Browse Topic: Internet

Items (556)
ABSTRACT One of the main challenges of co-simulating hardware-in-the-loop systems in real-time over the Internet is the fidelity of the simulation. The stochastic delay of the Internet may significantly distort the dynamics of the network-integrated system. This paper presents the development of an iterative learning control based approach to improve fidelity in such network-integrated systems. Towards this end, a new metric for characterizing fidelity is proposed first, which, unlike some existing metrics, does not require knowledge about the reference dynamics (i.e., dynamics that would be observed, if the system was physically connected). #ext, using this metric, the problem of improving fidelity is formulated as an iterative learning control problem. Finally, the proposed approach is utilized in a case study, which shows that the proposed approach can significantly improve the fidelity in Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Ersal, TulgaBrudnak, Mark J.Kim, YoungkiSalvi, AshwinSiegel, Jason B.Stefanopoulou, AnnaStein, Jeffrey L.Filipi, Zoran
Communicating when traumatic brain injury, stroke, or disease has made speech impossible can be daunting. But specialized eye-tracking technology uses eye movement to enable people living with disabilities to connect one-on-one, over the phone, or via the internet
Space lasers are transforming the world. Not the far-off future of science fiction, but the universe of how data and communications flow today - everywhere from deep space missions to countless applications here on earth, including consumer internet services, military operations, and banking transactions. Lasers can transmit vast amounts of data over great distances at the speed of light, 100 times faster than previously possible in space. The narrowness of the light beams makes laser communication remarkably efficient. The highly focused light is aimed at the receiver, resulting in minimal beam divergence and signal loss and allowing for reduced power consumption
Digital mapping tools have become indispensable for road navigation. Applications like Waze and Google Maps harness the power of satellite imagery to provide precise visualization of GPS coordinates. The field advanced significantly in May 2023 with the introduction of dynamic 3D representations of the Earth. Companies such as Cesium now offer Unity3D and Unreal Engine Application Programming Interface that can be applied to geospatial applications. These images are no longer static and offer the opportunity to provide seamless continuous navigation. Driving simulation has been widely used for training and research. We investigate with this project the potential of this new geospatial database as a tool for scenario development to study manual and autonomous driving. We present an in-vehicle driving simulation integration that employs a real steering wheel and pedals from a stationary vehicle as controls. The visual experience is delivered through the Meta Quest Headset through an
Loeb, Helen S.Hernandez, JaimeLeibowitz, ChaseLoeb, BenjaminGuerra, ErickMangharam, Rahul
Load-carrying transportation has recently increased due to cargo and online home shopping. As a result, there is a growing demand for vehicles that can pass through narrow streets and carry loads for short distances. Electric vehicles are vital in the automotive industry due to their zero emissions and further promotion through new regulations. This study is focused on determining the spring coefficients of helical springs for a micro-truck vehicle, which will be used for cargo transportation and has a leaf spring with a specific spring coefficient on the rear axle and an independent double wishbone suspension system on the front axle. In addition to being vehicles with low weight values, micro-trucks have the axle capacity required for urban transportation due to their low track width and dimensions. Correctly determining the leaf spring is essential as it will directly affect the loads on the suspension system, wheel life, energy consumption, and comfort level. When determining the
Canpolat, BerkanAkbaba, MahirÇifci, ErolDoğan, Mehmet Ali
Driving dynamics performance is one of the key customer attributes to be developed during product development. In the vehicle development process, freezing the hardware of the chassis aggregates is one of the major priorities to kick off the other vehicle development activities. The current work involves the development of a multilink suspension for an SUV class vehicle. Typically, each OEM performs several product development loops for maturing the vehicle design. The driving dynamics performance evaluation and tuning happens on a physical vehicle with the driver in Loop. Tuning of suspension parameter on the physical vehicle entails actual replacement of parts/components. This encompasses multiple tuning cycles in product development associated with increased cost and test time. To reduce the product development time and cost while delivering first time right chassis configuration, we took an approach of getting driver-in-loop through driving simulator in the concept phase. The
