Browse Topic: Test equipment and instrumentation

Items (2,556)
The motion of the intake and exhaust valves plays a pivotal role in determining operational efficiency and performance, especially in high-specific power 4-stroke engines. At high rpm levels, the dynamic behavior of the valve may deviate from the kinematic model established during the design phase. This discrepancy arises due to the high accelerations and forces to which the valve and other components of the valvetrain system are subjected. Notably, under such conditions, the valve may detach from the cam profile at the conclusion of the opening stroke and can exhibit a bouncing behavior during the closing stroke. Moreover, the elasticity of all valvetrain system elements introduces additional complexities. Factors such as timing chain elongation, camshaft carrier deformation, and valve stem compression can contribute to a deviation in phase compared to the initially defined kinematics. Within this context, the direct measurement of the valves motion represents fundamental information
Grilli, NiccolòRomani, LucaRaspanti, SandroBosi, LorenzoFerrara, GiovanniTrassi, PaoloFiaschi, JacopoGuarducci, Edoardo
Understanding the formation and behaviour of sprays and aerosols generated by vehicles traveling on wet surfaces is crucial due to their impact on vehicle soiling, visibility, and autonomous driving. These sprays and aerosols can reduce visibility for other drivers, contribute to traffic accidents, and reduce the operational capabilities of sensors for driving assistance systems and future autonomous vehicles. Despite the critical importance of understanding the physical properties of these sprays and aerosols for the testing and validation of sensors used in environmental perception and recognition, field data on this subject remains limited. The formation and behaviour of these sprays and aerosols are complex. A fraction of the trailing droplets and ligaments originates directly from the tyres, while the remainder is generated upon the impact of the particles ejected from the tyres with the vehicle’s wheel houses and other surfaces, resulting in either coalescence or further
Otxoterena, PaulKallhammer, Jan-ErikEriksson, PeterRonelov, Erik
With the continuous development of automotive intelligence, there is an increasing demand for vehicle chassis systems to become more intelligent, electronically controlled, integrated, and lightweight. In this context, the steer-by-wire system, which is electronically controlled, offers high precision and fast response. It provides greater flexibility, stability, and comfort for the vehicle, thus meeting the above requirements and has garnered widespread attention. Unlike traditional systems, the steer-by-wire system eliminates mechanical components, meaning the road feel cannot be directly transmitted to the steering wheel. To address this, the road feel, which is derived from the vehicle's state or integrated with environmental driving data, must be simulated and transmitted to the steering wheel through a road feel motor. This motor generates feedback that mimics the road feel, similar to that experienced in a conventional steering system. This simulation enhances the driver's
Li, ShangKaku, ChuyoZheng, HongyuZhang, Yuzhou
To effectively improve the performance of chassis control of a four in-wheel motor (IWM)-driven electric vehicles (EVs), especially in combing nonlinear observer and chassis control for improving road handling and ride comfort, is a challenging task for the IWM-driven EVs. Simultaneously, inaccurate state-based control and uncertainty with system input, are always existing, e.g., variable control boundary, varying road input or control parameters. Due to the higher fatality rate caused by variable factors, how to precisely chose and enforce the reasonable chassis prescribed performance control strategy of IWM-driven EVs become a hot topic in both academia and industry. To issue the above mentioned, the paper proposes a novel observer-based prescribed performance control to improve IWM-driven EVs chassis performance under the double lane change steering. Firstly, a nonlinear nine degree-of-freedom of full-car model is developed to describe vehicle chassis dynamics, and the proposed
Wang, ZhenfengLong, JiarongLi, ShengchongZhang, XiaoyangZhao, Binggen
A specific thick film heater (TFH) for electric vehicles is investigaed in this study, and its three dimensional heat tansfer analysis model is estab-lished. The heat transfer and fluid performance of the TFH is analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics soft-ware. The performance of TFH is measured on a test bench, and the measured data is used to validate the developed model. Using the established model, the heating efficiency of TFH is studied for different inlet temperatures and flow rates, and the influence of the fin spoiler structure on TFH heating efficiency and the heating board temperature is investigated. The result indicates that the spoiler structure has a large effect on the board heating temperature, but has little effect on the heating efficiency. An orthogonal experimental design method is used to optimize the design of the fins and water channels, and the purpose is to reduce the board heating temperature for preventing over burning. Under the 25°C inlet
