Browse Topic: Performance tests

Items (1,300)
The purpose of this study is to analyze different airfoils using various tools like X-Foil and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis (ANSYS Fluent) and compare both the results with wind tunnel experimental data to choose an aerodynamically efficient airfoil, which is suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle/micro aerial vehicle (UAV/MAV) and its operational domain of Reynolds number. The main objective of this analysis is to identify and give us an understanding of the airfoil that has a higher value of Cl max and minimum possible value of Cd. This article discusses various low Reynolds number airfoils, i.e., for the range of Reynolds number between 50,000 and 200,000, which is mostly used for MAVs. Also, between the range of 100,000 and 200,000 for UAVs, which have displayed considerable performance in the past. The article also presents an effort to understand the phenomenon of laminar separation bubbles
Roy, IndranilRao, Sameera
This specification covers performance testing at all phases of development, production, and field analysis of electrical terminals, connectors, and components that constitute the electrical connection systems in road vehicle applications that are: low voltage (0 to 60 VDC) or coaxial. Incomplete (mechanical) specifications for jacketed twisted pair connectors are also provided. These procedures are only applicable to terminals used for in-line, header, and device connector systems. They are not applicable to edge board connector systems, twist-lock connector systems, >60 VAC or DC, or to eyelet terminals. No electrical connector, terminal, or related component may be represented as having met USCAR specifications unless conformance to all applicable requirements of this specification have been verified and documented. All required verification and documentation must be done by the supplier of the part or parts. If testing is performed by another source, it does not relieve the primary
USCAR
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes methods to determine grade parking performance with respect to: a Ability of the parking brake system to lock the braked wheels. b The vehicle holding or sliding on the grade, fully loaded or unloaded. c Applied manual effort. d Unburnished or burnished brake lining friction conditions. e Down and up grade directions
Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee
Re-refining of used lubricating oil is an economically attractive and effective recycling method that contributes significantly to resource conservation and environmental protection. The effective re-refining process of used lubricating oil undergoes thorough purification to remove contaminants and to produce high yield and good quality base oil suitable for reuse in lubricant formulation. Used lubricating oils have various hazardous materials, these can be processed with safe and efficient methods required to recover high-quality base oil products. Typically, used lubricating oil is a mixture of various types of additives, base oils, and viscometric grades as per the different types automotive and industrial applications. Re-refined base oils can be re-used to produce lubricants such as industrial and automotive lubricants like passenger car motor oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic oils, and gear oils. API classified base oils into two categories namely mineral base oils API Group I
Maloth, SwamyJoshi, Ratnadeep S.Mishra, Gopal SwaroopSamant, Nagesh N.Bhadhavath, SankerSeth, SaritaBhardwaj, AnilPaul, SubinoyArora, Ajay KumarMaheshwari, Mukul
Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) systems are used in automobiles to transfer power from the engine-to-engine accessory components such as the alternator, water pump, etc. using a Belt and Tensioner. The emergence of Mild hybrid technologies has led to the replacement of alternator with Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator (B-ISG). In conventional configuration of FEAD, the power transfer is in single direction but in mild hybrid engine power transfer is bidirectional: tight and slack side of the Belt changes as per Torque assist or Regeneration mode. The presence of an integrated starter-generator (ISG) in a belt transmission places excessive strain on the FEAD System and necessitates checking the dynamic performance of FEAD System thoroughly. Study of Increase in Engine Torque in existing Vehicle was done to understand its effect on various system. This vehicle is Mild Hybrid and consists of Belt-driven Integrated Starter generator system. Increase in Engine torque lead to
Kumar, AdityaGupta, AvinashBharti, Anil Kant
For all the engineering that takes place at the Treadwell Research Park (TRP), Discount Tire's chief product and technical officer John Baldwin told SAE Media that there's actually something akin to magic in the way giga-reams of test data are converted into information non-engineers can usefully understand. TRP is where Discount Tire generates data used by the algorithms behind its Treadwell tire shopping guide. The consumer-facing Treadwell tool, available in an app, a website and in stores, provides tire shoppers with personalized, simple-to-understand recommendations that are mostly based on a five-star scale. Discount Tire and its partners have tested over 20,000 SKUs, representing 500 to 1000 different types of tires over the years, Baldwin said, including variants and updates. Testing a tire to discover it has an 8.2 rolling resistance coefficient is one thing. The trick is finding a way to explain it to someone standing in a tire shop
