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Primer, Anodic Electrodeposition for Aircraft Applications

AMS3144B (Current)

06/30/2025

This specification establishes the requirements for a waterborne, corrosion-inhibiting, chemical- and solvent-resistant, anodic electrodeposition epoxy primer capable of curing at 200 to 210 °F (93 to 99 °C).

AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee

Grease: Wide Temperature Range Lithium or Lithium Complex Thickened for Aircraft Wheel Bearings

AMS3058B (Current)

06/30/2025

This specification covers grease for use on aircraft wheel bearings. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in the grease formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in 2.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a qualified products list (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before a grease is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific grease in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builder and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this

AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee

Aircraft Fuel System and Component Icing Test

ARP1401C (Current)06/27/2025

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers a brief discussion of the icing problem in aircraft fuel systems and the different means that have been used to test for icing. Fuel preparation and icing test procedures for aircraft fuel systems and components are proposed herein as a recommended practice to be used for fixed wing and rotary-wing aircraft within their operational environment. This ARP mostly addresses aircraft fuel system level testing and provides a means to address the requirements of FAR 14 CFR § 23.951(c), § 25.951(c), § 27.951(c), and § 29.951(c). In the context of this ARP, the engine and the auxiliary power unit (APU) are not considered to be components of the aircraft fuel system. However, some of the methods described in this document can be applied to the engine, APU, and other aircraft (system or component level) icing tests. This revision does not completely address new developments in ice accretion and release resulting from internal flow in tubing

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel, Inerting and Lubrication Sys Committee

Pulse and Polynomial Functions to Predict Vehicle Acceleration Using Event Data Recorder Delta-V in Frontal and Rear-End Collisions

2025-01-5046

06/27/2025

The lack of recorded acceleration and limited Delta-V (ΔV) resolution in many vehicle event data recorders necessitates the development of a method to predict continuous vehicle acceleration based on ΔV responses. This study developed a method of obtaining continuous acceleration by regressing pulse functions (triangular, half-sine, haversine) and polynomial functions (orders 3–6) to a ΔV curve and deriving the corresponding acceleration–time curve. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated using real-world ΔV response data from front and rear-end collisions. Comparisons were performed between peak and average acceleration values from each front and rear-end crash pulse. Results indicated that a triangular pulse function predicted similar peak acceleration values to the vehicle’s actual acceleration in frontal and rear-end impacts. Average acceleration in frontal impacts was best predicted utilizing a fifth-order polynomial, while a sixth-order polynomial demonstrated the best

Westrom, Clyde, Adanty, Kevin, Shimada, Sean D.

Minimum Sound Testing of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

2025-01-5044

06/27/2025

The acoustic performance of seven vehicles was evaluated according to Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 141 (CMVSS 141), which governs minimum required sound levels for hybrid and electric vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. To better understand the sound profiles of medium-duty electric vehicles (MDEVs) and heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEVs), the sound emissions of two light-duty electric vehicles (LDEVs), one MDEV, three HDEVs, including an electric transit bus, and one heavy-duty internal combustion engine (HD ICE) vehicle were compared. The sound emissions of the MDEV and HDEVs were quieter than the HD ICE vehicle and comparable to that of the LDEVs equipped with auxiliary speakers. The MDEV with its auxiliary speaker turned off and all three HDEVs without auxiliary speakers met CMVSS 141 requirements in reverse gear and at speeds of 20 km/h and 30 km/h. The MDEV, though not subject to CMVSS 141, failed to meet the minimum sound

Sharma, Vinay, Larocque-Legros, Marc-André, Weston, Cole, Schulte, Andrew, Christenson, Martha, Rooney, Anne

Study on Energy Stability of Automotive Door Slamming Simulation Using Abaqus/Explicit

2025-01-5047

06/27/2025

Energy stability is considered as a significant engineering challenge during transient event simulations using Abaqus/Explicit dynamics. This study focuses on the simulation of automotive door slamming impact to analyze the factors influencing total energy stability systematically. Contact pairs, general contacts, and nonlinear connection elements are identified as factors having the most substantial impact on energy stability. Additionally, the study proposes a novel Explicit dynamics modeling method conducive to achieving total energy stability. By addressing the issue of energy stability in Explicit dynamics, this research contributes to enhancing the accuracy of transient dynamic analysis.

