Browse Topic: Renewable energy

Items (347)
Ammonia has emerged as a promising alternative fuel for transportation because of its high energy density (NH3 has more hydrogen than propane in a similar size tank), simple and carbon-free combustion, and potential to produce sustainably. This paper investigates the feasibility of using ammonia as fuel for internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells in automotive applications. In many ways, ammonia captures these benefits by being produced from renewable energies and having the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. There are significant drawbacks of ammonia however, such as its decreased energy content per unit volume, NOx emissions potential, and necessary engine adaptations. This paper discusses the combustion characteristics of ammonia and how it functions in typical ICE's as well as new fuel cell technology, and the necessary infrastructure to produce, store, and distribute ammonia for automotive applications. The study compares operations to conventional fuels
Jadhav, AjinkyaBandyopadhyay, DebjyotiSutar, Prasanna SSonawane, Shailesh BalkrishnaRairikar, Sandeep DThipse, Sukrut S
Globally, the share of emissions from transport is 15%, out of which more than 2/3rd emissions are contributed by road transport as per 2014 report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The need of mitigation measures in transport sector has been realised however the study of life cycle emission needs to be done with the tailpipe emissions so that some holistic solution can be worked upon. Strikingly, in the life cycle studies of a passenger car, it was found that the share of raw materials related to copper is around 50% of the total amount of raw material used and the share of copper in the curb weight of vehicle is just 1%. Also, for an Internal Combustion Engine vehicle (ICE), mostly the copper is used in the wiring harness. In this paper, the life cycle assessment of wiring harness is done to understand the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle stages. The comparative study of aluminium alloy and copper has also been done to know the change in
Kumar, NamanBawase, MoqtikThipse, Sukrut
Road transport contributes 12% of India’s energy-related Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. It is one of the major source of air pollution in urban area. These vehicle related emissions has increased more than three times since 2000 which is mainly driven by rapid urbanization and the growing demand for private vehicles. If there is no shift away from fossil to renewables, climate change intensity and air quality challenges will increase. Among sustainable alternatives, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution. However, a comprehensive understanding of their environmental performance, particularly in the Indian context, is essential for informed decision-making. This study employs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to evaluate the environmental consequences of typical passenger vehicle with an gasoline/diesel powered vehicle compared to its EV powertrain covering Cradle-to-Grave life cycle phases. Key life cycle stages—manufacturing, transportation, distribution
Sonawane, NayanSathaye, AsmitaGode, AbhishekDeshpande, AshishShinde, HarshavardhanKothe, Anjali
The need for energy is ever increasing, though the dependency on renewable energy have increased, it is not sufficient to cater the demand. India is one of fastest developing country which depends on coal 55% for its total energy need. To achieve coal digging & transportation an underground mining vehicle has gained high importance. Underground mine environment is inherently dangerous due to various factors, including explosive and toxic gases, dust, and the potential for collapses. Thereby vehicles running in coal mines requires extreme safety features to safeguard its operator & coal mine workers. In India the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) under Government of India circulates notification to Manager of Coal and Metalliferous Mines & OEM, concerned about the minimum safety evaluations to be taken care for the mining trucks. It has been observed that there are significant inconsistencies in design practices for mining vehicles, with the presence of multiple, unverified
Babar, SagarAkbar Badusha, A
In the context of increasing global energy demand and growing concerns about climate change, the integration of renewable energy sources with advanced modelling technologies has become essential for achieving sustainable and efficient energy systems. Solar energy, despite its considerable potential, continues to face challenges related to performance variability, limited real-time insights, and the need for reactive maintenance. To overcome these barriers, this work presents a Digital Twin framework aimed at optimizing solar-integrated energy systems through real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and adaptive control. This work presents a Digital Twin framework designed to address the challenges of designing, operating, maintaining, and estimating renewable energy systems, specifically solar power, based on dynamic load demand. The framework enables real-time forecasting and prediction of energy outputs, ensuring systems operate efficiently and maintain peak performance across
