Browse Topic: Test equipment and instrumentation

Items (2,547)
This paper aims to describe a quarter-car suspension test bench automation process to be utilized in an academic environment. The project is made up of pneumatic system modeling and control system design. An analysis of the bench’s pneumatic system is carried out. This pneumatic system is composed of a pneumatic actuator and a proportional directional control valve, which are responsible for generating the road profile. It is proposed a model to compensate the non-linearities present in the pneumatic system measurement process and the disturbances caused by the under test suspension system, as well as a control strategy for small displacements of the load through linear control approaches, which provide the necessary flexibility to directly influence the parameters affecting the dynamics of the excitation system platform’s displacement, thereby reducing the complexity of the controller design to be adopted. Furthermore, analyses are conducted on the effectiveness of the control in
Siqueira, Matheus AmaralGomes, Pedro CarvalhoTeixeira, Evandro Leonardo SilvaFortaleza, Eugênio Libório FeitosaMorais, Marcus Vinicius Girão
A bench was developed with the aim of making it possible to test direct injection fuel system of low-displacement engines (up to 2,000cc) outside of a conventional test bench. It has adjustable supports that make it possible to install various engines of different manufacturers. In addition, the bench has features an electric motor, an external oil pumping system and a programmable ECU. These accessory systems were necessary because the engine for which the bench was initially designed has undergone various adaptations that required external systems such as those mentioned above. The project was designed to provide great ease, agility and low manufacturing costs, so the entire bench chassis was manufactured using just one standardized steel profile that is easily found on the market. Still about manufacturing, the concept of the prototype was also developed around the need for it to be compact and easy to transport so that the tests could be carried out in different environments in an
Zabeu, Clayton BarcelosPires, Gustavo CassaresJesus, Renato VieiraOliveira Polízio, Yuri Alves
During accelerations and decelerations of a race car whose engine has a wet sump, the forces generated by the vehicle’s motion cause the engine oil to vigorously shift towards the walls of the oil pan and crankcase, contributing to the phenomenon known as ‘sloshing.’ This phenomenon often leads to fluctuations in oil pressure, resulting in oil pressure surge, when the oil is pushed away from the pump pickup point. Via the logged data, the Formula UFSM FSAE Team had witnessed a recurrent lack of oil pressure in the race track during the 2023 Brazilian FSAE competition. In the AutoCross Event, the recurrence of this problem was 80% of the right corners on lateral accelerations between 0.80G and 1.30G. The average oil pressure in this condition was 0.80 bar, even reaching 0.10 bar above 5000 RPM. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new set of baffles for the oil pan, capable of minimizing the effects of sloshing and, consequently, the oil surge. As a method of research, a test bench
Zimmermann, Natalia DiovanaJunior, Luiz Alfredo CoelhoMartins, MarioHausen, Roberto
Gear shifting effort or force especially in manual transmission has been one of the key factors for subjective assessment in passenger vehicle segment. An optimum effort to shift into the gears creates a big difference in overall assessment of the vehicle. The gear shifting effort travels through the transmission shifting system that helps driver to shift between the different available gears as per the torque and speed demand. The shifting system is further divided into two sub-systems. 1. Peripheral system [Gear Shift Lever with knob and shift Cable Assembly] and Shift system inside the transmission [Shift Tower Assembly, Shift Forks, Hub and sleeve Assembly with keys, Gear Cones and Synchronizer Rings etc.] [1]. Both the systems have their own role in overall gear shifting effort. There has been work already done on evaluation of the transmission shifting system as whole for gear shifting effort with typical test bench layouts. Also, work has been on assessment of life of the
Singh, ParamjeetYadav, Sanjay Kumar
In the fast growing automotive sector, reliability & durability are two terms of utmost importance along with weight and cost optimization. Therefore it is important to explore new technology which has less weight, low manufacturing cost and better strength. It also seek for a quick, cost effective and reliable methodology for its design validation so that any modification can be made by identifying the failures. This paper presents the rig level real world usage pattern simulation methodology to validate and correlate the vehicle level targets for micro strain, wheel forces and displacement on suspension components like optimized Z spring, torque rods, pan hard rod & mounting brackets of newly developed air suspension for buses
Tangade, Atul BanduBabar, SunilBankar, Milind AchyutraoMehendale, RavindraDhumal, KailasBhusari, DeepakSonawane, RavindraShinde, Saurabh
Increasingly stringent emission regulations continue to be legislated around the world to significantly minimize pollutants released to the air by internal combustion engines. After Treatment Systems (ATS) meant for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust into non-harmful species have evolved at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Stringent emissions requirements have driven complex ATS architecture through sensors to measure delta-pressure, NOx, and temperatures. Accurate and precise performance of individual components as well as the integrated ATS is required to ensure regulatory compliance and efficient performance. Both of which require substantial amounts of performance and validation testing. Manufacturers have been developing the ability to accurately and efficiently test the ATS components. To meet the norms for tail pipe or stack emissions of NOx in ‘as new’ condition and during the entire ‘emissions useful life (EUL)’ of the ATS, all components of an ATS must
Raut, Pratiksha COttikkutti, PradheepramPhadke, Abhijit NarahariMagar, Vijay A.
