Browse Topic: Identification

Items (11,811)
To meet light-weighting and safety target of automotive vehicles, different Aluminium alloys are used in various body parts. Apart from conventional manufacturing process of gravity die casting (GDC), advanced manufacturing process such as low pressure die casting (LPDC), high pressure die casting (HPDC) and extrusion processes are also used to form complex automotive body parts. Steel parts are majorly used in automotive applications across world. However, steel has limitations with respect to light-weighting. To achieve light-weighting, now a days, there is trend to use these complex Aluminium parts in automotive industry to replace steel and integrate multiple parts into a single one. Aluminium has emerged as great potential for light-weighting and reducing complexity of handling multiple parts at an automotive plant. There is a challenge to identify suitable etchant for microstructural characterization of Aluminium alloy parts that can be made through various manufacturing
Deshmukh, MansiJain, VikasMisal, SwapnaliPaliwal, Lokesh
ABSTRACT Acquisition programs typically develop a set of system requirements early in their lifecycle, which then become the standard against which future designs are evaluated. It is critical that these requirements be set at appropriate levels. Requirement sets that are not simultaneously achievable are a relatively common problem in military acquisition programs and often are not recognized until significant investment has already been made – sometimes even leading to program cancellation. The Advanced Requirements Integration & Exploration System (ARIES) is designed to aid program stakeholders in understanding the requirements trade space for a system and facilitate the identification of an achievable set of requirements. This paper presents the ARIES methodology, describes the analytic capability, and discusses its application. Citation: A.I. Dessanti, D.J. Anderson, S.M. Henry, A.J. Pierson, R.S. Agusti, M.A. Zabat, “Advanced Requirements Integration & Exploration System (ARIES
Dessanti, Alexander I.Anderson, Dennis J.Henry, Stephen M.Pierson, Adam J.Agusti, Rachel S.Zabat, Michael A.
ABSTRACT This paper will document the development of the Combat Identification (CombatID) System. The CombatID System was designed to create a platform agnostic payload that could be attached to any fielded Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) to assist the Soldier in contingency basing operations. This paper will describe the approach taken to develop the system, providing a detailed description of the system, including sample results for individual modules. This paper will also provide insight on the evaluation of CombatID system’s performance
Salgian, GarbisKira, ZsoltHadsell, RaiaChiu, Han-PangZhou, XunChai, Bing-BingSamarasekera, SupunTheisen, BernardRamsey, Jeffery
ABSTRACT Building battery packs for various, significantly different applications, is often complex and risky. Detailed cell and pack modeling and simulation tools, along with existing and predicted power and energy profiles significantly reduce the risk of designing and integrating a new pack for new applications on the battlefield. This paper will discuss a number of modeling and simulation techniques, using case studies as examples, that ensure a battery pack, when integrated to the application, will meet the predicted performance goals and specifications. Actual data will also be shown to validate these techniques that significantly reduce development time and risk when providing power to the Warfighter
Carmen, DavidMarcel, MichaelAlexander, Les
RADAR antennae come in varying sizes and shapes. They are often employed in heterogeneous systems (i.e., systems that use multiple detection methods) that are employed to detect and visualize objects. Object identification in the context of automated vehicle behavior design could require extensive data sets to train algorithms that have the potential to make dynamic driving decisions. A widely available platform would increase the ability of researchers learn about automated systems and to gather data, which may be necessary for training automated vehicle systems. This work describes the application of a 77 GHz, portable antenna to the description of standard fleet vehicles as well as a suite of soft targets contextualized within polar plots. This work shows that object detection and identification is possible in off-the-shelf portable systems that combine readily available materials and software in a reproducible manner. The described system and algorithm create a visual correlate
Chen, AaronHartman, EthanLin, VincentManahan, TaylorSidhu, AnmolEichaker, Lauren
Mode identification, particularly Modal Map Generation, is pivotal within the NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) domain for managing the performance of complex systems like TBIW/Powertrain. This study addresses the critical task of accurately identifying Global / Local behavior of a particular system as single entity (Complete TBIW, Power train) or all the systems attached to main structure (Sub Systems i.e Seat , Fuel Tank , Pump etc), which is crucial for effective NVH post-processing. Introducing a novel tool/methodology developed by the Applus IDIADA team, this paper presents an efficient approach to Global & Local mode identification across subsystems, TBIW, and Powertrain levels. Leveraging ".op2" file content, mainly Strain Energy Density[1] and Displacement [2], the tool integrates Machine Learning Techniques [3] to produce mode predictions along with detailed visual outputs such as graphs , pie chart , modal charts etc. Implemented as a Python-based solution compatible with
