Browse Topic: People and personalities

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The global shift to electric vehicles (EVs) is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but their sustainability hinges on effective battery lifecycle management. This review examines the interplay between Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and circular economy (CE) principles in EVs, with a focus on both international trends and India-specific challenges. We analyze CE strategies such as extending battery lifespan, second-life applications, and recycling integrated with LCA to evaluate environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal. Key areas include battery chemistry, LCA methodologies, policy frameworks, and industrial practices, informed by a synthesis of over 50 peer-reviewed articles, technical papers, and sustainability reports. Challenges include inconsistent LCA baselines, low material recovery in informal recycling, and regulatory gaps, particularly in India. Despite these, innovations like solid-state batteries and advanced recycling techniques offer promise
Haregaonkar, Rushikesh SambhajiKumar, OmSankar M, GopiKumar, Rajiv
Today due to time to market requirements, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) prefers platform modularity for Product Development in Automotive Domain. Money and time being main constraint we need to focus on single platform which can give flavors of different category just by changing Ride height and Tyre and some extra tunable. Taking this as challenge still tyre development for new variant demands lot of time and iterations which can lead to delays in time to market. This study provides a virtual development process using driver in loop Simulator and Multi body dynamics simulation which are real time capable and integrating physical tire models. The proposed alteration introduces ride height changes, weight distribution changes, and center of gravity changes from existing vehicle design. The proposed new vehicle variant also introduces tire change from highway terrain type to all-terrain type as it was intended to deliver some off-roading capabilities, thereby vehicle dynamics
Shrivastava, ApoorvAsthana, Shivam
With advancements in model accuracy and computational power, system simulation is increasingly integrated into development tools as a “virtual test bed” alongside experimental testing. However, virtual vehicle and powertrain thermal models still face challenges, particularly in ensuring accuracy across systems developed by various internal and external sources. These models, often built using different software platforms, are difficult to validate consistently, especially when integrated in a Co-simulation environment. This integration can degrade the overall accuracy of the Vehicle Simulation Platform, reducing the return on investment in model development. To address these limitations, this paper proposes the use of machine learning-based feature importance techniques at the vehicle-level simulation stage. Feature importance helps identify the most influential variables affecting system outputs. By focusing calibration and validation efforts on these key variables, the approach aims
Srinivasan, RangarajanSarapalli Ramachandran, RaghuveeranAshok Bharde, PoojaSaravanan, Vivek
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the digital transformation of education using the example of a project to train engineering personnel for the innovative transport industry in Russia. Special attention is paid to the introduction of hybrid formats, digital platforms, inclusivity, issues of digital inequality, as well as the experience of the National Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE NAMI and interaction with leading universities in the country. A comparative analysis with foreign initiatives, including modern AI solutions for inclusive education, is presented, as well as the impact of the project to create educational and methodological centers on the professional motivation of teachers.
Shishanov, SergeiKurmaev, RinatRevenok, Svetlana
India has emerged as the world’s largest market for motorized two-wheelers (M2Ws) in 2024, reflecting their deep integration into the country’s transportation fabric. However, M2Ws are also a highly vulnerable road user category as according to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), the fatality share of M2W riders rose alarmingly from 27% in 2011 to 44% in 2022, underlining the urgency of understanding the circumstances that lead to such crashes. This study aims to investigate the pre-crash behavior and crash-phase characteristics of M2Ws using data from the Road Accident Sampling System – India (RASSI), the country’s only in-depth crash investigation database. The analysis covers 3,632 M2Ws involved in 3,307 crash samples from 2011 to 2022, representing approximately 5 million M2Ws nationally. Key variables examined include crash configuration, collision partner, road type, pre-event movement, travel speed, and human contributing factors. The study finds that straight
Govardhan, RohanPadmanaban, JeyaJethwa, Vaishnav
Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) have become a standard for enabling co-simulation and model exchange in vehicle development. However, traditional FMUs derived from physics-based models can be computationally intensive, especially in scenarios requiring real-time performance. This paper presents a Python-based approach for developing a Neural Network (NN) based FMU using deep learning techniques, aimed at accelerating vehicle simulation while ensuring high fidelity. The neural network was trained on vehicle simulation data and trained using Python frameworks such as TensorFlow. The trained model was then exported into FMU, enabling seamless integration with FMI-compliant platforms. The NN FMU replicates the thermal behavior of a vehicle with high accuracy while offering a significant reduction in computational load. Benchmark comparisons with a physical thermal model demonstrate that the proposed solution provides both efficiency and reliability across various driving conditions. The
Srinivasan, RangarajanAshok Bharde, PoojaMhetras, MayurChehire, Marc
