Browse Topic: Financial management

Items (1,079)
Shared autonomous vehicles systems (SAVS) are regarded as a promising mode of carsharing service with the potential for realization in the near future. However, the uncertainty in user demand complicates the system optimization decisions for SAVS, potentially interfering with the achievement of desired performance or objectives, and may even render decisions derived from deterministic solutions infeasible. Therefore, considering the uncertainty in demand, this study proposes a two-stage robust optimization approach to jointly optimize the fleet sizing and relocation strategies in a one-way SAVS. We use the budget polyhedral uncertainty set to describe the volatility, uncertainty, and correlation characteristics of user demand, and construct a two-stage robust optimization model to identify a compromise between the level of robustness and the economic viability of the solution. In the first stage, tactical decisions are made to determine autonomous vehicle (AV) fleet sizing and the
Li, KangjiaoCao, YichiZhou, BojianWang, ShuaiqiYu, Yaofeng
This research explores the use of salt gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) as an environmentally friendly and efficient method for thermal energy storage. The study focuses on the design, construction, and performance evaluation of SGSP systems integrated with reflectors, comparing their effectiveness against conventional SGSP setups without reflectors. Both experimental and numerical methods are employed to thoroughly assess the thermal behavior and energy efficiency of these systems. The findings reveal that the SGSP with reflectors (SGSP-R) achieves significantly higher temperatures across all three zones—Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), Non-Convective Zone (NCZ), and Lower Convective Zone (LCZ)—with recorded temperatures of 40.56°C, 54.2°C, and 63.1°C, respectively. These values represent an increase of 6.33%, 11.12%, and 14.26% over the temperatures observed in the conventional SGSP (SGSP-C). Furthermore, the energy efficiency improvements in the UCZ, NCZ, and LCZ for the SGSP-R are
J, Vinoth Kumar
This study introduces the Total Cost of Ownership per Unit Operating Time (TCOP) as a novel indicator to assess the economic impact of vehicle durability. A comprehensive analysis is conducted for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in light- and heavy-duty scenarios. The results show that in HDVs, the advantages of low prices for hydrogen and electricity are fully demonstrated due to their high durability. In contrast, for LDVs, the purchase cost plays a much larger role, accounting for 68% of the total cost, indicating a significant difference between vehicles. Improving durability can significantly enhance the competitiveness of FCVs. For FCVs, increasing the durability from the current levels of 150,000 km for LDVs and 600,000 km for HDVs to 20,8500 km and 1,122,000 km, respectively, would align their TCOP with that of current ICEVs. A sensitivity analysis shows that for HDVs. The focus should be placed on
Qin, ZhikunYin, YanZhang, FanYao, JunqiGuo, TingWang, Bowen
This paper presents the strategy design, development, and detailed simulation of an Energy Management System (EMS) for a range extender energy storage microgrid project. Initially, a microgrid system model including photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage devices was established. Secondly, the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method was employed to generate possible operational scenarios, and an improved K-means clustering algorithm was used for scenario classification. Subsequently, a series of constraints were constructed for the economic viability of the microgrid to minimize its annualized comprehensive cost, while satisfying power balance and equipment operation. Finally, the microgrid system was simulated and solved using the GUROBI solver, covering cost analyses of the energy storage system and diesel generators under different configurations, as well as the State of Charge (SOC) variations of the energy storage system. The simulation results indicate that, after considering the one
Hua, YuweiJin, ZhenhuaHuang, HuilongWang, Zihao
The transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) industry to electric vehicle (EV) industry has significant financial implications for both the automotive industry, government, and associated partners. The shift to EVs could lead to savings in foreign exchange reserves, the creation of new jobs, and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, the transition could also result in job losses in the automobile and its associated manufacturing industry. This study aims to analyze the impact of this transition on different stakeholders in India. The study takes into account the different financial aspects that includes production, technology, government policy, skilling, employability, job creation, and other associated aspects on Indian economy. For the projected study different cases were considered with 2030 as the projected year with 30% EVs. A modest attempt is made to analyze the impact on associated partners. The findings of the study suggest that the transition to EVs could
Vashist, DevendraMalik, VarunPandey, Sachchidanand