Hol, PranavPrasad, Tej
The implementation of TREM/CEV 5 emission norms on farm equipment will bring in cost pressure due to the need for exhaust after treatment systems. This cost increase needs to be reduced by bringing in more efficient and effective processes to shorten the development phase and to provide better fuel efficiencies. In this work ETAS ASCMO Online DoE with Constraint Modelling (ODCM) was applied to execute smart online DoE on a new common rail diesel engine with EGR, whose exact bounds of operation was not available. A Global test plan with ASCMO Static was created without much focus on detailed constraints of engine operation, other than the full load curve. The parameters which were selected were Speed, Torque, Rail Pressure, Main Timing, EGR Valve Position, Pilot Separation and Quantity and Post Quantity and Separation. For these parameters, the safe operating bounds were not available. This ASCMO Static test plan is automated and executed on engine test cell with ETAS INCAFlow. ODCM at
Paulraj, Lemuel SrinivasanVarsha, AnuroopaKaradi, SubramanyaKumar, Devendra
Restraint systems in automotives are inevitable for the safety of passengers. Seat belts are one such restraint system in automotives that prevent drivers and passengers from being injured during a crash by restraining them back. Seatbelt on automotives has interface with Body-in-white (henceforth called as BIW) and Trim parts in-order to serve its purpose at vehicle level. One such interface part of seat belt is the web guide, which assists and ensures the nylon web’s smooth motion at different seat track positions. Web-guides on automotives ensure the flawless motion of seat belt web at pillar trim areas. In this paper, we are discussing alternate ways of assisting the seat belt web without the web-guide as a separate part. In-order to assist and ensure the motion of nylon web in its trajectory, we have extended the flange of the pillar trim involved. The paper throws light on the advantages of using an extended trim flange as web-guide for seat belt web instead of a separate web
D, GowthamBornare, HarshadGangapuram, SureshDeoli, ManishRitesh, KakadeSai, KonduruKakani, Phani Kumar
The presence of a slung-load during the flight of a quadrotor generates swing effects that can greatly influence the dynamics of the quadrotor. These effects have the potential to threaten the stability of the system’s attitude. This study presents a disturbance compensation strategy that is designed based on the utilization of an adaptive harmonic extended state observer (AHESO) in order to solve this problem and achieve precise attitude control. To derive the aforementioned algorithm, a comprehensive mathematical model for the quadrotor-slung-load system is built. The periodic features of disturbance are derived by considering the movement of the slung-load. Subsequently, by taking the periodic features of the disturbances into account, the AHESO for accurate disturbance estimation is designed. In this observer, an online frequency estimator for the harmonic disturbances is introduced. Lyapunov theory is introduced to examine the stability of the AHESO. In addition, backstepping
He, TongfuSong, GuangyiSong, DaleiLv, JiahuiZhou, Liqin
The concerns surrounding AV adoption encompass the data protection factor. An online survey was conducted to gain insights into this concern, targeting UAE residents with knowledge about Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to provide valuable information for the UAE government and private sectors. To achieve this goal, we conducted a statistical analysis of the collected data, which resulted in further insights regarding the obstacles impeding the adoption of AV technologies in the United Arab Emirates. This analysis further quantifies the factors that contributed to UAE public concerns. We also examined user group evaluations in terms of their propensity to employ the technology in the future
shweky, shuq hussenNasiruddeen Muhammad, Nasiruddeen MuhammadEman Abu Shabab, EmanSaad Amin, SaadHussain Al-Ahmad, HussainMukhtar, HusameldinMohammad Rababa, MohammadBurkhard Schafer, Burkhard
Imagine a team of humans and robots working together to process online orders — real-life workers strategically positioned among their automated coworkers who are moving intelligently back and forth in a warehouse space, picking items for shipping to the customer. This could become a reality sooner than later, thanks to researchers at the University of Missouri, who are working to speed up the online delivery process by developing a software model designed to make “transport” robots smarter
Drawing inspiration from how spiders spin silk to make webs, a team of researchers from the National University of Singapore, together with international collaborators, has developed an innovative method of producing soft fibers that possess three key properties (strong, stretchable, and electrically conductive), and at the same time can be easily reused to produce new fibers
