Browse Topic: Energy management

Items (2,799)
Abstract This paper analyzes the system-level state of health (SOH) and its dependence on the SOHs of the battery modules within the battery system. Due to the stochastic nature of battery aging processes and their dependance on charge/discharge, depth, temperature, and environment conditions, prior or long-term prediction of each module’s SOH is difficult. Based on estimated SOHs of battery modules during battery operation, we demonstrate how the SOH of the entire system decays when battery modules age and become increasingly diversified in their maximum ampere-hour capacities. System-level energy efficiency is analyzed. It is shown that by using battery reconfiguration after a length of service, the overall battery usable capacities can be utilized more efficiently, leading to extended operational ranges of the battery system. Analysis methods and simulation studies are presented
Wang, Le YiYin, GeorgeDing, Yi
In non-cooperative environments, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have to land without artificial markers, which is a key step towards achieving full autonomy. However, the existing vision-based schemes have the common problems of poor robustness and generalization, and the LiDAR-based schemes have the disadvantages of low resolution, high power consumption and high weight. In this paper, we propose an UAV landing system equipped with a binocular camera to preform 3D reconstruction and select the safe landing zone. The whole system only consists of a stereo camera, and the innovation of the solution is fusing the stereo matching algorithm and monocular depth estimation(MDE) model to get a robust prediction on the metric depth. The whole landing system consists of a stereo matching module, a monocular depth estimation (MDE) module, a depth fusion module, and a safe landing zone selection module. The stereo matching module uses Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm to calculate the
Zhou, YiBiaoZhang, BiHui
ABSTRACT The diverse range of military vehicles and operational conditions share a number of powertrain objectives including high fuel efficiency and fuel adaptability to lessen the logistical impact of conflict; low heat rejection to minimize the cooling system losses, vulnerability and powertrain package space; tractive power delivery to provide superior mobility for the vehicle; and light weight to allow for more armor to be used and/or payload to be carried. This paper first provides an overview of the operational powertrain requirements of military vehicles. A review the processes used to integrate powertrain components into an optimized system specifically developed for modern combat vehicle applications is then provided, including an example of how the process was employed to develop an advanced powertrain for a tactical vehicle demonstrator based on military optimized off-the-shelf components. The paper concludes with a summary of some further military specific engine and
Hunter, Gary
ABSTRACT The main goal of this paper is to report recent progress on two example projects supported within the Ground Robotics Reliability Center (GRRC), a TARDEC supported research center headquartered at the University of Michigan. In the first project, the concept of Velocity Occupancy Space (VOS), a new navigation algorithm that allows a robot to operate using only a range finding sensor in an unknown environment was developed. This method helps a mobile robot to avoid stationary and moving obstacles while navigating towards a target. The second project highlighted is related to energy and power requirement of mobile robots. Hazardous terrains pose challenges to the operation of mobile robots. To enable their safe and efficient operations, it is necessary to detect the terrain type and to modify operation and control strategies in real-time. A research project supported by GRRC has developed a closed-form wheel-soil model. Computational efficiency of this model is improved by
Peng, HueiUlsoy, A. Galip
ABSTRACT The analysis and design of a novel active suspension system incorporating a negative stiffness spring are investigated in this paper. The suspension structure consists of the mechanism that employs a combination of ordinary and negative stiffness springs and damping element. The resulting system yields superior performance in terms of mobility, maneuverability, and stability, particularly in harsh terrains and/or off-road environment. However, its dynamics are highly nonlinear and cannot be handled directly by conventional design techniques and methodologies. In this paper, the formulation of the proposed active suspension system consists of two phases: analysis and synthesis. In the analysis phase, nonlinear controls based on the advanced feedback linearization methodologies of the differential geometric theory is considered. The approach renders the difficult task of developing nonlinear controls rather simple. In the synthesis phase, which is required for real-world
