Browse Topic: Electric power grid

Items (494)
ABSTRACT Electric vehicle (EV) aggregation to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services is a topic that has generated research into the economics and viability of using EVs for more than transportation, but little has been demonstrated to this point. This is especially true of using bidirectional power flows to move energy to the grid from EVs or to provide variable charge and discharge control. Our work focuses on implementing bi-directional functionality to demonstrate both V2G services and islanded microgrid support. The use of an intelligent microgrid controller combined with an EV aggregator provides new control capabilities for EV participation as energy storage devices
Massie, Darrell D.Curtiss, PeterMitchem, Sean C.
Tracking of energy consumption has become more difficult as demand and value for energy have increased. In such a case, energy consumption should be monitored regularly, and the power consumption want to be reduced to ensure that the needy receive power promptly. Our objective is to identify the energy consumption of an electric vehicle from battery and track the daily usage of it. We have to send the data to both the user and provider. We have to optimize the power usage by using anomaly detection technique by implementing deep learning algorithms. Here we are going to employ a LSTM auto-encoder algorithm to detect anomalies in this case. Estimating the power requirements of diverse locations and detecting harmful actions are critical in a smart grid. The work of identifying aberrant power consumption data is vital and it is hard to assure the smart meter’s efficiency. The LSTM auto-encoder neural network technique is used here for predicting power consumption and to detect anomalies
Deepan Kumar, SadhasivamArun Raj, VR, Vishnu Ramesh KumarManojkumar, R
A potentially effective means for ground system radar cross section reduction (RCSR) involves a checkerboard-arranged applique (ACA) composed of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) metasurfaces which can result in phase modification – and thus destructive interference – of the reflected radar energy. This effort focused on the development of such a concept through the following main tasks: (1) the development of performance goals; (2) the selection of the AMC topology pattern; (3) the development of various performance models based upon transmission line theory and antenna planar array theory, and the use of various computational electromagnetics (CEM) solvers; (4) model validation; (5) the optimization of the AMC pattern through a design of experiment (DOE) approach; and (6) the development of a genetic programming framework for more rigorous ACA optimization
Tison, NathanD’Archangel, Jeffrey
The mobility industry with its entire ecosystem is currently striving towards sustainable solutions, which leads to a continuous production ramp-up of electrified vehicles. The parallel extension of the charging infrastructure is needed but faced with various challenges like high investments and power limitations of local electrical grid connection. To fulfill the user requirements of electrified vehicle owners, large-scaled but cost-efficient charging systems for different parking scenarios in residential buildings, at work or at the destination are essential. MAHLE chargeBIG offers large-scaled and centralized charging infrastructure with more than 2,000 already installed charging points since 2019. This paper is a first scientific publication with an in-dept evaluation of the large-scaled charging infrastructure usage. Based on backend data of multiple MAHLE chargeBIG charging infrastructure installations with more than 600 charging points, more than 70,000 recorded charging events
Mehlig, DennisKrumbholz, MatthiasGerstadt, Max
Life cycle analyses suggest that electric vehicles are more efficient than gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Although the latest available data reveal that electric vehicle (EV) life cycle operational efficiency is only 17% (3 percentage points) higher than a gasoline ICEV, overall life cycle efficiencies including manufacturing for EVs are 2 percentage points lower than for ICEVs. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of EVs are only 4% lower than ICEVs, but criteria emissions of NOx and PM are approaching or exceeding two times those of gasoline ICEVs. Significant reductions in electric grid emissions are required to realize EV’s anticipated emission benefits. In contrast, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have over 70% higher efficiency and 28% lower GHG emissions than today’s EVs. For heavy-duty trucks using today’s gray hydrogen, produced by steam–methane reforming, overall life cycle efficiencies of ICEs and fuel cells are 63% higher than electric powertrains using
Wade, Wallace R.
A commonplace chemical used in water treatment facilities has been repurposed for large-scale energy storage in a new battery design by researchers at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The design provides a pathway to a safe, economical, water-based, flow battery made with Earth-abundant materials. It provides another pathway in the quest to incorporate intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar energy into the nation’s electric grid
Smart devices can be hacked. That makes the electric grid vulnerable to bad actors who might try to turn off the power, damage the system, or worse. Recently, a team of experts at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory put forth a new approach to protect the grid
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to provide information relating to the construction, calibration, and usage of parallel plate transmission lines in electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Modern automotive industry field is recently moving to more electrification level, so the presence of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is constantly increasing, along with charging technology evolution. Typically, BEVs do not use a significant portion of their battery’s capacity in day-to-day travel, which means their most valuable asset, the battery, sits idle during most of its life. Vehicle to Load (V2L) feature enables the transfer of energy from vehicle to the external loads (like utility tools, dryer, camping equipment or any other electrical appliance) which is connected to the power socket present in the Power Panel to perform AC Discharging. V2L technology lets consumers get more energy from a vehicle, even when it is turned off, improving consumer appeal. Bottomline, consumers can use this on-board Power Panel like a normal portable generator. More specifically, this paper will explore a scalable V2L architecture design with on-board Smart Power Panel technology, requested to
Tavella, DomenicoTolkacz, JosephKasture, ArchanaSarkar, Ashish
In the process of automobile industrialization, integrated electric drive systems turn to be the mainstream transmission system of electric vehicles gradually. The main sources of noise and vibration in the chassis are from the gear reducer and motor system, as a replacement of engine. For improving the electric vehicles NVH performance, effective identification and quantitative analysis of the main noise sources are a significant basis. Based on the rotating hub test platform in the semi-anechoic chamber, in this experiment, an electric vehicle equipped with a three-in-one electric drive system is taken as the research object. As well the noise and vibration signals in the interior vehicle and the near field of the electric drive system are collected under the operating conditions of uniform speed, acceleration speed, and coasting with gears under different loads, and the test results are processed and analyzed by using the spectral analysis and order analysis theories. Combining the
Jin, MingxinZuo, ShuguangShi, LeiMao, Qingshao
With the increasing demand for efficient & clean transport solutions, applications such as road transport vehicles, aerospace and marine are seeing a rise in electrification at a significant rate. Irrespective of industries, the main source of power that enables electrification in mobility applications like electric vehicles (EV), electric ships and electrical vertical take-off & landing (e-VTOL) is primarily a battery making it fundamentally a DC system. Fast charging solutions for EVs & e-VTOLs are also found to be DC in nature because of several advantages like ease of integration, higher efficiency, etc. Likewise, the key drivers of the electric grid are resulting in an energy transition towards renewable sources, that are also essentially DC in nature. Overall, these different business trends with their drivers appear to be converging towards DC power systems, making it pertinent. However, DC circuit protection poses serious challenges compared to AC due to the absence of natural
Milind, T. R.Thomas, AmalRastogi, SarthakK, Satyadeep
UC Santa Cruz Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yu Zhang and his lab are leveraging tools to improve the efficiency, reliability, and resilience of power systems, and have developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach for the smart control of microgrids for power restoration when outages occur
This article presents a technical study on the integration of hybrid renewable energy sources (RES) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, aiming to enhance energy efficiency, grid stability, and mitigating power imbalances. The growing adoption of RES and electric vehicles (EV) necessitates innovative solutions to mitigate intermittency and optimize resource utilization. The study’s primary objective is to design and analyze a hybrid distribution generation system encompassing solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power stations, along with a conventional diesel generator, connected to the utility grid. A V2G system is strategically embedded within the microgrid to facilitate bidirectional power exchange between EV and the grid. Methodologically, MATLAB/Simulink® 2021a is employed to simulate the system’s performance over one day. This research addresses a critical research gap in comprehensively evaluating the synergy between hybrid RES and V2G technology within a microgrid context. The
Al-Shetwi, Ali Q.
Road transport is bound to play a major role in the imminent transition to green energy. India has pledged to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070 at the COP26 [1] and is committed to have 30% electric vehicle (EV) sales by 2030 [2]. The Indian government is promoting fleet electrification through initiatives like FAME–II. India’s EV market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 90% between 2022 and 2030 [3]. With this projection combined with climate targets, comes an anticipated exponential rise in renewable energy contribution to the national power grid, accompanied by a huge transport-related demand for electricity. NITI Aayog – India’s public policy think tank – and the Ministry of Power are already looking into the expansion of EV charging infrastructure in India as part of smart grid implementation. The deployment of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology as an extension of the smart charging initiative is essential for a smooth transition to renewable energy. The
Sandhu, RoubleCao, XinyuanFaßbender, MaxSchade, ThomasEmran, AshrafAndert, JakobXia, FeihongSharma, Vijay
With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, poised EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. The concept of bidirectional charging is one of that and which is creating buzz and curiosity among EV buyers. The bidirectional charging enables EV owners to lend the power to grid, other vehicles or use for other auxiliary applications. This paper focuses on idea of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) level 1, level 2 AC charging using J1772 standard, and level 3 DC fast charging using ISO 15118 or DIN 70121. where one user can lend a range of few kilometers to other based on requirement as a helping hand. This paper proposes a new idea which enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging using ISO 15118, DIN70121 and J1772 protocol. In V2V charging, source vehicle shall function as a mobile charging source (EVSE) and other shall function as a sink (EV). The idea of making source vehicle as charging station involves sink vehicle authentication and managing the
Kumar, RohitPenta, AmarVenugopal, Karthick BabuSahu, HemantArya, Harshita
The battery electric buses (BEB) are set as key tools to enable cities to meet their challenging transport environmental targets, i.e. the reduction of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improvement of local air quality, as well as to provide a quieter system for both passengers and the urban community. The recent evolutions of the traction battery technology, with increasing battery energy and power densities, battery durability and dynamic performance, driven by both the light and heavy duty vehicles segment, has opened the way for a series of transit bus electrification initiatives, focused on the evaluation of the feasibility of the BEB technology for the zero local emission bus fleet targets, already set by transit authorities in some important cities worldwide. In this context, as important as the onboard electric traction technology itself, currently already mature for BEB test trials, is the required electric charging infrastructure and its inherent operational effects, which
Barbosa, Fábio C.
Electric vehicles (EV) are an effective eco-friendly means of transportation due to the increased use of batteries for energy storage. Additionally, they connect with electricity grids by supplying power and managing the charging rate to achieve quicker charging times. Owing to their ability to operate in a Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode, electric vehicles can fulfil this task by supplying bidirectional power flow to tackle the various challenges associated with faster charging and introducing additional services to the grid. Maintaining a stable output voltage and current during the energy exchange process is a crucial factor in these systems. To overcome this challenge, the proposed system employs a bi-directional buck-boost converter (BBBC) with a sophisticated control strategy that considers the current State of Charge (SoC) of the storage system. This BBBC enables bidirectional energy transfer between the power grid and the vehicle's energy storage system
R, UthraJena, SwetaparnaMajeed, SalmanAgarwal, Janvhi
Future lunar missions will utilize a Lunar DC microgrid (LDCMG) to construct the infrastructure for distributing, storing, and utilizing electrical energy. The LDCMG’s energy management, of which energy storage systems (ESS) are crucial components, will be essential to the success of the missions. Standard system design currently employs a rule-of-thumb approach in which design methodologies rely on heuristics that may only evaluate local power balancing requirements. The Hamiltonian surface shaping and power flow control (HSSPFC) method can also be utilized to analyze and design the lunar LDCMG power distribution network and ESS. In this research, the HSSPFC method will be utilized to determine the ideal energy storage requirements for ESS and the optimally distributed control architecture. This paper summarizes the HSSPFC application to the LDCMG, along with an example of an operational scenario that outlines the trade-offs for the selection, design, and implementation of the ESS
Weaver, Wayne
Microgrids are a topic of interest in recent years, largely due to their compatibility with the integration of distributed renewable resources, capability for bidirectional power flow, and ability to reconfigure to mitigate the effects of faults. Fault diagnosis algorithms are a foundational technology for microgrids. These algorithms must have two primary capabilities. First, faults must be detectable; it is known when the fault occurs. Second, faults must be isolable; the type and location of detected faults can be determined. However, most fault handling research considering microgrids has focused on the protection algorithm. Protection algorithms seek to quickly extinguish dangerous faults which can damage components. However, these algorithms may not sufficiently capture less severe faults, or provide comprehensive monitoring for the microgrid. This is particularly relevant when considering applications involving fault tolerant control or dynamic grid reconfiguration. Although
Heyer, GabrielD'Arpino, Matilde
As a part of NASA’s efforts in space, options are being examined for an Artemis moon base project to be deployed. This project requires a system of interconnected, but separate, DC microgrids for habitation, mining, and fuel processing. This in-place use of power resources is called in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). These microgrids are to be separated by 9-12 km and each contains a photovoltaic (PV) source, energy storage systems (ESS), and a variety of loads, separated by level of criticality in operation. The separate microgrids need to be able to transfer power between themselves in cases where there are generation shortfall, faults, or other failures in order to keep more critical loads running and ensure safety of personnel and the success of mission goals. In this work, a 2 grid microgrid system is analyzed involving a habitation unit and a mining unit separated by a tie line. A set of optimal controls that has been developed, including power flow controls on the tie line
Rashkin, Lee JoshuaDonnelly, TimothyCook, MarvinYoung, Joseph
With the increased demand for electricity due to the rapid expansion of EV charging infrastructure, weather events, and a shift towards smaller, more environmentally responsible forms of renewable sources of energy, Microgrids are increasing in growth and popularity. The integration of real time communication between all PGSs (Power Generating Sources) and loadbanks has allowed the re-utilization of waste electricity. Pop-up Microgrids in PSPS events have become more popular and feasible in providing small to medium size transmission and distribution. Due to the differing characteristics of the PGSs, it is a challenge to efficiently engage the combined PGSs in harmony and have them share and carry the load of the microgrid with minimal ‘infighting.’ Different Power generating sources each have their own personality and unique ‘quirks.’ With loadbanks being able to perform various functions automatically by monitoring and responding to individual PGSs needs and demands, efficiency is
Tyne, Shelby
NASA’s Watts on the Moon Challenge is seeking solutions to transfer at least 1.065 kW power from a 120 V dc source to a 24-32 V dc load over a 3-km distance under the same environmental conditions as the Lunar surface (i.e., 77 K temperature and 1 mTorr pressure). The selected solution from the author’s team proposed utilizing two modular multilevel Gallium Nitride (GaN) based isolated dc-dc converters to connect the 120 V dc source with the 24-32 V dc load bank via 1.5 kV rated dc transmission lines. The modular multilevel converters feature frequency multiplication, high step-down voltage ratio and low device voltage stress. In the converters, GaN gate injection transistor (GaN GIT) and GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistor (GaN HEMT) devices are chosen as switching devices, due to the merits of lower power loss, radiation hardness and ability to work under cryogenic and vacuum conditions. In addition, LiFePO4 battery based energy storage with a power condition system is added in
Yao, YuzhouZhang, ZhiningFan, JunchongAdina, NihanthBharmal, NaeemShah, SiddhantZhang, JesseShi, YifanHu, PhD, BoxueFu, PhD., PengyuWang, PhD., Jin
The reliable operation of power systems on the lunar surface is crucial for critical research activities and supporting life. These systems are standalone or interconnected grids that integrate intermittent power sources and distributed energy storage. Lunar microgrids must be highly reliable, reconfigurable, and efficient. To meet these requirements, we propose the flexible DC energy router (FeDER), a modular and scalable power management unit for interconnected lunar DC microgrids. The FeDER integrates local energy storage and addresses various microgrid power management needs such as fault management, stability enhancement, power flow regulation, and power quality improvement. The lunar DC microgrids' design, protection, and control are achieved using a three-layered approach: (1) graph theory, (2) energy management system, and (3) smart resistor control. The lunar power grid architecture is introduced and the FeDER stability enhancement is implemented in the OPAL-RT platform. The
Adina, NihanthZhang, ZhiningYao, YuzhouIslam, Md. HaduilShi, YifanFu PhD, PengyuWang, Jin
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have fabricated a novel device that could dramatically boost the conversion of heat into electricity. If perfected, the technology could help recoup some of the recoverable heat energy that is wasted in the U.S. at a rate of about $100 billion each year
In the context of the race toward minimum road transportation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the needs for tools comparing various powertrain options are of the highest importance. Various authors have demonstrated the necessity to take into account the full life cycle assessment (LCA), a simplified tank-to-wheel calculation being unsatisfactory in providing guidance regarding the optimized technological choices depending of variables manufacturing and operating conditions. There are several examples to be found in the literature but they have been found to be very specific to most of their assumptions (e.g., vehicle models, electricity carbon intensity for usage or production, etc.). This paper focuses first on possibly to establish a more general model and relative graphic tool to compare carbon foot print of various powertrains with incremental electrification levels of light-duty vehicles (spark ignition engine, full hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicle), enabling
Hébert, Guillaume
A novel method which has the potential for improving the U.S. Navy's ability to perform continuous assurance on autonomous and other cyberphysical systems. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA Autonomous systems are poised to provide transformative benefits to society. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions, enhance mobility for blind, disabled, and underage drivers, lower energy consumption and environmentally harmful emissions, and reduce population density in metropolitan regions. In civilian aviation, increasingly autonomous systems could mitigate two of the most costly features of human pilots: the cost associated with training and paying highly skilled operators, and the reduced efficiency incurred by flight time limitations and crew rest requirements. Additionally, autonomous air traffic management systems could reduce the cognitive burden on air traffic controllers by automating the monitoring and analysis of high
Electrification of public transport in cities puts lots of stress onto the vehicle's traction batteries and the power grid during charging. The authors present a self-learning operating strategy to improve the battery life and reduce stress on the power grid by lengthening charging operations as long as possible and avoiding extreme states of charge. During regular service operation, the operating strategy observes the vehicle state and energy flows inside of the vehicle and between vehicle and charging infrastructure. Based on these observations, the operating strategy plans a guidance state of charge trajectory for the trip and dispatches recommendations for charging and discharging the traction battery to the vehicle's ECU. Additionally, the operating strategy ensures reliable service trips by checking if the current state of charge matches the estimated energy consumption for a fixed range laying ahead. The operating strategy can detect and mitigate a situation in which the vehicle
von Kleist, HermannSaroch, LarsBeims, Martin
Weather situations that are associated with hazardous icing conditions near the ground impact multiple kinds of infrastructure. A prominent example of a transmission system failure due to wintry conditions was the snow storm over the Münsterland, Germany, in 2005, as exceptional high amounts of wet snow in conjunction with supercooled water led to heavy damages on conductor cables and tower collapses (Klinger et al., 2011). In this work, an interdisciplinary approach between energy and aviation meteorology is presented. The study was conducted for the purpose of providing a forecast tool of hazardous icing conditions for German transmission system operators (TSOs). TSOs are faced with icing on ground-based objects just like aviation on the ground. For the purpose of obtaining an ensemble-based forecasting tool to detect hazardous icing of structures near the ground, the already existing aeronautical icing model “Advanced Diagnosis and Warning System for Aircraft Icing Environments
März, BenediktFundel, VanessaKalinka, FrankSchultze, MarkusSchmidli, Jürg
Through connectivity with the electric grid, electric vehicles (EVs) minimize or eliminate the need for fossil fuels. Despite the rapid adoption of EVs in recent times, most government adoption objectives have not been attained. This article aims to comprehend the reasons behind the limited uptake of electric scooters in India and the driving aspects. This research used a grounded theory methodology. Using a snowball sampling technique, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews with EV owners, mainly based in Delhi and Mumbai. As an outcome of the study, four drivers and four impediments to the adoption of EVs have been formulated. The study shows that there are Financial, Technological, Operational, and Psychological drivers and Technological/Infrastructural, Operational, and Psychological impediments to the adoption. The study identifies the key concern areas in the form of categories of drivers and impediments, which can be considered in industrial and public policymaking. This research
Suri, AnkitDeepthi, B.Sharma, Yogesh
CASE VP Jay Joseph outlines dramatic cost reductions in fuel-cell systems, the move into stationary power, and new models for mobile and residential energy. Is the long-promised “hydrogen economy” still 15 years away, as it reportedly has been for… more than 15 years? Or is it just around the corner? SAE Media traveled to Honda's U.S. campus in Torrance, California, to see the company's latest progress. This was the introduction of Honda's zero-emission stationary fuel-cell power station, which now is in service as a backup power source for the company's data center. Honda's FCX was the the world's first production fuel-cell vehicle when it debuted in 2002. Since then the company's hydrogen developments have continued. Honda began collaborating on fuel-cell systems in 2013 and the two OEMs share a fuel-cell manufacturing joint venture. The Torrance event also presented the opportunity to speak with Jay Joseph, Honda's VP of Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electrified (CASE
Dinkel, John
Printed radio frequency (RF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor devices are a promising technology for providing highly reconfigurable, cost-effective, and multi-parameter sensing. A new method was developed to print high-fidelity, passive sensors for energy applications that can reduce the cost of monitoring critical power grid assets
The availability of DC Fast Charging Stations (DCFCs) is considered a fundamental step for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). To mitigate the impact of high-power charging events on the grid, DCFCs are often equipped with stationary energy storage and renewable energy resources. In literature, many methods have been proposed to design, control, and optimize the performance of multi-sources DCFCs. Many of the research contributions use the averaged EV charging power consumption as input, not the real-time event-based power request. This paper aims at comparing the effects of average-based and event-based EV charging power profiles on the design and control of multi-sources DCFCs. An algorithm that generates event-based EV charging power profiles has been developed based on the data from the California Energy Commission (CEC) report and NREL's EVI-Pro I tool. Multiple scenarios can be generated based on different weekday and weekend energy consumptions, EV penetrations
D'Arpino, MatildeSingh, GurpreetKoh, Myung Bae
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) repurposed from retired electric vehicles (EVs) for grid-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) have the potential to contribute to a sustainable, low-carbon-emissions energy future. The economic and technological value of these “second-life” LIB ESSs must be evaluated based on their operation on the electric grid, which determines their aging trajectories. The battery research community needs experimental data to understand the operation of these batteries using laboratory experiments, yet there is a lack of work on experimental evaluation of second-life batteries. Previous studies in the literature use overly-simplistic duty cycling in order to age second-life batteries, which may not produce aging trajectories that are representative of grid-scale ESS operation. This mismatch may lead to inaccurate valuation of retired EV LIBs as a grid resource. This paper presents an end-to-end methodology that uses real-world electric grid power system data to simulate
Moy, KevinOnori, Simona
The purpose of this paper is to make quantitative analysis on the effect of demand side optimization, especially on the reduction of CO2 emission realized by optimizing charging and discharging schedule of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), or by optimized Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operations. BEV optimization model is incorporated into the existing electricity supply-demand model to study how the introduction of BEVs make differences on a power system operation, composition of power generation and CO2 emission on the power supply side. Three cases of BEV operation are studied, 1) dumb charging without optimization, 2) optimization of charging, 3) optimization of charging and discharging with Vehicle-to-Grid operations. Analysis is also made on how de-carbonization of the supply side will make differences by studying the case of 2035 and 2040 in addition to 2030, the target year of Japan’s new national energy plan. The analysis showed that, as an important use case of a demand side
Honda, AtsuoOgimoto, KazuhikoIwafune, YumikoAzuma, Hitoshi
Connected vehicles have the potential to transform the way we commute and travel in a multitude of ways. Vehicles will cooperate and coordinate with each other to solve problems appropriate for the environment in which they are operating. In this paper, we focus on the development of test equipment that includes the infrastructure and vehicles to measure and record all of the information necessary to quantify the performance of cooperative driving algorithms in realistic scenarios. The system allows tests to include real vehicles on the track and virtual vehicles in a digital twin. Real and virtual vehicles interact through the road-side units and test facility network, allowing each test vehicle to receive messages from virtual vehicles as well as the infrastructure. Messages transmitted from the test vehicles are received in the digital twin, allowing the real vehicle to interact with virtual vehicles. This provides the capability to test algorithms in congested traffic without the
Buller, WilliamChase, RichardPaki, Joseph E.Dudekula, Ahammad BashaNaber, JeffreySarkar, Reuben
Interoperability and ‘smart’ energy management are vital for meeting EV charging demand. The clock is ticking for the automotive industry to meet looming “greener” energy deadlines, which will come into effect at the end of the decade. Achieving widescale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and meeting the mandates will require significant changes. One area that needs more attention is how to power the transition to an electric future. With the demand for electricity expected to grow nearly 20% by 2050 due to EVs and other clean tech initiatives, the grid is under immense pressure. With the aging infrastructure already creaking, expecting it to support this growth is not feasible using the established electricity value chain: generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Successfully powering the transition requires utilities and the broader ecosystem to collaborate and look at energy capacity in new ways
Goetzl, Thomas
This method is used to define the immunity of electric and electronic apparatus and equipment (products) to radiated electromagnetic (EM) energy. This method is based on injecting the calibrated radio frequency currents (voltages) into external conductors and/or internal circuits of the product under test, measuring the strength of the EM field generated by this product and evaluating its immunity to the external EM field on the basis of the data obtained. The method can be utilized only when it is physically possible to connect the injector to the conductors and/or circuits mentioned before. The method allows: Evaluating immunity of the product under test to external EM fields of the strength equal to a normalized one; Calculating the level of external EM field strength at which the given (including maximum permissible) induced currents or voltages are generated in the equipment under test, or solving the “opposite” task; Finding potentially “weak” points of the product design
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
The electromagnetic compatibility problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become increasingly prominent with its continuous development to high power and high torque. To solve this problem, this paper adopts a method based on the establishment of body structure and windings of the PMSM to analyze its electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The radiation stimulus source is acquired by establishing the control model of the PMSM drive system under different driving conditions in Simulink and Carsim. The EMR model of the whole vehicle is established in FEKO by creating winding models and importing three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the vehicle body and PMSM. The field circuit co-simulation and transmission line method are used in this paper. Finally, we can obtain the electric field radiation strength at different detection points under different driving conditions. The simulation results correspond with the EMR theory and electromagnetic shielding theory. It plays a
Chen, LuhaoXu, ZhaopingLiu, Liang
No longer ‘20 years in the future,’ hydrogen and fuel cells are a vital, high-growth solution for carbon reduction across the transportation and other industry sectors. After decades of R&D, some false starts and a smattering of low-volume production vehicles, hydrogen has emerged as a vital enabler for carbon reduction across the transportation sector. In gaseous form, the lightest and most abundant chemical element is an efficient energy carrier and battery-like storage medium. When produced from decarbonized sources and used in fuel-cell systems, hydrogen can be a genuinely low- or zero-emission source of electricity. Energy-grid experts increasingly see hydrogen as a valuable “knob to turn,” broadening renewables' effectiveness by serving as a load-balancer for wind and solar. For vehicle engineers and customers, hydrogen fuel cells - with an energy-to-weight ratio 10X greater than lithium batteries - offers some key practical advantages over battery-electric propulsion. Time
Brooke, Lindsay
Transportation electrification is much needed as it can help to reduce the consumption of petroleum fuels. At the same time importance of the charging system to energize electric vehicles is also growing. Currently AC level 1 charging (120V, <2KW) and AC level 2 Charging (240V, <10KW) are used to charge the electric vehicle in residential and workplaces. The off-board chargers have significance as they can charge the vehicles in less time like gas/petrol stations. These off-board charging stations are comprised of two power conversion stages. One is for the rectification process along with power factor correction to obtain DC output from the input utility grid and DC/DC stage to get the regulated DC voltage from the rectifier output. One can reduce the charging time by increasing the output charging power at the power conversion stage. Hence, the present work deals with a novel DC-DC converter topology for fast charging applications and the novelty lies in the Electric vehicle charging
R.L., JosephineSelvan, V. Arul MozhiR, Bhanu PrakashArunachalam Rajesh, Jashwanth
Solar power is abundant — when the Sun is shining. Wind power is steady — when the wind is blowing. And a power grid is extremely convenient — until there’s an outage. But creating a steady supply of electricity from intermittent power sources is a challenge. NASA was focused on this problem more than 45 years ago, when the agency designed a new type of liquid battery during the energy price shocks of the 1970s
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