The automotive industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce costs without compromising on quality and performance, particularly in the design and manufacturing. This paper provides a technical review of the multifaceted challenges involved in achieving cost efficiency while maintaining financial viability, functional integrity, and market competitiveness. Financial viability stands as a primary obstacle in cost reduction projects. The demand for innovative products needs to be balanced with the need for affordable materials while maintaining structural integrity. Suppliers’ cost structures, raw material fluctuations, and production volumes must be considered on the way to obtain optimal costs. Functional aspects lead to another layer of complexity, once changes in design or materials should not compromise safety, durability, or performance. Rigorous testing and simulation tools are indispensable to validate changes in the manufacturing process. Marketing considerations are also
Oliveira Neto, Raimundo ArraisSouza, Camila Gomes PeçanhaBrito, Luis Roberto BonfimGuimarães, Georges Louis Nogueira
The future of wireless technology - from charging devices to boosting communication signals - relies on the antennas that transmit electromagnetic waves becoming increasingly versatile, durable and easy to manufacture. Researchers at Drexel University and the University of British Columbia believe kirigami, the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create intricate three-dimensional designs, could provide a model for manufacturing the next generation of antennas. Recently published in the journal Nature Communications, research from the Drexel-UBC team showed how kirigami - a variation of origami - can transform a single sheet of acetate coated with conductive MXene ink into a flexible 3D microwave antenna whose transmission frequency can be adjusted simply by pulling or squeezing to slightly shift its shape.
North American automakers and EV battery firms have five years to erase China's dominance in technology and manufacturing or they may face the reality of buying batteries from China for the foreseeable future. That was the message from battery-analysis company Voltaiq CEO Tal Sholklapper at a media briefing in Detroit. “We're in the final innings now,” Sholklapper said. “If the industry around batteries and electric vehicles and all the follow-on applications wants to make it, we're going to have to change the way we play.”
Clonts, Chris
This study aims to explore the multifaceted influencing factors of market acceptance and consumer behavior of low-altitude flight services through online surveys and advanced neuroscientific methods (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI, electroencephalography EEG, functional near-infrared spectroscopy fNIRS) combined with artificial intelligence and video advertisement quantitative analysis. We conducted an in-depth study of the current trends in low-altitude flight vehicle development and customer acceptance of low-altitude services, focusing particularly on the survey methods used for market acceptance. To overcome the influence of strong opinion leaders in volunteer group experiments, we designed specialized surveys targeting broader online and social media groups. Utilizing specialized knowledge in aviation psychology, we designed a distinctive questionnaire and, within just 7 days of its launch, gathered a significant number of valid responses. The data was then
Ma, XinDing, ShuitingLi, Yan
Vehicle electrification has gained prominence in various industries and offers sustainability opportunities, especially in the context of heavy-duty vehicles such as school buses. Despite the prevalence of conventional diesel school buses (CDSB), the adoption of electric school bus (ESB) and other eco-friendly alternatives is increasing. In the United States alone, there has been a notable increase in the adoption of ESBs, indicating substantial growth. The electrification of school buses not only promises energy savings, but also offers health benefits to children, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and environmentally friendly transportation practices, aligned with broader eco-friendly initiatives. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings and reduction in environmental footprint through electrification of school buses in the Columbus, OH area. Analyzing current bus routes and road terrain data allows one to estimate energy demand and environmental impact, accounting
Moon, JoonHanif, AtharAhmed, Qadeer
Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems can make up electrified roads (eRoads) on which electricity from the grid is supplied to electric vehicles (EVs) wirelessly while the EVs travel along the roads. Electrification of roads contributes to decarbonizing the transport sector and offers a strong solution to high battery cost, range anxiety, and long charging times of EVs. However, the DWC eRoads infrastructure is costly. This article presents a model to minimize the infrastructure cost so that the deployment of eRoads can be economically more feasible. The investment for eRoad infrastructure consists of the costs of various components including inverters, road-embedded power transmitter devices, controllers, and grid connections. These costs depend on the traffic flow of EVs. The configuration and deployment strategy of the proposed eRoads in Southeastern Canada are designed with optimized charging power and DWC coverage ratio to attain the best cost-effectiveness. Well-designed
Qiu, KuanrongRibberink, HajoEntchev, Evgueniy