Naphad, AniruddhaLama Borrajo, InesPatil Sr, HitendraChandratre, SudipRana, Upendra
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This document specifically pertains to cybersecurity for road vehicles. This document encompasses the entire vehicle lifecycle of key management. It has been developed by SAE Committee TEVEES18F, Vehicle Security Credentials Interoperability (VSCI), a subcommittee of SAE Committee TEVEES18A, Vehicle Cybersecurity Systems Engineering Committee. This committee is authorized under the scope and authority fo the SAE Electronic Design Automation Steering Committee (also known as the Electronic Systems Group) that is directly under the scope and authority fo the SAE Motor Vehicle Council. The SAE Motor Vehicle Council’s stated scope of influence and authority, as defined by the SAE includes, passenger car and light truck in conjunction with ISO/SAE 21434
Vehicle Electrical System Security Committee
This recommended practice describes general characteristics of VIN systems. It includes certain specific requirements, supporting definitions, basic content, and examples
VIN - WMI Technical Committee
This specification establishes the design, performance, and test requirements for hydraulic quantity measuring fuses intended to be used for hydraulic circuit protection
A-6C5 Components Committee
This document establishes the requirements for the sequencing of processes relating to parts fabricated from 300M or 4340 modified steel heat treated to, or to be heat treated to, 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and higher
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of wire supplied as coils, spools, or cut lengths (see 8.2
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Though modal analysis is a common tool to evaluate the dynamic properties of a structure, there are still many individual decisions to be made during the process which are often based on experience and make it difficult for occasional users to gain reliable and correct results. One of those experience-based choices is the correct number and placement of reference points. This decision is especially important, because it must be made right in the beginning of the process and a wrong choice is only noticeable by chance in the very end of the process. Picking the wrong reference points could result in incomplete modal analysis outcomes, as it might make certain modes undetectable, compounded by the user's lack of awareness about these missing modes. In the paper an innovative approach will be presented to choose the minimal number of mandatory reference points and their placement. While other approaches use results of numerical simulations or rely on a visual evaluation of measurement
Kamper, TimBeljan, DenisBrücher, HaikoWegerhoff, Matthias
Dynamic substructuring enables the dynamic behavior analysis of intricate systems. In this context, the precise description of individual subsystem interfaces is crucial. Coupling components through virtual points is suitable, especially when it comes to experimental substructuring. The complex contact situations that arise from joint descriptions in thin-walled structures, like those found in vehicle seats, present a challenging task. This investigation aims to visualize the complex coupling of thin-walled structures by applying the virtual point transformation. Individual subsystems are analyzed through experiments and coupled using the Lagrange multiplier frequency-based substructuring to achieve this goal. For validation purposes, a completely assembled vehicle seat has been investigated. Identification of the connecting elements between the substructures is achieved using decoupling techniques. As a result, the stiffness of the sleeve can be determined through various approaches
Wagner, PhilippLanger, PatrickMäder, MarcusMarburg, Steffen
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method and apparatus to multiplex Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signals efficiently. The resulting Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) system enhances distribution of the RFID reader signal, providing improved coverage for large areas as well as for small, fixed regions requiring a high density of reader antennas. This greater coverage translates into better RFID sensing capabilities, higher localization accuracy, and enhanced logistics awareness
The paper presents a theoretical framework for the detection and first-level preliminary identification of potential defects on aero-structure components by employing ultrasonic-guided wave-based structural health monitoring strategies, systems and tools. In particular, we focus our study on ground inspection using a laser-Doppler scan of the surface velocity field, which can also be partly reconstructed or monitored using point sensors and actuators structurally integrated. Using direct wavefield data, we first question the detectability of potential defects of unknown location, size, and detailed features. Defects could be manufacturing defects or variations, which may be acceptable from a design and qualification standpoint; however, those may cause significant background signal artefacts in differentiating structure progressive damage or sudden failure like impact-induced damage and fracture. We consider the surface velocity field over continuous time stamps obtained from laser