Loh, Robert N. K.Thanom, WittBrock, Derrick
ABSTRACT The US Army is seeking improvements in the fuel efficiency of their military vehicles.. They have initiated a number of R&D projects aimed at advancing the state-of-the-art of powertrain efficiency including demonstration in a laboratory environment. This effort will set a benchmark for the vehicle integrators, allowing them to improve future vehicle offerings. The SAIC, AVL, Badenoch, QinetiQ and Ker-Train Research team offered powertrain solutions from 7 Tons to 40 Tons that achieved the goal of 44% thermal efficiency and the stringent flexible fuel and emissions requirements. In each of these offerings the team was able to identify modifications to existing engines that allowed dramatic improvements in the thermal efficiency. These efficiency improvements were achieved through a combination of techniques, combustion cycle adjustments using in-cylinder pressure monitoring and precise control of fuel injector timing, and turbo-compounding. For the R&D project, the fuel
McDowell, JimHunter, Gary L.Hennessy, Chris
ABSTRACT Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) leverage onboard sensing and external connectivity using Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies to "know" the upcoming operating environment with some degree of certainty, significantly narrowing prior information gaps. These technologies have been traditionally developed and used for driver assistance and safety but are now being used to operate the vehicle more efficiently [1–5]. The eco-driving algorithm, which leverages the data available through these streams, performs two key functions: (1) acceleration smoothing and (2) eco-approach and departure (Eco-AND) at signalized intersections. The algorithm uses information from neighboring vehicles and signalized intersections to calculate an energy-efficient speed trajectory. This paper presents the development of an Android-based driver advisory application that leverages cellular Internet connectivity and Traffic
Bhagdikar, PiyushGankov, StasRengarajan, SankarSarlashkar, JayantHotz, Scott
ABSTRACT The demand for electrical power in ground combat vehicles has been consistently increasing over the years. In the years to come, abundant onboard electrical power, along with a modernized power system to manage and distribute it, will enable leap ahead capabilities for the warfighter. A carefully architected electrical power system will also help to improve fuel efficiency while reducing maintenance and logistics burden
Haynes, AricSpina, JasonSchwartz, EdHamilton, George
ABSTRACT To realize the full potential of simulation-based evaluation and validation of autonomous ground vehicle systems, the next generation of modeling and simulation (M&S) solutions must provide real-time closed-loop environments that feature the latest physics-based modeling approaches and simulation solvers. Real-time capabilities enable seamless integration of human-in/on-the-loop training and hardware-in-the-loop evaluation and validation studies. Using an open modular architecture to close the loop between the physics-based solvers and autonomy stack components allows for full simulation of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) for comprehensive development, training, and testing of artificial intelligence vehicle-based agents and their human team members. This paper presents an introduction to a Proof of Concept for such a UGV M&S solution for severe terrain environments with a discussion of simulation results and future research directions. This conceptual approach features: 1
Misko, SamuelFree, ArnoldSivashankar, ShivaKluge, TorstenVantsevich, VladimirHirshkorn, MartinMorales, AndresBrascome, James MichaelRose, ShaylaBowen, NicZhang, SiyanGhasemi, MasoodGardner, StevenFiorini, PierreMaddela, MadhurimaJayakumar, ParamsothyGorsich, DavidManning, ChrisThurau, MatthiasRueddenklau, NicoZachariah, GibinDennis, EvaCostello, Ian
ABSTRACT Determining the required power for the tractive elements of off-road vehicles has always been a critical aspect of the design process for military vehicles. In recent years, military vehicles have been equipped with hybrid, diesel-electric drives to improve stealth capabilities. The electric motors that power the wheel or tracks require an accurate estimation of the power and duty cycle for a vehicle during certain operating conditions. To meet this demand, a GPS-based mobility power model was developed to predict the duty cycle and energy requirements of off-road vehicles. The dynamic vehicle parameters needed to estimate the forces developed during locomotion are determined from the GPS data, and these forces include the following: the gravitational, acceleration, motion resistance, aerodynamic drag, and drawbar forces. Initial application of the mobility power concept began when three U.S. military’s Stryker vehicles were equipped with GPS receivers while conducting a
Ayers, PaulBozdech, George