Liu, Xiangzheng, Deng, Xiongzhi, Wu, Tianyang

Nonlinear Finite Element Calculation of Ultimate Breakage Load for Pyro-Inflator Housing

2025-01-5045

06/27/2025

Accurate prediction of the ultimate breakage pressure load for pyro-inflator housing is a critical aspect of inflator development. In this study, the tensile test of a specimen, from its initial shape to fracture, is simulated to verify the material properties of the inflator housing. The numerical results demonstrate high accuracy, with the tensile force–displacement curve, maximum tensile force, necking in the concentrated instability zone, fracture location, and inclined angle all closely matching the experimental data. Following material correlation, the ultimate breakage load of the inflator housing under hydrostatic burst test conditions is calculated using an explicit solver. A stress tensor state analysis method is proposed to define the ultimate load based on the onset of plastic instability in the thickness direction at the top center of the inflator. Compared to experimental results, the accuracy of the ultimate breakage pressure prediction using this method is 99.04%, while

Wang, Cheng

A Dynamic Hydroplaning Study: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Model for Road Vehicle Tire Analysis

15-18-03-0015

06/24/2025

Hydroplaning contributes to approximately 20% of traffic accidents during adverse weather conditions, with factors such as velocity, water film thickness, tire inflation, and vehicle weight playing significant roles. This study aims to simulate the hydroplaning phenomenon using a fluid–structure interaction model based on the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) capabilities of ABAQUS. Results reveal that vehicle linear velocity is a key determinant of hydroplaning risk, with a positive correlation observed. The findings suggest maintaining speeds under 50 km/h to mitigate hydroplaning risk, contingent on well-maintained, properly inflated tires. Multiple linear regression analysis further demonstrates correlations among velocity, tire inflation, quarter vehicle load, and water film thickness in predicting the reaction force between the tire and roadway. The proposed scheme provides a predictive mechanism for hydroplaning risk under varying conditions, offering valuable insights into

Aboelsaoud, Mostafa, Taha, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Abo Elazm, Mohamed, Elgamal, Hassan Anwar

Research on Multi-Material Lightweight of Electric Vehicle Battery Box

13-06-02-0013

06/23/2025

To select appropriate lightweight materials and optimize their integration with battery enclosure components for enhanced performance and weight reduction, this study proposes a material selection strategy driven by mechanical property indices combined with the CRITIC-weighted TOPSIS method. Initially, a decision matrix incorporating bending stiffness indices was established based on the deformation characteristics of battery enclosures, focusing on commonly used metallic materials. The CRITIC-weighted TOPSIS method was employed to standardize data dimensions, determine objective weight coefficients, and calculate relative closeness coefficients for candidate material screening. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis identified critical components significantly influencing operational conditions, followed by integrated material and dimensional optimization to determine the optimal solution. The optimized battery enclosure achieved a weight reduction of 15.56 kg, with a reduction rate of

Liu, Junfeng, Kang, Yuanchun

Compound, Alkaline Rust Remover Aircraft Turbine Engine Components

AMS1379A (Current)

06/23/2025

This specification covers an alkaline rust remover compound in the form of a liquid concentrate or a water-soluble powder for dilution with water.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Study of Processing Parameters and Aging Treatments on Relative Density and Microhardness of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel

05-19-02-0012

06/23/2025

This research examined maraging steel (C300), which is widely used in the automotive industry. The study investigated how various 3D printing parameters—laser power (P), scanning speed (V), and layer spacing (H)—as well as post-processing heat treatment factors such as time (t) and temperature (T) affect the properties of C300 steel produced via selective laser melting (SLM). The primary properties assessed included relative density, porosity, hardness, and microstructure. The first part of the analysis focused on how processing parameters, time, and temperature influenced porosity types and manufacturing defects. Subsequently, ANOVA was employed to explore the sensitivity of relative density and microhardness to these parameters. The results revealed an optimal combination of parameters that improved both microstructural and mechanical properties. Additionally, the post-processing heat treatment was found to impact microhardness by modifying the microstructure and martensite lath size