Clutch wear is a significant factor affecting vehicle performance and maintenance costs, and understanding its dynamics is crucial for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to enhance product reliability and customer satisfaction. It is important to predict clutch wear to enable customers to understand the condition of their clutch and the remaining clutch life, to avoid sudden vehicle breakdowns. This paper explains the approach of measuring the clutch wear profile on an actual vehicle and simulating the same conditions on a powertrain test bench, with the establishment of a correlation in clutch wear profiles
Chopra, ChandanKumar, VarunMamidigumpula, Mohan Kumar Reddy
Hypersonic platforms provide a challenge for flight test campaigns due to the application's flight profiles and environments. The hypersonic environment is generally classified as any speed above Mach 5, although there are finer distinctions, such as “high hypersonic” (between Mach 10 to 25) and “reentry” (above Mach 25). Hypersonic speeds are accompanied, in general, by a small shock standoff distance. As the Mach number increases, the entropy layer of the air around the platform changes rapidly, and there are accompanying vortical flows. Also, a significant amount of aerodynamic heating causes the air around the platform to disassociate and ionize. From a flight test perspective, this matters because the plasma and the ionization interfere with the radio frequency (RF) channels. This interference reduces the telemetry links' reliability and backup techniques must be employed to guarantee the reception of acquired data. Additionally, the flight test instrumentation (FTI) package needs
In order to compare test results obtained from different crash test facilities, standardized coordinate systems need to be defined for crash test dummies, vehicle structures, and laboratory fixtures. In addition, recorded polarities for various transducer outputs need to be defined relative to positive directions of the appropriate coordinate systems. This SAE Information Report describes the standardized sign convention and recorded output polarities for various transducers used in crash testing
Safety Test Instrumentation Standards Committee
ABSTRACT Tools have been developed to compare the dynamic deformation of vehicle hulls as they undergo blast-testing with numerical simulations. These tools allow quantitative comparisons and measurements over a wide area of the hull surface, rather than point comparisons as have been performed in the past. The experimental measurements are performed with the Dynamic Deformation Instrumentation System (DDIS) that was developed for TARDEC. Numerical simulations of the test article attached to Southwest Research Institute’s Landmine Test Fixture were performed with LS-DYNA using an empirical blast-loads model. The specific example highlighted in this paper is the deformation by blast testing of a hull component
Walker, James D.Grosch, Donald J.Chocron, SidneyGrimm, MattCarpenter, Alexander J.Moore, Thomas Z.Weiss, CarlBigger, Rory P.Mathis, James T.McLoud, Katie
ABSTRACT The Optical Warhead Lethality Sensor Suite (OWLSS) was designed specifically for tracking dense, fast fragment fields generated in warhead arena testing. OWLSS is an optimized hardware/software solution for measuring correlated properties of detonating warhead fragment distributions. The OWLSS automated track algorithm returns time-dependent 3D position, velocity, size, aerodynamic drag, and mass estimates for each fragment tracked. These data products fill a significant gap in our ability to characterize munitions for weapon effectiveness modeling. Furthermore, the system is modular and can be reconfigured for many tracking applications. In this paper, we present an overview of legacy arena measurement techniques, an overview of the OWLSS optical tracking approach, and we discuss how OWLSS can be employed to collect test data needed to improve the survivability of armored vehicles. Citation: J. P. Burke, Jr, J. Roe, S. F. Henke, B. P. Walker, W. Koons, “An Enhanced Optical
Burke, James P.Roe, JeffreyHenke, Steven F.Walker, Bradley P.Koons, William A.
