Browse Topic: Off-board energy sources

Items (2,998)
With the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) market, the frequency of grid-connected charging has concentrated primarily during peak hours, notably from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., resulting in substantial demand surges during both morning and evening periods. Such uncoordinated charging patterns pose potential challenges to the stability and economic efficiency of power systems. As vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology advances, facilitating bidirectional energy exchange between EVs and smart grids, the need for optimized control of EV charging and discharging behaviors has become critical to achieving effective peak shaving and valley filling in the grid. This paper proposes a microgrid energy scheduling optimization algorithm based on existing smart grid and EV charging control technologies. The method establishes a multi-objective optimization model with EVs’ 24-h charging and discharging power as decision variables and microgrid load rate, load
Fan, LongyuChen, YuxinZhang, Dacai
In addition to providing safety advantages, sound and vibration are being utilized to enhance the driver experience in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). There's growing interest and investment in using both interior and exterior sounds for pedestrian safety, driver awareness, and unique brand recognition. Several automakers are also using audio to simulate virtual gear shifting of automatic and manual transmissions in BEVs. According to several automotive industry articles and market research, the audio enhancements alone, without the vibration that drivers are accustomed to when operating combustion engine vehicles, are not sufficient to meet the engagement, excitement, and emotion that driving enthusiasts expect. In this paper, we introduce the use of new automotive, high-force, compact, light-weight circular force generators for providing the vibration element that is lacking in BEVs. The technology was developed originally for vibration reduction/control in aerospace applications
Norris, Mark A.Orzechowski, JeffreySanderson, BradSwanson, DouglasVantimmeren, Andrew
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are extremely sensitive in terms of NVH requirements. While the engine is being replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being made to drive an improvement in the NVH. The following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design optimization of the housing using modal analysis. Firstly, the NVH results were co-related with the modal analysis and the cause for the dominant peak in amplitude of the NVH graph associated with the housing modes were mapped. A simple Excel based correlation matrix is used to map the list of all Eigenfrequencies of housing and its corresponding gear tooth frequency. Further optimization is done in housing design to defer the modal frequencies and another NVH test was run. It was proven that housing design
Pingale, Abhijeet SatishDeshpande, Prasannakumar
Traditional silicon-based solar cells are completely opaque, which works for solar farms and roofs but would defeat the purpose of windows. However, organic solar cells, in which the light absorber is a kind of plastic, can be transparent.
A joint research effort led by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign has shown how coal can play a vital role in next-generation electronic devices.
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
In this study, vibration characteristics inside an electric power unit at gravity center where direct measurement is impossible were estimated by using virtual point transformation to consider guideline for effective countermeasures to the structure or generated force characteristics inside the power source. Vibration acceleration, transfer function and the generated force in operation at the gravity center of the electrical power source were obtained by vibration characteristics at around the power source which can be measured directly. In addition, the transfer functions from the gravity center to the power source attachment points on the product were also estimated. And then, the contribution from the gravity center to the power unit attachment point was obtained by multiplying generated force with the transfer function. As results, the obtained total contribution was almost same with the actual measured vibration at the attachment point. Furthermore, the rotational contribution
Kubo, RyomaHara, KentaYoshida, Junji
Remote sensing offers a powerful tool for environmental protection and sustainable management. While many remote sensing companies use wind or solar energy to power their platforms, California-based startup Dolphin Labs is harnessing wave energy to enable sensing networks for enhanced maritime domain awareness, improving the safety and security of offshore natural resources and critical infrastructure.