An SAE white paper on the different engineering approaches taken by traditional automakers and recent arrivals indicates that each category is remarkably aware of the others' strengths and weaknesses. Sven Beiker, a management lecturer at Stanford University, authored the report “Two Approaches to Mobility Engineering.” He gathered commentary from every corner of the vehicle ecosystem, from suppliers to software companies to manufacturers, and summarized the findings in a presentation at WCX 2024 in Detroit. Rather than “old companies,” Beiker likes to refer to traditional automakers as “incumbents.” Here are a few common observations from the report, which will be published this summer: Newer players are better at simplifying complexity, such as Tesla's ability to build vehicles with fewer parts. Older automakers are better at managing complexity, such as integrating disparate systems. Newer companies are constrained by financial resources and a shortage of available talent
Clonts, Chris
Quantum computing and its applications are emerging rapidly, driving excitement and extensive interest across all industry sectors, from finance to pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry is no different. Quantum computing can bring significant advantages to the way we commute, whether through the development of new materials and catalysts using quantum chemistry or improved route optimization. Quantum computing may be as important as the invention of driverless vehicles. Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications: Opportunities and Future Use Cases attempts to explain quantum technology and its various advantages for the automotive industry. While many of the applications presented are still nascent, they may become mainstream in a decade or so. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Kolodziejczyk, Bart
To promote real time monitoring, In use performance ratio monitoring “IUPRm” checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern. therefore, a clear understanding of real-world driving is required to define IUPRm targets. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPRm routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps: For defining IUPRm route framework, first step is to have a pre-market survey to know current In use performance ratio “IUPR” status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles. Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating
Sharma, PrashantSingh, DilbaghKumar, AmitGautam, AmitKhanna, Vikram
Metal cutting/machining is a widely used manufacturing process for producing high-precision parts at a low cost and with high throughput. In the automotive industry, engine components such as cylinder heads or engine blocks are all manufactured using such processes. Despite its cost benefits, manufacturers often face the problem of machining chips and cutting oil residue remaining on the finished surface or falling into the internal cavities after machining operations, and these wastes can be very difficult to clean. While part cleaning/washing equipment suppliers often claim that their washers have superior performance, determining the washing efficiency is challenging without means to visualize the water flow. In this paper, a virtual engineering methodology using particle-based CFD is developed to address the issue of metal chip cleanliness resulting from engine component machining operations. This methodology comprises two simulation methods. The first is the virtual chip test
Jan, JamesKhorran, AaronHall, MarkTorcellini, SabrinaDoody, David
Abstract The initial cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is higher than internal combustion engine-powered vehicles (ICEVs) due to expensive batteries. Various factors affect the total cost of ownership of a vehicle. In India, consumers are concerned with a vehicle’s initial purchase cost and prefer owning an economical vehicle. The higher cost and shorter range of BEVs compared to ICEVs severely limit their penetration in the Indian market. However, government subsidies and incentives support BEVs. The total cost of ownership assessment is used to evaluate the entire cost of a vehicle to find the most economical option among different powertrains. This study compares 2W (two-wheeler) and 4W (four-wheeler) BEV’s cost vis-à-vis equivalent ICEVs in Delhi and Mumbai. The cost analysis assesses the current and future government policies to promote BEVs. Two assumed policies were applied to estimate future scenarios. Annual distance traveled, battery replacement assumptions, and fuel
Kumar, DeepakAbdul-Manan, Amir F. N.Kalghatgi, GautamAgarwal, Avinash Kumar
The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has been steadily increasing in recent years, led by the factors like environmental concerns, government incentives, and improvements in EV technology. The EV’s growth is expected to increase in the coming years as EVs become more affordable and more models become available on the market. Predicting the price of electric vehicles provides valuable insights on the EV market and inform a range of business, consumer, financial, and policy decisions. Predicting the price of electric vehicles using simple linear regression involves building a linear regression model with a single independent variable usually the vehicle’s characteristics or features to predict the dependent variable the price.This work has predicted the price of Electric Vehicle using a data set prepared for the Indian context. It has been predicted that there is significant correlation between battery capacity in Ah and the vehicle price. The measured RMSE value is 26274.942642891292
Raj, Joshua DanielImmanuel, J. SamsonKarthik, P.Jayanthi, M.
The global automotive industry’s shift toward electrification hinges on battery electric vehicles (BEV) having a reduced total cost of ownership compared to traditional vehicles. Although BEVs exhibit lower operational costs than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, their initial acquisition expense is higher due to expensive battery packs. This study evaluates total ownership costs for four vehicle types: traditional ICE-based car, BEV, split-power hybrid, and plug-in hybrid. Unlike previous analyses comparing production vehicles, this study employs a hypothetical sedan with different powertrains for a more equitable assessment. The study uses a drive-cycle model grounded in fundamental vehicle dynamics to determine the fuel and electricity consumption for each vehicle in highway and urban conditions. These figures serve a Monte Carlo simulation, projecting a vehicle’s operating cost over a decade based on average daily distance and highway driving percentage. Results show plug
Mittal, VikramShah, Rajesh
To promote real time monitoring, IUPRm checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm monitoring is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern. Therefore, a clear understanding of real-world driving is required to define IUPRm targets. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPR routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps: For defining IUPR route framework, first step is to have a pre-market survey to know current IUPR status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles. Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating conditions. Routes definition (Step 2) starts with
Sharma, PrashantSingh, DilbaghKumar, AmitGautam, AmitKhanna, Vikram
Climate change due to global warming calls for more fuel-efficient technologies. Parallel Full hybrids are one of the promising technologies to curb the climate change by reducing CO2 emissions significantly. Different parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) architectures such as P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 are adopted based on different parameters like fuel economy, drivability, performance, packaging, comfort and total cost of ownership of the vehicle. It is a great challenge to select right hybrid architecture for different vehicle segments. This paper compares P2 and P3 HEV with AMT transmission to evaluate most optimized architecture based on vehicle segment. Vehicles selected for study are from popular vehicle segments in India with AMT transmission i.e. Entry segment hatch and Compact SUV. HEV P2 and P3 architectures are simulated and studied with different vehicle segments for fuel economy, performance, drivability and TCO. The analyzed simulation results reveal similar fuel economy
Jadhav, Vaibhav V.Warule, Prasad B.
In recent years due to significant increased cost of raw material, fuel and energy, vehicle cost is increased. As vehicle cost is one of the major factors that attracts prospective buyers, it has created specific demand for low weight and low-cost components than traditional components with better performance to meet customer expectations. Suspension is one of the critical aggregates where lot of material is used and reduction in weight tends to give lot of cost benefit. As suspension system derives vehicle’s handling performance, it has to be ensured that handling performance of vehicle is maintained the same or made better while reducing weight of the suspension. Advancements in simulation capabilities coupled with manufacturing technology has enabled development non-traditional leaf springs. One of such springs is mono-leaf spring without shackle. This type of leaf spring provides advantages such as low weight and nonlinear stiffness. Hence, this type of spring can cater the need of
Pandhare, Vinay RamakantTiwari, ChaitanyaDeore, YogeshKhandekar, Dhiraj
Effective smart cockpit interaction design can address the specific needs of children, offering ample entertainment and educational resources to enhance their on-board experience. Currently, substantial attention is focused on smart cockpit design to enrich the overall travel engagement for children. Recognizing the contrasts between children and adults in areas such as physical health, cognitive development, and emotional psychology, it becomes imperative to meticulously customize the design and optimization processes to cater explicitly to their individual requirements. However, a noticeable gap persists in both research methodologies and product offerings within this domain. This study employs user survey to delve into children’s on-board experiences and utilization of current child-centric in-cockpit interaction solutions (C-SI Solutions), that over 50% of the interviewees (children) got on-board at least several times per week and over half of the parents would pay for C-SI
Xu, JinghanHui, XinruWang, YixiangJia, Qing
Medical and surgical instruments are utilized daily to save and improve lives. Because of this, they demand an exact level of accuracy and infallibility in their manufacture. Traditionally, aluminum and other metals have been the standard material of choice for medical and surgical instruments due to their weight, strength, durability, and cost benefits. However, new advances in technology are challenging the status quo and offering exciting new manufacturing possibilities that allow for greater material choices. One such advancement already making waves in the aerospace, leisure, and automotive industries — and poised to benefit medical and surgical manufacturing — is Additive Fusion Technology (AFT)™.
As the world is moving toward optimized production strategies, third-world countries are also putting their efforts into contributing to this smart manufacturing approach. However, despite realizing the impact of its global significance and reduction in financial overheads, most of the third-world potential industries are hesitant to this transformation. The predominant reasons are huge capital investments and the cost of handling technology. In this study, a cost calculation methodology is recognized that analyze the cost benefits of technological investment. The case shows that the adaptation of Industry 4.0 is more economical than the traditional manufacturing approach. In an existing setup, a traditional TDABC is being applied, where cost id resources such as labor and material are included in a product cost at the end. This approach losses the visibility of associated labor and material cost used for the particular activity giving an offset in a product cost. Therefore, it is
Fatima, AnisAli, Syed Sajjad
This work aims at addressing the challenge of reconciling the surge in road transportation with the need to reduce CO2 emissions. The research particularly focuses on exploring the potential of fuel cell technology in long-distance road haulage, which is currently a major solution proposed by relevant manufacturers to get zero local emissions and an increased total payload. Specifically, a methodology is applied to enable rapid and accurate identification of techno-economically effective fuel cell hybrid heavy-duty vehicle (FCH2DV) configurations. This is possible by performing model-based co-design of FCH2DV powertrain and related control strategies. Through the algorithm, it is possible to perform parametric scenario analysis to better understand the prospects of this technology in the decarbonization path of the heavy-duty transportation sector, changing in an easy way all the parameters involved. The tool used is based on the truck longitudinal dynamics model to evaluate the power
Sorrentino, MarcoBevilacqua, GiuseppeBove, GiovanniPianese, Cesare
Recent years have demonstrated the fragility of both military and nonmilitary supply chains. Through biotechnology and biomanufacturing, the Department of Defense (DoD) can use readily available feedstocks to onshore manufacturing of chemicals and materials critical to defense needs and to create advanced materials with enhanced capabilities. Development of DoD’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing capabilities will help secure the defense supply chain and contribute to a force that is sustainable, resilient, survivable, agile, and responsive. To accelerate the advancement of biotechnology and biomanufactured products, the Department launched the Tri-Service Biotechnology for a Resilient Supply Chain (T-BRSC) program in Fiscal Year 2022. T-BRSC is creating a pipeline for advanced development and transition of biomanufactured materials to support defense supply chain resilience. The effort brings together Joint Service partners to leverage significant advances made over the last decade
Wolfson, Benjamin R.Knott, Steve K.Maul, Steve J.Pietsch, Hollie A.Podolan, Kyle S.Thomas, Nick H.Hung, Chia-SueiGupta, Maneesh K.Kelley-Loughnane, NancyMalanoski, Anthony P.Glaven, Sarah M.Gibbons, Henry S.
Connected autonomous vehicles that employ internet connectivity are technologically complex, which makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks. Many cybersecurity researchers, white hat hackers, and black hat hackers have discovered numerous exploitable vulnerabilities in connected vehicles. Several studies indicate consumers do not fully trust automated driving systems. This study expanded the technology acceptance model (TAM) to include cybersecurity and level of trust as determinants of technology acceptance. This study surveyed a diverse sample of 209 licensed US drivers over 18 years old. Results indicated that perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, perceived ease of usefulness negatively influences perceived cyber threats, and perceived cyber threats negatively influence the level of trust.
King, WarrenHalawi, Leila
Through connectivity with the electric grid, electric vehicles (EVs) minimize or eliminate the need for fossil fuels. Despite the rapid adoption of EVs in recent times, most government adoption objectives have not been attained. This article aims to comprehend the reasons behind the limited uptake of electric scooters in India and the driving aspects. This research used a grounded theory methodology. Using a snowball sampling technique, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews with EV owners, mainly based in Delhi and Mumbai. As an outcome of the study, four drivers and four impediments to the adoption of EVs have been formulated. The study shows that there are Financial, Technological, Operational, and Psychological drivers and Technological/Infrastructural, Operational, and Psychological impediments to the adoption. The study identifies the key concern areas in the form of categories of drivers and impediments, which can be considered in industrial and public policymaking. This research
Suri, AnkitDeepthi, B.Sharma, Yogesh
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance when creating integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) system architecture. IVHM covers a vehicle’s monitoring and data processing functions inherent within its sub-systems, and the tools and processes used to manage and restore the vehicle health. These guidelines are drawn from experience within both defense and commercial IVHM initiatives and implementations. The document identifies a step-by-step methodology to expose functional and non-functional requirements, mature the architecture and support organizational business goals and objectives.
HM-1 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Committee
Current hybrid and electric powertrains in Class 1 through to Class 7 vehicle segments, are still disadvantaged by very low market penetration due to high procurement and operational cost barriers which have increased the gap between the technology experience and the expected benefits of powertrain electrification. Fundamentally, baseline gasoline and diesel vehicles with over 100 years of established supply chain network and manufacturing economies of scale, have made it difficult for hybrid and electric alternatives to compete even with the continuous drop in price of these new technologies and numerous government incentives. A new approach is proposed in this segment with an Integrated Torque Assist Transmission (ITAT) that addresses the typical fuel inefficiency challenges of the baseline powertrains where mostly up to 12% of their fuel content is used for actual vehicle propulsion while the rest is lost to heat dissipation. The new ITAT replaces the stock transmission as an
Nwoke, Ugo
Leveraging the increased use of Structural Adhesive in Automotive Body Structure Design has many proven benefits. It is a well-known method used to enable weight reduction in vehicle design and can also drive more efficient structural performance during dynamic safety events. This is increasingly important as vehicle safety standards increase, and as vehicle mass increases due to electrification. Often the benefits of adhesive use are not fully optimized due to unnecessary design redundancies or process driven redundancies. Design redundancy; using both welds and adhesive, is often included because government safety regulations require very robust validation of structures, and when combined with the use of Process Quality Control methods such as Batch Control and Sampling, can infer confidence in the design and process, but don’t ensure it. This paper proposes a different and unique approach to Product Design and Process Control, which will create an opportunity to eliminate redundancy
Lee, Michael J.
Tesla's 2023 Investor Day on March 1 at the company's Austin, Texas, Gigafactory was short on new-product announcements but long on how the EV automaker will continue to refine its vehicles, manufacturing, and processes to maximize profits and growth. While anticipation was high for Tesla to unveil a new vehicle to its aging lineup - and provide a definite showroom date for its Cybertruck - multiple presenters on stage at the event each discussed aspects of the company's “Master Plan 3.” But to the disappointment of Tesla enthusiasts and some financial analysts, the company didn't discuss its next model beyond describing it as “next-generation vehicle.” While Tesla design chief Franz von Holzhausen said the long-awaited Cybertruck would be “coming this year,” Musk was mum at the event about the anticipated, low-cost Model 2.
Newcomb, Doug
Digital transformation is at the forefront of manufacturing considerations, but often excludes discrete event simulation and cost modelling capabilities, meaning digital twin capabilities are in their infancy. As cost and time are critical metrics for manufacturing companies it is vital the associated tools become a connected digital capability. The aim is to digitize cost modelling functionality and its associated data requirements in order to couple cost analysis with digital factory simulation. The vast amount of data existing in today’s industry alongside the standardization of manufacturing processes has paved the way for a ‘data first’ cost and discrete event simulation environment that is required to facilitate the automated model building capabilities required to seamlessly integrate the digital twin within existing manufacturing environments. An ISA-95 based architecture is introduced where phases within a cost modelling and simulation workflow are treated as a series of
Tierney, Christopher M.Higgins, Peter L.Higgins, Colm J.Collins, Rory J.Murphy, AdrianQuinn, Damian
According to the International Energy Agency, of world energy consumption, fuel oil and natural coal, as primary sources of energy for some process, correspond to about 60% of the total. This consumption has been increasing for decades, mainly in the transport sector, including railways. In Brazil, in 2019, the transport sector represented 32.7% of energy consumption. At VLI Logística, a company that operates 7,000 km of railways in Brazil, consumption in 2020 was 203 million litres of diesel, which generated a cost of US$ 86 million. In this context, it is necessary to increase energy efficiency in the sector and, for this, the feasibility of recovering waste heat from the internal combustion engine (ICE) of a locomotive must be verified. The present study was carried out considering a GE 7FDL engine, 16 cylinders, turbocharged, with water cooling and 4,020 HP (2,998.92 kW) of power. The simulations of ORC cycles, using the cooling water system and the exhaust gases of the ICE