ABSTRACT The Integrated Survivability System Integration Laboratory (ISSIL) developed at the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Command (TARDEC) is a tool which enables and enhances the integration of Soldier survivability technology suites. TARDEC utilized the ISSIL to bridge the gap between concept and realization of the survivability demonstrator vehicle built on MTV 1083 A1P2 platform. The ISSIL was a critical tool for enabling the integration of mechanical, electrical, data, and networking components as well as for validating the system integration through Soldier usability trials. This paper describes how the ISSIL advanced the RDECOMs comprehensive systems engineering process throughout the modeling, analysis, design, development and testing of the demonstrator vehicle
Siddapureddy, VenuFountain, NathanSanders, DavidBudzik, Stacy
ABSTRACT V-shaped hulls for vehicles, to mitigate buried blast loads, are typically formed by bending plate. Such an approach was carried out in fabricating small test articles and testing them with buried-explosive blast load in Southwest Research Institute’s (SwRI) Landmine Test Fixture. During the experiments, detailed time dependent deflections were recorded over a wide area of the test article surface using the Dynamic Deformation Instrumentation System (DDIS). This information allowed detailed comparison with numerical simulations that were performed with LS-DYNA. Though in general there is good agreement on the deflection, in the specific location of the bends in the steel the agreement decreases in the lateral cross section. Computations performed with empirical blast loads developed by SwRI and by more computationally intensive ALE methods in LS-DYNA produced the same results. Computations performed in EPIC showed the same result. The metal plate was then bent numerically so
Walker, James D.Chocron, SidneyMoore, Thomas Z.Bradley, Joseph H.Carpenter, Alexander J.Weiss, CarlGerlach, Charles A.Grosch, Donald J.Grimm, MattBurguess, Victor W.
ABSTRACT The first part of this paper will outline the conception of the testing apparatus (Figure 1), along with its operation and preliminary results. The second part of the paper will discuss a new methodology used to correlate the dependence of crack growth rate for strain crystallizing natural rubbers in terms of tearing energy. The tearing energy which depends on the type of elastomer, geometry and stress strain behavior of a particular specimen demonstrates a direct correlation with the crack growth rate at different R-ratios (= min tearing energy/max tearing energy). Figure 1 Schematic of the testing apparatus
Kujawski, DanielDiStefano, DarenBradford, William
ABSTRACT This paper describes novel experimental methods aimed at understanding the fundamental phenomena governing the motion of lightweight vehicles on dry, granular soils. A single-wheel test rig is used to empirically investigate wheel motion under controlled wheel slip and loading conditions on sandy, dry soil. Test conditions can be designed to replicate typical field scenarios for lightweight robots, while key operational parameters such as drawbar force, torque, and sinkage are measured. This test rig enables imposition of velocities, or application of loads, to interchangeable running gears within a confined soil bin of dimensions 1.5 m long, 0.7 m wide, and 0.4 m deep. This allows testing of small-scale wheels, tracks, and cone or plate penetrators. Aside from standard wheel experiments (i.e., measurements of drawbar force, applied torque, and sinkage during controlled slip runs) two additional experimental methodologies have been developed. The first relies on high-speed
Senatore, CarmineMacLennan, JamieJayakumar, ParamsothyWulfmeier, MarkusIagnemma, Karl
ABSTRACT For most standards bodies, the validation and maturation process is dependent on motivated members of the standards community to develop reference systems or components and to provide the governing body with the necessary data and details to support maturing a given specification or set of specifications. Although this has worked well for other standards bodies, the VICTORY Standards Support Office (VSSO) recognized early that validation would be key in rapidly defining usable specifications for the Army ground vehicle community. Understanding the importance of validating specifications, the VSSO formally defined a validation process that is used to aid in maturing the VICTORY Standard Specifications. This paper will focus on explaining the formalized validation process that is applied to the VICTORY Standard Specifications
Dennis, DoyleSaylor, KaseWilliams, NikiaSiddapureddy, VenuFairburn, Brian
In this work we demonstrate the influence of different refined TCR refining diesel fuels on emission, power and efficiency in comparison to reference Diesel fuel (homologation fuel for Euro 6 emission testing), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and a blend of poly(oxymethylene)dimethyl ether (OME3) with reference Diesel. The emission characteristics of such TCR fuels used in a production type Diesel engine with modern common rail system has up to now not been tested. The comparison was performed at an engine test bench equipped with a Hatz 4H50 TIC direct injection common rail Diesel engine. For different engine operation points exhaust gas emissions and particulate matters were measured and the results analyzed
Seeger, JanTaschek, Marco