Simulation-driven product development involves numerous computer aided engineering (CAE) model iterations, where each version represents a critical difference. Usually, these multiple model versions are generated by hundreds of simulation engineers working in teams distributed across the globe, making functional collaboration a key to effective product development. To manage vast amounts of CAE data generated by engineers working simultaneously on a project, it is imperative to have a robust version management system to track changes in the CAE data. A robust version management is the backbone of an effective simulation data management (SDM) system. It involves capturing and documenting model changes at every design iteration. Accurate documentation of the model changes is crucial as it helps in understanding the model evolution and collaboration among engineers. However, documenting is usually considered a boring and tedious task by many engineers. This often leads to bad change
Thiele, MarkoSharma, Harsh
Twist beam suspensions are widely utilised in passenger vehicles because of their simplicity and cost-efficiency, yet they provide engineers with a complex challenge as their performance depends entirely upon the structural properties of the beam itself. Traditional methodologies rely on the generation of Modal Neutral Files (MNF) based upon vehicle dynamics requirements and packaging constraints, which is a highly time-consuming process that starts failing to fulfil the demands of a market where development times are being exponentially reduced. Besides this, part of flexible body’s real behaviour might be lost in the process of converting multibody models into parametric ones, which, in turn, presents difficulties in modifying compliant-related items. Thanks to a novel approach followed jointly by Applus+ IDIADA & Mahindra, quick identification and optimisation of key tuneable items is achieved by employing a hybrid solution that combines full flexible and FE elements in Hexagon
Osorio, Alejandro GarcíaPrabhakara Rao, VageeshAsthana, ShivamRasal, Shraddhesh
Automotive systems are increasingly adopting data-driven and intelligent functionality in the areas of predictive maintenance, virtual sensors and diagnostics. This has led to a need for the AI models to be directly run on vehicle ECUs. However, most of these ECUs – especially those in cost-sensitive or legacy platforms lack the computational capacity and parallel processing support required for standard AI implementations. Given the stringent real-time and reliability requirements in automotive environments, deploying such models presents a unique challenge. This paper proposes a practical methodology to optimize both the training and deployment phases of AI models for low-computation ECUs that operate without parallelism. Designing lightweight model architectures, using pruning and quantization techniques to minimize resource utilization, and putting in place a strategy appropriate for single-threaded execution are the three main objectives of the developed approach. The goal is to
Sharma, SahilMathew, Melvin John
In recent years many automotive cybersecurity relevant regulations have been released and some have already started to come into effect. Moreover, some other regulations will come into effect in the next few years. These regulations provide requirements and guidance to automotive organizations with different degree of specifics. In this paper, we review a number of different cybersecurity relevant regulations such as UNR 155, UNR 156, AIS 189, AIS 190, GB 44495, GB 44496, EU Cyber Resilience Act, and BIS Final Rule. We break down and categorize these regulations based on their scope and highlight key areas relevant to different teams within the organizations. These key areas include Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS), Software Update Management System (SUMS), secure software development and software supply chain security, continuous cybersecurity activities (monitoring, incident response), and vulnerability disclosure and management. We then map responsibilities from the
Oka, Dennis KengoVadamalu, Raja Sangili
Engine noise mitigation is paramount in powertrain development for enhanced performance and occupant comfort. Identifying NVH problems at the prototype stage leads to costly and time-consuming redesigns and modifications, potentially delaying the product launch. NVH simulations facilitate identification of noise and vibration sources, informing design modifications prior to physical prototyping. Early detection and resolution of NVH problems through simulation can significantly shorten the overall development cycle and multiple physical prototypes and costly redesigns. During NVH simulations, predicting and optimizing valvetrain and timing drive noise necessitates transfer of bearing, valve spring, and contact forces to NVH simulation models. Traditional simulations, involved continuous force data export and NVH model evaluation for each design variant, pose efficiency challenges. In this paper, an approach for preliminary assessment of dB level reductions across design iterations is
Rai, AnkurDeshpande, Ajay MahadeoYadav, Rakesh
Real-world usage subjects two-wheelers to complex and varying dynamic loads, necessitating early-stage durability validation to ensure robust product development. Conducting a full life-cycle durability testing on proving grounds is time-consuming, extremely difficult for the riders involved, and costly, which is why accelerated testing using rigs such as the road simulator system have become a preferred approach. The use of road simulators necessitates, accurately measured inputs and precise simulation to ensure proper actuation of the rig, thereby enabling realistic representation of road undulations. This paper covers two important aspects essential for achieving an accurate and clear representation of road simulation in a 4-DOF road simulator, encompassing both longitudinal and vertical simulations at the front and rear of the vehicle. The first aspect involves the development of an instrumentation strategy for the two-wheeler, with careful identification of directionally sensitive
Ganju, ShubhamV, VijayamirtharajPrasad, SathishR S, Mahenthran