ABSTRACT Rechargeable Li-ion batteries such as BB-2590 are critical energy storage devices used for military applications. While these devices can have energy densities exceeding 150 Wh/kg, this energy is difficult to fully access in pulsed and high power applications due to the relatively slow kinetics associated with their redox processes1. As the demands for power and energy increase in the battlefield soldiers to access to new power and energy sources rapidly. Energy efficiency and recharge rates are critical for maintaining and sustaining equipment and communications. Supercapacitors are a class of electrochemical energy-storage device that could complement batteries in hybrid energy storage systems for applications in military and transportation, and load-leveling or uninterruptible power supply. In terms of their specific energy and specific power, supercapacitors partially fill the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. Accordingly, these devices can improve the
Alexander, LeslieChoi, SaeminSiegel, JasonThompson, Levi
Internet of vehicles (IoV) system as a typical application scenario of smart city, trajectory planning is one of the key technologies of the system. However, there are some unstructured spaces such as road shoulders and slopes pose challenges for trajectory planning of connected-automated vehicle (CAV). Therefore, this paper addresses the problem of CAV trajectory planning affected by unstructured space. Firstly, based on cyber-physical system (CPS), the cyber-physical trajectory planning system (CPTPS) framework was built. A high-precision digital twin CAV is established based on the physical properties and geometric constraints of CAV, and the digital model is mapped to cyber space of the CPTPS. In order to further reduce the energy consumption of the CAV during driving and the time spent from the start to the end, a model was established. Further, based on the sand cat swarm hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (SCSHPSO), global path planning for connected-automated vehicles
Ma, ShiziMa, ZhitaoShi, YingYang, ZhongkaiLai, DaoyinQi, Zhiguo
ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Defense faces growing fuel demand, resulting in increasing costs and compromised operational capability. In response to this issue, the Fuel Efficient Ground Vehicle Demonstrator (FED) program was initiated in order to demonstrate a tactical vehicle with significantly greater fuel efficiency than a Humvee while maintaining capability. This article provides an overview of a systems engineering methodology for maximizing fuel efficiency and its application in concept development for the FED program. Engineering tools and methods used include tradespace definition, provisional baseline product models, decomposition of energy expenditure over the product usage cycle, structured technology market surveys, complex systems modeling & simulation tools, and design space exploration / Pareto optimization. The methodology explores the impact of technology on fuel efficiency along with other aspects of vehicle development including drive cycle definition
Luskin, PaulBerlin, Robert
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss via case study both military and civilian hybrid vehicle development focusing on the processes required from the selection of the hybrid propulsion system architecture, component down-selection using advanced modeling and simulation tools, body/chassis development and integration, design verification testing using an advanced dynamometer test facility, and final full vehicle validation on the test track. The paper will incorporate results from the FED (Fuel Efficiency Demonstrator) program where AVL is responsible in collaboration with World Technical Services Inc., for delivering a fully developed hybrid propulsion system integrated into the demonstrator vehicle
Deweerdt, ThomasLiao, Gene
ABSTRACT A thermodynamics-based Vehicle Thermal Management System (VTMS) model for a heavy-duty, off-road vehicle with a series hybrid electric powertrain is developed to analyze the thermal behavior of the powertrain system and investigate the power consumption under different vehicle driving conditions. The simulation approach consists of two steps: first, a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV) powertrain is modeled; the output data of the powertrain system simulation are then fed into a cooling system model to provide the operating conditions of the powertrain components. Guidelines for VTMS configuration was developed based on the vehicle simulation results and the operating conditions of powertrain components. Based on the guidelines, a VTMS configuration for the hybrid vehicle was created and used for designs of experiments to identify the factors that affect the performance and power consumption of each cooling system. Design space exploration techniques are then applied to
Park, S.Kokkolaras, M.Malikopoulos, A.AbdulNour, B.Sedarous, J.Jung, D.