Blanco, Sebastian
Hypersonic platforms provide a challenge for flight test campaigns due to the application's flight profiles and environments. The hypersonic environment is generally classified as any speed above Mach 5, although there are finer distinctions, such as “high hypersonic” (between Mach 10 to 25) and “reentry” (above Mach 25). Hypersonic speeds are accompanied, in general, by a small shock standoff distance. As the Mach number increases, the entropy layer of the air around the platform changes rapidly, and there are accompanying vortical flows. Also, a significant amount of aerodynamic heating causes the air around the platform to disassociate and ionize. From a flight test perspective, this matters because the plasma and the ionization interfere with the radio frequency (RF) channels. This interference reduces the telemetry links' reliability and backup techniques must be employed to guarantee the reception of acquired data. Additionally, the flight test instrumentation (FTI) package needs
Most rechargeable batteries that power portable devices, such as toys, handheld vacuums, and e-bikes, use lithium-ion technology. But these batteries can have short lifetimes and may catch fire when damaged. To address stability and safety issues, researchers reporting in ACS Energy Letters have designed a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery that features an improved iron sulfide cathode. One prototype remains highly stable over 300 charge-discharge cycles, and another provides power even after being folded or cut
ABSTRACT Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are being fielded with increasing frequency for military applications. However, there is a lack of agreed upon standards, definitions, performance metrics, and evaluation procedures for UGVs. UGV design, development, and deployability have suffered from the lack of accepted standards and metrics. Developing these standards is exceptionally difficult, because any performance metric must not only be evaluated through controlled experiments, but the metric itself must also be checked for relevance. Several committees and workgroups have taken up the challenge of providing standardized performance metrics, and an overview of the current state of performance evaluation for UGVs is presented. The ability to evaluate a potential metric through simulations would greatly enable these work efforts. To that end, an overview of the Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) computational test bed (CTB) and its potential use in the rapid development of
Durst, Phillip J
ABSTRACT Autonomous systems are the future of the Army and Ground Vehicle Systems Center has aligned itself accordingly to support unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) development. Physically testing autonomous algorithms and vehicle systems can be expensive and time consuming, a problem addressed by the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) tools. A multitude of both Government owned and Commercial Off-the-Shelf Tools (COTS) are widely available, all claim to virtually evaluate autonomous ground vehicles operating on various environments and scenarios. Most of the COTS tools primarily focus on the commercial automotive industry where vehicles are driven in a structured environment. In this paper two M&S tools, viz., Autonomous Navigation Virtual Environment Laboratory (ANVEL) and Rover Analysis Modeling and Simulation (ROAMS) are evaluated for military applications, where the demands for navigation include both on-road and off-road, as well as both structured and unstructured environments as
Cole, MichaelLucas, CesarKulkarni, Kumar BCarruth, DanielHudson, ChristopherJayakumar, Paramsothy
ABSTRACT The Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY) Standard adopts many protocols that are traditionally used for developing enterprise application software deployed on general-purpose or server/workstation based computing platforms. This has led to discussions regarding the suitability of the VICTORY Standard for deployment to embedded and resource-constrained platforms. An independent software implementation of VICTORY core services was developed within the U.S Army Tank and Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) VICTORY System Integration Lab (SIL). These services were ported from a general-purpose computing platform to an embedded environment. Test procedures were developed and extensive performance tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of operating in this resource-constrained environment. This paper discusses the development procedures, implementation, test procedures, and performance results
Russell, Mark
ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of and tests performed on a Battery Management System (BMS) that was developed for lithium ion based cell chemistries. The BMS follows a universal architecture developed to support multiple chemistries. It estimates and reports the State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), State of Life (SOL), and Power Availability of the battery pack. The BMS also reports current, cell voltages, and temperatures. Additionally, the BMS performs active and passive cell balancing and fault protection via solid state circuit breakers. The BMS package conforms to military requirements, including an operational temperature range between -55°C and +70°C, and provides a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface. Algorithm accuracy performance was quantified in the laboratory. The BMS consistently demonstrated accuracies within 5% SOC in a software upgradeable, low cost package. Currently we are performing field tests on a U.S. Army ground combat vehicle
