Technical Papers - SAE Mobilus

SAE Technical Papers are written and peer-reviewed by experts in the automotive, aerospace, and commercial vehicle industries and provide the latest advances in technical research and applied technical engineering information.

Items (118,642)

Innovative Design and Multi-Parametric Computational Investigations on the Propulsive System of a Pentacopter UAV

2025-28-0181To be published on 02/07/2025

This work deals with the design and multi-parametric investigation on the uniquely designed propeller for a Pentacopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The primary and secondary design data along with the performance coefficients such as diameter of the propeller, pitch angle, chord length, lift coefficient are determined through standard analytical approach. About ten different airfoils, namely NACA 2412, NACA 4109, NACA 4312, NACA 4409, NACA 4415, NACA 5317, NACA 6409, NACA 6412, NACA 23024, NACA 25012 with 13 Reynolds Number and an Angle of Attack (AOA) of 20 ranges between -5 to 15 degrees are compared to design the propellers. The lift and drag coefficient values of ten different airfoils using the 13 Reynolds Number and the 20 AOAs are acquired from the XFOIL software. Based on the effect of high Lift-to-Drag (L/D) ratio, three advanced airfoils are chosen among ten relevant airfoils. The shortlisted airfoils provided by means of high L/D ratio are as follows NACA 6409, NACA 4109

Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani Priyadharshini, Arumugam, Manikandan, Rajendran, Mahendran, Solaiappan, Senthil Kumar, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

Design and Comprehensive Computational Hydro-Structural Analyses on Nature Inspired Unmanned Aquatic Vehicle for Underwater Applications

2025-28-0056To be published on 02/07/2025

This study focuses on developing and deploying an Unmanned Aquatic Vehicle (UAV) capable of underwater travel. The primary objectives of this project are to detect the presence of dimethyl sulfide and toluene, as well as to identify any potential oil leakage in underwater pipelines. The UAV has a maximum operating depth of 300 m below the water surface. The design of this UAV is derived from the natural design of Rhinaancylostoma, an underwater kind of fish. The maximum operational setting for this mission is fixed at a depth of approximately 300 m beneath the surface of the sea, and the choice of this species is suitable for fulfilling the objectives of this undertaking. This technology will mitigate the risk associated with human interaction in inspection processes and has the potential to encompass various other resources in the future. The initial design data of the UAV is determined using analytical processes and verified formulas. The selection of the airfoil is done by comparing

Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani Priyadharshini, Rajendran, Mahendran, Arumugam, Manikandan, Raji, Arul Prakash, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

Structural Effect based Parametric Investigations on Lightweight Materials for Propulsive System of Unmanned Airship under Various Gust Loading Conditions through Fluid Structural Interaction Approach

2025-28-0167To be published on 02/07/2025

This work proposes using an airship outfitted with four weather stations that can be quickly deployed from an inflatable platform to conduct comprehensive environmental research on Titan. To navigate Titan's rivers, the weather stations are installed on inflatable platforms. Each station has a storage device that may record and send data collected by the aerobot as it travels across the area. The aerobot is inflated just before landing so that it doesn't crash into the rivers of Titan. The proposed unmanned airship will operate in Titan's atmosphere and atmospheric conditions, so this study is primarily concerned with their design and the computational analysis of structural effects and fluid dynamics. One of the most effective vehicles for extraterrestrial research was the method offered to employ unmanned lighter-than-air systems (aerobot) for planetary exploration. The titan aerobot has been built with a co-axial 4-blade propeller to generate thrust in cruise mode, horizontal and

Baskar, Sundhar, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Pisharam, Akhila Ajith, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh

Enhancing O-Ring Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning

2025-28-0161To be published on 02/07/2025

O-rings are essential sealants in engineering applications, ensuring leak-tight seals, and preventing fluid leakage. Specifically, in Fuel Cells, they play a crucial role in maintaining system integrity by preventing working fluid leakages. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly employed for virtual assessments of sealant assemblies. By simulating the behavior of O-rings under various conditions, engineers can evaluate their performance. However, the traditional approach of varying individual input parameters to understand their impact on performance is time-consuming and extensive. To address this challenge, machine learning (ML) algorithms offer an efficient alternative to repetitive traditional FEA. By leveraging ML models, engineers can predict output parameters more effectively, streamlining the analysis process and enhancing accuracy. Despite the benefits of ML, different predictive models exhibit varying prediction performance, leading to inconsistency. Therefore, it is