ABSTRACT Although bio-inspired legged robots have advantageous mobility, they can be very inefficient. Their intrinsic walking mobility is sometimes outweighed by the inefficiency of their drive-train. Some of these inefficiencies are due to collision losses, but they are also due to suboptimal powering schemes. This paper addresses the powering schemes and seeks to clearly delineate an optimal solution to powering the walking motion of a two-legged or biped walker. We examine a simplified model of locomotion called the “rocket car” to extract the meaningful parameters that affect time and energy cost. Using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, we dissect the cost function, the state equation, co-state equation, and control input constraints to describe the optimal control. The result of the paper shows a “bang-off” control, and we describe the “coasting line” between these extremes. It is not possible to find a complete closed-form solution for the problem, and numerical methods, such as
Muench, PaulCheok, Ka C
ABSTRACT New generations of ground vehicles are required to perform tasks with an increased level of autonomy. Autonomous navigation and Artificial Intelligence on the edge are growing fields that require more sensors and more computational power to perform these missions. Furthermore, new sensors in the market produce better quality data at higher rates while new processors can increase substantially the computational power. Therefore, near-future ground vehicles will be equipped with large number of sensors that will produce data at rates that has not been seen before, while at the same time, data processing power will be significantly increased. This new scenario of advanced ground vehicles applications and increase in data amount and processing power, has brought new challenges with it: low determinism, excessive power needs, data losses and large response latency. In this article, a novel approach to on-board artificial intelligence (AI) is presented that is based on state-of-the
Ghiglino, PabloHarshe, Mandar
ABSTRACT The work presented in this contribution demonstrates the results of the verification and validation efforts of simulation versus test of the mobility of a light tactical vehicle, the Fuel Efficiency Demonstrator, FED-Alpha. The simulations are the contribution to the Cooperate Demonstration of Technology (CDT) of Next Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model as performed by the Aarhus University (AU) team using Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL) ROver Analysis, Modeling and Analysis Software ROAMS. The work demonstrates hard surface automotive tests as well as soft soil tire-terrain terramechanics tests such as drawbar pull on fine and coarse grained soils and a variable sand slope test on coarse grained soil. Furthermore, a traverse of mixed terrain types and the results of a developed off-road driver model are shown as a demonstrator of Next-Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model simulation capability. Citation: O. Balling, M. Rydahl-Haastrup, L. Bendtsen, F. Homaa, C. Lim
Balling, OleRydahl-Haastrup, MortenBendtsen, LouiseHomaa, FrederikLim, Christopher S.Gaut, AaronJain, Abhinandan
ABSTRACT An inverse dynamics approach is applied to assess the relationship and establish an adjustable balance between acceleration performance, slip energy efficiency, and mobility margins of a wheel of a vehicle with four wheels individually-driven by electric DC motors. The time history of the reference wheel torques are recovered which would enable the motion at the desired linear velocity. Target velocity profiles are applied which provide different rates of acceleration. The profiles are simulated in stochastic terrain conditions which represent continuously changing, uncertain terrain characteristics with various quality of rolling resistance and peak friction coefficient. A wheel mobility margin is determined to track how close a driving wheel is to immobilization. When moving in drastically changing stochastic terrain conditions, boundaries are adjusted to accommodate changes in the resistance to motion in order to guarantee the motion while not exceeding limits which would
Paldan, JesseVantsevich, VladimirGorsich, DavidJayakumar, ParamsothyMoradi, Lee
ABSTRACT A retrofittable intelligent vehicle performance and fuel economy maximization system would have widespread application to military tactical and non-tactical ground vehicles as well as commercial vehicles. Barron Associates, Inc. and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) recently conducted a research effort in collaboration with the U.S. Army RDECOM to demonstrate the feasibility of a Fuel Usage Monitor and Economizer (FUME) – an open architecture vehicle monitoring and fuel efficiency optimization system. FUME features two primary components: (1) vehicle and engine health monitoring and (2) real-time operational guidance to maximize fuel efficiency and extend equipment life given the current operating conditions. Key underlying FUME technologies include mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, real-time adaptive parameter estimation, model-based diagnostics, and intelligent usage monitoring. The research included demonstration of the underlying FUME technologies applied to a
Burkholder, Jason O.Ostrowski, Gregory J.Beck, Christopher S.
