Browse Topic: Energy management

Items (2,757)
Abstract Saft America, inc. Space and Defense Division (SDD), located in Cockeysville, Maryland, is the world leader in providing state of the art lithium ion systems for the demanding defense and space markets. Saft has been manufacturing batteries at its facility in Cockeysville for over 26 years. The major focus of the facility today is large format high power lithium ion cells and battery systems for defense applications. Saft SDD has been developing lithium ion cells and batteries since 1993. Recent efforts have focused on the industrialization of the technology for use in military hybrid vehicles. Since 2004 Saft SDD has been developing US based manufacturing capability of the entire cell and battery manufacturing processes. This effort is focused under the ManTech program with TARDEC. Overall goals of the program are aimed at improving the technology readiness to support the production of military hybrid vehicles, with areas of focus on improved performance, reliability
Ferguson, ScottNechev, KamenKelley, Dan
ABSTRACT VanDyne SuperTurbo Inc. has recently completed Phase I of an Army SBIR project entitled “Diesel Waste Heat Recovery Utilizing a SuperTurbocharger”. The project focused on modeling a SuperTurbocharger for a specific Army application and evaluating the potential benefits from a single device capable of supercharging, turbocharging and turbocompounding. The modeling effort resulted in predicted efficiency gains from both air flow management and mechanical waste heat recovery. Additionally, the modeling program revealed additional engine power available that was inaccessible with the engine’s current turbocharged configuration. This paper will cover the fundamentals of the technology, the Phase I engine modeling results and the path forward for the Phase II prototype testing project
VanDyne, EdWaldron, Thomas
ABSTRACT The need for current and future military vehicles to include more powerful and efficient powertrains is critical to both improving operational performance and reducing logistical burden. VanDyne SuperTurbo Inc. is working jointly with TARDEC and OEM partners to develop and field a revolutionary technology that simultaneously increases available engine power and reduces overall fuel consumption. The ability to incorporate efficient supercharging will allow vehicles to accelerate faster in combat situations and accept a heavier load. The ability to mechanically recover waste heat energy will allow vehicles to improve their operational range and reduce the Class III supply chain. SuperTurbo technology additionally reduces visible soot emissions and is transferable to gensets and other equipment. The end result of fielding this kind of capability will be a force protection multiplier that equips the warfighter with better performing systems
Waldron, ThomasVanDyne, EdBrown, Jared
ABSTRACT General Dynamics Land Systems has developed an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) that provides 508A at 28VDC, for 14.2 KW. It is a stand-alone system, independent of the vehicle systems, except for utilizing vehicle fuel and vehicle batteries. Power is generated by a 570 amp alternator that is belt-driven by a diesel engine. It is load following which improves fuel efficiency and eliminates the probability of “wet stacking.” All the major components are commercially available and the APU is ready for production
Humble, Jeff
ABSTRACT Saft America, inc. Space and Defense Division (SDD), located in Cockeysville, Maryland, is the world leader in providing state of the art Li-ion systems for the demanding defense and space markets. Recent efforts have focused on the industrialization of the technology. Since 2004 Saft SDD has been developing a higher volume manufacturing capability of the entire cell and battery manufacturing processes. This effort is focused under two ManTech programs. The Army ManTech Program with TARDEC focuses on high power batteries for use in military ground vehicles. The USAF ManTech Program with AFRL focuses on ultra high power cells for use in aviation batteries. The goals of both programs are to industrialize the high performance technology so that they are available to the military as reliable products at an affordable cost, while improving the technology. Efforts to date have yielded improvements in performance, reliability, and cost. Advances have been realized for improving the
Ferguson, ScottNechev, KamenKelley, DanGoldwasser, Elisabeth
ABSTRACT The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Methodology Study was conducted by the Automotive Instrumentation Division, US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, from June 2006 through August 2009. The program objectives were to develop a test protocol that can be used to evaluate the fuel consumption characteristics of a hybrid electric vehicle regardless of weight class, battery chemistry, and/or driveline configuration, and to characterize the performance of currently developed hybrid vehicles and tactical wheeled vehicle prototypes with regard to fuel consumption and energy usage. Eleven hybrids and eight conventional vehicles were provided for the methodology study. Fuel consumption tests were conducted on a wide spectrum of terrains ranging from level paved road surfaces to hilly cross country secondary road surfaces. Test vehicles were operated over the full range of speed capabilities on each of the terrain scenarios. Results for ground
Taylor, Wayne T.
