researched under fixed temperature settings in this paper, with the goal of balancing cell voltages during charging and discharging via passive cell balancing. A battery management system (BMS) is used to monitor changes in cell temperatures, voltage, and current to ensure the lithium-ion battery’s health. The simulation environment was created with MATLAB, and simulation results for various temperatures are provided. The proposed method was tested utilizing a cloud-based battery parameter monitoring system, and the cell-balancing analysis is reported as a
Parthasarathi, SivaramanDhanaselvam, J.Saravanakumar, K.Ajayan, AdarshPrabhu, M.K.
A method developed at NASA Johnson Space Center uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) interrogators for use with wearable active RFID sensor tags that can operate on ultra-low power. The technique uses a store-and-forward approach to manage the collection of data from RFID active tags even when they are not in range of an individual interrogator, as they move from the coverage area of one interrogator to the next. This allows the use of RFID active tags to transport sensor data in a highly complex environment where instantaneous access to an RFID interrogator cannot be guaranteed. Using this technique, an RFID active tag battery operational lifetime can be extended
In order to guarantee the dependability and effectiveness of industrial machinery, real-time gearbox malfunction detection is extremely important. Traditional approaches to condition monitoring systems sometimes rely on time-consuming human inspections or routine maintenance, which can result in unanticipated failures and expensive downtime. The rise of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) in recent years has paved the way for more sophisticated and automated monitoring methods. An IIoT-based condition monitoring system is suggested in this study for real-time gearbox failure detection. The gearbox health state is continually monitored by the system using sensor data from the gearbox, such as temperature, vibration, and oil analysis. Real-time transmission of the gathered data is made to a central monitoring hub, where sophisticated analytics algorithms are used to look for any flaws. This study’s potential to improve the dependability and operational effectiveness of industrial
Sivaraman, P.Ilakiya, P.Prabhu, M.K.Ajayan, Adarsh
In the complex and quickly evolving 5G NTN landscape, simulating, emulating, and evaluating RF systems boosts mission success. Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) promise to finally eliminate coverage gaps across the globe. Beyond commercial applications, these fifth generation (5G) cellular networks create new use cases for critical communications and military operations. For such applications to effectively serve these mission-critical areas, however, their performance must be assured. With RF system measurement science, 5G NTN equipment developers, integrators, and network operators can reduce the time needed to create and deploy networks, using virtual engineering for first-pass success when committing to physical gear. Simulation and emulation support NTN exploration and testing, verifying current performance while supporting next-generation evolutions. 5G NTN draws many features from 5G terrestrial networks and faces many of the same challenges. Immediately apparent are the enormous
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) advances have long been the province of large enterprises. These businesses have the investment to pay for the strategy, sensors, edge devices, and data analytics capabilities required to power IIoT services such as condition monitoring. They also have teams that can support these strategic initiatives
I interviewed Tom Doyle, CEO and Founder of Aspinity, Pittsburgh, PA, about their analog machine learning chip, the AML100 analog machine learning processor, which is designed to bring artificial intelligence to always-on IoT endpoints at a fraction of the power used by digital chips
Sensor-laden wearable systems hold great promise for wide range of applications including health monitoring, rehabilitation, electronic skin in robotics, environmental monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT), and more. Often these applications require cost-effective disposable sensors either for short-term or single measurements
Recent events have shown that challenges to the global status quo can arise rapidly, making it imperative that military manufacturers remain agile and prepared to meet new circumstances as they emerge. As author Jim Pattison succinctly stated: “No matter what business you are in, there is change, and it's happening pretty quickly.” The challenges posed to military manufacturers include shorter design and production timetables, the need for greater efficiency in parts replacement and material usage, and an accelerated time to market; challenges that must be met with every technological tool available. The current revolution in manufacturing driven by digital technologies, is transforming the global production landscape. While artificial intelligence, augmented reality and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are increasing production efficiency and time to market, 3D scanning still has not been exploited by aerospace and defense manufacturers for its full potential to do the same
The way in which businesses, enterprises, industry leaders, and consumers utilize technology for everyday tasks is set to undergo one of the most drastic evolutions ever. Just a few short years ago it was nearly impossible to think any other technology could have a greater impact than networked computers, the Internet, or even mobile computing, but now technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and AR/VR are being hyped more than ever
With the continuous progress of society, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of life. Energy is an important substance base for human existence and development. In the construction industry, construction project construction period cost control has become particularly important. The existing engineering projects have not significantly optimized the quality of construction period cost, leading to waste of resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an efficient, reasonable, and perfect system to ensure the scientific use of construction project construction period cost. The Internet of things (IoT) technology was applied to engineering projects to study the fuzzy balance optimization of construction period, cost and quality of engineering projects, and analyze the connotation and influencing factors of engineering quality and the construction project target system under the concept of sustainable development, and through the balance analysis of
Feng, XieHu, PanChen, Sibao
Traditional oxygen sensors, including potentiometric and amperometric sensor designs, have significant drawbacks, as metal oxide gas sensors require high temperature operation of about 300 °C, and suffer from high power consumption. NASA Ames Research Center has developed novel oxygen sensors made of a hybrid material comprising graphene and titanium dioxide (TiO2) that is capable of detecting O2 gas at room temperature and ambient pressure. The sensors have fast response and recovery times and can also be used to detect ozone. The sensors can be integrated into wearable-sized Internet of Things (IoT) devices