ABSTRACT PEO CS&CSS and CCDC GVSC, in partnership with Industry partners, are working to ensure the next generation of power generation sets and tactical wheeled vehicle systems maximize the usage of COTS, are compatible with Industry Standards, are supportable, and have growth potential to meet the needs of our Soldiers. Increasing regulations on emissions worldwide will impact commercial availability of high sulfur fuel / Jet Propulsion (JP)-8 compatible engines. It is recommended that the Army relook its regulation for JP-8 as the single fuel on the battlefield, in comparison to the potential cost of modifying COTS powertrains or procuring military unique engines in the next generation of tactical wheeled vehicles and power generation sets. The Army will realize additional performance with the ability to procure modern commercial powertrain technology, including potential improvements in power density and fuel efficiency. The Army should also consider operational requirements that
Tromley, ErinSchihl, PeterDusenbury, JamesKeusch, JosephKler, TimothyBanks, ThomasPatel, Rakesh
ABSTRACT Saft has continued to develop lithium-ion replacement batteries for the traditional lead-acid batteries for use in military vehicles. Saft’s 24 volt Xcelion 6T® delivers power at high rate that surpasses the delivered capacity of two lead-acid batteries. The battery design is tailored to support high rates, even at extreme cold temperatures, to support the mission needs for silent watch and starting for military vehicles. An additional design variant is now available, the Xcelion 6T Energy, to provide 30% more energy while still delivering excellent cranking capability. Both products are industrialized and in use in large new vehicle programs. Additionally, development continues on a MIL-PRF-32565 compliant version with release to market expected in 2019
Ferguson, ScottBrenner, CandiceCox, JasmineHensley, KeithRuth, Nicole
ABSTRACT The dynamic response of two multibody systems, a planar mechanism and a spatial robot, are generated using an explicit time integration finite element code and a multi-body dynamics code. Comparisons are made of the dynamic solution including body motion, joint constraint forces, conservation of energy, and CPU time. While finite-element simulation offers accurate modeling of structural flexibility, multibody dynamic simulation demonstrates the capability to produce accurate and efficient results
Jayakumar, ParamsothyWasfy, Tamer
ABSTRACT A distinctive feature of unmanned and conventional terrain vehicles with four or more driving wheels consists of the fact that energy/fuel efficiency and mobility depend markedly not only on the total power applied to all the driving wheels, but also on the distribution of the total power among the wheels. As shown, under given terrain conditions, the same vehicle with a constant total power at all the driving wheels, but with different power distributions among the driving wheels, will demonstrate different fuel consumption, mobility and traction; the vehicle will accelerate differently and turn at different turn radii. This paper explains the nature of mechanical wheel power losses which depend on the power distribution among all the driving wheels and provides mathematical models for evaluating vehicle fuel economy and mobility. The paper also describes in detail analytical technology and computational results of the optimization of wheel power distributions among the
Vantsevich, Vladimir V.Gray, Jeremy P.
ABSTRACT Vehicle electrification technology has demonstrated its effectiveness for passenger vehicles, mainly due to environmental performance needs to meet fuel economy and green-house-gas emissions standards. Military vehicles require, among other specific features, not only the ability to move undetected but to perform at the lowest combined fuel and energy consumption possible. An experimental prototype HMMWV XM1124 with a series hybrid powertrain, which provides the ability for electric mode only and hybrid operation for reducing fuel consumption, is being investigated. The aim of this paper is to create a model of XM1124, validate it and utilize it to analyze the effect of vehicle electric range and performance. Additionally, the validated model allows evaluation of various operating strategies and hardware configurations for reducing the fuel consumption and improving vehicle performance
Gauchía, A.Worm, J.Davis, C.Naber, J.