ABSTRACT One of the main thrusts in current Army Science & Technology (S&T) activities is the development of occupant-centric vehicle structures that make the operation of the vehicle both comfortable and safe for the soldiers. Furthermore, a lighter weight vehicle structure is an enabling factor for faster transport, higher mobility, greater fuel conservation, higher payload, and a reduced ground footprint of supporting forces. Therefore, a key design challenge is to develop lightweight occupant-centric vehicle structures that can provide high levels of protection against explosive threats. In this paper, concepts for using materials, damping and other mechanisms to design structures with unique dynamic characteristics for mitigating blast loads are investigated. The Dynamic Response Index (DRI) metric [1] is employed as an occupant injury measure for determining the effectiveness of the each blast mitigation configuration that is considered. A model of the TARDEC Generic V-Hull
Jiang, WeiranVlahopoulos, NickolasCastanier, Matthew P.Thyagarajan, RaviMohammad, Syed
Over the past twenty years, the automotive sector has increasingly prioritized lightweight and eco-friendly products. Specifically, in the realm of tyres, achieving reduced weight and lower rolling resistance is crucial for improving fuel efficiency. However, these goals introduce significant challenges in managing Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH), particularly regarding mid-frequency noise inside the vehicle. This study focuses on analyzing the interior noise of a passenger car within the 250 to 500 Hz frequency range. It examines how tyre tread stiffness and carcass stiffness affect this noise through structural borne noise test on a rough road drum and modal analysis, employing both experimental and computational approaches. Findings reveal that mid-frequency interior noise is significantly affected by factors such as the tension in the cap ply, the stiffness of the belt, and the properties of the tyre sidewall
Subbian, JaiganeshM, Saravanan
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, revolutionizing processes and enhancing efficiency. In the automotive domain, AI's adaption has ushered in a new era of innovation and driving advancements across manufacturing, safety, and user experience. By leveraging AI technologies, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation that is reshaping the way vehicles are manufactured, operated, and experienced. The benefits of AI-powered vehicles are not limited to their manufacturing, operation, and enhancing the user experience but also by integrating AI-powered vehicles with smart city infrastructure can unlock much more potential of the technology and can offer numerous advantages such as enhanced safety, efficiency, growth, and sustainability. Smart cities aim to create more livable, resilient, and inclusive communities by harnessing innovation through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), devices, data
Shrimal, Harsh
This study provides a detailed energy consumption analysis of two popular micromobility vehicles—an e-scooter and an e-bike—under various conditions, including steady-state and dynamics scenarios. Employing a custom-built data acquisition system, the research tested these vehicles in throttle mode, additionally assessing the e-bike across three pedal-assist levels. The findings reveal that the e-bike operates significantly more efficiently than the e-scooter, with both vehicles demonstrating peak power outputs significantly exceeding their rated values. Furthermore, the study explores how cargo affects the e-bike’s energy use, along with the charging and discharging behaviors of both platforms. Notably, the e-scooter exhibited a considerable battery self-depletion rate, a characteristic not observed on the e-bike
Pamminger, MichaelDuvall, AndrewWallner, Thomas
The next-gen 15-liter diesel engine meets all 2027 EPA emissions regulations while boosting fuel efficiency. Cummins provided extensive details of the design and engineering efforts involved in developing the new HELM version of its X15 diesel engine. The company says its new engine will offer up to a 7% improvement in fuel economy compared to the current EPA 2024-certified X15 while also meeting all 2027 emissions targets. Truck & Off-Highway Engineering was invited to tour the company's headquarters in Columbus, Indiana, where journalists were given a comprehensive update on the hardware powering the latest X15
Wolfe, Matt