Kolappan Geetha, GaneshRavi, Nitin. BRoy Mahapatra, Debiprosad
This specification covers procedures for identifying wrought products of titanium and titanium alloys
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
This specification covers procedures for identifying carbon and low-alloy steels, corrosion- and heat-resistant steels and alloys, maraging and other highly alloyed steels, and iron alloy sheet, strip, and plate, and aircraft tubing
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Northwestern University researchers have developed new devices based on a low-cost material to aid in the detection and identification of radioactive isotopes. Using cesium lead bromide in the form of perovskite crystals, the research team found that they were able to create highly efficient detectors in both small, portable devices for field researchers and in very large detectors. The results are more than a decade in the making
Verification and validation (V&V) of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a challenging task. AVs must be thoroughly tested, to ensure their safe functionality in complex traffic situations including rare but safety-relevant events. Furthermore, AVs must mitigate risks and hazards that result from functional insufficiencies, as described in the Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) standard. SOTIF analysis includes iterative identification of driving scenarios that are not only unsafe, but also unknown. However, identifying SOTIF’s unknown-unsafe scenarios is an open challenge. In this paper we proposed a systematic optimization-based approach for identification of unknown-unsafe scenarios. The proposed approach consists of three main steps including data collection, feature extraction and optimization towards unknown unsafe scenarios. In the data collection step, we proposed an efficient way of data collection by focusing on key areas of the Operational Design Domain (ODD) (e.g
Singh, Tajindervan Hassel, EdwinSheorey, AkshayAlirezaei, Mohsen
As a key technology of intelligent transportation system, vehicle type recognition plays an important role in ensuring traffic safety,optimizing traffic management and improving traffic efficiency, which provides strong support for the development of modern society and the intelligent construction of traffic system. Aiming at the problems of large number of parameters, low detection efficiency and poor real-time performance in existing vehicle type recognition algorithms, this paper proposes an improved vehicle type recognition algorithm based on YOLOv5. Firstly, the lightweight network model MobileNet-V3 is used to replace the backbone feature extraction network CSPDarknet53 of the YOLOv5 model. The parameter quantity and computational complexity of the model are greatly reduced by replacing the standard convolution with the depthwise separable convolution, and enabled the model to maintain higher accuracy while having faster reasoning speed. Secondly, the attention mechanism in
Liu, XinHong
In the field of autonomous driving trajectory planning, it’s virtual to ensure real-time planning while guaranteeing feasibility and robustness. Current widely adopted approaches include decoupling path planning and velocity planning based on optimization method, which can’t always yield optimal solutions, especially in complex dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, search-based and sampling-based solutions encounter limitations due to their low resolution and high computational costs. This paper presents a novel spatio-temporal trajectory planning approach that integrates both search-based planning and optimization-based planning method. This approach retains the advantages of search-based method, allowing for the identification of a global optimal solution through search. To address the challenge posed by the non-convex nature of the original solution space, we introduce a spatio-temporal semantic corridor structure, which constructs a convex feasible set for the problem. Trajectory
Zhong, LiangLu, ChanggangWu, Jian
As a key tool to maintain urban cleanliness and improve the road environment, road cleaning vehicles play an important role in improving the quality of life of residents. However, the traditional road cleaning vehicle requires the driver to monitor the situation of road garbage at all times and manually operate the cleaning process, resulting in an increase in the driver 's work intensity. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a road garbage recognition algorithm based on improved YOLOv5, which aims to reduce labor consumption and improve the efficiency of road cleaning. Firstly, the lightweight network MobileNet-V3 is used to replace the backbone feature extraction network of the YOLOv5 model. The number of parameters and computational complexity of the model are greatly reduced by replacing the standard convolution with the deep separable convolution, which enabled the model to have faster reasoning speed while maintaining higher accuracy. Secondly, the attention mechanism in
Liu, XinHongWen, ZihaoKang, KaileiLiu, Xingchen