ABSTRACT This paper presents energy management strategy that includes a novel power split and optimization approach for the FED BRAVO program. AVL is responsible for developing and delivering the full hybrid propulsion system integrated into the Fuel Efficient Demonstrator (FED) Bravo vehicle, designed by PRIMUS. The developed energy management algorithm calculates component energy availability, driver demanded torque and manages the distribution of power between propulsion components. This includes a real-time, road load calculated power split between the three propulsion sources, namely Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) and Front Motor (FMOT). Additionally, unique challenges of power split arose between the different propulsion sources due to the particular powertrain architecture selected for this vehicle i.e. a combined through the road and parallel hybrid structure. Specifically, the paper will discuss via case study the road load based power
Holtz, Jeffery BUppal, Faisal J
ABSTRACT In this paper we present an intelligent power controller for a vehicle power system that employs multiple power sources. In particular we focus on a vehicle power system architecture that is used in vehicles such as Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle. These vehicles are designed to survive IED (Improvised Explosive Devices) attacks and ambushes. The power system has the following major components: a “clean” bus, a “dirty” bus, an engine, a hydraulic system and a switch between the clean and the dirty bus. We developed algorithms for intelligent energy management for this type of vehicle power system including DP (Dynamic Programming) optimization, DP online control and a machine learning technique that combines neural networks with DP to train an intelligent power controller. We present experiments conducted through modeling and simulation using a generic commercial software tool and a lab hardware setup
Chen, ZhihangMurphey, Yi L.Chen, ZhengMasrur, AbulMi, Chris
ABSTRACT A novel energy management strategy has been developed by AVL Powertrain Engineering, Inc. (PEI) that includes a unique power split and optimization approach and is used successfully for the FED BRAVO program. In this program, AVL is responsible for developing and delivering the full hybrid propulsion system integrated into the Fuel Efficient Demonstrator (FED) Bravo vehicle, designed by PRIMUS. This paper presents control system development and tuning using both simulations and vehicle testing carried out at multiple proving grounds. It summarizes important lessons learnt, in particular balancing fuel economy and drivability. It presents correlation results of AVL CRUISE simulations with data from vehicle testing at Chelsea Proving Grounds (CPG) and Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG
Holtz, Jeffery BUppal, Faisal JCook, Andrew
ABSTRACT A sudden increase in microgrid electrical power consumption requires the fast supply of energy from different generating sources to guarantee microgrid voltage stability. This paper presents the results of simulations investigating the integration of an electric supercharger into a Heavy Duty Diesel (HDD) genset connected to a microgrid for reducing engine speed droop in response to an abrupt power demand requested from the grid. First, a mean value model for the 13 L HDD engine is used to study the response of the baseline turbocharged engine during a fast load increase at low engine speed. The limited air mass in the cylinder during the transient results in engine lugging and ultimately engine stall. Then, an electrical supercharger is integrated before the turbocharger compressor to increase the engine air charge. During steady state operation, the simulation results indicate that the supercharger is able to increase the air-charge by approximately 50% over the lower half
Salehi, RasoulMartz, JasonStefanopoulou, AnnaRizzo, DeniseMcGrew, DeanHansen, Taylor
ABSTRACT ACT's non-catalytic, sulfur-tolerant “Swiss-roll” reforming technology is an effective way to provide the required reformate composition for the Army’s SOFC system. This technology will enable DoD to implement efficient and low acoustic signature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system in the field and satisfy the Single Fuel Policy. While the high sulfur content of JP-8 and coke formation pose significant challenges for catalytic-based reforming systems, the thermal partial oxidation based reformer is comparatively less complex, highly compact, lightweight and requires minimal power consumption. These advantages allow for a fuel cell fed with JP-8 be implemented in a transportable system, such as ground vehicle, with low acoustic signature for the US Army
Chen, Chien-HuaPearlman, HowardZelinsky, RyanCrawmer, JoelRichard, BradleyRonney, Paul
ABSTRACT Increased fuel efficiency in military vehicles today results in two primary positive impacts to operational conditions. The first is the reduction in cost; both as a result of reduced fuel consumed and also in the costs saved due to the reduction in logistics required to transport fuel to the Warfighter in the field. The second and more important positive impact is the reduced risk of casualties to the Warfighter by reducing the frequency of fuel related logistical support required in the field. This paper first provides an overview of the development of the Fuel Efficient Demonstrator (FED) Bravo vehicle from initial conceptual efforts through to final operational shake-out and performance testing. A review the development process from CAD modeling through to fabrication and testing will be discussed. This discussion will also focus on the unique methods and ideas used to address the particular challenges encountered in developing a demonstrator vehicle. The paper concludes