Reducing emissions in individual transport requires electrification and hybridization. Emission reduction depends on the degree of electrification, the specific powertrain design and optimized components. This is especially true for hybrids with the highest number of components, consisting of combustion engine, transmission, electric motors and batteries. The integration of the electric motor in the transmission for dedicated hybrid transmissions leads to many possible concepts. Computer-aided powertrain synthesis is therefore needed to develop new powertrain architectures. In a publicly funded project, we have developed a powertrain synthesis that includes a combustion engine synthesis and a transmission synthesis. In this paper we focus on the impact of the engine concept on the powertrain dimensioning, fuel consumption, performance and operating behavior in a parallel hybrid configuration. In addition to different engine concepts, the electrical power is also varied to discuss the
Sturm, AxelHenze, RomanKüçükay, FeritWolgast, CarstenEilts, Peter
Sustainable aviation fuels are becoming more widely available for current and future engine powered propulsion systems. However, the diversity of ignition behavior in these fuels poses a challenge to achieving robust, efficient operation. Specifically, low cetane fuels with poor ignitability exhibit highly variable torque production unless fuel is injected earlier during compression. The tradeoff is that earlier injection may cause dangerously high in-cylinder pressure rise rates. Novel models that can simulate these competing behaviors are needed so that appropriate strategies may be developed for controlling combustion at low cetane fueling conditions. This work builds upon a previously developed model that simulates asymmetric combustion phasing (CA50) distributions as a function of fuel cetane, fuel injection timing, and electrical power supplied to an in-cylinder thermal ignition assist device. An extension of the model is presented in which the phasing output is used to
Ahmed, OmarMiddleton, RobertStefanopoulou, AnnaKim, KennethKweon, Chol-Bum
Electrifying truck fleets has the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions from the freight transportation sector. However, the range limitations and substantial capital costs with current battery technologies imposes constraints that challenge the overall cost feasibility of electrifying fleets for logistics companies. In this paper, we investigate the coupled routing and charge scheduling optimization of a delivery fleet serving a large urban area as one approach to discovering feasible pathways. To this end, we first build an improved energy consumption model for a Class 7-8 electric and diesel truck using a data-driven approach of generating energy consumption data from detailed powertrain simulations on numerous drive cycles. We then conduct several analyses on the impact of battery pack capacity, cost, and electricity prices on the amortized daily total cost of fleet electrification at different penetration levels, considering availability of fast
Wendimagegnehu, Yared TadesseAyalew, BeshahIvanco, AndrejHailemichael, Habtamu
In the United States (US), the off-road sector (i.e., agriculture, construction, etc.) contributes to approximately 10% of the country’s transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, similar to the aviation sector. The off-road sector is extremely diverse; as the EPA MOVES model classifies it into 11 sub-sectors, which include 85 different types of equipment. These equipment types have horsepower ranging from 1 to greater than 3000 and have very different utilization, which makes decarbonization a complex endeavor. To address this, Argonne’s on-road vehicle fleet model, VISION, has been expanded to the off-road sector. The GHG emission factors for several energy carriers (biofuels, electricity, and hydrogen) have been incorporated from Argonne’s GREET model for a sector-wide well-to-wheel (WTW) GHG emissions analysis of the present and future fleet. Several technology adoption and energy decarbonization scenarios were modeled to better understand the appropriate actions required to
Tripathi, ShashwatKolodziej, ChristopherGohlke, DavidBurnham, AndrewZhou, YanLongman, Douglas
In 2022, the U.S. transportation sector was the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the country, with the combination of passenger and commercial vehicles contributing 80% of these emissions. As adoption of passenger electric vehicles continues to climb, sights are being set on the electrification of heavy-duty commercial vehicle (HDCV) fleets. The sustainability of these shifts relies in part on the addition of significant renewable energy generation resources to both bolster the grid in the face of increased demand, and to prevent a shift in the source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the grid, as opposed to a true net reduction. Additionally, it is necessary to quantify the variations in economic viability across the country for these technologies as it pertains to their productive capabilities. Doing so will encourage investment and ensure that the transition to electrified HDCV fleets is commercially viable, as well as sustainable. In an effort to meet these goals