Connected autonomous vehicles that employ internet connectivity are technologically complex, which makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks. Many cybersecurity researchers, white hat hackers, and black hat hackers have discovered numerous exploitable vulnerabilities in connected vehicles. Several studies indicate consumers do not fully trust automated driving systems. This study expanded the technology acceptance model (TAM) to include cybersecurity and level of trust as determinants of technology acceptance. This study surveyed a diverse sample of 209 licensed US drivers over 18 years old. Results indicated that perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, perceived ease of usefulness negatively influences perceived cyber threats, and perceived cyber threats negatively influence the level of trust
King, WarrenHalawi, Leila
Over the last three decades, storage on the internet increased by over 40,000 percent from 15.8 exabytes in 1993 to 6.8 zettabytes in 2020. While it is difficult to determine the exact number, as of February 2022, the size of the internet is estimated to be about 21 zettabytes and is doubling every two years. If we assume the average personal computer (PC) has a hard drive of one terabyte, 21 zettabytes is equivalent to 21 billion PCs, essentially three PCs for every person in the world. While a lot of this data is personal data, a large portion of it is considered publicly available information (PAI) and can be utilized by any internet user or organization
To cope with increasing, challenging requirements and shorter development cycles, more complex, often nonlinear, systems with high interactions have to be optimized in many fields of research, such as the energy sector. As this often goes beyond the classical parameter studies-based approach, systematic optimization approaches offer a key solution. In the context of the development of energy converters, like engines, such techniques are applied to enhance efficiency and enable optimal use of energy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field of optimization approaches, more precisely referred to as Metamodel-Based Design Optimization (MBDO). The MBDO approaches essentially comprise three main modules: the Design of Experiment (DoE), the Response Surface Modeling (RSM), and the Multiobjective Optimization (MoO), in varying compositions. Previous reviews primarily focused on a selection of these modules, whereas this novel review equally covers and structures the modules
Held, StefanHildenbrand, ArneHerdt, AnatoliWachtmeister, Georg
With the rapid development of the Internet and intelligent control technology, intelligent transportation has become a research hotspot in building a smart city. Under the background of intelligent transportation, it is particularly important to effectively evaluate the rail transit as the framework of urban public transport in this study, and fuzzy mechanism is introduced to optimize the support vector machine (SVM), and on this basis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and SVM are combined to improve the classification accuracy and improve the rail transit operation safety evaluation index system. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the fuzzy SVM combined with AHP is above 85% on all the datasets, and it can effectively eliminate the less-relevant indicators. In the actual evaluation of Shanghai Rail Transit safety, the prediction accuracy exceeded 80% and the highest reached 94.51%. Among them, the accuracy of management level and infrastructure were
Shi, XiuhongWu, Kaixin
People are exposed to disproportionately high concentrations of air pollutants daily on and near the road during their ride, walk, and residency. Currently air quality monitoring is performed mostly at background locations far away from the road and distinctive point, line, and area emission sources, failing to report concentrations on the road. This study presents an innovative air quality monitoring method using a network of vehicles equipped with air quality sensors (AQSs). Vehicles are connected to internet through either cell link or apps used by drivers. A cloud server collects the data and updates air quality concentration maps every 10 minutes. The study presents very high temporal and spatial resolution maps at a fraction of the cost of previous studies. These high spatiotemporal resolution air quality maps can be used to reduce public exposure in many ways including but not limited to cabin air flap door control, eco-driving route for navigation, and daily exposure monitoring
Jung, HeejungBorrel, HerveTaddonio, Paolo
Frontal crashes are the most common crash mode in the US vehicle fleet, and a large proportion of these crashes are “fender-benders” or low-speed collisions. This, among other considerations, led the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) to conduct a series of low-speed front and rear bumper impact tests. These crash tests have been performed on passenger vehicles manufactured by various manufacturers since 1970 and continuing through the 2009 model year. Test data and video for individual tests are available through IIHS’s online data portal, most extensively for model years 2007 to 2009. While IIHS’s test protocol varied over the years, these tests specified, in part, a full engagement impact of the tested vehicle into a rigid, bumper-shaped barrier covered with an energy absorber. Although IIHS reported the closing speed for each test, they did not report the separation speed or crash pulse duration. These values have been determined, in the current study, by analyzing the