The main purpose of this research is to identify how the established quality methodologies, known worldwide as TQC (Total Quality Control) and TQM (Total Quality Management) are supported by the tools of the Quality 4.0 concept that similarly received influence from the disruptive technologies of Industry 4.0 in the last decade. In order to crosscheck the relationship among TQC and TQM and how Quality 4.0 supports these quality systems a qualitative investigation method was adopted through a survey questionnaire applied to one of the most important worldwide automobile company, based also in Brazil, Toyota of Brazil. Based on a literature review and relationship of concepts and synergy among them it was possible analyse and find out conclusions of this research work. The main results were identified as TQC and TQM are very well established concepts of quality and Quality 4.0 concepts and tools have been implemented on a path according to the markets importance prioritization, so then
da Silva Bento, NelsonCavalcanti Bortoleto, WilliamIbusuki, Ugo
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert ambient heat into electrical power. They enable maintenance-free, environmentally friendly, and autonomous power supply of the continuously growing number of sensors and devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) and recovery of waste heat. Scientists have now developed three-dimensional component architectures based on novel, printable thermoelectric materials
By looking into the vehicle-infrastructure cooperation (VIC) which is oriented towards intelligent, networked and integrated development, this paper analyzes and proposes the essence and development direction of Intelligent Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperation Systems (I-VICS). With an in-depth analysis of technologies of core importance to VIC and influence factors that constrain VIC development as a whole, the paper comes up with a technological route for VIC, and identifies a direction for vehicle-infrastructure cooperative development that progresses from primary to intermediate cooperation, then to advanced cooperation, and finally to full-fledged cooperation. Policy recommendations aiming at strengthening top-level design, building an integrated vehicle-infrastructure-cloud platform, expediting independence of key techs, building robust standards and regulations for VIC, enhancing workforce development as well as greater efforts at market promotion are put forward
Lei, ChunZeng, JiaoJiang, YuanLi, Zhe
For the next generation of low-cost, battery operated, wireless IoT products, the design goal is to provide exceptional RF signal range and stability, while also reducing power consumption, in a miniaturized package. As a result, RF chipset and component manufacturers are increasingly fine-tuning and improving their products to do just that
Ethernet is widely used among consumer and commercial systems throughout the world, and it is well understood by all levels of end-users. Due to economies of scale, coupled with availability of industrial-grade devices, Ethernet has also become suitable, and often dominant, for many types of more rigorous applications. Unfortunately, industrial-grade Ethernet devices are often associated with high costs and complex network management and configuration requirements
The Advancement in Connected vehicles Technology in recent years has propelled the use of concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data in the automotive industry. The progressive electrification of the powertrain has led to the integration of various sensors in the vehicle. The data generated by these sensors are continuously streamed through a telematics device on the vehicle. Data analytics of this data can lead to a variety of applications. Predictive maintenance is one such area where machine learning algorithms are applied to relevant data to predict failure. Field vehicle malfunction or breakdown is costly for manufacturers’ aftermarket services. In the case of commercial vehicles, downtime is the biggest concern for the customer. The use of predictive maintenance techniques can prevent many critical failures by tending to the root cause in the early stages of failure. Engine overheating is one such problem that transpires in diesel engines. Overheating of an engine
Hiwase, Shrikant DeokrishnaJAGTAP, PRAMODKrishna, Dinesh
A fundamental element of the industrial internet of things (IIoT) is continuous data collection from sensors over time. While some sensors are connected to powered or wired networks, some need to be located without access to grid power. Those have to transmit their collected data via wireless connectivity
Advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the development of printable electronic sensor elements that can be deposited onto flexible substrates. To benchmark performance of printed sensors against the state of the art, NASA has developed a low-power flexible sensor platform
Although industrial factories and processing plants have long been automated, it remains vital for human decision-making to be involved in operations, sometimes to a great extent. Automation in and of itself is very effective, but it can deliver the best performance, efficiency, and quality when it is coordinated to inform operators so they can make decisions, and even impact the logical control
In a world of ever-increasing global consumption fueled by the immense thirst for electronic technology and information transmission, we find ourselves in a critical situation with the world supply of electronic components drying up. Demand for electronic devices has risen sharply due to the Covid-19 outbreaks, which forced the entire world to work in isolation, driving the unprecedented need for integrated circuits (IC). While development has been keeping pace during this crisis, we expect more from our devices
A powerful new generation of test and sim solutions aims to address specific security concerns associated with automotive designs. Today's vehicle is a mobile computer growing in complexity. From infotainment systems to propulsion, to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles (AV), computers now drive how automobiles and trucks are designed, how they operate and how they're increasingly connected. For that reason, the transformation of vehicles, roadways and cities has created new design considerations for engineers. One aspect that can't be overlooked is cybersecurity and the need for an all-encompassing approach to ensure vehicle safety. A 2019 study conducted by SAE International (in conjunction with Synopsis) highlights the level of angst around securing the advanced technologies designed into automobiles. Eighty-four percent (84%) of survey respondents are concerned that cybersecurity practices are not keeping up with the security landscape. As worrisome
Hendricks, Craig
The human body’s design with its brain, nerves, and senses can give everyone, from design engineers to executives, a good sense of where the seemingly unending sensor evolution leads. This anatomical analogy applies to what we can expect from sensor technology now and in the future
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