Miller, BrandonSun, RuixiaoSujan, Vivek
Based on the harmonic current injection method used to suppress the torsional vibration of the electric drive system, the selection of the phase and amplitude of the harmonic current based on vibration and noise has been explored in this paper. Through the adoption of the active harmonic current injection method, additional torque fluctuations are generated by actively injecting harmonic currents of specific amplitudes and phases, and closed-loop control is carried out to counteract the torque fluctuations of the motor body. The selection of the magnitude of the injected harmonic current is crucial and plays a vital role in the reduction of torque ripple. Incorrect harmonic currents may not achieve the optimal torque ripple suppression effect or even increase the motor torque ripple. Since the actively injected harmonic current is used to counteract the torque ripple caused by the magnetic flux linkage harmonics of the motor body, the target harmonic current command is very important
Jing, JunchaoZhang, JunzhiLiu, YiqiangHuang, WeishanDai, Zhengxing
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) recently received a relevant interest as an electric power generation technology in Fuel Cells Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors as a complement to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). However, the massive requirements of power and durability indicate the urgent need to develop higher-than-ever power density designs with minimum internal gradients to mitigate degradation, discarding sub-optimal designs since the early design stage. Starting from the outcomes of a first study, confirming that for industry-relevant PEMFCs the parallel channel flow field was the only archetype able to minimize jointly pressure losses and limiting super-saturation at high current density, still several degrees of freedom exist for the cell designer. In this study, the research of the optimal PEMFC design is fine-tuned using a CAE-guided design process. Candidate solutions are explored using an optimization software and solving for
Rossi, EdoardoCroci, FedericoMartoccia, LorenzoCicalese, GiuseppeD'Adamo, Alessandro
As the first pure electric flagship sedan under the Geely Galaxy brand, a challenging aerodynamic target was set at the early stage of Geely Galaxy E8 for reducing electric power consumption and improving vehicle range. In response, the aerodynamic team formulated a detailed development plan and an overall drag reduction strategy. After conducting numerous loops of simulations and wind tunnel tests, along with continuous cross-disciplinary communication and collaboration, a product with outstanding aerodynamic performance was successfully developed. During the aerodynamic development of the E8, the primarily utilized steady-state simulations sometimes revealed significant discrepancies when compared to wind tunnel test results, particularly in schemes such as the air curtain, aerodynamic rims, and rear light feature optimizations. Some trends were even contradictory. Further investigations demonstrated that unsteady simulation methods captured different flow field information
Li, QiangLiu, HuanYang, TianjunLiang, ChangqiuZhu, ZhenyingLiao, Huihong
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum performance standards for equipment used as secondary alternating current (AC) electrical power sources in aerospace electric power systems.
AE-7B Power Management, Distribution and Storage
It might look like a roll of chicken wire, but this tiny cylinder of carbon atoms — too small to see with the naked eye — could one day be used for making electronic devices ranging from night vision goggles and motion detectors to more efficient solar cells, thanks to techniques developed by researchers at Duke University.
Efuels, synthetic gasolines made from captured carbon dioxide and renewable energy (usually wind and solar power), are “a valuable part of the solution,” said Aston Martin CEO Adrian Hallmark at a press briefing in New York on January 31. He described the process of creating the fuel as “really clean,” but also cited a rather off-putting price: $31 a gallon in the U.S. Still, Hallmark thinks eFuels could be a way for Aston to continue producing at least a few V12-powered cars in the coming electric future. Other automakers agree, but the battle over eFuels has by no means reached a cease-fire.