Paradiso, MarcMcDowell, Eric
The way in which businesses, enterprises, industry leaders, and consumers utilize technology for everyday tasks is set to undergo one of the most drastic evolutions ever. Just a few short years ago it was nearly impossible to think any other technology could have a greater impact than networked computers, the Internet, or even mobile computing, but now technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and AR/VR are being hyped more than ever
For hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to operate efficiently, the amount of power drawn from each power source must be optimally controlled in real time. Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can effectively control the power sources in HEVs. However, model-free DRL relies on a large data set sampled from the system for improved performance, which can be very time consuming and resource intensive. To address this issue, a new DRL strategy is presented in this article where existing vehicle data is exploited to pretrain offline neural networks (NNs) and then the trained NNs are combined with an online DRL algorithm to explore new control policy to further improve the fuel economy. In this manner, it is expected that the controller can quickly learn how to control the system optimally rather than learning an optimal control policy by interacting with the vehicle model from zero initial knowledge. With the offline pretrained NNs embedded in the online DRL
Yao, ZhengyuYoon, Hwan-Sik
The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was established in 1868. The department has historically spearheaded worldwide innovation in technology with inventions such as the transistor, the integrated circuit, the LED, the first web browsers (Mosaic and Netscape), and (JavaScript) — all produced by students, faculty, or alumni of the college
The fast growth of electric vehicles has resulted in the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries. Recognized as a critical problem, the accurate estimation of the battery state has drawn much attention. Meanwhile, the continuous progress of the Internet of vehicles technology promotes the algorithm on cloud platform. However, the state of charge and state of health estimation based on on-board battery management system present deficiency such as data loss, noise interference and inconsistent sampling interval through the transmission. Thus, this article developed a multi-scale co-estimation method on the SOC and SOH with consideration of the dataset quality. Firstly, a Thevenin model for SOC estimation is constructed and parameters are identified by least square method. It is noteworthy that the frequency of SOC and SOH updates different time scales. To achieve the co-estimation on the both state and health, the extended Kalman filter algorithm is used twice. The dual extended
Lu, YuZhou, SidaZhou, XinanLiu, MingyanLiu, XinhuaYang, Shichun
With the rise of new energy vehicle industry as a national strategy, China has gradually occupied an absolute leading position in the field of battery electric vehicles, especially commercial battery electric vehicles, and has taken the lead in the research and development of dual-motor coupling propulsion technology. Due to the complex and diversiform structure of multi-source power speed-variable propulsion system, there is no mature configuration and technical details. Also, the control problem is a typical hybrid system problem, and there is no unified and clear problem description and solution method. In addition, the current research on the mode switching derived from the novel electrified powertrain is not deep enough to fully explore the potential advantages of electromechanical driveline, and there is a certain research blank considering the online implementation. In response to the objective of using new energy vehicles for transportation during all the events of the 2022
Zhao, MingjieZhang, JunzhiLin, Cheng
In order to improve the economy of fuel cell buses and the durability of fuel cells, this article proposes a multi-objective online energy management strategy (EMS) based on online learning Markov chain (MC) power prediction and improved dynamic programming (DP) solution under the framework of model predictive control (MPC). The penalty term of fuel cell efficiency is introduced into the objective function and combined with fuel cell degradation and hydrogen consumption to achieve multi-objective optimization control. According to the predicted power data, an optimization method for pre-calculation of SOC operating upper and lower limits is proposed to realize online calculation. The simulation test is carried out by MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared to the rule-based EMS, the proposed strategy can greatly reduce the hydrogen consumption, improve the proportion of fuel cell output power in the high efficiency working range, control the fluctuation of fuel cell