Jaballah, Ola, Omidi, Narges, Iltaf, Asim, Barka, Noureddine, El Ouafi, Abderrazak

Road Noise Improvement Method for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Bushing Stiffness Optimization

10-09-04-0032

06/23/2025

The chassis bushing is one of the key components affecting the vibration isolation efficiency of a vehicle, and a comprehensive optimization method combining the experimental process and transmission path analysis (TPA) is proposed to reduce the low- and medium-frequency road noise response in the passenger compartment of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). First, the noise signals were obtained in the vehicle road noise test under two working conditions of 40 and 60 km/h at uniform speeds on rough road surfaces. Then, the excitation transmission path was analyzed based on the structural noise transmission model, and the chassis bushing parts with more considerable vibration isolation contribution were screened out. By matching the stiffness values of the chassis bushings in the optimization problem through experimental methods, the optimization scheme reduces the stiffness of the front swing arm bushing and the rear longitudinal arm bushing by 30%. Additionally, a flexible connection is

Liu, Ke, Liao, Yinghua, Wang, Hongrui, Zhou, Junchao

Compound, Hot Carbon and Paint Remover Aircraft Turbine Engine Components

AMS1385A (Current)

06/23/2025

This specification covers a solvent-based compound in the form of a liquid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Yaw Motion of Motor Vehicles

2025-01-5043

06/20/2025

Vehicular accident reconstruction is intended to explain the stages of a collision. This also includes the description of the driving trajectories of vehicles. Stored driving data is now often available for accident reconstruction, increasingly including gyroscopic sensor readings. Driving dynamics parameters such as lateral acceleration in various driving situations are already well studied, but angular rates such as those around the yaw axis are little described in the literature. This study attempts to reduce this gap somewhat by evaluating high-frequency measurement data from real, daily driving operations in the field. 813 driving maneuvers, captured by accident data recorders, were analyzed in detail and statistically evaluated. These devices also make it possible to record events without an accident. The key findings show the average yaw rates as a function of driving speed as well as the ratio between mean and associated peak yaw rate. Beyond that, considerably lower yaw rates

Fuerbeth, Uwe

Increasing Wear Strength and Life Cycle of Tamping Machine Tool by Silicon Carbide Coating for Railway Maintenance

05-19-02-0011

06/19/2025

When a train passes continuously over a section of the track, the track gradually moves away from the intended vertical and horizontal alignment with time and repeated use. Regular maintenance on the track, such as leveling, lifting, lining, and tamping, is necessary to maintain the optimal geometry of the track. Ballast is leveled and squeezed by hydraulic rams in tamping machines. The tamping is a process of ballast packing under railway tracks. In current system a set of tungsten carbide chips are attached either by welding or by coating on tamping tool tip made of EN24 steels. These tungsten carbide chips directly come in contact with the ballasts. After few tamping works, gradually these chips torn out and need to be replaced after certain period. Tungsten carbide is a costly material, therefore this research deals with replacement of tungsten carbide with silicon carbide (easily available cheaper) coating used for tamping tools tip. The study consists of microstructural

Mishra, Mamta, Pandey, Manas, Singh, Shruti, Srivastava, Sanjay, Kumar, Jitendra

A Machine Learning–Based Predictive Modeling for Optimizing the Critical Useful Life of Aeroengines: A Field Maintenance Perspective

01-18-02-0009

06/19/2025

Establishing critical useful life plays a central role to determine aeroengine health status including aeroengine parameter changes from adverse material conditions or metal fatigue. The useful life assessment serves to support maintenance teams by enabling predictive maintenance followed by part replacement or conditions improvement. The proposed research works to improve the ability of turbofan aeroengine useful life estimation while targeting practical deployment during maintenance operations at field locations. A field maintenance–oriented ensemble bagged regression model for aeroengines represents the proposed method within this research. The present study reaches an error index of 7.06 with 98.95% model fitness when applying it to critical useful life training data. The projected model received its validation through experiments on test and field datasets. Field tests revealed that among 25 machine learning models the proposed model delivered optimal results since its error index