To gain high efficiencies and long lifetimes, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems require precise control of the relative humidity of the cathode supply air. This is usually achieved by the use of membrane humidifiers. These are passive components that transfer the product water of the cathode exhaust air to humidify the supply air. Due to the passive design, controllability is achieved via a bypass. It is possible to use map-based control strategies to avoid the use of humidity sensors. Such map-based control requires deep insights into the humidifier behavior in all possible thermodynamic operating states, including various water loads. This paper focuses on typical operating conditions of heavy-duty application at high load, specifically on the occurrence of liquid water in the cathode exhaust gas, which has not been sufficiently investigated in the literature yet. In order to simulate these conditions, we built a test rig with an optically accessible single-channel set
Mull, SophieWeiss, LukasWensing, Michael
In recent years, deposit formation in fuel systems for heavy-duty engines, using drop-in fuels, have become increasingly common. Drop-in fuels are particularly appealing because they are compatible with existing engines, allowing for higher proportions of alternative fuels to be blended with conventional fuels. However, the precipitation of insoluble substances from drop-in fuels can result in fuel filter clogging and the formation of internal injector deposits, leading to higher fuel consumption and issues with engine drivability. The precise reasons behind the formation of these deposits in the fuel system remain unclear, with factors such as operating conditions, fuel quality, and fuel contamination all suggested as potential contributors. In order to reproduce and study the formation of internal injector deposits, for heavy-duty engines under controlled conditions and to facilitate a more precise comparison to field trials, a novel injector test rig has been developed. This newly
Pach, MayteHittig, HenrikTheveny, ArnaudKusar, HenrikHruby, Sarah
In the quest for reduced cost and shorter development times for fuel cell systems in industrial applications, two major issues arise. First, the electrochemical behavior of fuel cell systems is inherently difficult to predict. Second, testing fuel cell systems is resource intensive. These issues compound: Setting up an accurate model of a fuel cell system incurs long testing periods for model validation. Further, it does not guarantee acceptable results outside the tested range or for other membrane electrode assembly compositions. To mitigate these two major issues an X in the Loop concept is proposed. Essentially, this is the direct integration of the test sample, here a single fuel cell, into the modelling environment of the whole system. In practice, two strategies with different levels of integration are defined. The first strategy consists of initially deducing the operating parameters of the sample cell from the fuel cell system model. Then, setting them to the sample cell in
Oswald, TancrèdeWeiss, LukasWensing, Michael
This document defines performance standards which mechanical fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This document defines performance standards which fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This document provides recommended best practice methods and processes for the in-service inspection, evaluation and cleaning of all physical contact (PC) fiber optic interconnect components (termini, alignment sleeves and connectors), test equipment and test leads for maintainers qualified to the approved aerospace fiber optic training courses developed in accordance with ARP5602 or ARINC807. This document also provides a decision-making disposition flowchart to determine whether the fiber optic components are acceptable for operation. For definitions of individual component parts refer to ARP5061
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method of conducting an endurance test using contaminated air when the applicable specification requires non-recirculation of the contaminants. The objective of the test is to determine the resistance of the engine mounted components to wear or damage caused by the contaminated air. The method described herein calls for non-recirculation of the contaminants and is intended to provide a uniform distribution of the contaminant at the inlet to the Unit Under Test (UUT). The UUT may require the use of a hydraulic fluid for actuation of components within the test unit. Contamination of the test hydraulic fluid is not part of this recommended practice. If contaminated hydraulic fluid is required by the applicable test specification, refer to MAP749
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Arraid LLC Phoenix, AZ 480-699-3047 JamesHilken@solidstatedisks.com
Vehicle chassis design can take great advantage from a virtual design approach, as it helps tackle the complexity of modern machines, bringing benefits in performance, development cost, and lead-time. For specific applications such as construction or defense vehicles, the simulation design chain may lack significant input model bricks due to the physical limitations of existing test equipment which limit their ability to characterize the large components and extreme loading conditions (high loads, large torques, extreme slip angles. etc.). Michelin SIMIX proposes / develops an innovative solution to fill the gap by combining physical real world measured data with virtual measurements, allowing the creation of digital models relevant to the full usage perimeter
Andrews, MikeMaclanders, JustinKhayat, CédricLeymin, FrédéricSpetler, Frédéric