Wang, NingWang, PengweiSun, BinbinYing, KangjianGao, SongWei, XiangpuZhang, Meng
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) is to standardize the basic design, performance, and testing requirements for “Cargo Stoppers” cargo tie-down accessories to be used in conjunction with approved restraint straps meeting AS5385C (TSO C-172) requirements
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Cloud computing technologies are embodied with automotive sector copiously. It aids in using data and computing services to manage information, communication, and computing, through Internet-based apps and online digital services. A cloud computing-based framework is suitable for developing and deploying simulation models to study, analyse and optimise the vehicle performance. The framework proves functional in collecting vehicle data, processing and then using them for datadriven or model-based development to deliver a complete software solution. Server-less cloud computing technologies with storage and function triggers form the architecture. The paper outlines a data-driven model of a Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) to test the cloud framework as an end-to-end solution. The model estimates a metric to quantify the oxygen storage capacity of the TWC over the air. This metric is an online adaptive gain, estimated through system diagnosis using the Recursive Least Squares method. This is
Singh, ShwetanshuMandloi, DeepakDas, Himadri
As noise levels within vehicle cabin plays very crucial part in purchasing commercial vehicles, reducing same through online Telematics data pattern analysis techniques during design and development phase is a key. The NVH validation technique with multichannel approach for capturing vibration and noise data at higher sampling frequency during design and validation differentiates from traditional manual approach. The framework uses online data collection at remote server and comparing same with decided rules, thresholds makes same easy for analysis. The hardware contains high speed processor, higher resolution ADC-Analog to Digital converter and multiple IOs for sensor integration. The system server has ability to collect in near real time with less latency and quite accurate at the noise making components like moving parts inside cabin. The online server data in turn will be useful to understand the pattern analysis after certain time, distance and at different terrains (hills/highway
JAGTAP, Pramod PrakashMahali, RakeshKasliwal, Rajat
A CAN transceiver with built-in security functions can avoid the complexity of end-to-end security solutions that are especially hard to implement on CVs. Commercial road vehicles are the backbone of the modern consumer economy. Almost any business from construction, to energy, to online retail at some point relies on the delivery of goods by commercial vehicles, which in turn are becoming increasingly connected both to the external world and to each other via telematics. This enables CV owners to optimize and manage their fleets via platooning for safety and efficiency improvements as well as cost and fuel-consumption reduction to meet the increasingly stringent CO2 emissions requirements necessitated by climate change. However, the increased connectivity brings with it an increase in cyberattack surfaces and CV fleets are prime targets for cybercrime due to the high value of the cargo they carry, and their importance to large businesses and the greater economy. While CV manufacturers
Sivaramakrishnan, Karthik
The USC Viterbi School of Engineering (formerly the USC School of Engineering) is the engineering school of the University of Southern California. The school is among the nation’s highest in volume of research activity. Its research centers have played a major role in development of multiple technologies, including early development of the internet
Researchers have demonstrated a silicon-based optical communication link that combines two multiplexing technologies to create 40 optical data channels that can simultaneously move data. The new chip-scale optical interconnect can transmit about 400 GB of data per second — the equivalent of about 100,000 streaming movies. This could improve data-intensive internet applications from video streaming services to high-capacity transactions for the stock market