Pilvelait, BruceRentel, CarlosFinger, WilliamFogg, DavidPlett, Gregory L.Knakal, Anthony
ABSTRACT As the penetration levels of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in military applications increase, there is a growing need to evaluate their mobility across different latencies and various modes of operation ranging from pure teleoperation to full autonomy. State-of-the-art tools to evaluate mobility of ground vehicles do not address this need due to their not accounting for UGV technologies and the associated latencies. Although the trade-off between latency and performance has been thoroughly studied in the telerobotics literature and the results may qualitatively shed light onto the UGV domain, as well, a quantitative generalization is not possible due to the differences in context. Recognizing this gap, this paper presents a functional relationship between mobility and latency in high-speed, teleoperated UGVs under the context of path following. Specifically, data from human-in-the-loop simulations performed in this paper are combined with data from prior studies to span three
Cole, Michael P.Crean, Cory M.Gorsich, David J.Jayakumar, ParamsothyJain, AbhinandanErsal, Tulga
ABSTRACT The U.S. Army has been pursuing vehicle electrification to achieve enhanced combat effectiveness. The benefits include supporting new capabilities that require high power pulse duty-cycles. These pulse power discharge rate can be significantly higher than commercial Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Energy Storage Systems (ESS) systems, resulting in significantly lower lifetimes than commercial applications. Results of high power pulse duty cycles on lifetime performance are presented as well as a discussion on the cause of degradation. Citation: T. Thampan, Y. Ding, L.Toomey, A. Hundich, V. Babu, “Accelerated degradation of Li-ion Batteries for High Rate Discharge Applications”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019
Thampan, TonyDing, YiToomey, LaurenceHundich, AlexBabu, Venkatesh
ABSTRACT Fuel filters used to remove particulates from liquids are evaluated by OEM’s and filter manufacturers using standardized test protocols that specify simplified conditions that aid in laboratory reproducibility. These test results do not always translate into actual filter performance in application. In military vehicles that experience frequent demands for rapid acceleration and deceleration and extreme vibration, the importance of evaluating fluid filtration performance with these parameters as inputs is significant. This paper discusses an investigation of the performance sensitivity of a diesel particulate filter to structural vibration properties and flow rate fluctuation. After determination of this sensitivity to dynamic inputs, a new test protocol was developed for evaluating competitive fuel filters. The cyclic flow and mechanical vibration inputs for the new protocol were selected to be representative of those that would be seen in a heavy duty diesel application
Hollingsworth, LarryWostarek, PeterExposito, Christian
ABSTRACT The U.S. Army has been pursuing vehicle electrification to achieve increased combat effectiveness and new capabilities, potentially requiring high power pulse duty cycles. However as Energy Storage System (ESS) pulse power discharge rates (> 40 C rate) increase, there is a significantly lower ESS lifetimes. Results of high power pulse duty cycles on lithium iron phosphate cell lifetime performance show a dramatic loss. For 2s and 3s, 120 A pulse tests, the observed degradation after 80 hours cycling is 22 % and 32 % respectively, significantly higher than previously reported values at lower discharge rates, but similar temperatures. A 7 year calendar aged cell was also tested with a 2s pulse and showed severe degradation (53% loss after 40 hours cycling). The decreased lifetime of the high pulse duty cycling aged cells is a result of the increased strain / heating at high currents, and subsequent SEI fracture, and thermally accelerated SEI formation. This mechanism leads to
Thampan, TonyDing, YiToomey, Laurence
ABSTRACT In any active safety system, it is desired to measure the “performance”. For the estimation case, generally a cost function like Mean-Square Error is used. For detection cases, the combination of Probability of Detection and Probability of False Alarm is used. Scenarios that would really expose performance measurement involve complex, dangerous and costly driving situations and are hard to recreate while having a low probability of actually being acquired . Using a virtual tool, we can produce the trials necessary to adequately determine the performance of active safety algorithms and systems. In this paper, we will outline the problem of measuring the performance of active safety algorithms or systems. We will then discuss the approach of using complex scenario design and Monte Carlo techniques to determine performance. We then follow with a brief discussion of Prescan and how it can help in this endeavor. Finally, two Monte Carlo type examples for particular active safety
Gioutsos, TonyBlackburn, Jeff