Singh, Shaktiyavesh Nandan Pratap, Shringi, Rohitashwa, Chaturvedi, Manish, Kumar, Ajay

Effect of Copper on Extrudability of High-Strength AA6082 Aluminum Alloys

05-19-02-0010

06/19/2025

There is a critical need to understand and optimize the extrudability of AA6xxx alloys, which are widely used in industries such as automotive and aerospace due to their favorable combination of strength, formability, and corrosion resistance. Surface cracking during the extrusion process remains a significant challenge, compromising the material’s mechanical properties and product quality. While previous studies have investigated surface cracking using various techniques, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially regarding the role of important alloying elements such as copper. Therefore, this research provides a thorough investigation of the effect of copper additions on the solidus temperature, hot deformation behavior, and extrudability of AA6xxx alloys. Using experimental and numerical methods, the material’s solidus temperature and constitutive behavior were determined. Extrusion trials were conducted for alloys with different copper levels using a flat die over a

Wang, Xiaoying, Shehryar Khan, Muhammad, Wells, Mary A., Poole, Warren J., Parson, Nick

Deep Learning–Based Prediction of Suspension Dynamics Performance in Multi-Axle Vehicles

15-18-03-0014

06/19/2025

This article is mainly to present a deep learning–based framework for predicting the dynamic performance of suspension systems for multi-axle vehicles, which emphasizes the integration of machine learning with traditional vehicle dynamics modeling. A multitask deep belief network deep neural network (MTL-DBN-DNN) was developed to capture the relationships between key vehicle parameters and suspension performance. Numerical simulation–generated data were utilized to train the model. This model also showed better prediction accuracy and computational speed compared to traditional deep neural network (DNN) models. Full sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to understand how different vehicle and suspension parameters may affect suspension dynamic performance. Furthermore, we introduce the suspension dynamic performance index (SDPI) in order to measure and quantify overall suspension performance and the effectiveness of multiple parameters. The findings highlight the

Lin, Bo-Yi, Lin, Kai-Chun

Learning-Based Predictive Controller for Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles

14-14-02-0015

06/19/2025

This article aims at presenting a learning-based predictive control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in the presence of uncertainty, where the controller structure and energy efficiency of the HEV is simultaneously optimized. The proposed approach includes development of a Bayesian optimization (BO)–based control structure optimization method, followed by an eco-driving–based hierarchical robust energy management strategy (EMS) development for connected and automated HEVs. To apply the learning-based strategy online, we also introduce an approach with approximate cost function for the BO to reduce training and computation time and improve energy in a given trip. The control structure is described by a parameter vector, which is updated, using BO, in an episodic fashion with the performance of the EMS and the computation time. With the current control structure, the hierarchical EMS includes a high-level powertrain energy manager that takes long-term decisions, and a low

HomChaudhuri, Baisravan, Iranzo Juan, Ignacio

Developing Military Light Utility Vehicle Performance Based on Air Semi-Active Suspension System Using Recurrent Neural Network–Based Controller

10-09-04-0030

06/19/2025

This research presents a semi-active suspension system that combines an air spring and a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper to produce both active force and variable damping rates based on the road conditions. The suspension system used for the military light utility vehicle (MLUV) has seven degrees of freedom. A nonlinear model predictive control system generates the desired active force for the air spring control signal, while the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) estimates the target tracking of the intended damping force. The recurrent neural network is designed to develop a controller for an identification system. To achieve the optimal voltage for the MR damper without log time, it is used to simultaneously determine the active control force of the air spring by modifying the necessary damping force tracking. The MLUV suspension system is integrated with the traction control system to improve overall vehicle stability. A fuzzy traction controller adjusts the throttle angle

Shehata Gad, A.

J1939 Digital Annex

J1939DA_202506 (Current)06/18/2025

This document is intended to supplement the J1939 documents by offering the J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use.

Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee

Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System, 15th Edition

HS-1086/202506/18/2025

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Rings, and Forging, Ring and Heading Stock 60Ni - 22Cr - 2.0Mo - 14W - 0.35Al - 0.03La (Alloy 230®) Solution Heat Treated

AMS5891D (Current)

06/17/2025

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee