Browse Topic: Energy management
Heavy-duty vehicles, particularly those towing higher weights, require a continuous/secondary braking system. While conventional vehicles employ Retarder or Engine brake systems, electric vehicles utilize recuperation for continuous braking. In a state where HV Battery is at 100% of SOC, recuperated energy from vehicle operation is passed on to HPR and it converts electrical energy into waste heat energy. This study focuses on identification of routes which are critical for High Power Brake Resistors (HPRs), by analyzing the elevation data of existing charging stations, the route’s slope distribution, and the vehicle’s battery SOC. This research ultimately suggests a method to identify HPR critical vehicle operational routes which can be useful for energy efficient route planning algorithms, leading to significant cost savings for customers and contributing to environmental sustainability
Electrification in off-highway vehicles faces several challenges due to the unique requirements and operational features of heavy-duty applications. Key challenges include power demand, limited range, weight, size, and the costs associated with electrification. Lithium-based batteries have limited capacity and range, and heavy-duty operations can rapidly drain the battery's power. Managing battery power for these operations requires careful planning and optimization of the vehicle's energy consumption to ensure efficient utilization of the battery's capacity. In electric off-highway vehicles, the remaining battery discharge run-time is closely related to the management of operational applications in the field. The utilization of battery power for heavy operations can be enhanced by estimating battery run-time and run distance during operation, which can then be displayed on the vehicle’s display unit. This facilitates the operator's understanding of how much longer the battery can
As we move towards sustainable transportation, it is essential to look for alternative powertrain technologies that might reduce emissions and depend less on fossil fuels. This paper offers a thorough analysis and comparison of several viable solutions along with their benefits, cost and conclusion for hydrogen fuel cells, solar cells, electric hybrid systems, compressed natural gas (CNG) and CNG hybrid systems alongside the latest proposal of using nuclear batteries. Hydrogen cars have zero emissions from their exhaust and can be refueled quickly, however there are some drawbacks like hydrogen production, storage, and infrastructure. The efficiency, affordability, and scalability of various hydrogen production techniques, fuel cell stack designs and storage technologies (compressed gas, liquid, and metal hydrides) are evaluated in this paper. Solar FCEVs on the other hand, are designed to utilize solar energy like Solar EVs but are very different in their operation and fundamentals
In recent years, world-wide automotive manufacturers have been continuously working to improve the fuel efficiency of IC engine and valve train friction contribute up to 30% of overall friction loss. Oil viscosity plays an important role in reducing overall engine friction, but it adversely affects the function of Valve train in terms of wear and reliability. Now a days HLA/RFF type (Type-II) valve train is mostly used in Internal Combustion engine to reduce friction and automatic lash adjustment. HLA (hydraulic lash adjuster) plays a crucial role in the RFF/HLA type valvetrain in IC engine. Understanding the valve train dynamic behavior due to HLA is essential for engine designers to improve engine performance and durability. The study aims to accurately predict the behavior of Hydraulic lash adjuster under various operating conditions using multibody dynamic simulation approach. Most significant concern in HLA operation is potential occurrence of “Valve pump up”, an undesired
This paper examines the effectiveness of optimizing energy management in hybrid electric vehicles by integrating adaptive machine learning algorithms with the energy management electronic control unit (ECU). Existing traditional rule-based energy management and control strategies of power distribution between internal combustion and battery struggle to adapt to dynamic driving conditions, such as rapid acceleration, frequent stop-and-go traffic, and varying terrain. These scenarios often result in sub-optimal energy utilization and performance, as the fixed rules struggle to account for the immediate demands and inefficiencies that arise in such conditions. In conditions like that, rapid acceleration demands a sudden increase in power, which can lead to inefficient fuel consumption if not managed properly, while frequent stop-and-go traffic conditions can cause the battery to drain and lead to increased fuel consumption. Varying terrain can also lead to improper power distribution
This SAE Recommended Practice provides instructions and test procedures for measuring air consumption of air braked vehicles equipped with Antilock Brake Systems (ABS) used on highways
ABSTRACT New generations of ground vehicles are required to perform tasks with an increased level of autonomy. Autonomous navigation and Artificial Intelligence on the edge are growing fields that require more sensors and more computational power to perform these missions. Furthermore, new sensors in the market produce better quality data at higher rates while new processors can increase substantially the computational power. Therefore, near-future ground vehicles will be equipped with large number of sensors that will produce data at rates that has not been seen before, while at the same time, data processing power will be significantly increased. This new scenario of advanced ground vehicles applications and increase in data amount and processing power, has brought new challenges with it: low determinism, excessive power needs, data losses and large response latency. In this article, a novel approach to on-board artificial intelligence (AI) is presented that is based on state-of-the
ABSTRACT A retrofittable intelligent vehicle performance and fuel economy maximization system would have widespread application to military tactical and non-tactical ground vehicles as well as commercial vehicles. Barron Associates, Inc. and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) recently conducted a research effort in collaboration with the U.S. Army RDECOM to demonstrate the feasibility of a Fuel Usage Monitor and Economizer (FUME) – an open architecture vehicle monitoring and fuel efficiency optimization system. FUME features two primary components: (1) vehicle and engine health monitoring and (2) real-time operational guidance to maximize fuel efficiency and extend equipment life given the current operating conditions. Key underlying FUME technologies include mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, real-time adaptive parameter estimation, model-based diagnostics, and intelligent usage monitoring. The research included demonstration of the underlying FUME technologies applied to a
ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Defense faces growing fuel demand, resulting in increasing costs and compromised operational capability. In response to this issue, the Fuel Efficient Ground Vehicle Demonstrator (FED) program was initiated in order to demonstrate a tactical vehicle with significantly greater fuel efficiency than a Humvee while maintaining capability. This article provides an overview of a systems engineering methodology for maximizing fuel efficiency and its application in concept development for the FED program. Engineering tools and methods used include tradespace definition, provisional baseline product models, decomposition of energy expenditure over the product usage cycle, structured technology market surveys, complex systems modeling & simulation tools, and design space exploration / Pareto optimization. The methodology explores the impact of technology on fuel efficiency along with other aspects of vehicle development including drive cycle definition
ABSTRACT Saft has continued to develop lithium-ion replacement batteries for the traditional lead-acid batteries for use in military vehicles. Saft’s 24 volt Xcelion 6T® delivers power at high rate that surpasses the delivered capacity of two lead-acid batteries. The battery design is tailored to support high rates, even at extreme cold temperatures, to support the mission needs for silent watch and starting for military vehicles. An additional design variant is now available, the Xcelion 6T Energy, to provide 30% more energy while still delivering excellent cranking capability. Both products are industrialized and in use in large new vehicle programs. Additionally, development continues on a MIL-PRF-32565 compliant version with release to market expected in 2019
ABSTRACT A distinctive feature of unmanned and conventional terrain vehicles with four or more driving wheels consists of the fact that energy/fuel efficiency and mobility depend markedly not only on the total power applied to all the driving wheels, but also on the distribution of the total power among the wheels. As shown, under given terrain conditions, the same vehicle with a constant total power at all the driving wheels, but with different power distributions among the driving wheels, will demonstrate different fuel consumption, mobility and traction; the vehicle will accelerate differently and turn at different turn radii. This paper explains the nature of mechanical wheel power losses which depend on the power distribution among all the driving wheels and provides mathematical models for evaluating vehicle fuel economy and mobility. The paper also describes in detail analytical technology and computational results of the optimization of wheel power distributions among the
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