Growing global warming and the associated climate change have expedited the need for adoption of carbon-neutral technologies. The transportation sector accounts for ~ 25 % of total carbon emissions. Hydrogen (H2) is widely explored as an alternative for decarbonizing the transport sector. The application of H2 through PEM Fuel Cells is one of the available technologies for the trucking industry, due to their relatively higher efficiency (~50%) and power density. However, at present the cost of an FCEV truck is considerably higher than its diesel equivalent. Hence, new technologies either enabling cost reduction or efficiency improvement for FCEVs are imperative for their widespread adoption. FCEVs have a system efficiency around 40-60% implying that around half of the input energy is lost to the environment as waste heat. However, recapturing this significant amount of waste heat into useful work is a challenge. This paper discusses the feasibility of waste heat recovery (WHR
P V, Navaneeth
In the realm of automotive safety engineering, the demand for efficient and accurate crash simulations is ever-increasing. As finite element (FE) modeling of components becomes increasingly detailed and the availability of advanced material models improves, crash simulations for full vehicles can become time-consuming. Evaluating the crash performance of any vehicle subsystem requires structural simulations at different levels. While the design and configuration phase deals with a local simulation in representative load cases, full vehicle simulations are required later for a final digital proof of achieved requirements and development targets. This paper introduces a novel methodology for replacing full vehicle crash simulations, as required for a local view on the structural load path development, through segment-models. By adapting segment-model simulations, a significant reduction in computational time and resource usage is achieved, thereby optimizing CPU cluster performance and
Moncayo, DavidMalipatil, AnandPrasad, RakeshKunnath, Allwin
The BioMap system represents a groundbreaking approach to collaborative mapping for autonomous vehicles, drawing inspiration from ant colony behavior and swarm intelligence. It implements a fully decentralized protocol where vehicles use virtual pheromone trails to mark areas of uncertainty, change, or importance, enabling efficient map consensus without centralized coordination. Key innovations include novel pheromone-based compression algorithms and bio-inspired consensus mechanisms that allow real-time adaptation to dynamic environments. In a simulated urban scenario (Town10HD), three vehicles achieved balanced load distribution (±1.8% variance) and comprehensive coverage of a 253.2m × 217.9m × 22.4m area. The final fused map contained 311 chunks with 72,785 particles and required only 10.4 MB of storage. Approximately 49.2% of map particles exceeded the pheromone significance threshold, indicating active importance marking, while no high-uncertainty regions remained. These results
Bhargav, Anirudh SSubbarao, Chitrashree
The exponential growth of connected and autonomous vehicles has significantly escalated cybersecurity threats, compelling automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to adopt robust and structured Cybersecurity Incident Response (CSIR) capabilities. Current automotive cybersecurity regulations, such as AIS 189 in India and UNECE WP.29 globally, mandate precise frameworks for proactive threat detection, timely response, and comprehensive incident documentation. This research presents an innovative, comprehensive CSIR framework specifically tailored to integrate seamlessly into OEM cybersecurity management processes. Leveraging a combination of real-time monitoring systems, structured threat categorization methodologies, and integrated escalation and communication protocols, the proposed CSIR framework ensures efficient incident handling aligned with stringent regulatory compliance. The framework encompasses advanced methodologies including Vehicle Security Operations Center (VSOC
Chaudhary lng, VikashDesai, ManojChatterjee, AvikChatterjee lng, Avik
Driver-in-the-Loop (DIL) simulators have become crucial tools across automotive, aerospace, and maritime industries in enabling the evaluation of design concepts, testing of critical scenarios and provision of effective training in virtual environments. With the diverse applications of DIL simulators highlighting their significance in vehicle dynamics assessment, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle development, testing of complex control systems is crucial for vehicle safety. By examining the current landscape of DIL simulator use cases, this paper critically focuses on Virtual Validation of ADAS algorithms by testing of repeatable scenarios and effect on driver response time through virtual stimuli of acoustic and optical warnings generated during simulation. To receive appropriate feedback from the driver, industrial grade actuators were integrated with a real-time controller, a high-performance workstation and simulation software called Virtual Test
Sharma, ChinmayaBhagat, AjinkyaKale, Jyoti GaneshKarle, Ujjwala
The regulatory mechanisms to measure emissions from automobiles have evolved drastically over the years. Certification of CO2 emissions is one of them. It is not only critical for environmental protection but can also invite heavy fines to OEMs, if not complied with. In homologation test of a Hybrid Vehicle, it is necessary to correct the measured CO2 to account for deviations in measurement from failed Start-Stop phase and difference between start and end State of Charge (SOC) of battery. The correction methodology is also applicable for vehicle simulation in Software-in-Loop environment and for analyzing vehicle test data for CO2 emissions with programmed digital tools. The focus of this paper is on the correction of CO2 derived from SOC delta in the WLTP homologation drive cycle. The battery energy delta due to difference in SOC between start and end of drive cycle should be converted to corresponding CO2 expended from Internal Combustion Engine. The resulting correction factor is
Gopinath, Shravanthi PoorigaliKhatod, Krishna
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