To further explore the potential of fuel economy for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a shared-control-based energy management strategy (SCEMS) with four modules of the human-vehicle closed-loop system, reference power calculation, driver power distribution, and shared control strategy is proposed. The SCEMS possesses three innovations. Firstly, the rational driver’s power demand is considered to achieve optimal fuel consumption. Secondly, a dimensionality reduction strategy of two-dimension DP algorithm is proposed for online application. Finally, based on the shared control and the intelligent traffic system (ITS) a game mechanism between driver and controller is constructed to adapt to different driving styles and road conditions. In the human-vehicle closed-loop system, a model is built, combining the driver model with a longitudinal dynamic model, to optimize the power demand and power distribution. In the reference power calculation, the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is
Liu, Taoshi, BingliangXie, Laiqing
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a Glossary of Terms commonly used to describe Seat Belt Restraint Systems Hardware and their function. These terms are currently defined in various SAE Recommended Practices but are sometimes inconsistent. It is intended for this document to supersede the definitions found in separate SAE Recommended Practices
Motor Vehicle Council
This SAE Recommended Practice describes test procedures for evaluating hardware used in motor vehicle seat belt assemblies. Related hardware performance requirements are described in SAE J141. Test procedures and performance requirements for retractors will be covered in separate SAE Recommended Practices to be issued later
Motor Vehicle Council
The in-vehicle experience, both physical and digital, is increasingly the differentiating factor between vehicles. Since touch displays, smart surfaces, and internet connectivity are present in most vehicle segments, the growing resemblance of in-vehicle experiences with mobile experiences leads to user expectations on par with smartphones. While manufacturers are faced with providing suitable service offerings that are safe to use, they must also identify services to exclude or limit, without encouraging drivers to resort back to their mobile devices. This increasingly complex in-vehicle experience design process is being shaped by new stakeholders, including operating system providers and application developers. Design of the In-vehicle Experience examines the challenging and changing relationships between manufacturers (that lack in software development and mobile experience design skills) and new stakeholders (that lack the decades of experience designing for the driving context
Roth, Christian
Security in encrypted communication is a top priority because of our highly connected and mobile society’s increasing reliance on the internet. Engineers at Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, have developed a new protocol for high-speed communication between two parties with security vouchsafed by the laws of quantum physics. The protocol can also be used to distribute cryptographic keys, as in quantum key distribution (QKD) at much higher secure key rates than existing QKD methods
Welding is a dominant joining process employed in fabrication industries, especially in critical areas such as boiler, pressure vessels, and marine structure manufacturing. Online monitoring of welding processes using sensors and intelligent models is increasingly used in industries for predicting weld conditions. Studies are conducted in a Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using sound, current, and voltage sensors to predict the weld conditions. Sensor signatures are acquired from the good weld and defective weld conditions established in this study. Signal processing is carried out, and time-domain statistical features are extracted. Statistical features are also extracted from the power waveform derived from the current and voltage data for all the weld conditions. Classification And Regression Tree (CART) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are used to build the statistical models to predict the weld conditions. SVM algorithm with Quadratic Kernel function trained
Rameshkumar, K.Vignesh, A.Gokula Chandran, P.Kirubakaran, V.Sankaran, J.Sumesh, A.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the design, construction, performance and testing requirements for hand held aircraft tire inflation pressure gauges with valve stem attachment chuck to be used with all aircraft types. The ground-based gauges in this specification are those which are designed to read the tire inflation pressure from a position adjacent to the tire
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
In this paper, a model predictive path following control system is proposed for an autonomous vehicle. First a dynamic-kinematic model for the non-holonomic robot is derived. While simple and straightforward, it can effectively represent the transient motion and instantaneous errors, with the desired reference path taken into account. Based on the model, model predictive controller (MPC) is designed to yield optimal behavior, with constraints taken into consideration. In addition to physical constraints, limitations as to passenger comfort are also regarded. The optimal feature of MPC is exploited to find optimal trajectories from initial errors to the desired path. The control system is well capable of path tracking and double lane change. As will be seen, thanks to online receding horizon, the control system yields margins of robustness for parametric uncertainties