Motavalli, Jim
The Chinese demand for coal necessitates the transportation over long distances, due to the disparity between its availability and the need. With the increase of coal demand, the scale of railroad transportation is also gradually expanding, which leads to the increasingly prominent problem of coal transportation safety. Especially in the transportation process, coal dust explosion has become an important safety hazard due to the accumulation of a large amount of coal dust in some specific Spaces. Therefore, the study of coal dust explosion suppression has become an urgent task at present. The solution to this problem is of great significance to ensure the safety of coal transportation. In this study, the explosion suppression of coal dust by four types of molecular sieves was experimentally analyzed using the Hartmann flame propagation test equipment, and the results showed that mesoporous molecular sieves were far superior to microporous molecular sieves in suppressing explosions. The
DongYe, ShengjingZhang, YansongChen, JinsheYang, YangWang, FeiHan, Jin
The Object of research in the article is the ventilation and cooling system of bulb hydrogenerators. The Subject of study in the article is the design and efficiency of using the cooling system of various structural types for bulb hydro units. The Purpose of the work is to carry out a three-dimensional study of two cooling systems (axial and radial) of the bulb hydro unit of the Kanivskaya HPP with a rated 22 MW. Research Tasks include analysis of the main design solutions for effective cooling of bulb-type hydrogenerators, in particular, the use of radial, axial, and mixed cooling systems; formulation of the main assumptions for the three-dimensional ventilation and thermal calculation of the bulb hydrogenerator; carrying out a three-dimensional calculation for a hydrogenerator with axial ventilation; determining airflow speeds in the channels and temperatures of active parts of the hydrogenerator under the conditions of using discharge fans and without them; carrying out a three
Tretiak, OleksiiArefieva, MariiaMakarov, PavloSerhiienko, SerhiiZhukov, AntonShulga, IrynaPenkovska, NataliiaKravchenko, StanislavKovryga, Anton
This research investigates the potential of salt gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) as a sustainable and effective solution for thermal energy storage. The study examines the design, construction, and performance of SGSP systems that incorporate coal cinder, comparing their performance with traditional SGSPs without coal cinder. A combination of experimental and numerical approaches is used to evaluate the thermal characteristics and energy efficiency of these systems. The findings indicate that the salt gradient solar pond with coal cinder (SGSP-CC) achieves notably higher temperatures across the Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), Non-Convective Zone (NCZ), and Lower Convective Zone (LCZ), with measured temperatures of 42.57°C, 56.8°C, and 69.86°C, respectively. These represent increases of 7.53%, 12.01%, and 15.49% over those in the conventional SGSP (SGSP-C). Additionally, the energy efficiency gains in the UCZ, NCZ, and LCZ for the SGSP-CC are noteworthy, with increases of 38.06%, 39.61%, and
J, Vinoth Kumar
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study primarily examines the use of Haste alloy in vehicle applications and suggests creating regression models to predict performance parameters in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, and mathematical equations are derived using multiple regression models. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the statistical significance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed regression models for Haste alloy are more versatile
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeD, PalanisamySilambarasan, RKrishnamachary, PC
The integration of advanced horizontal axis turbines (HATs) into unmanned marine vehicles (UMVs) significantly enhances their operational efficiency by providing power sources. These vehicles, designed for diverse applications, require efficient power systems to operate autonomously over extended periods. The major disadvantages are limited battery life and energy storage capabilities that restrict the operational range and endurance of the UMVs. Utilizing HATs in UMVs provides a renewable energy source, reducing operational costs. This continuous power supply enhances mission capabilities and promotes energy independence, making them ideal for long-term missions. Thus, using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analyses were carried out. For the hydrodynamic scenario, a velocity of 10 m/s and for the aerodynamic case, 27.7778 m/s, were taken into consideration. It is concluded that the UMV with Stepped HAT modification can be effectively employed for
Gunasekaran, Durga DeviKannan, HaridharanSourirajan, LaxanaVinayagam, GopinathGnanasekaran, Raj KumarKulandaiyappan, Naveen KumarStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanRaja, Vijayanandh
This work addresses an innovative method for improving energy harvesting in Bladeless wind turbines (BWT) by implementing profile modifications to the wind turbine for fixing it in Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV). The streamlined flow undergoes a transformation and generates a vortex in the vicinity of the structure when the wind impacts the BWT. As the velocity increases, the wind strikes the structure with greater force, resulting in an imbalance that causes the structure to vibrate. To convert this vibrational energy of the wind turbine into electrical energy, the research investigates the use of a variety of profile modifications to capitalize on the aerodynamic effect generated by the structure. The entire cylindrical shape is altered to tapered shape, airfoil shapes with coordinates such as NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 4412 and 4420. In addition to these shapes, hybrid models were also constructed by merging models made from two airfoil coordinates, including NACA 0018 & 4412, NACA
Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani PriyadharshiniRajendran, MahendranArumugam, ManikandanRaji, Arul PrakashSakthivel, PradeshStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanGanesan, BalajiRaja, Vijayanandh
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study focuses on Cupronickel and suggests creating predictive models to anticipate performance metrics in ECM through regression analysis. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized to deduce the mathematical equations. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. The proposed prediction technique for Cupronickel is more adaptable, efficient, and accurate in comparison to current models, providing enhanced monitoring capabilities. The updated models have
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanSagaya Raj, GnanaSilambarasan, RSomsole, Lakshmi Narayana
Copper Antimony Sulfide (CuSbS2) is a promising ternary semiconductor for use as an absorber layer in third-generation thin film heterojunction solar cells. This newly developed optoelectronic material offers a viable alternative to cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium di-selenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) due to its composition of inexpensive, readily available, and non-toxic elements. These films were successfully produced at an optimal substrate temperature of 533 K using the conventional spray technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies confirm that the films exhibit a chalcostibite structure. Characterization studies reveal that the films possess lattice parameters of a = 0.60 nm, b = 0.38 nm, and c = 1.45 nm, with an absorption coefficient of 105 cm-1 and a band gap of 1.50 eV. Notably, the films exhibit p-type conductivity. All of these studies confirm that CuSbS2 is an excellent choice for the absorber layer in solar cell applications. An attempt was made in this study to
Kumar, YB KishoreYb, KiranTarigonda, HariprasadReddy M, Surya Sekhar
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a remarkably effective technique for producing detailed designs in materials that can conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. As the desire for high-quality products and the necessity for rapid design changes grow, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly intricate. This work focuses on Titanium Grade 19 and proposes the development of prediction models using regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are designed using Taguchi's methodology, employing a multiple regression approach to produce mathematical equations. The Taguchi technique is utilized for the purpose of single-objective optimization in order to determine the optimal combination of process parameters that will optimize the rate at which material is removed. ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the relevance of process factors that impact performance indicators. The suggested prediction technique for
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanRamesh Naik, MudeSilambarasan, RD, Palanisamy
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. With the growing demand for superior products and the increasing necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing industry becomes increasingly complex. The primary objective of this work is to concentrate on Cupronickel and suggest the creation of predictive models through the utilization of a Taguchi-grey technique for the purpose of multi-objective optimization in ECM. The trials follow Taguchi’s principles and utilize a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) technique to maximize numerous performance indicators concurrently. This involves optimizing the pace at which material is removed while decreasing the roughness of the surface and obtaining precise geometric tolerances. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the importance of process factors that influence these
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeC, NavyaSomsole, Lakshmi NarayanaSilambarasan, R
The process of electrochemical machining, often known as ECM, is capable of effectively shaping complicated structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of the materials' level of hardness hence especially used for automobile and aerospace applications. As a result of the demand for high-quality products and the desire for rapid design changes, the manner in which decisions are made in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly contentious. With the assistance of regression analysis, this study proposes the development of predictive models for the purpose of forecasting the performance measures in electrochemical machining of Nimonic alloy. The trials are designed in accordance with Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized in order to derive the mathematical equations. Taguchi's method can be applied as a methodology for single objective optimization in order to attain the most optimal combination of process parameters for the purpose
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeSagaya Raj, GnanaSilambarasan, RKiruthika, Jothi