The emergence of the flying ad hoc network (FANET) has gained popularity after COVID-19 pandemic. Due to disruptions in ground-based monitoring, aerial monitoring has become the preferred approach. Aerial communication has become essential, with multiple aerial vehicles equipped with sensors forming a FANET in a specific geographical area. These vehicles communicate autonomously in an ad-hoc fashion using hello packets, but the periodic transmission of these packets consumes a significant amount of energy. This type of aerial communication is particularly useful in infrastructure-fewer conditions, and the transition from 4G to 5G infrastructure has further facilitated aerial communication. To address limited flight periodicity of aerial vehicles due to onboard battery constraints, a new deep hello routing, GeNp-ODHR has been proposed to optimize the battery consumption and performance, which indirectly extended the flight time by saving the energy. Through simulation-based testing
Saini, Hemant Kumar
Energy efficiency in both internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric vehicles (EV) is a strategic advantage of automotive companies. It provides a better user experience that emanates amongst others from the reduction in operation expenses, particularly critical for fleets, and the increase in range. This is especially important in EVs where customers may experience range anxiety. The energetical impact of using the air conditioning system in vehicles is not negligible with power consumptions in the range of kilowatts, even with a stopped vehicle. This becomes particularly important in areas with high temperature and humidity levels where the usage of the air conditioning systems becomes safety factor. In such areas, drivers are effectively forced to use the air conditioning system continuously. Hence, the air conditioning system becomes an ideal choice to deploy control strategies for optimized energy usage. In this paper, we propose and implement a control strategy that allows a
Jaybhay, SambhajiKapoor, SangeetKulkarni, Shridhar DilipraoPalacio Torralba, JavierLocks, Olaf
Effective thermal management is crucial for vehicles, impacting both passenger comfort and safety, as well as overall energy efficiency. Electric vehicles (EVs) are particularly sensitive to thermal considerations, as customers often experience range anxiety. Improving efficiency not only benefits customers by extending vehicle range and reducing operational costs but also provides manufacturers with a competitive edge and potential revenue growth. Additionally, efficient thermal management contributes to minimizing the environmental impact of the vehicle throughout its lifespan. Digital twins have gained prominence across various industries due to their ability to accelerate development while minimizing testing costs. Some applications have transitioned to comprehensive three-dimensional models, while others employ model reduction techniques or hybrid approaches that combine different modeling methods. The discovery of unknown working mechanisms, more efficient and effective control
Palacio Torralba, JavierKapoor, SangeetJaybhay, SambhajiLocks, OlafKulkarni, Shridhar DilipraoShah, Geet
One of the major goals of the automotive industry is to improve vehicular fuel efficiency and performance with much lesser percentages of harmful tailpipe emissions. One of the major technologies includes fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Fuel cell electric vehicle can positively affect the transportation industry with regards to increase in the greenhouse gas emission, air pollution. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell that is widely used in commercial vehicles takes hydrogen and oxygen to generate the electricity. Hydrogen stored either in liquid or compressed gas, is supplied from anode end and oxygen from atmosphere is supplied from cathode end. The atmospheric air, which enters fuel cell, also contains pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxides and dioxides (CO, CO2), methane, ammonia etc. Operation of fuel cell in a geographic region, where the concentration of pollutants mentioned is significant leads to adsorption on the catalysts
Bhat, AdithyaShah, SaurabhChoubey, AyushBarik, MadhusmitaMallappanavar, BabuPrasad P, Shilpa
Tracking of energy consumption has become more difficult as demand and value for energy have increased. In such a case, energy consumption should be monitored regularly, and the power consumption want to be reduced to ensure that the needy receive power promptly. Our objective is to identify the energy consumption of an electric vehicle from battery and track the daily usage of it. We have to send the data to both the user and provider. We have to optimize the power usage by using anomaly detection technique by implementing deep learning algorithms. Here we are going to employ a LSTM auto-encoder algorithm to detect anomalies in this case. Estimating the power requirements of diverse locations and detecting harmful actions are critical in a smart grid. The work of identifying aberrant power consumption data is vital and it is hard to assure the smart meter’s efficiency. The LSTM auto-encoder neural network technique is used here for predicting power consumption and to detect anomalies