Guan, WenzheGuo, YimingWu, XiaoyongWang, DongdongShangguan, Wen-Bin
The majority of transportation systems continue to rely on internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Heavy-duty applications, in particular, depend on diesel engines due to their high brake efficiency, power density, and robustness. Despite significant advancements in diesel engine technology that have reduced emissions and improved efficiency, complex and costly after-treatment systems remain necessary to meet the stringent emission regulations. Dimethyl ether (DME), which can be produced from various renewable feedstocks and possesses high chemical reactivity, is a promising alternative for heavy-duty applications, particularly in compression ignition direct injection engines. Its high reactivity, volatility, and oxygenated composition offer significant potential to address emission challenges while reducing reliance on after-treatment systems. However, DME’s lower energy density requires adjustments in injection parameters (such as injection pressure and duration) or
Cong, BinghaoLeblanc, SimonTjong, JimiTing, DavidYu, XiaoZheng, Ming
In cold and snowy areas, low-friction and non-uniform road surfaces make vehicle control complex. Manually driving a car becomes a labor-intensive process with higher risks. To explore the upper limits of vehicle motion on snow and ice, we use an existing aggressive autonomous algorithm as a testing tool. We built our 1:5 scaled test platform and proposed an RGBA-based cost map generation method to generate cost maps from either recorded GPS waypoints or manually designed waypoints. From the test results, the AutoRally software can be used on our test platform, which has the same wheelbase but different weights and actuators. Due to the different platforms, the maximum speed that the vehicle can reach is reduced by 1.38% and 2.26% at 6.0 m/s and 8.5 m/s target speeds. When tested on snow and ice surfaces, compared to the max speed on dirt (7.51 m/s), the maximum speed decreased by 48% and 53.9%, respectively. In addition to the significant performance degradation on snow and ice, the
Yang, YimingBos, Jeremy P.
Fatigue design is invariably of prior concern for the automotive industry, no matter of the evolution of the mobility market: at first because carmakers must stay compliant with general structural integrity requirements for reliability, notably applicable to the chassis system, then due to the endless competition for lightweighting in order to mitigate product costs and/or enhance vehicle efficiency. In the past, this key performance was often tackled by basic reference load cases, making use of the simplest signal content, e.g. sinus functions, to practice constant amplitude loads on test rigs and for computations, respectively. Nowadays, full time series coming from proving ground measurements, or any corresponding virtual road load data computations, may be applied to feed complex vehicle computations for virtual assessment and complex test facilities for final approval, under variable amplitude loads. In between, the concept of load spectra (i.e. distribution of amplitudes with
Facchinetti, Matteo LucaTjhung, TanaJaffre lng, SébastienDatta, SandipHayat lng, RomainGuo, Mingchao
Following the current need of the automotive sector on reducing secondary emissions coming from non-exhaust sources, this paper presents an innovative zero-emissions magneto-rheological braking system, specifically designed to reach future brake emission targets while maintaining safety brake performance. In particular, the article focusses on the experimental setup design to evaluate a full-sized brake prototype under real load conditions and it presents the first experimental results. The zero-emission braking prototype has been developed for reaching performance compatible with the automotive application, specifically a segment-A vehicle, being able to generate enough braking torque as to perform an emergency brake maneuver without any other traditional braking system. A central aspect to confirm the system’s performance is the development of a test bench engineered for assessing the magneto-rheological braking technology. Detailed insights into the comprehensive strategy
Tempone, Giuseppe PioDe Carlo, MatteoCarello, Massimilianade Carvalho Pinheiro, HenriqueImberti, Giovanni
Continuing prior work, which established a simulation workflow for fatigue performance of elastomeric suspension bushings operating under a schedule of 6-channel (3 forces + 3 moments) road load histories, the present work validates Endurica-predicted fatigue performance against test bench results for a set of multi-channel, time-domain loading histories. The experimental fatigue testing program was conducted on a servo-hydraulic 3 axis test rig. The rig provided radial (cross-car), axial (for-aft), and torsional load inputs controlled via remote parameter control (rpc) playback of road load data acquisition signals from 11 different test track events. Bushings were tested and removed for inspection at intervals ranging from 1x to 5x of the test-equivalent vehicle life. Parts were sectioned and checked for cracks, for point of initiation and for crack length. No failure was observed for bushings operated to 1 nominal bushing lifetime. After 3 nominal bushing lifetimes, cracks were