R, AkashBurud, Priti RajuGumma, Muralidhar
The transportation sector faces heightened scrutiny to implement sustainable technologies due to market trends, escalating climate change and dwindling fossil fuel reserves. Given the decarbonization efforts underway in the sector, there are now rising concerns over the sustainability challenges in electric vehicle (EV) adoption. This study leverages ISO 14040 Lifecycle Assessment methodology to evaluate EVs, internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) spanning cradle-to-grave lifecycle phases. To accomplish this an enhanced triadic sustainability metric (TSM) is introduced that integrates greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), energy consumption, and resource depletion. Results indicate EVs emit approximately 29% fewer GHG emissions than ICEVs but about 4% more than HEVs on the current the US grid, with breakeven sustainability achieved within a moderate mileage range compared to ICEVs. Renewable energy integration on the grid significantly enhances EV
Koech, Mercy ChelangatFahimi, BabakBalsara, Poras T.Miller, John
This paper attempts to introduce a unique water transport system by using open-bottomed air tanks in a water transport vehicle and using horizontal buoyancy instead of vertical buoyancy. This study explains how a certain amount of horizontal buoyancy is generated by attaching open-bottomed air vessels to commonly used small watercraft. In contrast to the fact that vehicles generally require a lot of water for all water transport, this new mode of transport can use a minimal amount of water, as appropriate for the weight, through a sufficient literature survey. The proposed water–air–based vehicle integrates open-bottomed air vessels with a hydrofoil system to generate horizontal propulsion. A model analysis is conducted to explain how the horizontal buoyancy force generated by the air vessels is related to the vertical buoyancy force, and their values at different depths are tabulated. The vehicle model can achieve a maximum speed of 1.5 m/s, handling 20–70 kg payload, highlighting
Santhiyagu, Arulanantha Samy
Letter from the Guest Editors
Assanis, DimitrisCho, SeokwonLawler, BenjaminPintor, Dario Lopez
As countries race to expand renewable energy infrastructure, balancing clean electricity production with land use for food remains a pressing challenge — especially in Japan, where mountainous terrain limits space. A recent study led by researchers from the University of Tokyo explores a promising solution: integrating solar panels with traditional rice farming in a practice known as agrivoltaics.
The introduction of renewable energy systems offers the opportunity to achieve energy self-sufficiency or autarky in addition to contributing towards carbon neutrality by reducing the dependency on energy logistics. Amidst growing geo-political conflicts and natural calamities, the scenario of energy shortage or disruption of energy logistics is a major threat, especially for Europe due to the significant reliance on import of primary energy. Achieving autarky, however, requires a distinction between energy consumers that need uninterrupted energy supply and consumers that could potentially be cut-off during energy shortages to avoid prohibitive costs resulting from oversizing the system. Critical infrastructure such as hospitals, communication systems, emergency services and key mobility nodes like fuelling stations and charging points needed to sustain the services provided by them, always need continuous energy supply. The architecture in current tools for optimising the design and
Vijay, ArjunThaler, BernhardKöcheler, ValentinOppl, ThomasTrapp, Christian
This study aims to assess how alternative electrified powertrain technologies affect energy use for agricultural tractors in the Autonomie simulation tool. The goal of this study is also to assess the feasibility and performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines as a suitable alternative for the agricultural tractor powertrains. The energy consumption and efficiencies of alternative powertrains and fuel options are analyzed and compared across a variety of duty cycles using modeling and simulation methodologies. The considered alternative powertrains are series, parallel, power-split hybrid electric, fuel cell, and battery electric powertrains. The alternative fuel and powertrains are evaluated for their energy efficiency as well as their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve overall tractor performance in a variety of agricultural applications. Following a methodology developed by Argonne National Laboratory and Aramco Americas, the study applied prospective
Kim, NamdooYan, ZimingVijayagopal, RamJung, JaekwangHe, Xin
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are a promising technology for renewable power generation within various sectors, such as stationary power generation and heavy-duty mobile applications, due to their high energy conversion efficiency and lack of pollutant or carbon emissions. Despite these advantages, fuel cell adoption remains limited, partly due to the low durability, falling behind regulatory targets. With advancements being made across all components in fuel cell design in recent years, uniform flow distribution was identified as a key parameter for the longevity of fuel cells, requiring only small deviations within a few percent to prevent reactant shortages, localized hot spots, and cell failures. In commercially sized fuel cells, gas distribution zones using different architectures such as circular dots, shunts, or guide vanes are employed to optimize flow distribution. This study investigates circular dot matrix gas distribution zones using a newly developed parametric
Schuckert, MaximilianPrager, MaximilianHärtl, MartinJaensch, Malte
Power electronics are fundamental to sustainable electrification, enhancing energy, efficiency, integrating renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon emissions. In electric vehicles (EVs), power electronics is crucial for efficient energy conversion, management, and distribution. Key components like inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC converters optimize power from renewable sources to meet EV system requirements. In EVs, power electronics convert energy from the lithium-ion battery to the electric vehicle motor, with sufficient propulsion and regenerative braking. Inverters is used to transfer DC power from the lithium-ion eEV battery to alternating current for the motor, while DC-DC converters manage voltage levels for various vehicle systems. These components maximize EV energy efficiency, reduce energy losses, and extend driving range. Power electronics also support fast and efficient battery charging, critical for widespread EV adoption. Advanced charging solutions enable rapid
Pipaliya, Akash PravinbhaiHatkar, Chetan
With the publication of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) III in 2022, the European Union increased its renewable energy consumption target to 42.5% by 2030. Consequently, gaseous fuels derived from renewable electricity, particularly green hydrogen, are expected to play a pivotal role in the decarbonization of the energy sector. One promising application of green hydrogen is its integration into combined heat and power (CHP) plants, where it can replace natural gas to reduce CO2 emissions. Pure hydrogen as fuel or blended with natural gas has demonstrated potential for lowering both pollutant emissions and fuel consumption while maintaining or even enhancing engine performance. But it is expected, that the amount of available green hydrogen will be limited in the beginning. So new engine systems with hydrogen and natural gas for CHP plants are required, that offer more CO2-benefit and NOx reductioon than from fuel substitution only. In the LeanStoicH2 project, a novel approach was
Salim, NaqibBeltaifa, YoussefKettner, Maurice
Alcohol fuels, produced from renewable energy sources, are considered a crucial solution for achieving life-cycle carbon neutrality in internal combustion engines. The Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct-Injection Combustion Engine (BUSDICE) exhibits significant potential for high thermal efficiency with an aggressive downsizing design. In this study, a computational investigation was carried out to assess the spray mixing and combustion characteristics of BUSDICE fuelled with methanol and ethanol, compared with gasoline, under a high-load condition. The injection duration of methanol and ethanol is significantly longer than that of iso-octane, leading to incomplete evaporation. The mixture exhibits an “outer-rich, central-lean” stratification pattern due to the short mixing time and swirl flow transportation for all three fuels. However, the prolonged injection of methanol induces stronger turbulence, which can enhance the local mixing. The spatial mixture stratification, particularly
Feng, YizhuoLu, EnshenDong, ShuoKeshtkar, HosseinWang, XinyanZhao, Hua
Electricity is a fundamental necessity for individuals worldwide, serving as a force driving technological progress hitherto unimaginable. Electricity generation uses diverse methodologies based on available natural resources in a given geographic region. Conventional methods like thermal power from coal and natural gas, water-based hydropower, solar power from the sun, wind power, and nuclear power are used extensively, the former two being the dominant sources. The generation of nearly 70% of the world's electricity is estimated to be from thermal power plants; however, these operations lead to widespread environmental destruction, greenhouse emissions, and the occurrence of acid rain. Conventional thermal power plants run on the Rankine cycle principle of a boiler, a turbine, a condenser, and a pump. A similar method may be used in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with the use of solar energy, where heat is transferred to the working fluid in the boiler using a heat pipe, a passive
Deepan Kumar, SadhasivamKumar, VDhayaneethi, SivajiMahendran, MSaminathan, SathiskumarR, KarthickA, Vikasraj
New smart sensors can help detect dangerous internal failures in lithium-ion batteries before they escalate into fires or explosions, say researchers from the University of Surrey. Lithium-ion batteries are at the heart of the global shift to electric vehicles and renewable energy — but when they fail, the results can be devastating.
Why smart electrical distribution is the new frontier in sustainable manufacturing. From transitioning to renewable energy, embracing the circular economy and pursuing carbon offsets, today's automakers are actively working to become more sustainable. Many OEMs have big goals to become fully carbon-neutral by 2050. Some believe they can get there even earlier. But look past the cars and sources of energy right into the factories in which the vehicles of today and tomorrow are born and focus on a key question: how can carmakers make significant strides inside their plants to cut waste and improve sustainability?
Hamadani, Mariam
The need for greenhouse gas emission reductions leads to decreasing emission limits in road traffic. The development of efficient powertrains and the use of renewable energy sources are crucial in order to meet these targets. Electrification is one of the key technologies that can help to achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions. Besides the passenger car segment, electrification has started to play a more important role in heavy-duty applications as well. One technology that has been discussed in the last years is the electrification of heavy-duty semi-trailers. In the joint research project "evTrailer2" funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, the potential of different technologies for electrified semi-trailer systems in long-haul applications is evaluated. The overall project goal is the development of high-efficiency technologies to help reduce the fuel consumption and therefore the greenhouse gas impact of large semi-trailer trucks. The
Knaup, LarsBeidl, Christian
Light-duty vehicles (LDV) are scaling up electrification technologies from battery to dedicated hybrid engines (DHEs). The success from electrification of LDVs can be a starting point to look into a similar trending development of commercial vehicles (CV), which are bigger and heavier with more demanding work cycles. “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDV)—Phase 3” establishes new CO2 emission standards for MY 2032 (Model Year) and later HD vehicles with more stringent CO2 standards phasing in as early as MY 2027 for certain vehicle categories. In this article, the focus is about improving the operational efficiency of MDHD (medium-duty and heavy-duty) vehicles through a selected electrification technology in this study rather than pure BET (battery electric truck). Extended-range electric vehicle (EREVs) systems are studied here to address sustainability regarding charging infrastructure and by using the renewable fuels (hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and
Wang, HailongMa, TiancaiShuai, ShijinWang, ZihuiSong, Xubin
Global climate initiatives and government regulations are driving the demand for zero-carbon tailpipe emission vehicles. To ensure a sustainable transition, rapid action strategies are essential. In this context, renewable fuels can reduce lifecycle CO2 emissions and enable low-soot and NOx emissions. This study examines the effects of renewable ethanol in dual-fuel (DF) and blend fueling modes in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The novelty of this research lies in comparing different combustion modes using the same engine test rig. The methodology was designed to evaluate the characteristics of various injection modes and identify the inherent features that define their application ranges. The investigation was conducted on a single-cylinder engine equipped with state-of-the-art combustion technology. The results indicate that the maximum allowable ethanol concentration is 30% in blend mode, due to blend stability and regulatory standards, and 70% in DF mode, due to combustion
Belgiorno, GiacomoIanniello, RobertoDi Blasio, Gabriele
This study is to use the renewable fuels such as bioethanol and biobutanol as performance-improving additives into diesel fuel. Nano-alumina is added in three proportions into diesel, diesel–bioethanol, and diesel–biobutanol blends for further enhancement of performance. The novelty of this study is the utilization of the bio-alcohols manufactured from the waste vegetables and fruits which are reducing the land pollution, disposal cost, and the decrease in the dependency on diesel fuel. Blends of diesel–bioethanol and diesel–biobutanol are prepared and tested for homogeneity at a controlled temperature of 25°C. The blends after the homogeneity test are tested for the required properties and compared with the base of commercial Bharat Stage VI diesel. One blend from three base fuels—diesel, diesel–bioethanol, and diesel–biobutanol—is being chosen and further blended with three proportions of nano-alumina particles (50 mg/l, 75 mg/l, and 100 mg/l) and further tested for efficiencies in
Prabakaran, B.Yasin, Mohd Hafizil Mat
This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic assessment (TEA) of an integrated e-methanol production system building upon previously published foundational research utilizing Aspen Plus modeling for e-methanol production from sugar cane and sugar beet biomass. The established integrated system converts biomass into ethanol through fermentation and synthesizes e-methanol using both captured CO2 and syngas derived from biomass residue gasification. This approach maximizes CO2 and biomass utilization, promoting a circular carbon economy. The TEA quantifies capital expenditures (CAPEX), operational expenditures (OPEX), and levelized costs of Methanol (LCOM), providing a detailed economic analysis of the potential for commercializing e-methanol. A sensitivity analysis evaluates the impact of feedstock prices and Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), identifying key leverage points affecting financial viability. The study aims to explore the potential of utilizing existing agricultural
Fernandes, Renston JakeShakeel, Mohammad RaghibNguyen, DucduyIm, Hong G.Turner, James W.G.
An Army-funded research project has led to the development of more efficient materials for developing thermoelectric generators that convert waste heat to clean energy for a variety of applications. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Thermoelectric generators that can convert waste heat to clean energy could soon be as efficient as other renewable energy sources, like solar, according to a team led by Penn State scientists. Using high-entropy materials, the researchers created more efficient thermoelectric materials than previously possible, an advancement that they said could even help make long-distance space exploration possible. In a study partially funded by the U.S. Army with results published in the journal Joule last year, the researchers demonstrated how thermoelectric devices - including the radioisotope thermoelectric generators that produce energy for NASA's space exploration vehicles - can convert differences in temperature to electricity. When they are
Thermoelectric generators that can convert waste heat to clean energy could soon be as efficient as other renewable energy sources, like solar, according to a team led by Penn State scientists. Using high-entropy materials, the researchers created more efficient thermoelectric materials than previously possible, an advancement that they said could even help make long-distance space exploration possible.
To create the new batteries needed for EVs, mobile devices, and renewable energy storage, researchers have explored new materials, new designs, new configurations, and new chemistry. But one aspect — the texture of the metals used — has been historically overlooked.
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
While hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source for fuel cell vehicles, its production involves various costly methods, with steam reforming being the current popular yet environmentally detrimental technique. An alternative approach involves the use of electrochemical devices such as proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), capable of producing pure hydrogen through renewable energies. Nevertheless, these devices face challenges in improving their performance, with the most challenging aspect found in PEMWE being the anode, where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs. This poses a bottleneck issue because the generated oxygen does not exist solely in dissolved form but also as a gas. The released oxygen gas tends to combine with water vapor, forming bubbles that obstruct the reaction sites. Therefore, this study aims to enhance PEMWE performance by developing an advanced two-dimensional porous electrode model considering heat and mass transport as well as
Orncompa, PeerapatPassakornjaras, PhonlakritCharoen-amornkitt, PatcharawatAlizadeh, MehrzadSuzuki, TakahiroTsushima, Shohji
To address the pressing issue of electrical fluctuations from renewable energy technologies, an energy storage system (ESS) is proposed. The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is gaining significant attention due to its extended lifespan, durability, thermal safety, and independent power capacity, despite its high cost. Key components of the VRFB include a membrane, carbon electrode, bipolar plate, gasket, current collector, electrolyte, and pump. Among these, the carbon electrode and bipolar plate are the most expensive. Reducing capital costs in VRFB systems is crucial for advancing clean energy solutions. Conventional flow field designs like interdigitated flow field (IFF), serpentine flow field (SFF), and parallel flow field (PFF) are used to feed the electrolyte into the VRFB cell, necessitating thicker bipolar plates to avoid cracking during the machining process. This study focuses on optimizing the flow-through (FT) design, which eliminates the need for machining on bipolar
Aiemsathit, PorametSun, PengfeiAlizadeh, MehrzadLaoonual, YossapongCharoen-amornkitt, PatcharawatSuzuki, TakahiroTsushima, Shohji
The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) highlights the need to transition to a renewable energy society, where power is generated from sustainable sources. This shift is driven by environmental, economic, and energy security concerns. However, renewable energy sources like wind and solar are intermittent, necessitating extensive energy storage systems. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their long cycle life, scalability, and safety. In VRFBs, cells are typically connected in series to increase voltage, with electrolytes introduced through parallel flow channels using a single manifold. This design, while simple and low in pressure drop, often leads to imbalanced flow rates among cells, affecting performance. Balancing flow rates is crucial to minimize uneven overpotential and enhance durability, presenting an optimization challenge between achieving uniform flow and minimizing pressure drop. This study developed numerical models to
Suwanpakdee, NutAiemsathit, PorametCharoen-amornkitt, PatcharawatSuzuki, TakahiroTsushima, Shohji
In 2022, the U.S. transportation sector was the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the country, with the combination of passenger and commercial vehicles contributing 80% of these emissions. As adoption of passenger electric vehicles continues to climb, sights are being set on the electrification of heavy-duty commercial vehicle (HDCV) fleets. The sustainability of these shifts relies in part on the addition of significant renewable energy generation resources to both bolster the grid in the face of increased demand, and to prevent a shift in the source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the grid, as opposed to a true net reduction. Additionally, it is necessary to quantify the variations in economic viability across the country for these technologies as it pertains to their productive capabilities. Doing so will encourage investment and ensure that the transition to electrified HDCV fleets is commercially viable, as well as sustainable. In an effort to meet these goals
Miller, BrandonSun, RuixiaoSujan, Vivek
With better performance and usage of clean and renewable energy, electric vehicles have ushered in more and more consumers’ favor nowadays. However, insufficient driving range especially in hot and cold ambient conditions still greatly restricts the extensive application of electric vehicles. This paper presents a methodology of establishing multi-discipline coupled full vehicle model in AMESim to investigate the energy consumption and driving range of an electric vehicle in normal and hot ambient conditions. Full vehicle energy consumption test was carried out in the climate chamber to check the accuracy of simulation results. Firstly, basic framework of the full vehicle model established in AMESim was introduced. Next, modeling details of sub-systems including vehicle dynamic system, electrical system, coolant circuit system, air-conditioning system and control strategy were illustrated. Then, full vehicle energy consumption tests were carried out in 23°C and 38°C ambient conditions
Zhou, ShuaiLiu, HuaijuYu, HuiliYan, XuYan, Junjie
Letter from the Guest Editors
Kolhe, Mohan LalZhang, Ronghui
Efuels, synthetic gasolines made from captured carbon dioxide and renewable energy (usually wind and solar power), are “a valuable part of the solution,” said Aston Martin CEO Adrian Hallmark at a press briefing in New York on January 31. He described the process of creating the fuel as “really clean,” but also cited a rather off-putting price: $31 a gallon in the U.S. Still, Hallmark thinks eFuels could be a way for Aston to continue producing at least a few V12-powered cars in the coming electric future. Other automakers agree, but the battle over eFuels has by no means reached a cease-fire.
Motavalli, Jim
The Object of research in the article is the ventilation and cooling system of bulb hydrogenerators. The Subject of study in the article is the design and efficiency of using the cooling system of various structural types for bulb hydro units. The Purpose of the work is to carry out a three-dimensional study of two cooling systems (axial and radial) of the bulb hydro unit of the Kanivskaya HPP with a rated 22 MW. Research Tasks include analysis of the main design solutions for effective cooling of bulb-type hydrogenerators, in particular, the use of radial, axial, and mixed cooling systems; formulation of the main assumptions for the three-dimensional ventilation and thermal calculation of the bulb hydrogenerator; carrying out a three-dimensional calculation for a hydrogenerator with axial ventilation; determining airflow speeds in the channels and temperatures of active parts of the hydrogenerator under the conditions of using discharge fans and without them; carrying out a three
Tretiak, OleksiiArefieva, MariiaMakarov, PavloSerhiienko, SerhiiZhukov, AntonShulga, IrynaPenkovska, NataliiaKravchenko, StanislavKovryga, Anton
This research explores the use of salt gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) as an environmentally friendly and efficient method for thermal energy storage. The study focuses on the design, construction, and performance evaluation of SGSP systems integrated with reflectors, comparing their effectiveness against conventional SGSP setups without reflectors. Both experimental and numerical methods are employed to thoroughly assess the thermal behavior and energy efficiency of these systems. The findings reveal that the SGSP with reflectors (SGSP-R) achieves significantly higher temperatures across all three zones—Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), Non-Convective Zone (NCZ), and Lower Convective Zone (LCZ)—with recorded temperatures of 40.56°C, 54.2°C, and 63.1°C, respectively. These values represent an increase of 6.33%, 11.12%, and 14.26% over the temperatures observed in the conventional SGSP (SGSP-C). Furthermore, the energy efficiency improvements in the UCZ, NCZ, and LCZ for the SGSP-R are
J, Vinoth Kumar
The integration of advanced horizontal axis turbines (HATs) into unmanned marine vehicles (UMVs) significantly enhances their operational efficiency by providing power sources. These vehicles, designed for diverse applications, require efficient power systems to operate autonomously over extended periods. The major disadvantages are limited battery life and energy storage capabilities that restrict the operational range and endurance of the UMVs. Utilizing HATs in UMVs provides a renewable energy source, reducing operational costs. This continuous power supply enhances mission capabilities and promotes energy independence, making them ideal for long-term missions. Thus, using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analyses were carried out. For the hydrodynamic scenario, a velocity of 10 m/s and for the aerodynamic case, 27.7778 m/s, were taken into consideration. It is concluded that the UMV with Stepped HAT modification can be effectively employed for
Gunasekaran, Durga DeviKannan, HaridharanSourirajan, LaxanaVinayagam, GopinathGnanasekaran, Raj KumarKulandaiyappan, Naveen KumarStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanRaja, Vijayanandh
The rising demand for fossil fuels and the exploration of renewable energy sources from plants have gained significant attention due to their role in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security. Prosopis juliflora, abundantly available in India, offers a viable source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of diesel, vegetable oil, and biodiesel derived from Prosopis juliflora seeds. The engine was tested with pure diesel, vegetable oil (PJO), biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel-diesel blends at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume, designated as B20, B40, B60, and B80, respectively. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), were measured, along with emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NO). Results indicated that BTE
Duraisamy, BoopathiStanley Martin, JeromeThiyagarajan, PrakashRajendran, SilambarasanMarutholi, MubarakJohn, Godwin
This paper presents the strategy design, development, and detailed simulation of an Energy Management System (EMS) for a range extender energy storage microgrid project. Initially, a microgrid system model including photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage devices was established. Secondly, the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method was employed to generate possible operational scenarios, and an improved K-means clustering algorithm was used for scenario classification. Subsequently, a series of constraints were constructed for the economic viability of the microgrid to minimize its annualized comprehensive cost, while satisfying power balance and equipment operation. Finally, the microgrid system was simulated and solved using the GUROBI solver, covering cost analyses of the energy storage system and diesel generators under different configurations, as well as the State of Charge (SOC) variations of the energy storage system. The simulation results indicate that, after considering the one
Hua, YuweiJin, ZhenhuaHuang, HuilongWang, Zihao
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) make their marks in energy storage and electric vehicles due to their abundant reserves, cost-effectiveness, environmental resilience, and high safety. However, maintaining high battery performance in intricate operating conditions is challenging, which necessitates precise control based on timely and accurate acquisition of operation parameters, especially for the state of charge (SOC). Equivalent circuit model (ECM) is the most widely used in the evaluation of SOC. In this work, a 2nd-order resistor-capacitor ECM (2ORC-ECM) is chosen because of its balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, dynamic parameters in the 2ORC-ECM are accurately identified online by introducing an enhanced recursive least squares method with a forgetting factor. Finally, the proposed method is carried out based on the measured data of commercial SIBs. The results show that the proposed method can mitigate data saturation effectively while ensuring high
Qi, HonghaoPan, LyumingXu, XiaoqianRao, HaoyaoYu, YueshengLiu, XiangchiZhu, YifeiYang, CanWu, WeixiongLi, YubaiLi, WenjiaZeng, LinXu, QianRen, JiayouWei, Lei
Photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has garnered significant attention due to its zero carbon emissions and its potential to address the issue of grid fluctuations associated with solar power generation. However, the direct coupling technology for photovoltaic electrolyzer system remains underdeveloped, leading to the predominance of indirect coupling methods. This limitation results in a low overall conversion efficiency, which significantly hinders the application and promotion of this technology. In this paper, we first constructed a set of miniaturized photovoltaic water electrolysis devices, utilizing commercial photovoltaic modules and self-manufactured electrolyzer, and subsequently tested the operational characteristics of both components. Based on the experimental results, we established a simulation model for direct coupling of photovoltaic water electrolysis. This model incorporates the concept of supplying photovoltaic power to the electrolytic
Geng, JiafengSu, DiDeng, TongkunMo, LuotongLi, HaojieHu, LanwenGuo, Chenyu
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are seen as an ideal solution to the issues of energy security and environmental pollution. There is a great need for a comprehensive understanding of the ecological impacts associated with fuel cells throughout their entire life cycle, from fuel extraction through manufacturing, operation, and ultimately to the disposal stage. This paper reviews the progress of research on measuring the emissions of hydrogen fuel cells and focuses on the carbon footprint throughout the fuel cell’s life cycle. The study defines the boundary conditions of the fuel cell system using the PLAC (Process-based life cycle assessment) method, analyzes the proportion of each material in the system, and divides its life cycle into six stages: raw material preparation, manufacturing and assembly, transportation and logistics, utilization, maintenance and repair, and scrap and recycling. This study uses the GREET analysis software to introduce a carbon footprint analysis model for a
Zhang, RuojingZhu, HaominZhou, XiangyangPan, Xiangmin
The degradation of vehicle performance resulting from powertrain degradation throughout the lifecycle of alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) has consistently been a focal issue among scholars and consumers. The purpose of this paper is to utilize a one-dimensional vehicle simulation model to analyze the changes in power performance and economy of fuel cell vehicles as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack degrades. In this study, a simulation model was developed based on the design parameters and vehicle architecture of a 45kW fuel cell vehicle. The 1D model was validated for accuracy using experimental data. The results indicate that as the stack performance degrades, the attenuation rate of the fuel cell engine is further amplified, with a degradation of up to 13.6% in the system's peak output power at the End of Life (EOL) state after 5000 hours. Furthermore, the level of economic performance degradation of the complete vehicle in the EOL state is dependent on the
Li, YouDu, JingGuo, DonglaiWang, KaiWang, Yupeng
In order to clarify the cavitation flow characteristics in future fuel nozzles and guide the design of new nozzle structural blocks, this research work was carried out in both experimental and simulation aspects. In the experiment, it was found that under high injection pressure, methanol showed more severe cavitation than diesel. By adding frosted glass, a better light effect was achieved in the nozzle hole. It was found that the front section of the nozzle had geometric induced cavitation, the middle section had vortex cavitation, and the rear section had expanded vortex cavitation. Traditional numerical models cannot accurately calculate this phenomenon. To this end, the two-phase physical properties that change with temperature and pressure were constructed, combined with multiphase, turbulence, and energy models, CFD calculations were performed and verified based on visualization results. On this basis, a comparative analysis of the flow mechanism in future fuel and traditional
Zhang, HanwenFan, LiyunLi, BoWei, YunpengZhang, Dianhao
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 347