This document defines cables that are used to provide electrical power for U.S. Department of Defense avionics support and test equipment
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Manually checking the quality of components or products in industry is labor-intensive for employees and error-prone on top of that. The Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design IEM is unveiling a solution that provides total versatility in this area. In an it’s OWL supported collaboration with Diebold Nixdorf and software specialist verlinked, Fraunhofer IEM has created a combination of collaborative robot (cobot), AI-based image analysis and IoT platform. The system frees employees from having to perform visual inspections and can be incorporated into all kinds of testing scenarios. The Fraunhofer researchers presented a demonstrator of the cobot/IoT platform at the 2024 Hannover Messe Trade Show in February
Accurate estimation of vehicle energy consumption plays an important role in developing advanced energy-saving connected automated vehicle technologies such as Eco Approach and Departure, PHEV mode blending, and Eco-route planning. The present study developed a reduced-order energy model with second-order response surfaces and torque estimation to estimate the energy consumption while just relying on the drive cycle information. The model is developed for fully electric Chevrolet Bolt using chassis dynamometer data. The dyno test data encompasses the various EPA test cycles, real-world, and aggressive maneuvers to capture most powertrain operating conditions. The developed model predicts energy consumption using vehicle speed and road-grade inputs for a drive cycle. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the prediction results against track and road test data. The developed model was able to accurately predict the energy consumption for track drive cycles within the error
Goyal, VasuDudekula, Ahammad BashaStutenberg, KevinRobinette, DarrellOvist, GrantNaber, Jeffery
This article aims to conduct a comprehensive performance analysis of various propeller configurations and motors for uncrewed aerial vehicles. The experimental method is used for this study through the performance analysis of the motors and propellers at various conditions. In this study, the test rig has been manufactured specially to test the propeller and motor configuration as per the standard to obtain the thrust at various supplied voltage. This study proved that the increase in the size of propeller leads to increase in the thrust, as well as it can be used for specific applications of the drone like racing drone. It reveals that the maximum diameter of a propeller is 14 inches, which produces the thrust in the range of 2400 g to 361 g depending on motor capacity compared to the other size of the propellers. The novelty of the work is to analyze the performance of propellers and motors for optimization and application of drones through experimental methods. This method can be
Ajay Vishwath, N.C.Balaji, K.Vaishampayan, VibhavPatil, DeepMehta, ParshvaDonde, Gaurangi
Simulation company rFpro has already mapped over 180 digital locations around the world, including public roads, proving grounds and race circuits. But the company's latest is by far its biggest and most complicated. Matt Daley, technical director at rFpro, announced at AutoSens USA 2024 that its new Los Angeles route is an “absolutely massive, complicated model” of a 36-km (22-mile) loop that can be virtually driven in both directions. Along these digital roads - which were built off survey-grade LIDAR data with a 1 cm by 1 cm (1.1-in by 1.1 in) X-Y grid - rFpro has added over 12,000 buildings, 13,000 pieces of street infrastructure (like signs and lamps), and 40,000 pieces of vegetation. “It's a fantastic location,” Daley said. “It's a huge array of different types of challenging infrastructure for AVs. You can drive this loop with full vehicle dynamic inputs, ready to excite the suspension and, especially with AVs, shake the sensors in the correct way as you would be getting if you
Blanco, Sebastian
The shape and energy distribution characteristics of exhaust pulse of an asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharged engine have a significant impact on the matching between asymmetric twin-scroll turbines and engines, as well as the matching between asymmetric twin scrolls and turbine wheels. In this article, the exhaust pulse characteristics of an asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharged engine was studied. Experiments were conducted on a turbine test rig and an engine performance stand to determine the operation rules of exhaust pulse strength, turbine flow parameters, turbine isentropic energy, and turbine efficiency. The results showed that the exhaust pulse strength at the inlets of both the small and large scrolls continuously decreased with the increase of engine speed. And the flow parameters at the inlets of the small and large scrolls exhibited a “ring” or “butterfly” shape with the change of expansion ratio depending on the pressure deviation of the extreme points at the troughs on both
Wu, LiangqinJin, JianjiaoWang, JieZhang, Chenyun
Airplane manufacturers running noise tests on new aircraft now have a much cheaper option than traditional wired microphone arrays. And it’s sensitive enough to help farmers with pest problems. The wireless microphone array that one company recently created with help from NASA can locate crop-threatening insects by listening for sound they make in fields. And now, it’s making fast, affordable testing possible almost anywhere
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