Mars, WillBarbash, KevinWieczorek, MatthewPham, LiemBraddock, ScottSteiner, EthanStrumpfer, Scott
The suspension Kinematics & compliance (K&C) characteristic test bench can simulate the excitation of the road to the wheels under various typical working conditions in a quasi-static manner on the bench, enabling the measurement of the K&C characteristics of the suspension system without knowing the specific suspension structure form, parameters, etc., assisting in the entire design process of the vehicle. In this paper, aiming at various geometric source errors existing in the processing and assembly process of the K&C characteristic test bench, an evaluation method based on the homogeneous transformation matrix is proposed to establish the position error of the center of the end loading disk in the series motion chain. Firstly, the mapping relationship between the position error of the end loading disk in the series mechanism kinematic chain and the assembly error is established by using the homogeneous transformation matrix. Then, the change matrix of the coordinate system from the
Sun, HaihuaDuan, YupengWu, JinglaiZhang, Yunqing
As Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) systems become standard equipment in more light duty vehicles, the ability to evaluate these systems efficiently is becoming critical to regulatory agencies and manufacturers. A key driver of the practicality of evaluating these systems’ performance is the potential collision between the subject vehicle and test target. AEB performance can depend on vehicle-to-vehicle closing speeds, crash scenarios, and nuanced differences between various situational and environmental factors. Consequently, high speed impacts that may occur while evaluating the performance of an AEB system, as a result of partial or incomplete mitigation by an AEB activation, can cause significant damage to both the test vehicle and equipment, which may be impractical. For tests in which impact with the test target is not acceptable, or as a means of increasing test count, an alternative test termination methodology may be used. One such method constitutes the application of a late
Kuykendal, MichelleEaster, CaseyKoszegi, GiacomoAlexander, RossParadiso, MarcScally, Sean
The electric vehicle market, vehicle ECU computing power, and connected electronic vehicle control systems continue to grow in the automotive industry. The results of these advanced and expanded vehicle technologies will provide customers with increased cost savings, safety, and ride quality benefits. One of these beneficial technologies is the tire wearing prediction. The improved prediction of tire wear will advise a customer the best time to change tires. It is expected that this prediction algorithms will be essential part for both the optimization of the chassis control systems and ADAS systems to respond to changed tire performance that varies with a tire’s wear condition. This trend is growing, with many automakers interested in developing advanced technologies to improve product quality and safety. This study is aimed at analyzing the handling and ride comfort characteristics of the tire according to the depth of tire pattern wear change. The handing and ride comfort
Kim, ChangsuKwon, SeungminSung, Dae-UnRyu, YonghyunKo, Younghee
The Chinese demand for coal necessitates the transportation over long distances, due to the disparity between its availability and the need. With the increase of coal demand, the scale of railroad transportation is also gradually expanding, which leads to the increasingly prominent problem of coal transportation safety. Especially in the transportation process, coal dust explosion has become an important safety hazard due to the accumulation of a large amount of coal dust in some specific Spaces. Therefore, the study of coal dust explosion suppression has become an urgent task at present. The solution to this problem is of great significance to ensure the safety of coal transportation. In this study, the explosion suppression of coal dust by four types of molecular sieves was experimentally analyzed using the Hartmann flame propagation test equipment, and the results showed that mesoporous molecular sieves were far superior to microporous molecular sieves in suppressing explosions. The
DongYe, ShengjingZhang, YansongChen, JinsheYang, YangWang, FeiHan, Jin
Electric vehicles (EVs) are paving the way for future mobility, with drive motors playing a central role in their efficiency and performance. Motor testing machines are crucial for validating EV motors, yet flaws in testing equipment, such as gear issues, often lead to operational disruptions. This study aims to enhance motor testing by implementing machine learning and vibration signal analysis to detect gear faults early. Using statistical feature extraction and classifiers like Quadratic SVM and Bagged Trees, the collected vibration signals are categorized as normal or faulty under loaded (0.275 kW) and no-load conditions. Performance comparison reveals the Bagged Trees algorithm's superior accuracy of 95.3%. This approach offers an intelligent, preventive maintenance solution, improving the motor test bench’s reliability.
S, RavikumarSyed, ShaulV, MuralidharanD, Pradeep Kumar
This paper aims to describe a quarter-car suspension test bench automation process to be utilized in an academic environment. The project is made up of pneumatic system modeling and control system design. An analysis of the bench’s pneumatic system is carried out. This pneumatic system is composed of a pneumatic actuator and a proportional directional control valve, which are responsible for generating the road profile. It is proposed a model to compensate the non-linearities present in the pneumatic system measurement process and the disturbances caused by the under test suspension system, as well as a control strategy for small displacements of the load through linear control approaches, which provide the necessary flexibility to directly influence the parameters affecting the dynamics of the excitation system platform’s displacement, thereby reducing the complexity of the controller design to be adopted. Furthermore, analyses are conducted on the effectiveness of the control in
Siqueira, Matheus AmaralGomes, Pedro CarvalhoTeixeira, Evandro Leonardo SilvaFortaleza, Eugênio Libório FeitosaMorais, Marcus Vinicius Girão
A bench was developed with the aim of making it possible to test direct injection fuel system of low-displacement engines (up to 2,000cc) outside of a conventional test bench. It has adjustable supports that make it possible to install various engines of different manufacturers. In addition, the bench has features an electric motor, an external oil pumping system and a programmable ECU. These accessory systems were necessary because the engine for which the bench was initially designed has undergone various adaptations that required external systems such as those mentioned above. The project was designed to provide great ease, agility and low manufacturing costs, so the entire bench chassis was manufactured using just one standardized steel profile that is easily found on the market. Still about manufacturing, the concept of the prototype was also developed around the need for it to be compact and easy to transport so that the tests could be carried out in different environments in an
Zabeu, Clayton BarcelosPires, Gustavo CassaresJesus, Renato VieiraOliveira Polízio, Yuri Alves
During accelerations and decelerations of a race car whose engine has a wet sump, the forces generated by the vehicle’s motion cause the engine oil to vigorously shift towards the walls of the oil pan and crankcase, contributing to the phenomenon known as ‘sloshing.’ This phenomenon often leads to fluctuations in oil pressure, resulting in oil pressure surge, when the oil is pushed away from the pump pickup point. Via the logged data, the Formula UFSM FSAE Team had witnessed a recurrent lack of oil pressure in the race track during the 2023 Brazilian FSAE competition. In the AutoCross Event, the recurrence of this problem was 80% of the right corners on lateral accelerations between 0.80G and 1.30G. The average oil pressure in this condition was 0.80 bar, even reaching 0.10 bar above 5000 RPM. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new set of baffles for the oil pan, capable of minimizing the effects of sloshing and, consequently, the oil surge. As a method of research, a test bench
Zimmermann, Natalia DiovanaJunior, Luiz Alfredo CoelhoMartins, MarioHausen, Roberto
In the fast growing automotive sector, reliability & durability are two terms of utmost importance along with weight and cost optimization. Therefore it is important to explore new technology which has less weight, low manufacturing cost and better strength. It also seek for a quick, cost effective and reliable methodology for its design validation so that any modification can be made by identifying the failures. This paper presents the rig level real world usage pattern simulation methodology to validate and correlate the vehicle level targets for micro strain, wheel forces and displacement on suspension components like optimized Z spring, torque rods, pan hard rod & mounting brackets of newly developed air suspension for buses.
Tangade, Atul BanduBabar, SunilBankar, Milind AchyutraoMehendale, RavindraDhumal, KailasBhusari, DeepakSonawane, RavindraShinde, Saurabh
Gear shifting effort or force especially in manual transmission has been one of the key factors for subjective assessment in passenger vehicle segment. An optimum effort to shift into the gears creates a big difference in overall assessment of the vehicle. The gear shifting effort travels through the transmission shifting system that helps driver to shift between the different available gears as per the torque and speed demand. The shifting system is further divided into two sub-systems. 1. Peripheral system [Gear Shift Lever with knob and shift Cable Assembly] and Shift system inside the transmission [Shift Tower Assembly, Shift Forks, Hub and sleeve Assembly with keys, Gear Cones and Synchronizer Rings etc.] [1]. Both the systems have their own role in overall gear shifting effort. There has been work already done on evaluation of the transmission shifting system as whole for gear shifting effort with typical test bench layouts. Also, work has been on assessment of life of the
Singh, ParamjeetYadav, Sanjay Kumar
Increasingly stringent emission regulations continue to be legislated around the world to significantly minimize pollutants released to the air by internal combustion engines. After Treatment Systems (ATS) meant for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust into non-harmful species have evolved at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Stringent emissions requirements have driven complex ATS architecture through sensors to measure delta-pressure, NOx, and temperatures. Accurate and precise performance of individual components as well as the integrated ATS is required to ensure regulatory compliance and efficient performance. Both of which require substantial amounts of performance and validation testing. Manufacturers have been developing the ability to accurately and efficiently test the ATS components. To meet the norms for tail pipe or stack emissions of NOx in ‘as new’ condition and during the entire ‘emissions useful life (EUL)’ of the ATS, all components of an ATS must
Raut, Pratiksha COttikkutti, PradheepramPhadke, Abhijit NarahariMagar, Vijay A.
Clutch wear is a significant factor affecting vehicle performance and maintenance costs, and understanding its dynamics is crucial for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to enhance product reliability and customer satisfaction. It is important to predict clutch wear to enable customers to understand the condition of their clutch and the remaining clutch life, to avoid sudden vehicle breakdowns. This paper explains the approach of measuring the clutch wear profile on an actual vehicle and simulating the same conditions on a powertrain test bench, with the establishment of a correlation in clutch wear profiles.
Chopra, ChandanKumar, VarunMamidigumpula, Mohan Kumar Reddy
Hypersonic platforms provide a challenge for flight test campaigns due to the application's flight profiles and environments. The hypersonic environment is generally classified as any speed above Mach 5, although there are finer distinctions, such as “high hypersonic” (between Mach 10 to 25) and “reentry” (above Mach 25). Hypersonic speeds are accompanied, in general, by a small shock standoff distance. As the Mach number increases, the entropy layer of the air around the platform changes rapidly, and there are accompanying vortical flows. Also, a significant amount of aerodynamic heating causes the air around the platform to disassociate and ionize. From a flight test perspective, this matters because the plasma and the ionization interfere with the radio frequency (RF) channels. This interference reduces the telemetry links' reliability and backup techniques must be employed to guarantee the reception of acquired data. Additionally, the flight test instrumentation (FTI) package needs
In order to compare test results obtained from different crash test facilities, standardized coordinate systems need to be defined for crash test dummies, vehicle structures, and laboratory fixtures. In addition, recorded polarities for various transducer outputs need to be defined relative to positive directions of the appropriate coordinate systems. This SAE Information Report describes the standardized sign convention and recorded output polarities for various transducers used in crash testing.
Safety Test Instrumentation Standards Committee
In the quest for reduced cost and shorter development times for fuel cell systems in industrial applications, two major issues arise. First, the electrochemical behavior of fuel cell systems is inherently difficult to predict. Second, testing fuel cell systems is resource intensive. These issues compound: Setting up an accurate model of a fuel cell system incurs long testing periods for model validation. Further, it does not guarantee acceptable results outside the tested range or for other membrane electrode assembly compositions. To mitigate these two major issues an X in the Loop concept is proposed. Essentially, this is the direct integration of the test sample, here a single fuel cell, into the modelling environment of the whole system. In practice, two strategies with different levels of integration are defined. The first strategy consists of initially deducing the operating parameters of the sample cell from the fuel cell system model. Then, setting them to the sample cell in
Oswald, TancrèdeWeiss, LukasWensing, Michael
To gain high efficiencies and long lifetimes, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems require precise control of the relative humidity of the cathode supply air. This is usually achieved by the use of membrane humidifiers. These are passive components that transfer the product water of the cathode exhaust air to humidify the supply air. Due to the passive design, controllability is achieved via a bypass. It is possible to use map-based control strategies to avoid the use of humidity sensors. Such map-based control requires deep insights into the humidifier behavior in all possible thermodynamic operating states, including various water loads. This paper focuses on typical operating conditions of heavy-duty application at high load, specifically on the occurrence of liquid water in the cathode exhaust gas, which has not been sufficiently investigated in the literature yet. In order to simulate these conditions, we built a test rig with an optically accessible single-channel set
Mull, SophieWeiss, LukasWensing, Michael
In this work we demonstrate the influence of different refined TCR refining diesel fuels on emission, power and efficiency in comparison to reference Diesel fuel (homologation fuel for Euro 6 emission testing), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and a blend of poly(oxymethylene)dimethyl ether (OME3) with reference Diesel. The emission characteristics of such TCR fuels used in a production type Diesel engine with modern common rail system has up to now not been tested. The comparison was performed at an engine test bench equipped with a Hatz 4H50 TIC direct injection common rail Diesel engine. For different engine operation points exhaust gas emissions and particulate matters were measured and the results analyzed.
Seeger, JanTaschek, Marco
In recent years, deposit formation in fuel systems for heavy-duty engines, using drop-in fuels, have become increasingly common. Drop-in fuels are particularly appealing because they are compatible with existing engines, allowing for higher proportions of alternative fuels to be blended with conventional fuels. However, the precipitation of insoluble substances from drop-in fuels can result in fuel filter clogging and the formation of internal injector deposits, leading to higher fuel consumption and issues with engine drivability. The precise reasons behind the formation of these deposits in the fuel system remain unclear, with factors such as operating conditions, fuel quality, and fuel contamination all suggested as potential contributors. In order to reproduce and study the formation of internal injector deposits, for heavy-duty engines under controlled conditions and to facilitate a more precise comparison to field trials, a novel injector test rig has been developed. This newly
Pach, MayteHittig, HenrikTheveny, ArnaudKusar, HenrikHruby, Sarah
This document provides recommended best practice methods and processes for the in-service inspection, evaluation and cleaning of all physical contact (PC) fiber optic interconnect components (termini, alignment sleeves and connectors), test equipment and test leads for maintainers qualified to the approved aerospace fiber optic training courses developed in accordance with ARP5602 or ARINC807. This document also provides a decision-making disposition flowchart to determine whether the fiber optic components are acceptable for operation. For definitions of individual component parts refer to ARP5061.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This document defines performance standards which fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This document defines performance standards which mechanical fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments.
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method of conducting an endurance test using contaminated air when the applicable specification requires non-recirculation of the contaminants. The objective of the test is to determine the resistance of the engine mounted components to wear or damage caused by the contaminated air. The method described herein calls for non-recirculation of the contaminants and is intended to provide a uniform distribution of the contaminant at the inlet to the Unit Under Test (UUT). The UUT may require the use of a hydraulic fluid for actuation of components within the test unit. Contamination of the test hydraulic fluid is not part of this recommended practice. If contaminated hydraulic fluid is required by the applicable test specification, refer to MAP749.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Arraid LLC Phoenix, AZ 480-699-3047 JamesHilken@solidstatedisks.com
This document defines cables that are used to provide electrical power for U.S. Department of Defense avionics support and test equipment.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Manually checking the quality of components or products in industry is labor-intensive for employees and error-prone on top of that. The Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design IEM is unveiling a solution that provides total versatility in this area. In an it’s OWL supported collaboration with Diebold Nixdorf and software specialist verlinked, Fraunhofer IEM has created a combination of collaborative robot (cobot), AI-based image analysis and IoT platform. The system frees employees from having to perform visual inspections and can be incorporated into all kinds of testing scenarios. The Fraunhofer researchers presented a demonstrator of the cobot/IoT platform at the 2024 Hannover Messe Trade Show in February.
Accurate estimation of vehicle energy consumption plays an important role in developing advanced energy-saving connected automated vehicle technologies such as Eco Approach and Departure, PHEV mode blending, and Eco-route planning. The present study developed a reduced-order energy model with second-order response surfaces and torque estimation to estimate the energy consumption while just relying on the drive cycle information. The model is developed for fully electric Chevrolet Bolt using chassis dynamometer data. The dyno test data encompasses the various EPA test cycles, real-world, and aggressive maneuvers to capture most powertrain operating conditions. The developed model predicts energy consumption using vehicle speed and road-grade inputs for a drive cycle. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the prediction results against track and road test data. The developed model was able to accurately predict the energy consumption for track drive cycles within the error
Goyal, VasuDudekula, Ahammad BashaStutenberg, KevinRobinette, DarrellOvist, GrantNaber, Jeffery
This article aims to conduct a comprehensive performance analysis of various propeller configurations and motors for uncrewed aerial vehicles. The experimental method is used for this study through the performance analysis of the motors and propellers at various conditions. In this study, the test rig has been manufactured specially to test the propeller and motor configuration as per the standard to obtain the thrust at various supplied voltage. This study proved that the increase in the size of propeller leads to increase in the thrust, as well as it can be used for specific applications of the drone like racing drone. It reveals that the maximum diameter of a propeller is 14 inches, which produces the thrust in the range of 2400 g to 361 g depending on motor capacity compared to the other size of the propellers. The novelty of the work is to analyze the performance of propellers and motors for optimization and application of drones through experimental methods. This method can be
Ajay Vishwath, N.C.Balaji, K.Vaishampayan, VibhavPatil, DeepMehta, ParshvaDonde, Gaurangi
Simulation company rFpro has already mapped over 180 digital locations around the world, including public roads, proving grounds and race circuits. But the company's latest is by far its biggest and most complicated. Matt Daley, technical director at rFpro, announced at AutoSens USA 2024 that its new Los Angeles route is an “absolutely massive, complicated model” of a 36-km (22-mile) loop that can be virtually driven in both directions. Along these digital roads - which were built off survey-grade LIDAR data with a 1 cm by 1 cm (1.1-in by 1.1 in) X-Y grid - rFpro has added over 12,000 buildings, 13,000 pieces of street infrastructure (like signs and lamps), and 40,000 pieces of vegetation. “It's a fantastic location,” Daley said. “It's a huge array of different types of challenging infrastructure for AVs. You can drive this loop with full vehicle dynamic inputs, ready to excite the suspension and, especially with AVs, shake the sensors in the correct way as you would be getting if you
Blanco, Sebastian
The shape and energy distribution characteristics of exhaust pulse of an asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharged engine have a significant impact on the matching between asymmetric twin-scroll turbines and engines, as well as the matching between asymmetric twin scrolls and turbine wheels. In this article, the exhaust pulse characteristics of an asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharged engine was studied. Experiments were conducted on a turbine test rig and an engine performance stand to determine the operation rules of exhaust pulse strength, turbine flow parameters, turbine isentropic energy, and turbine efficiency. The results showed that the exhaust pulse strength at the inlets of both the small and large scrolls continuously decreased with the increase of engine speed. And the flow parameters at the inlets of the small and large scrolls exhibited a “ring” or “butterfly” shape with the change of expansion ratio depending on the pressure deviation of the extreme points at the troughs on both
Wu, LiangqinJin, JianjiaoWang, JieZhang, Chenyun
Airplane manufacturers running noise tests on new aircraft now have a much cheaper option than traditional wired microphone arrays. And it’s sensitive enough to help farmers with pest problems. The wireless microphone array that one company recently created with help from NASA can locate crop-threatening insects by listening for sound they make in fields. And now, it’s making fast, affordable testing possible almost anywhere.
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