Deepan Kumar, SadhasivamArun Raj, VR, Vishnu Ramesh KumarManojkumar, R
The proposed smart, efficient eco-cooling strategy leverages the AC system's efficiency sensitivity to the vehicle speed and the thermal storage of the cabin to coordinate the AC operation with the vehicle speed profile by actively shifting the AC thermal load toward the more efficient region at higher vehicle speeds. An investigation is now being conducted on vehicle cabin climate control systems to lower energy consumption and enhance battery electric vehicle range when in pure electric mode. OEMs of electric vehicles are always searching for novel concepts that will extend the driving range of their vehicles. Basically, an air conditioning system needs high-voltage power from high-voltage battery packs to keep the interior of the cabin in a comfortable temperature range during the summer. In order to meet these demands, the AC system in electric vehicles becomes an additional power consumer. This smart ECO AC system consists of the importance and impact of the various components of
Agalawe, KIRAN R.Nagarhalli, Prasanna VHAJGUDE, NIKHIL
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in stakeholder’s attention on Earth's climate. The automotive industry, being a major contributor to this phenomenon, has been endeavoring to mitigate its impact through various measures. These efforts include reducing emissions in existing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and promoting electric vehicles (EVs) as a feasible alternative for consumers. Despite these initiatives, there remains a persistent challenge in improving the fuel economy and driving range of vehicles. India, located along the Tropic of Cancer, experiences both tropical and subtropical climates. As a result, a substantial portion of the total heat absorbed is from solar radiation. The higher heat load necessitates extensive use of air conditioning (AC) systems, which significantly contributes to the overall power consumption of vehicles. Various measures are being implemented to mitigate this heat load and enhance the efficiency of AC operations
Kumar, SunnyVenu, SantoshRaj, ShivamKandekar, Ambadas
One of the challenges of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is to provide thermal comfort for the occupants while minimizing the energy consumption and the impact on the driving range. Conventional heating systems, such as Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, consume a large amount of battery power and reduce the efficiency of the EVs. Heat Pumps (HPs) are an alternative heating system that can divert heat from the ambient air and transfer it to the cabin. HPs can achieve higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) than PTC heaters and save energy. However, for Indian sub-continent conditions HPs have some drawbacks, such as low heating capacity at low ambient temperatures, and variable performance depending on the operating conditions. Therefore, it is important to design and control the HP system optimally. This study employs 1D Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) modelling and simulation techniques to analyse the performance of heat pump systems within the confined environment of an EV
Jaiswara, PrashantShah, GeetM, Chandruvangala, Sai KrishnaJaybhay, SambhajiKulkarni, Shridhar
The heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system maintains thermal comfort inside car cabin. The thermal comfort to the occupant is achieved either by cooling, heating or blending the hot and cold air stream. The hot air stream is generated by blowing air over the heater mechanism (conventional coolant type or PTC heater). The design of efficient HVAC system is the fine balance between thermal comfort all along the year with varying weather conditions and at minimum power consumption. Air-conditioning system can significantly impact fuel economy of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and range in case of electric vehicle (EV). In the modern EVs electrically operated heater consumes substantial battery power which may adversely affect the vehicle mileage. While using such electrical heater at extremely cold ambient condition is necessary, for certain air blending conditions, usage of the electrical heater can consume the battery power which if conserved
Dimble, Nilesh AshokDube, AbhijitTadigadapa, SureshShah, GeetKulkarni, Shridhar