Card, BrandonTodd, StevenBuchholz, William
ABSTRACT Multiple optimization controls are associated with autonomous vehicles’ movement. These control systems are employed to enhance the comfort of passengers in commercial vehicles or to avoid enemy areas for unmanned military convoys. However, having multiple objectives for optimization can greatly enhance the perception and applicability of these algorithms. This paper involves demonstrating a multi-layered optimization framework which can achieve both and efficiently navigate autonomous vehicles. Other than the primary objective of reducing the probability of intersection crashes, minimizing individual vehicle delay and additionally minimizing energy consumption are the objectives of this example. Primarily this application consists of two parts: a multi-objective optimization framework and individual mathematical models that define vehicle parameters at intersections including vehicle dynamics model and vehicle energy consumption models. Such optimization framework could
Kamalanathsharma, RajZohdy, Ismail
ABSTRACT Propulsion systems for military applications, especially for ground combat vehicles, operate in harsh environments and must fulfill a long list of challenging technical requirements. High power density, fuel efficiency, multi-fuel capability, reliability and serviceability are only a few of the top level requirements that cascade down to many sub-system requirements. As part of the Combat Vehicle Prototyping (CVP) program, the US Military is focusing on opposed piston engine technology to meet the requirements for the Advanced Combat Engine (ACE). Globally, opposed piston engines have no considerable presence in commercial applications and have been mostly replaced for military applications. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges with opposed piston engine technology and introduces an advanced high-performance 4-stroke engine solution as alternative for the ACE
Franke, MichaelKoehler, ErikTomazic, Dean
ABSTRACT VanDyne SuperTurbo Inc. has recently completed Phase I of an Army SBIR project entitled “Diesel Waste Heat Recovery Utilizing a SuperTurbocharger”. The project focused on modeling a SuperTurbocharger for a specific Army application and evaluating the potential benefits from a single device capable of supercharging, turbocharging and turbocompounding. The modeling effort resulted in predicted efficiency gains from both air flow management and mechanical waste heat recovery. Additionally, the modeling program revealed additional engine power available that was inaccessible with the engine’s current turbocharged configuration. This paper will cover the fundamentals of the technology, the Phase I engine modeling results and the path forward for the Phase II prototype testing project
VanDyne, EdWaldron, Thomas
ABSTRACT The need for current and future military vehicles to include more powerful and efficient powertrains is critical to both improving operational performance and reducing logistical burden. VanDyne SuperTurbo Inc. is working jointly with TARDEC and OEM partners to develop and field a revolutionary technology that simultaneously increases available engine power and reduces overall fuel consumption. The ability to incorporate efficient supercharging will allow vehicles to accelerate faster in combat situations and accept a heavier load. The ability to mechanically recover waste heat energy will allow vehicles to improve their operational range and reduce the Class III supply chain. SuperTurbo technology additionally reduces visible soot emissions and is transferable to gensets and other equipment. The end result of fielding this kind of capability will be a force protection multiplier that equips the warfighter with better performing systems
Waldron, ThomasVanDyne, EdBrown, Jared
Abstract Saft America, inc. Space and Defense Division (SDD), located in Cockeysville, Maryland, is the world leader in providing state of the art lithium ion systems for the demanding defense and space markets. Saft has been manufacturing batteries at its facility in Cockeysville for over 26 years. The major focus of the facility today is large format high power lithium ion cells and battery systems for defense applications. Saft SDD has been developing lithium ion cells and batteries since 1993. Recent efforts have focused on the industrialization of the technology for use in military hybrid vehicles. Since 2004 Saft SDD has been developing US based manufacturing capability of the entire cell and battery manufacturing processes. This effort is focused under the ManTech program with TARDEC. Overall goals of the program are aimed at improving the technology readiness to support the production of military hybrid vehicles, with areas of focus on improved performance, reliability
Ferguson, ScottNechev, KamenKelley, Dan
ABSTRACT The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Methodology Study was conducted by the Automotive Instrumentation Division, US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, from June 2006 through August 2009. The program objectives were to develop a test protocol that can be used to evaluate the fuel consumption characteristics of a hybrid electric vehicle regardless of weight class, battery chemistry, and/or driveline configuration, and to characterize the performance of currently developed hybrid vehicles and tactical wheeled vehicle prototypes with regard to fuel consumption and energy usage. Eleven hybrids and eight conventional vehicles were provided for the methodology study. Fuel consumption tests were conducted on a wide spectrum of terrains ranging from level paved road surfaces to hilly cross country secondary road surfaces. Test vehicles were operated over the full range of speed capabilities on each of the terrain scenarios. Results for ground
Taylor, Wayne T.
ABSTRACT One of the main thrusts in current Army Science & Technology (S&T) activities is the development of occupant-centric vehicle structures that make the operation of the vehicle both comfortable and safe for the soldiers. Furthermore, a lighter weight vehicle structure is an enabling factor for faster transport, higher mobility, greater fuel conservation, higher payload, and a reduced ground footprint of supporting forces. Therefore, a key design challenge is to develop lightweight occupant-centric vehicle structures that can provide high levels of protection against explosive threats. In this paper, concepts for using materials, damping and other mechanisms to design structures with unique dynamic characteristics for mitigating blast loads are investigated. The Dynamic Response Index (DRI) metric [1] is employed as an occupant injury measure for determining the effectiveness of the each blast mitigation configuration that is considered. A model of the TARDEC Generic V-Hull
Jiang, WeiranVlahopoulos, NickolasCastanier, Matthew P.Thyagarajan, RaviMohammad, Syed
ABSTRACT General Dynamics Land Systems has developed an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) that provides 508A at 28VDC, for 14.2 KW. It is a stand-alone system, independent of the vehicle systems, except for utilizing vehicle fuel and vehicle batteries. Power is generated by a 570 amp alternator that is belt-driven by a diesel engine. It is load following which improves fuel efficiency and eliminates the probability of “wet stacking.” All the major components are commercially available and the APU is ready for production
Humble, Jeff
ABSTRACT Saft America, inc. Space and Defense Division (SDD), located in Cockeysville, Maryland, is the world leader in providing state of the art Li-ion systems for the demanding defense and space markets. Recent efforts have focused on the industrialization of the technology. Since 2004 Saft SDD has been developing a higher volume manufacturing capability of the entire cell and battery manufacturing processes. This effort is focused under two ManTech programs. The Army ManTech Program with TARDEC focuses on high power batteries for use in military ground vehicles. The USAF ManTech Program with AFRL focuses on ultra high power cells for use in aviation batteries. The goals of both programs are to industrialize the high performance technology so that they are available to the military as reliable products at an affordable cost, while improving the technology. Efforts to date have yielded improvements in performance, reliability, and cost. Advances have been realized for improving the
Ferguson, ScottNechev, KamenKelley, DanGoldwasser, Elisabeth
The objective of the project was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a hybrid electric tractor-semi-trailer combination prototype. The prototype was developed for log hauling application by integrating an existing tractor with an electric semi-trailer to improve fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the conventional axles of the quad axle semi-trailer was replaced with a drive axle powered by an electric motor. Tests were conducted on a 105 km test route with a maximum difference in elevation of 355 m, including a hilly section with a length of 89 km. The results indicated fuel savings ranging from 10.5% to 14% per test run, with an average fuel savings of 12% when the electric drive axle was engaged. The hybrid electric tractor semi-trailer consumed 17.5% less fuel up-hill and 9.4% less down-hill. Throughout each test run, the battery’s state of charge fluctuated, averaging between 88% at the start and 52% at the end. Prior to each run, the batteries were
Surcel, Marius-DorinMercier, SteveBonsi, Adime Kofi
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 2799