Shamekhi, Amir-Mohammad
Whenever you buy something online, your customer data is automatically updated and stored on thousands of virtual machines in the cloud. But up to now, there has been no way to guarantee that a software system is secure from bugs, hackers, and vulnerabilities. Now, researchers have developed SeKVM, the first system that guarantees — through a mathematical proof — the security of virtual machines in the cloud
There’s no doubt that Industrial Ethernet (IE) is paving the way for the automated factory of the future. IE is the backbone of modern industrial communications between devices on the plant floor, the enterprise information network, and the cloud services that companies increasingly rely upon to build and grow their business. At the macro level, IE is as essential to automation control as the internet is to e-commerce
Based on the information of the bend ahead which obtained through V2X, high-definition map (HD Map), vehicle positioning or other technologies, the velocity planning and online gear decision method are explored with the actual driving state of a P2 configuration plug-in hybrid electric car when it crosses the bend, to achieve better energy economy while ensuring the driving safety. In this paper, firstly, according to the basic characteristics of the hybrid car, a simplified simulation model is built in MATLAB / Simulink to provide a verification platform for the research. Subsequently, the calculation method of safety speed in bends is established by considering the driver factor and the critical conditions when the vehicle rolls over, sideslip or oversteer. Then, according to the information of the bend ahead, the safety speed, and the general situation when vehicles cross the bend, the whole process is divided into three stages of deceleration before entering the bend, uniform
Xiao, MuyunZhao, Zhiguo
SAE Standard J3112 – “A/C Compressor Oil Separator Effectiveness Test Standard” - has been developed to provide an analytical means of determining if an a/c compressor with oil separator functionality meets the U.S. EPA criteria of a minimum 50% effectiveness in order to qualify for menu credits for greenhouse gas reduction, as specified in the U.S Government Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, §86.1868-12. At the start of the EPA’s a/c efficiency credit program in 2017 OEMs could qualify for greenhouse gas menu credits without providing data on the effectiveness of the product being implemented, but EPA regulations required supporting data from 2020 MY through the end of the current published regulations in 2026 MY. J3112 was developed by the SAE Interior Climate Control MVAC Supplier Committee (TEVBES2E) in order to provide a standardized procedure for determining oil separator effectiveness in order to comply with the EPA requirements for 2020-2026 model years. This paper
Taylor, Dwayne
This research leverages publicly available crash data to construct safety-critical scenarios focusing primarily on Level 3 Automated Driving Systems (ADS) safety assessment under highway driving conditions. NHTSA’s Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) has a rich dataset of representative crashes sampled from numerous Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) across the country. Each of these datasets includes the storyline, road geometry information, detailed description of actors involved in the crash, weather information, scene diagrams, crash images, and a myriad of other crash-specific details. The methodology adopted aims to generate critical scenarios from real-world driving to complement the existent regulatory tests for the validation of L3 ADS. For this work, a four-step approach was adopted to extract safety-critical scenarios from crash data. Firstly, a methodology was developed to filter crash cases relevant to the scope and resulting pdf files, and numerical crash data were downloaded
Kibalama, DennisTulpule, PunitChen, Bo-Shian
In recent years, the automobile industry has been making efforts to develop vehicles that satisfy customers' emotions rather than malfunctions. The Vehicle Dependability Study(VDS) has been strengthened emotion items since the introduction of the new evaluation system VDS3 from 2015. The ratio of emotion items increased from 11% to 25%. In order to clarify the problem and cause of emotion items, we analyzed verbatim which is the customers' complaint data provided by J.D power every year, but it was difficult to extract customers' intention because the number of verbatim is small and expressed in terms of customer’s term rather than engineer’s term. To solve the problem, we are additionally colleting big data such as internet, warranty, online survey. Since the amount of data is very large, we developed textmining techniques such as dictionary, topic, Support Vector Machine(SVM), n-gram to improve process. And we developed the Internet Data Search(IDS) program that everyone in the
You, Hanmin
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