dos Santos Juvencio, RondinelliMartins Cunha, Carla CesarConceição Soares Santos, José Joaquim
The automotive industry is going through one of its greatest restructuring, the migration from internal combustion engines to electric powered / internet connected vehicles. Adapting to a new consumer who is increasingly demanding and selective may be one of the greatest challenges of this generation, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) have been struggling to keep offering a diversified variety of features to their customers while also maintaining its quality standards. The vehicles leave the factory with an embedded SIM Card and a telematics module, which is an electronic unit to enable communication between the car, data center. Connected vehicles generate tens of gigabytes of data per hour that have the potential to be transformed into valuable information for companies, especially regarding the behavior and desires of drivers. One of the techniques used to gather quality feedback from the customers is the NPS it consists of open questions focused on top-of-mind feedback. Here
Torres Fernandes Veiga, Daniel Thadeude Miranda Junior, Airton WagnerNascimento Silva, LuanaSena Cavalcante, Mairondos Santos, Maria da Conceição
During the early phase of vehicle development, one of the key design attributes to consider are the interior storages for occupants. Internal storage is the pillar that is responsible for user’s comfort and make into customer comfort needs in engineer metrics. Therefore, it is one of the key requirements to be considered during the vehicle design. The vehicle has some interior storages, like storages on door trim, floor console and IP and to define the best solution for the customer, engineering team has certain internal vehicle characteristics such as the volume and size of storage are engineer metrics that influence the perception of comfort for occupants. One specific characteristic influencing satisfaction is the glove box volume, which is the subject of this paper. The objective of this project is to analyze the relationship between the glove box volume with the occupant’s satisfaction under real world driving conditions, based on research, statistical data analysis and dynamic
Cardoso Santos, AlexGenaro, PieroTerra, RafaelPádua, AntônioZapiello, GabrielRossini, RafaelBenevente, Rodrigo
For Chinese low-cost airlines network, this article employed two indicators: network topology indexes, to evaluate the current status of the network, and economic performance indexes, to analyze the development potential of the network. From the topology indexes, each airline has its own different characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, while from economic and socio-demographic indexes, Spring Airlines, West Air, and China United Airlines have obvious advantages and other airlines have distinct shortcomings. Then, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method was used to comprehensively evaluate Chinese low-cost airlines. The results show that the ranking in terms of network is: Spring Airlines, Western Airlines, China United Airlines, Lucky Air, 9 Air, Chengdu Airlines, and also show Chinese low-cost airlines network is in initial and growth stage.
Wang, ChaofengWang, Delong
The development of a long-term sustainable hydrogen energy economy for commercial vehicle transportation will need to overcome key critical technical and logistics considerations in the near term. As compared to zero-emission powertrains, fossil-fuel-based powertrains provide mission flexibility and high uptime at a comparatively low total cost of ownership (TCO). While the incumbent carbon-intensive powertrains suffer from poor efficiency and are not sustainable to support global climate change initiatives in transportation decarbonization, techno-economic challenges continue to create complex barriers to the large-scale displacement of these with highly electrified powertrains architectures. This article specifically addresses opportunities that well-targeted subsidies would afford in achieving fuel cell electric powertrain financial parity with diesel powertrains in heavy-duty trucks (HDTs). It shows that a rigorous assessment of system TCO factors will be critical in designing a
Sujan, Vivek Anand
Stryker is one of the world’s leading medtech companies. From medical and surgical to neurotechnology and orthopedics, Stryker’s innovative products include digital and enabling technologies to support customers and drive the growth of the company. Stryker is “a category leader across all of its businesses in one category or another. It has a diversified customer base with massive potential upsides, including advanced imaging, stroke care, safety, and medical robotics,” according to market analysis firm Seeking Alpha. “While there are always leaders in specific fields, very few fields have as clear a leader as Stryker seems to be in these segments.”1
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