This paper delves into the investigation of flatness-based active damping control for hybrid vehicle transmissions. The main objective is to improve the current in-production controller performances without the need for additional sensors or observers. The primary goals include improving torque setpoint tracking, enhancing robustness margins, and ensuring zero steady-state torque correction. The investigation proceeds in several steps: Initially, both the general differential flatness property and the identification of flat outputs in linear dynamical systems are revisited. Subsequently, the bond graph formalism is employed to deduce straightforwardly the dynamical equations of the system. Next, a new flat output of the vehicle transmission is identified and utilized to formulate the trajectory tracking controller to align with the required control objectives and to fulfill the system constraints. Lastly, the efficacy of the novel control system is evaluated through simulation, and its
Achir, AliPatel, NadirshDivet, Vincent
Water content estimation is a key problem for studying the PEM fuel cell. When several hundred fuel cells are connected in serial and their active surface area is enlarged for sufficient power, the difference between cells becomes significant with respect to voltage and water content. The voltage of each cell is measurable by the cell voltage monitor (CVM) while it is difficult to estimate water content of the individual. Resistance of the polymer electrolyte membrane is monotonically related to its water content, so that the new online high frequency resistance (HFR) measurement technique is investigated to identify the uniformity of water content between cells and analyze its sensitivity to operating conditions in this paper. Firstly, the accuracy of the proposed technique is experimentally validated to be comparable to that of a commercialized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement equipment. Secondly, the HFR of each cell of a 164-cell and 270 cm2 stack is
Hong, PoMing, PingwenZhang, Cunman
This SAE Recommended Practice has been established to provide direction for the design and installation of an identification number (IN) as assigned to vehicle engines, transmissions, and transaxles. The IN is used for tracking or traceability of these components. In adhering to these recommended practices, facility of application in factory production and appearance quality are matters for manufacturer control. Reference SAE J853
VIN - WMI Technical Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes procedure for the issuance and assignment of a World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI) on a uniform basis to vehicle manufacturers who may desire to incorporate it in their Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN). This recommended practice is intended to be used in conjunction with the recommendations for VIN systems described in SAE J853, J187, J272, and other SAE reports for VIN systems. These procedures were developed to assist in identifying the vehicle as to its point of origin. It was felt that review and coordination of the WMI by a single organization would avoid duplication of manufacturer identifiers and assist in the identification of vehicles by agencies such as those concerned with motor vehicle titling and registration, law enforcement, and theft recovery
VIN - WMI Technical Committee
This specification provides requirements for the identification and packaging of sheet, strip, extrusions, and molded parts made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, reclaimed rubber, and combinations of the above with other materials such as asbestos, cork, and fabrics. AMS2817 covers preferred requirements for identification and packaging of preformed packings
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
This information report presents recommendations on part number marking which provides for the maximum identification on bolts and nuts while ensuring adequate readability
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
In the context of distributed-driven electric vehicles, the temperature of permanent magnet in-wheel motors tends to rise during prolonged and overload operating conditions. This temperature increase can lead to parameter drift in the motors, resulting in a decline in motor control performance, and in severe cases, motor failures. To address these issues, this paper establishes a motor parameter identification model based on the dq-axis stator current equation of the permanent magnet in-wheel motor. An improved Particle Swarm Optimization PSO algorithm is introduced to identify parameters such as motor resistance, inductance, and magnetic flux. In contrast to traditional parameter identification algorithms based on mathematical models, the improved PSO algorithm can simultaneously identify multiple parameters without encountering rank deficiency issues. Moreover, to overcome the slow convergence speed and low identification accuracy associated with traditional PSO algorithms, the
Bu, LingshanHu, YimingZhang, Zhiwen
Global auto supplier Schaeffler Group has a message for the EV motor market: the company is capable of building custom solutions for many different EV drivelines and use cases. And it is forthright in saying that not all mobility applications need cutting-edge technology to be effective. While some e-motor manufacturers have gone to market with a limited number of models - usually employing similar architecture but different levels of output - from which customers can select, Schaeffler insists it will consider building any motor spec brought to it. Daniel Sayre, e-motor business unit director, said the company is dedicated to adapting and working with customers to develop the best solutions for their vehicles