ABSTRACT Increased fuel efficiency in military vehicles today results in two primary positive impacts to operational conditions. The first is the reduction in cost; both as a result of reduced fuel consumed and also in the costs saved due to the reduction in logistics required to transport fuel to the Warfighter in the field. The second and more important positive impact is the reduced risk of casualties to the Warfighter by reducing the frequency of fuel related logistical support required in the field. This paper first provides an overview of the development of the Fuel Efficient Demonstrator (FED) Bravo vehicle from initial conceptual efforts through to final operational shake-out and performance testing. A review the development process from CAD modeling through to fabrication and testing will be discussed. This discussion will also focus on the unique methods and ideas used to address the particular challenges encountered in developing a demonstrator vehicle. The paper concludes
Card, BrandonTodd, StevenBuchholz, William
ABSTRACT An important aspect of any new ground vehicle acquisition program is an analytic understanding of the key performance, cost, risk and growth tradeoffs inherent with the system design. The Whole System Trades Analysis Tool (WSTAT) provides a holistic framework for modeling and understanding these tradeoffs. In this paper, we present the overarching WSTAT methodology and then consider a specific implementation for the Army’s Squad Multipurpose Equipment Transport (SMET) autonomous ground vehicle. Emerging results regarding high-level SMET design considerations are provided to demonstrate the types of decision support enabled by the WSTAT capability
Henry, Stephen M.Waddell, Lucas A.DiNunzio, Michael R.
ABSTRACT Tracks and wheels are some of the top constituents of ground vehicle mobility and sustainment cost. Even small improvements in performance parameters and support strategies can go a long way. Analyzing equipment sustainment models can help identify these opportunities in conjunction with maintaining a situational awareness of R&D activities. Specifically, understanding component failure analysis, characterizing production road wheel material properties, conducting component testing, and benchmarking diverse manufacturing capabilities provides a roadmap to establishing and identifying “Best in Class” road wheel materials. Establishing and executing an R&D compounding plan to deliver 5X-10X durability improvement is hypothesized. Leveraging the Defense Mobility Enterprise (DME) and its authority under the 10 USC 2370 Section 845 Ground Vehicle Systems Other Transaction Agreement will allow the government to rapidly determine the technical feasibility of realizing such colossal
Patria, Garett S.Rescoe, StuBradford, WilliamMynderse, James A.
ABSTRACT Flow fields in bipolar plates of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells distribute fuel and oxidant over the reactive sites of the membrane electrode assembly. Bipolar plates are typically graphite with parallel or serpentine channels as flow fields. Drawbacks of graphite include weight, fabrication inaccuracy, cost, porosity, and brittleness. In this paper, open-cell metal foam is experimentally investigated as a flow field for a new bipolar plate design. Using experiments, the performance of the conventional bipolar plate/flow field was directly compared to that of the metal-foam designs at the same operational conditions. Results show that the cell current, voltage and power density were improved and temperature and pressure distribution on the membrane were even. As importantly, the conversion efficiency was higher for the metal-foam design, and the weight was reduced significantly. Citation: Nihad Dukhan, PhD, Yussef Awin, “Novel Metal-Foam Flow Fields for PEM Fuel Cells
Dukhan, NihadAwin, Yussef
The fixed-wing VTOL is a new type of aircraft that combines the advantages of multi-rotor and fixed-wing aircraft. Enable freely taking off and landing, while maintaining high flight speeds during cruising. However, higher requirements for the powertrain system have emerged. The powertrain needs to adapt to the layout of distributed propulsion devices while also ensuring sufficient endurance. Both the full-electric powertrain and traditional fuel-based powertrain are unable to meet this demand, making the hybrid-electric powertrain one of the most feasible solutions currently available. A 10kW level hybrid-electric powertrain system was designed for a fixed-wing VTOL aircraft. The power generation performance tests are conducted to analyze the coupling working characteristics of the engine and generator. The performance of the hybrid configuration and the full-electric configuration in terms of power-to-weight ratio, energy-to-weight ratio, and endurance are compared. The results
Yanan, LiLi, HaiwangXie, GangSun, Mohan
ABSTRACT An experimental testing program has been developed that looks to optimize the battery recharging algorithms to improve battery lifetime and state of charge knowledge. The first phase of the testing targeted lead acid battery performance characterization as a function of controlled environmental temperatures. Subsequent testing includes performance testing under alternator recharging using default and proposed charging algorithms. A new experimental apparatus has been developed to integrate battery testing with alternator charging to simulate in-vehicle operations under controlled environmental conditions. Results are presented for the baseline performance testing, a model is presented for the characterization of battery parameters and a description of the test apparatus and approach employed for the integrated alternator testing is included