This research explores the use of salt gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) as an environmentally friendly and efficient method for thermal energy storage. The study focuses on the design, construction, and performance evaluation of SGSP systems integrated with reflectors, comparing their effectiveness against conventional SGSP setups without reflectors. Both experimental and numerical methods are employed to thoroughly assess the thermal behavior and energy efficiency of these systems. The findings reveal that the SGSP with reflectors (SGSP-R) achieves significantly higher temperatures across all three zones—Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), Non-Convective Zone (NCZ), and Lower Convective Zone (LCZ)—with recorded temperatures of 40.56°C, 54.2°C, and 63.1°C, respectively. These values represent an increase of 6.33%, 11.12%, and 14.26% over the temperatures observed in the conventional SGSP (SGSP-C). Furthermore, the energy efficiency improvements in the UCZ, NCZ, and LCZ for the SGSP-R are
J, Vinoth Kumar
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their level of hardness. With the rising demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly complex. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 7 and suggests creating prediction models through regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, utilizing a multiple regression approach to deduce mathematical equations. The Taguchi method is utilized for single-objective optimization in order to determine the ideal combination of process parameters that will maximize the material removal rate. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the relevance of process factors that affect performance measures. The suggested prediction technique for Titanium Grade 7 exhibits
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeKumar, VKrishnamachary, PCSomsole, Lakshmi NarayanaSilambarasan, R
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design adjustments, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has grown increasingly intricate. This study specifically examines Titanium Grade 7 and suggests the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for predictive modelling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the goal of concurrently maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and achieving precise geometric tolerances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to assess the relevance of process characteristics that impact these performance measures. The ANFIS model presented for Titanium Grade 7 provides more flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy in
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeD, PalanisamyKiruthika, JothiSilambarasan, R
NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted motion in floating structures. Ideally suited to applications including offshore wind energy platforms and barges, the innovation uses water ballast as a motion damping fluid. Various designs have been developed to suit a number of different configurations depending on the specific applications.
The selection of the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) crucially impacts the performance. This work developed a model of the fuel cell system model to simulate the power consumption of component and system and the temperature dynamic response of stack in real systems. A PEMFC simulation model was developed based on AMESim, encompassing the air supply subsystem, hydrogen supply subsystem, and the hydrothermal management subsystem. The parameters for the flow and pressure of hydrogen, air, and water were established based on the operational requirements to ensure efficient stack performance. Furthermore, a PID control model was employed to regulate the flow and pressure parameters of hydrogen, air, and water, in accordance with the operational requirements, to ensure optimal PEMFC system performance.The purpose of this study is to predict the power consumption of the key components and the overall system, as well as to analyze the compliance with fuel supply
Yu, PeiwenWang, YanboZhao, XiaojunPan, FengwenShi, BaofanYang, FengQiao, XingnianShan, FengxiangCheng, XiaoxianZhang, YaranZhang, ChunSun, YulingGao, YongFeng, Gang
The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) with thermoelectric generators (TEGs) presents a solution to the challenge of unstable output resulting from fluctuations in the heat source. This study involved the establishment of an experimental test setup for PCM-TEG system to examine the impact of heat source power on the thermoelectric performance of PCM-TEG system. The results suggest that incorporating PCM effectively mitigates output voltage fluctuations, while higher heating power levels correspond to a notable extension in effective operational duration. In situations of low heat source power, incomplete PCM melting may lead to a significant decline in electricity generation during non-heating stages. Notably, the electricity generation during non-heating stages at 90 W heating power surpasses that at 30 W heating power by a factor of 11.78. Furthermore, the electricity generated during non-heating stages contributes to 22.4% of the total electricity generation. These
Tian, MengWu, FengyuZuo, AoXuan, ZhiweiZhao, Yulong
The inductance parameter is important for the flux regulation performance of the hybrid excitation motor, and the axial structure leads to the change in the inductance parameter of the axial-radial hybrid excitation motor (ARHEM). To clarify the inductance characteristic of the ARHEM with different winding construction and the mutual coupling effect between the axial excitation and permanent magnet excitation on the inductance. Firstly, the structure of the ARHEM is presented. Secondly, the self and mutual inductance characteristics of ARHEM are analyzed using the winding function method. Then, the influence of the axial excitation structure on the armature reaction field and saliency ratio of ARHEM. On this basis, the mechanism of the mutual coupling, between the axial excitation and permanent magnet field under different excitation currents on the main air gap magnetic field, and the inductance of ARHEM with fractional slot are revealed.
Fu, DongXueZhao, HeweiWu, QiminYuan, ChunweiWang, DongQiu, Hongbo
Photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has garnered significant attention due to its zero carbon emissions and its potential to address the issue of grid fluctuations associated with solar power generation. However, the direct coupling technology for photovoltaic electrolyzer system remains underdeveloped, leading to the predominance of indirect coupling methods. This limitation results in a low overall conversion efficiency, which significantly hinders the application and promotion of this technology. In this paper, we first constructed a set of miniaturized photovoltaic water electrolysis devices, utilizing commercial photovoltaic modules and self-manufactured electrolyzer, and subsequently tested the operational characteristics of both components. Based on the experimental results, we established a simulation model for direct coupling of photovoltaic water electrolysis. This model incorporates the concept of supplying photovoltaic power to the electrolytic
Geng, JiafengSu, DiDeng, TongkunMo, LuotongLi, HaojieHu, LanwenGuo, Chenyu
With the increase in vehicle population, the environmental problems caused by excessive carbon emissions from vehicles are becoming increasingly serious. Currently, China is actively promoting the development of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions. However, the electricity used by electric vehicles is a secondary energy source, and thermal power generation still dominates China's current power structure, so electric vehicles will indirectly contribute to carbon emissions during use. Calculating and analysing the carbon emissions of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles will give a better idea of the environmental advantages of electric vehicles. In this paper, the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) are selected, and the energy consumption is calculated by the energy consumption formula of fuel and electric vehicles under different conditions, and the carbon emission is obtained by the carbon emission coefficients of gasoline and electric energy. Through MATLAB calculation
Xie, HaonanLin, Guangyu
In recent years, the amount of industrial sewage sludge awaiting treatment has continued to rise steadily, posing serious risks to human health and the ecological environment if mishandled. This study proposes a photothermal-driven supercritical water co-gasification of sludge-coal thermochemical synergistic conversion system for efficient hydrogen production. The main feature is that the medium-low temperature exothermic heating method uses concentrated solar energy to provide reaction heat for the co-gasification process. This approach synergistically converts solar energy into syngas chemical energy while meeting the heat demand of the co-gasification hydrogen production process. The results show that this co-gasification system for hydrogen production can achieve an energy efficiency of 56.82%. The sensitivity analysis shows that the molar flow rate of hydrogen increased from 44.02 kmol/h to 217.51 kmol/h as the gasification temperature increased from 500°C to 700°C. The concluded
Li, GuangyangXue, XiaodongWang, Yulin
In the highly demanding domain of advanced technologies, Wire Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) has distinguished itself as one of the most promising methods for the efficient machining of sophisticated composite materials. As a critical advanced machining process, EDM caters to the stringent requirements for intricate geometries and effective material removal. This study focuses on Al6063 Alloy Composites reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Fly Ash, materials celebrated for their high strength, exceptional oxidation-corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. These composites are widely applied across aerospace, marine, automotive industries, nuclear power, and oilfield sectors. The current research involves a rigorous experimental analysis and parametric optimization of the aluminum matrix composite utilizing EDM. The primary objective is to fine-tune the process parameters, including pulse-off time, current, and taper angle. The experiments were designed and conducted
Sivaram Kotha, M. N. V. S. A.Chinta, Anil KumarGuru Dattatreya, G.S.Lava Kumar, M.Surange, Vinod G.Seenivasan, Madhankumar