The air supply system in a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) provides the oxygen needed for the fuel cell to react with hydrogen. The air compressor, being the main component of the air supply subsystem, has the highest power consumption among all auxiliary loads in an FCEV. Therefore, efficient control of the air supply system is critical for improving fuel cell performance. The air supply system has a slow response to dynamic load changes. Due to its weak transient response, an overshoot in airflow can lead to an increase in auxiliary power loss, while an undershoot can cause a delay in meeting power requirements. Thus, reducing transients is a crucial factor in improving the overall system efficiency. In conventional control, the battery supplies additional power needed during dynamic load changes. During high dynamic load changes, there is frequent switching between the battery and the fuel cell. This frequent charging and discharging of the battery can impact its longevity
Choubey, AyushPonangi, Babu RaoShah, SaurabhMunirajappa, Chandrashekara
Electric Vehicle battery failure may lead to the release of toxic gas with fire and in some cases lead to explosion. To take care of these safety issues well defined standards and their regular upgradation is done based on recommendation of Automotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC) through Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI). Electric vehicles that are compliance with these standards are also facing safety issues. The aim of the research is to further strengthen the standards so that a vehicle complying standards boosts the sentiments of the customers. In the present work four Electric Vehicle safety standards set by Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) were critically reviewed. These standards are AIS-197 that covers Bharat New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), AIS-038 which is related to EV safety and construction, AIS 48 which provides standardization on safety requirements of traction batteries & AIS 156 that takes care of requirements of a vehicle electrical safety
Vashist, DevendraPandey, Bhaskar
Today, almost all passenger vehicles are equipped with Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) systems to provide thermal comfort to occupants. To enhance cabin cooling down rate, two approaches are possible viz. increasing the MAC system capacity or reducing heat ingress into the vehicle cabin. The first approach is likely to have a negative impact on energy efficiency. The latter approach considers the deployment of alternate passive cabin cooling technologies. Among these, the deployment of uniquely developed coatings on metal, plastic and glass surfaces of the cabin is one option. The assessment of such coatings is usually done only at severe ambient conditions (>40°C), which may not be sufficient. These coatings need to be validated across all climatic seasons of the year, for assessing their effectiveness on passenger thermal comfort. The current work along with simulation studies, takes into account additional parameters such as the ‘feeling of hotness’ when one enters a hot-soaked cabin
Deshmukh, GaneshKulkarni, Shridhar DilipraoVarma, MohitJaybhay, SambhajiKapoor, SangeetTilekar, Pravin
Passenger vehicles like buses tend to soak up heat when they are parked under an open sky. The temperatures inside the vehicle can get very high during daytime due to heating, which reduces the thermal comfort levels. All three modes of heat transfer, i.e., conduction, convection and radiation contribute to the heating process. Cool-down tests are performed to replicate this thermal behaviour and evaluate the time required for cooling the internal bus volume to comfortable temperatures. The phenomenon can also be analysed using CFD, and accounts of numerous such studies are available however, the effects of all three modes of heat transfer for practical application are rarely studied. In view of this, an effort has been made to develop a fast and reasonably accurate transient numerical method to predict the thermal behaviour of the cool-down process for a school bus cabin. The effects of all three modes of heating (conduction, convection, and solar radiation) have been evaluated, and
Sharma, ShantanuSingh, RamanandZucker, JamesMoore, Chris
The global push towards reducing emissions in road transport has intensified, necessitating the adoption of more sustainable powertrain solutions. Fuel cells have emerged as a prominent alternative to solve the limitations associated with battery-powered vehicles, such as range anxiety and excessive weight. Specifically, this study focuses on heavy-duty vehicles sector and seeks to simultaneously accomplish vehicle design and proper energy management of a hybrid truck utilizing both fuel cells and batteries. Therefore, a model-based approach is used to develop a techno-economically viable co-design procedure, which iteratively changes the design parameters (i.e., fuel cell system rated power and battery specific energy), to allow maximizing vehicle fuel economy over a designated driving mission. Such a task is successfully executed through the implementation of a versatile rule-based control strategy suitably tailored to meet the specific requirements of heavy-duty vehicles. Moreover
Aliberti, PaoloBove, GiovanniSorrentino, Marco
The need to reduce vehicle-related emissions in the great cities has led to a progressive electrification of urban mobility. For this reason, during the last decades, the powertrain adopted for urban buses has been gradually converted from conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), diesel, or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), to hybrid or pure electric. However, the complete electrification of Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in the next years looks to be still challenging therefore, a more viable solution to decarbonize urban transport is the hybrid powertrain. In this context, the paper aims to assess, through numerical simulations, the benefits of a series hybrid-electric powertrain designed for an urban bus, in terms of energy consumption, and pollutants emissions. Particularly a Diesel engine, fueled with pure hydrogen, is considered as a range extender. The work is specifically focused on the design of the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) of the series-hybrid powertrain, by comparing
Nacci, GianlucaCervone, DavideFrasci, EmmanueleLAKSHMANAN, Vinith KumarSciarretta, AntonioArsie, Ivan
Sustainable mobility is a pressing challenge for modern society. Electrification of transportation is a key step towards decarbonization, and hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs) offer a promising alternative to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), especially for long-range applications: they combine a battery system with a fuel cell, which provides onboard electric power through the conversion of hydrogen. Paramount importance is then given to the design and sizing of the hybrid powertrain for achieving a compromise between high performance, efficiency, and low cost. This work presents a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) platform developed for designing and testing the powertrain layout of an FCHEV. The platform comprises two systems: a simulation model reproducing the dynamics of a microcar and a hardware system for the fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain. The former simulates the vehicle's behavior, while the latter is composed of a 2kW real fuel cell stack and a 100Ah Li-ion
Bartolucci, LorenzoCennamo, EdoardoCordiner, StefanoDonnini, MarcoGrattarola, FedericoMulone, Vincenzo
Electrification or hybridization of commercial vehicles offers a promising avenue for mitigating emissions in urban environments. This concept is particularly applicable to waste collection vehicles, which move in urban contexts along repeatedly chosen driving cycles. Municipal waste collection and transport are functional tasks which have a significant impact on the urban environment in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In this work, the evaluation of a full-electric powertrain was carried out for a small size waste collection vehicle operating in the historic center of the city of Perugia (Italy). First, the vehicle model was developed and validated against literature data using a full-electric powertrain. The model allows to evaluate energy consumption and system efficiency considering the real driving path and the mass variation due to the waste collected during the route. Real driving data (position, slope, collection stops) were obtained through an experimental
Zembi, JacopoBistoni, LorenzoCinti, GiovanniCastellani, BeatriceBattistoni, Michele
Abstract As an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, the road freight sector plays a significant role when it comes to reaching global climate goals. Due to the requirements regarding payloads and ranges, the transition towards zero emissions is particularly challenging in this sector. A technical solution that can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are electrified semi-trailer systems. These vehicles can be combined with conventional tractor vehicles in order to reduce their fuel consumption and CO2 footprint, as well as with tractor vehicles with alternative powertrains to increase their driving range. In this paper, a simulation study that evaluates the potentials of different configurations for such a system is performed. In the first part the general working principle of an electrified trailer is described. This includes a cloud based predictive energy management system that was used during the simulations. Based on a general vehicle model, the
Knaup, LarsBeidl, Christian
Electric and hybrid powertrains are steadily gaining popularity, showcasing their efficacy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, particularly in urban environments. This also applies to medium and heavy-duty vocational trucks. Truck manufacturers have been expanding their electrified portfolio and some of them have already announced their plans to phase out fossil fuels. Vocational trucks are essential for the industry of commercial vehicles, represent an extremely heterogeneous class, and are often upfitted by third-party companies. In general, vocational trucks are designed for specific jobs. Typically, they are driven on short routes, but they may work for longer hours in comparison to freight transportation vehicles. Most importantly, among the broad category of vocational trucks, some vehicles greatly exploit power take-offs to drive auxiliary systems, like refuse trucks, utility trucks, cement trucks, and sweeper trucks. The benefits resulting from the kinetic
Beltrami, DanieleVillani, ManfrediIora, PaoloRizzoni, GiorgioUberti, Stefano
Electric vehicle thermal management system is essential for electric vehicles to guarantee cabin thermal comfort and battery appropriate operating temperature. As a matter of fact, in such systems, high- and low-temperature driving conditions can severely affect system performance, in terms of overall efficiency and driving range. In this context, an effective thermal management solution both for cabin thermal comfort and battery heating/cooling is investigated in this paper. A key innovation is the deep integration of the HVAC and battery heating/cooling circuits. Primarily, in winter scenario, the heat generated by the powertrain during operation is used to warm the cabin, thereby mitigating the necessity for additional electric cabin heating. This way, despite the inclusion of an extra heat exchanger, a consistent amount of heat can be recovered and the use of the battery energy for electrical heating activation is significantly reduced, as already presented by the authors in a
Chiappini, DanieleTribioli, LauraLombardi, Simone
A challenge of public transportation GPS data is the frequent utilization of monitoring systems with low sampling rates, primarily driven by the high costs associated with cellular data transmission of large datasets. Altitude data is often imprecise or not recorded at all in regions without large elevation changes. The low data quality limits the use of the data for further detailed investigations like a realistic energy consumption forecast for assessing the electrical grid load resulting from charging the vehicle fleet. Modern research often reconstructs speed data only, or uses additional GPS loggers, which is associated with increased costs in the vehicle fleet. The importance of precise and high-quality altitude data and specialized expertise in mountainous regions are frequently overlooked. This paper introduces an efficient new route matching method to reconstruct speed and respective road slope data of a GPS signal sampled at low frequency for a public transportation electric
Hitz, ArneKonzept, AnjaReick, BenediktRheinberger, Klaus
Eco-driving algorithms use the available information about traffic and route conditions to optimize the vehicle speed and achieve enhanced energy consumption while fulfilling a travel time constraint. Depending on what information is available, when it becomes accessible, and the level of automation of the vehicle, different energy savings can be achieved. In their basic formulation, eco-driving algorithms only leverage static information to evaluate the optimal speed, such as posted speed limits and location of stop signs. More advanced algorithms may also consider dynamic information, such as the speed of the preceding vehicle and Signal Phase and Timing of traffic lights, thus achieving higher energy efficiency. The objective of the proposed work is to develop an eco-driving algorithm that can optimize energy consumption by leveraging not only static route information, but also dynamic macroscopic traffic conditions, which are assumed to be available in real-time through
Villani, ManfrediShiledar, AnkurBlock, BrianSpano, MatteoRizzoni, Giorgio
The topic of decarbonisation involves improvements of hybrid vehicles powertrains design, from fuel type, powertrain components sizing and configuration up to control strategies. To reduce the emission of pollutants due to the combustion of traditional fuels, manufacturers are moving towards the use of “green fuels”, such as green hydrogen. In this context, the series hybrid vehicles demonstrate excellent potential: they can be equipped with hydrogen-fuelled combustion engines as range extenders, which can operate at optimal conditions without suffering from extreme transient manoeuvres. A suitable design of the control strategy of vehicle powertrain is mandatory to optimally manage the power split between range extender and battery, considering features and operating limits of both components according to power constraints. This paper proposes an Energy Management Strategy (EMS), derived from an optimal approach suitable for online applications, which accounts for the key points
Cervone, DavideSicilia, MassimoPandolfi, AlfonsoPolverino, PierpaoloSementa, PaoloArsie, IvanPianese, Cesare
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