Jones, StanleyMendoza, JohnWang, DanielDing, YiZanardelli, Sonya
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss a hybrid approach for antenna placement optimization on tactical vehicles. Tactical vehicles tend to have collocated antennas that operate in adjacent frequency bands. It may be required that two antennas operate simultaneously to satisfy a wide range of voice and data capabilities. The current process to optimize the location of antennas on platforms involves longer test times, complicated logistics, high costs, and is usually performed in an uncontrolled environment. In order to optimize the placement location and minimize the cosite interference between these antennas with consideration to the top deck obstructions, it is advantageous to use a hybrid method. The hybrid method presented here is the combination of Electromagnetic (EM) Modeling and Simulation (M&S) and Laboratory Hardware in the Loop (HWIL) testing. This paper presents the benefits of using this hybrid method in the areas of test time reduction, lessening costs, easing logistics, and
Ortiz Palou, Erick E.Garner, Timothy J.Palafox, George
The American Petroleum Institute’s (API) Single Technology Matrix (STM) is a data-based, Virtual Testing process and protocol (utilizes test data, characteristics and features of base stocks and blends coupled with statistical methods and analysis) used to predict the performance capability of a specific engine oil additive technology in a single specified base oil, in a given engine test. The concept was first introduced in 2002, codified and implemented by API in 2007, and updated in 2022. The previously published advantages of STM in the proof-of-performance of engine oils, remain relevant. These advantages include a data space focused on interpolation, documented statistical analysis protocol, limitation to a specific formulation, flexibility in understanding complicated, interactive, or non-linear technology and base oil relationships, and timeliness. There have been numerous changes to, and in, the engine oil industry since the introduction of STM in 2007. These include advances
Zielinski, ChristineScinto, PhilipChen, MinGibbons, GreerBaker, Charles
Transit agencies around the world have been investing in more battery electric buses (BEB) in an effort to combat the growing negative externalities stemming from the use of petrochemicals in combustion transit vehicles. These buses use new propulsion systems based primarily on lithium-ion batteries to cut carbon pollution and promote cleaner, faster, and safer rides. As new electrification technologies continue to penetrate the bus transit market, there is a continuous need to evaluate the safety and performance of these battery electric systems. To meet the safety and performance needs of technologies in transit buses, regulations and standards have been established to define best testing and industry practices. This paper details the current state of battery standards and regulations in automotive and transit vehicles, with consideration of battery failure modes and effects. Various governments and standard organizations have established numerous different regulations and standards
Jankord, GregoryGravante, EmanueleD'Arpino, Matilde
Seeds from various fruits are not utilized properly and thrown into the ground. These can be utilized by extracting oil from them for the use of fuel to compression ignition engines. Also, the vegetables cut waste and fruits waste are also not utilized and disposed as garbage. These wastes can be converted into biobutanol and can be used as fuel for compression ignition engines. This study is to replace diesel fuel by blending biobutanol with castor oil, amla seed oil, and jamun seed oil without and with modification of engine operating parameters. The steps of this study are: preparation of various proportions of biobutanol and castor oil (from 0 to 5% in increments of 1%), amla seed oil (0–100% in increments of 5%), and jamun seed oil (0–100% in increments of 5%) and the essential properties are tested. By the comparison of properties of the blends with diesel fuel, suitable blends are chosen from the prepared blends (one blend from each seed oil and biobutanol). The chosen blends
Prabakaran, B.Yasin, Mohd Hafizil Mat
The primary objective of this article is to study the improvement of machining efficiency of EN-31 steel by optimizing turning parameters using newly developed cutting fluids with different proportions of aloe vera gel and coconut oil, utilizing the Taguchi technique. Furthermore, performance metrics including material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness, and tool wear rate (TWR) were assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggested that as cutting speed and feed increase, the MRR is positively influenced, but likewise tool wear is intensified. The surface roughness exhibited a positive correlation with cutting speed, and a negative correlation with increasing both cutting speed and feed. It was found that the maximum MRR value was attained at a cutting speed of 275 m/min, a feed rate of 1.00 mm/rev, and a cutting fluid composition of 30% aloe vera and 70% coconut oil. For the best surface smoothness, it is advisable to adjust the cutting speed to 350 m/min and the feed rate to 0.075
Premkumar, R.Ramesh Babu, R.Saiyathibrahim, A.Murali Krishnan, R.Vivek, R.Jatti, Vijaykumar S.Rane, Vivek S.Balaji, K.