The solar-based hybrid automotive vehicle represents a trend marked by technological excellence, offering an efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution. Besides, the enhancement of solar absorption due to poor weather is influenced by poor solar power with reduced photocurrent density. This research focuses on enhancing the solar power and photocurrent density of conventional solar cells featuring aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films (AZO) using the Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (MIST CVD) process with a zinc acetate precursor solution processed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400°C. To investigate the effect of AZO on the functional behaviour of solar cells, microstructural studies utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the concentration of AZO and the alignment of Al/ZnO peaks as even. As a result, this research demonstrates a 21% increase in solar power output compared to conventional Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) cells, with an improvement in
Venkatesh, R.De Poures, Melvin VictorThangamani, P.Manivannan, S.Devanathan, C.Boopathi, M. SugadevaBaranitharan, BalakrishnanMadhu, S.Kaliyaperumal, Gopal
This paper proposes a theoretical drive cycle for the competition, considering the battery pack project under design. The vehicle has a non-reversible, double-stage gear train, created without a dynamic investigation. To evaluate the effect on performance, several ratios were analyzed. Dynamic model uses Eksergian’s Equation of Motion to evaluate car equivalent mass (generalized inertia), and external forces acting on the vehicle. The circuit is divided into key locations where the driver is likely to accelerate or brake, based on a predicted behavior. MATLAB ODE Solver executed the numerical integration, evaluating time forward coordinates, creating the drive cycle. Linear gear train results provided data as boundary conditions for a second round of simulations performed with epicyclic gear trains. Model is updated to include their nonlinearity by differential algebraic equation employment with Lagrange multipliers. All data undergoes evaluation to ascertain the mechanical and
Rodrigues, Patrícia Mainardi TortorelliSilveira, Henrique Leandro
Adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) reduces air pollution by reducing harmful gas emissions. Such adoption, however, needs a reliable and convenient charging infrastructure, including smart EV charging. Renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic cells, battery and wind energy systems can address these infrastructural gaps which work in conjunction with main grid power supply thereby providing low-cost electricity. This paper introduces an energy management algorithm for integrated renewable and grid power sources available at charging stations across India that considers techno-economic and environmental factors. The current work proposes a supervisory controller model that manages the load power demand of the charging station. The controller effectively deploys low cost energy sources based on the status of all available power supplies and reduces the overall charging costs in real time. The energy management algorithm ensures adequate stand-alone energy generation and
Shukla, AnkitKushwah, Yogendra SinghSuman, Saurabh
Nestled in the Himalayas, the Kingdom of Bhutan demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainability and environmental conservation, guided by its constitution and the philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH). This commitment is underpinned by policies in conservation, waste management, and energy practices. Despite efforts to promote clean energy, Bhutan relies heavily on non-renewable sources—coal, biomass, and petroleum—accounting for 62.4% of its energy mix, while hydropower, wind, and solar contribute 37.6%. The government has introduced initiatives like the “Low Emission Development Strategy” and the “EV Roadmap 2035” to encourage electric vehicle (EV) adoption. However, the transport sector consumes over 108,768.10 KTOE (14.4% of total energy use), with vehicle sales rising at a CAGR of 6.7% from 75,190 in 2014 to 126,650 in 2023. Yet, only 0.36% of these vehicles are electric, while others contributing to 60.01% of the country's carbon dioxide emissions. By referencing
Wangchuk, SingyeDema, Dorji
It’s common knowledge that a major challenge for solar energy is how to store excess energy produced when conditions are right, like noon-time sun, so that it can be used later. The usual answer is batteries. But renewable energy resources are causing problems for the electricity grid in other ways as well. In a warm, sunny location like California, mid-afternoon had been a time of peak demand for the electric utility, but with solar it’s now a time of peak output.
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