Clonts, Chris
Since the complexity of modern vehicles is increasing continuously, car manufacturers are forced to improve the efficiency of their development process to remain profitable. A frequently mentioned measure is the consequent integration of virtual methods. In this regard, objective evaluation criteria are essential for the virtual design of driving dynamics. Therefore, this article aims to identify robust objective evaluation criteria for the nonlinear combined longitudinal and lateral dynamics of a vehicle. The article focuses on the acceleration in a turn maneuver since available objective criteria do not consider all relevant characteristics of vehicle dynamics. For the identification of the objective criteria, a generic method is developed and applied. First, an open-loop test procedure and a set of potential robust objective criteria are defined. Subsequently, suitable criteria are selected for different vehicle dynamics characteristics based on an investigation of Pearson
Raabe, JustusFontana, FabianNeubeck, JensWagner, Andreas
Product traceability is an increasingly dominant concern in healthcare, partly due to regulations like the FDA’s Unique Device Identification (UDI) Rule for medical devices and the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) for pharmaceutical products. Widespread disruptions since 2020 have also exposed critical supply-chain vulnerabilities caused, in part, by a lack of visibility — with negative consequences reaching all the way to the point of care, further underlining the need for change
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a quarter-wavelength RFID slot antenna that provides polarization diversity and employs dual resonances, but in a form factor that is much smaller than other RFID antennas that provide similar functionality
A method developed at NASA Johnson Space Center uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) interrogators for use with wearable active RFID sensor tags that can operate on ultra-low power. The technique uses a store-and-forward approach to manage the collection of data from RFID active tags even when they are not in range of an individual interrogator, as they move from the coverage area of one interrogator to the next. This allows the use of RFID active tags to transport sensor data in a highly complex environment where instantaneous access to an RFID interrogator cannot be guaranteed. Using this technique, an RFID active tag battery operational lifetime can be extended
Schreiner MediPharm, a Germany-based provider of innovative functional label solutions for the healthcare industry, has partnered with SCHOTT Pharma, a specialist in drug-containment and -delivery solutions for medications, to develop a solution to equip prefilled syringes with RFID. Among other applications, the combination syringe and smart label opens broad opportunities to optimize hospital routines
This AS covers subsonic and supersonic Mach meter instruments which, when connected to sources of static (Ps), and total (Pt), or impact (Pt-Ps), pressure provide indication of Mach number. These instruments are known as Type A. This AS also covers servo-operated repeater or digital display instruments which indicate Mach number when connected to the appropriate electrical output of a Mach transducer of Air Data Computer. These instruments are known as Type B
A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee
This specification covers a butyl (IIR) rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
This AS defines instruments which use inputs of static and pitot pressure equal to those which are utilized to establish the pressure altitude and speed of that aircraft. These pressures are applied to the instrument ports to provide means for generation of an aural warning whenever the aircraft reaches or exceeds the maximum operating limit speed. This Over Speed Warning Instrument function may be incorporated as part of an Air Data Computer, or an Air Speed Indicator, or an Air Speed/Mach Number Indicator, or other instruments. In those cases where the Over Speed Warning Instrument is part of another instrument, the standards contained herein apply only to the Over Speed Warning Instrument function. Each aircraft type and model has a defined maximum operating limit speed curve or curves which are a part of the airframe manufacturer's type certification approval data; this limit speed data shall be available from the subject airframe manufacturer as published in the operating manual
A-4ADWG Air Data Subcommittee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.006 to 3.000 inches (0.15 to 76.20 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) offers gland details for a 0.364 inch (9.246 mm) cross-section gland (nominal 3/8 inch) with proposed gland lengths for compression-type seals with two backup rings over a range of 7 to 21 inches (178 to 533 mm) in diameter. The dash number system used is similar to AS568A. A 600 series has been chosen as a logical extension of AS568A, and the 625 number has been selected for the initial number, since 300 and 400 series in MIL-G-5514 and AS4716 begin with 325 and 425 sizes. Seal configurations and design are not a part of this document. This gland is for use with compression-type seals including, but not limited to, O-rings, T-rings, D-rings, cap seals, etc
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
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