This document defines performance standards which mechanical fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This document defines performance standards which fiber optic cable splices must meet to be accepted for use in aerospace platforms and environments
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method of conducting an endurance test using contaminated air when the applicable specification requires non-recirculation of the contaminants. The objective of the test is to determine the resistance of the engine mounted components to wear or damage caused by the contaminated air. The method described herein calls for non-recirculation of the contaminants and is intended to provide a uniform distribution of the contaminant at the inlet to the Unit Under Test (UUT). The UUT may require the use of a hydraulic fluid for actuation of components within the test unit. Contamination of the test hydraulic fluid is not part of this recommended practice. If contaminated hydraulic fluid is required by the applicable test specification, refer to MAP749
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine-driven cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information is used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption is used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected. The performance at a given air density and speed also depends on the volumetric flow rate, or the pressure rise across the fan, since these two
Cooling Systems Standards Committee
This SAE Standard specifies brake system performance and test criteria to enable uniform evaluation of the braking capability of self-propelled, rubber-tired and tracked asphalt pavers. Service, secondary, and parking brakes are included
OPTC2, Braking
The winged body reusable launch vehicle needs to be tested and evaluated for its functionality during the pre-flight preparation at the runway. The ground based checkout systems for the avionics and the actuator performance testing during pre-flight evaluation are not designed for rapid movement. This new kind of launch vehicle with solid rocket first-stage and winged body upper-stage demands the system testing at Launchpad and at the runway. The safety protocol forbids the permanent structure for hosting the checkout system near runway. The alternative is to develop a rapidly deployable and removable checkout system. A design methodology adopting conventional industrial instrumentation systems and maintaining mobility is presented. This paper presents the design and development of a mobile checkout system for supporting the ground pre-flight testing during autonomous flight landing trials
V, Vivekanand
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes methods to determine grade parking performance with respect to: a Ability of the parking brake system to lock the braked wheels. b The trailer holding or sliding on the grade, fully loaded, or unloaded. c Applied manual effort. d Unburnished or burnished brake lining friction conditions. e Down and upgrade directions
Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee
FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location. Over 900 tests covering the various test conditions
Rains, Corinn
The existing FCEV have been developed with only a few vehicle models. With the diversification of both passenger and commercial FCEV lineups, as well as the increasing demand for vehicle trailer towing, there is a growing need for high-capacity fuel cell stacks to be applied in vehicles. However, at the current level, there are limitations and issues that arise, such as insufficient power output and reduced driving speed. As a results, the importance of thermal energy management has been increasing along with the increase in required power. Traditional cooling performance enhancement methods have mainly focused on developing increased hardware specifications, but even this approach has reached its limitation due to package, cost and weight problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new cooling system to solve the increases in heat dissipation. This study aims to develop an evaporative cooling system using water as a by-product of the stacks, and to identify the effects of
PARK, Ui JoonKwon, Soon BeomChoi, Kyung JunLee, Gil WooOh, Dong Seok
This SAE Information Report relates to a special class of automotive adaptive equipment which consists of modifications to the power steering system provided as original equipment on personally licensed vehicles. These modifications are generically called “modified effort steering” or “reduced effort power steering.” The purpose of the modification is to alter the amount of driver effort required to steer the vehicle. Retention of reliability, ease of use for physically disabled drivers and maintainability are of primary concern. As an Information Report, the numerical values for performance measurements presented in this report and in the test procedure in the appendices, while based upon the best knowledge available at the time, have not been validated
Adaptive Devices Standards Committee
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy supply device. Its improvement on output performance has always been a main subject. Microporous layer (MPL) is the water management center of PEMFC, which has an important influence on the mass transfer process and performance of PEMFC under high current density. In this paper, the performance of GDL based on Toray-H-060 with different carbon powder and C:PTFE of MPL were tested and optimized. SEM and static contact Angle was used to investigate Characterization of GDLs. The polarization curve was used to select the best performance, and EIS was used to explore the internal optimization mechanism. The output performance increases with humidity from 25%RH to 75%RH for all four samples. The MPL sample formulated with C: PTFE = 8:2 and XC-72 powder is the best under wide humidity region, and the best performance is achieved at 75%RH. The maximum power density reaches 0.949W/cm2 at 1.8A/cm2. At 100%RH, because of dense
