This paper presents an integrated methodology for the analysis of hydrogen-fueled 2-Stroke engines, combining experimental data, 1D-CFD simulations, and 3D-CFD combustion calculations. The proposed approach aims to enhance the understanding of scavenging, injection, and combustion processes in a 50 cm3 loop-scavenged engine with low-pressure direct hydrogen injection, experimentally studied on a test bench.
The hydrogen-fueled engine was capable of achieving a maximum power output of 3.1 kW, using a slightly lean air-to-fuel ratio (lambda = 1.3). The maximum engine speed for stable combustion without knocking was achieved at wide open throttle at 7119 RPM.
The developed 1D-CFD model, based on the engine layout at the test bench, was calibrated using average experimental data and specific full load operating points. 3D-CFD simulations were performed for one full load operating point, focusing on combustion dynamics and fuel distribution within the chamber, with combustion model parameters calibrated to ensure consistency with experimental data.
The integrated approach resulted in a good agreement between numerical results and experimental data. The proposed methodology enables accurate model calibration and a deeper understanding of complex physical phenomena, representing a valuable tool for the development of low emission engines.