Lou, MingyuLin, RuiChen, Liang
Using ammonia as a fuel has been experimented since the nineteenth century in different types of ground and air vehicles but it was never able to replace fossil- based hydrocarbon fuels at scale. Nevertheless, this concept has gained a new momentum following recent policies to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in fuel intensive sectors such as power generation and transportation. Following the strategy of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to reduce the carbon intensity from international shipping by at least 50 percent by 2050, the implementation of zero-carbon fuels on a tank to wake basis, such as ammonia, is being strongly considered by the maritime ecosystem. Additionally, initiatives from other industries have emerged recently, demonstrating a broader interest in ammonia fuel for sustainable operations such as heavy duty and off-road applications. Whereas its toxicity and handling protocols fuel numerous discussions and working groups, ammonia reactivity
Obrecht, NicolasGriffaton, BrunoRappo, Maria
This document was developed to provide a method of obtaining repeatable measurements that accurately reflects the performance of a propulsion electric drive subsystem, whose output is used in an electrified vehicle regardless of complexity or number of energy sources. The purpose is to provide a familiar and easy-to-understand performance rating. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the document, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the typical in-service performance and characteristics and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of operating parameters or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test shall not be considered valid results in the scope of this document
Hybrid - EV Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice provides minimum performance requirements and uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue testing of disc wheels, demountable rims, and bolt-together divided wheels intended for normal highway use on military trucks, buses, truck-trailers, and multipurpose vehicles. Users may establish design criteria exceeding the minimum performance requirement for added confidence in a design. For other (non-military) wheels and rims intended for normal highway use on trucks and buses, refer to SAE J267. For wheels intended for normal highway and temporary use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J328. For wheels used on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. This document does not cover off-highway or other special application wheels and rims
Truck and Bus Wheel Committee
With the sustainable development of the social economy and the continuous maturity of science and technology, urban rail transit has developed rapidly. It solved the problems of urban road load and people’s travel and brought about the problem of rail transit passenger congestion. The image detection algorithm for rail transit congestion is established based on the convolutional neural networks (CNN) structure to realize intelligent video image monitoring. The CNN structure is optimized through the backpropagation (BP) algorithm so that the model can detect and analyze the riding environment through the monitoring camera and extract the relevant motion characteristics of passengers from the image. Furthermore, the crowding situation of the riding environment is analyzed to warn the rail transit operators. In practical application, the detection accuracy of the algorithm reached 91.73%, and the image processing speed met the second-level processing. In the performance test, the proposed
Lin, XinWu, Shuang
The scope of this SAE Standard is the definition of the functional, environmental, and life cycle test requirements for electrically operated backup alarm devices primarily intended for use on off-road, self-propelled work machines as defined by SAE J1116 (limited to categories of (1) construction, and (2) general purpose industrial
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
This AS defines instruments which use inputs of static and pitot pressure equal to those which are utilized to establish the pressure altitude and speed of that aircraft. These pressures are applied to the instrument ports to provide means for generation of an aural warning whenever the aircraft reaches or exceeds the maximum operating limit speed. This Over Speed Warning Instrument function may be incorporated as part of an Air Data Computer, or an Air Speed Indicator, or an Air Speed/Mach Number Indicator, or other instruments. In those cases where the Over Speed Warning Instrument is part of another instrument, the standards contained herein apply only to the Over Speed Warning Instrument function. Each aircraft type and model has a defined maximum operating limit speed curve or curves which are a part of the airframe manufacturer's type certification approval data; this limit speed data shall be available from the subject airframe manufacturer as published in the operating manual
A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee
This AS covers Vertical Velocity Instruments which display the rate of change of pressure altitude of an aircraft, as follows: Type A - Direct reading, self-contained, pressure actuated Type B - Electrically or electronically operated, self-contained, pressure actuated Type C - Electrically or electronically operated, input from a remote pressure sensor
A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee
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