Mallu, Venkata Reddy, Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Chirravuri, Bhaskara, Duddu, Varaprasad, Miller, Ronald, Sahu, Abhishek

Study the Effect of Fasteners Coating Materials to Resolve the Leakage Issue in Steering Gear Assembly

2025-28-0128To be published on 02/07/2025

Abstract: In commercial vehicle industry, Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering (HPAS) gear plays a vital role to utilize the hydraulic force by amplifying the mechanical input. HPAS gear consists of housing, sector shaft, side cover, worm shaft, valve housing and rack piston. Side cover assembly is connected with housing assembly through bolts which is in exposure to high pressure hydraulic fluid. During high pressure running condition, torque relaxation in the bolt is observed which leads to the loosening of bolts and tends to hydraulic fluid leakage through bolts. Since, some of the bolts are exposed to the fluid environment in the inner surface of the housing, the existing phosphate coated bolts are relaxed and loosened due to the bolts that exposed to the oil environment which have insufficient coefficient of friction in bolt head and thread. To overcome the bolt failure during high pressure hydraulic application various bolt coating analysis is experimented to withstand the

Ayyappan, Rakshna, Govindarasu, Anbarasu, P, Rajasekar, D, Senthil Kumar

OPTIMIZED DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE, TRACK-FOCUSED QUAD BIKE FOR THE INDIAN MARKET

2025-28-0061To be published on 02/07/2025

A comprehensive approach to the optimized design and analysis of a track-focused quad bike specifically tailored for the Indian market. The design process integrates multiple critical factors, including driver ergonomics, aesthetics, and strategic component placement, to establish the optimal vehicle dimensions. The primary objective is to ensure comfort, functionality, and visual appeal while addressing the unique demands of the Indian terrain and user preferences. A meticulous selection process for tires and suspension geometry is conducted using the advanced Optimum Kinematics software. This optimization ensures that the vehicle can adeptly handle a variety of road conditions, providing superior performance and stability. The vehicle’s core structure features a space frame chassis, engineered to minimize tubing and facilitate ease of fabrication, contributing to both weight reduction and structural integrity. A robust 600cc 4-cylinder engine is selected, emphasizing an optimal power

Thanikonda, Praveen Kumar, Shaik, Amjad, Tappa, Raju, Ratlavath, Ramu, Navar, Adarsh, Challa, Ajith Kumar

Synthesis and characterisation of poly (aniline –co-chloroaniline) polymers and applications in automotive industries as paint coatings

2025-28-0037To be published on 02/07/2025

Polyaniline (PANI)-polymer based paints have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the durability and performance of automobile surface coatings. These paint coatings offer superior corrosion resistance, conductivity, and environmental stability, making it an ideal. Here novel copolymers of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid aided poly (aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) nanocomposites of various compositions were prepared by oxidative method in micellar solution. The nanocomposites were analyzed by using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The crystalline nature of the polymer was evidenced through XRD patterns. SEM revealed the presence of particles with spherical morphology 100 nm in diameter. The electrical activity of the doped polymer was found to be content increasing from 3:1 to 3:3 x 10-2 S/cm to 5.64 x 10-7 S/cm with chloroaniline. These copolymers are added as additives in manufacturing of paint. These novel paints offer multiple protective mechanisms, including barrier

Pachanoor, Vijayanand, Moorthi, Bharathiraja

Effect of Single Vacancy Defect on Fundamental Frequency of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube

2025-28-0111To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper studies the effect of single vacancy defect on the fundamental frequency of carbon nanotube using finite element method. Cantilevered and bridged boundary conditions have been used for carbon nanotube with and without attached mass. There is less effect on the frequency of cantilevered structure due to presence of defect at center rather than its presence at other positions. Presence of defect near to fixed end shows more effect on fundamental frequency of bridged structure as opposed to other positions. Cantilevered structure with mass attached shows increase in effect due to presence of defect when mass ranges from 10-3 to 10-6 femtogram, while it seems to remain constant with further decrease in mass. This paper is mainly concerned about the overall effect of single vacancy defect at the different positions and with different parameters of carbon nanotube with and without attached mass on the frequency and frequency shift. Nano materials are playing a vital role in all

Kharche, Gaurav, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, B, Srivatsan, Balakrishna Sriganth, Pranav, Biswas, Sayan

Experimental Investigation and Operating Characteristics of LHR Engine using Pongamia Pinnata and Azadirachta indica Biodiesel Blend with Industrial Waste Additive

2025-28-0039To be published on 02/07/2025

The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety have focused the interest on alternative fuels to the diesel engine. This suggested the worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternative fuel. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when running on alternative fuels. Non-edible oil derived from Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed oil blends as an alternative fuel have been considered for this study. Using Copper oxide (5% w/w), the two oils were transesterified for 6 hours at a temperature of 75 °C and a methanol to oil ratio of 20:1. The biodiesel samples that were produced underwent FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the FAME conversion for the biodiesel derived from Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata was 99.19% and 97.93%, respectively. Diesel engine combustion components, viz., the piston crown and liner, were coated with Aluminium titanate thermal

R, Suresh, R, Ashwin, Uppuluri, Kiranbabu, T, MohanRaj

Investigating Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber and Alumina-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Application of Taguchi and Grey Analysis for Automotive Components

2025-28-0113To be published on 02/07/2025

Natural fiber composites hold significant promise for a range of engineering applications due to their exceptional characteristics, which include substantial weight reduction, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. These materials are also biodegradable and renewable, adding to their appeal in sustainable engineering practices. This research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties of jute fiber and AlO3-reinforced polymer composites, exploring their potential for advanced engineering uses. The study employs the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array, incorporating three levels and three factors to systematically explore various combinations of process variables in the fabrication of these polymer composites. The primary goal is to optimize the mechanical properties of the composites, including tensile modulus, tensile stress, and weight percentage increase. Detailed investigations are conducted to understand the effects of these process variables on performance metrics. The

Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, Vivekananda, Soma

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of microchannel through various nanofluids

2025-28-0024To be published on 02/07/2025

The significant development of power convertors in electrical vehicles demand higher energy consumptions and in turn larger heat generations. To prevent overheating of power convertors a newly designed curved micro channel was designed diamond shaped and triangular cross-sections. The working fluids used are Gc3N4/Water (0.3%), Al2O3/Water (0.3%) nanofluids, and Al2O3-Gc3N4/Water (0.3%) hybrid nanofluid and evaluated the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The heat sink has a cross-sectional area of 80 × 48 mm², and the experimental study was conducted by varying the mass flow rate from 0.1 to 0.5 LPM under a constant heat flux of 50 kW/m². The experimental results revealed that the heat transfer rate and pressure drop for the pentagonal channel increased by 14.2% and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the triangular channel heat sink using hybrid nanofluids. This improvement can be attributed to the secondary flow generated in the oblique finned pentagonal microchannel heat sink

R L, Krupakaran, Petla, Ratna Kamala, Anchupogu, Praveen, Kala, Lakshmi K, Gangula, Vidyasagar Reddy, Tarigonda, Hariprasad

Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Using Various Blends of Diesel and Prosopis Juliflora Seed Oil-Derived Biodiesel

2025-28-0129To be published on 02/07/2025

The rising demand for fossil fuels and the exploration of renewable energy sources from plants have gained significant attention due to their role in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security. Prosopis juliflora, abundantly available in India, offers a viable source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of diesel, vegetable oil, and biodiesel derived from Prosopis juliflora seeds. The engine was tested with pure diesel, vegetable oil (PJO), biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel-diesel blends at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume, designated as B20, B40, B60, and B80, respectively. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), were measured, along with emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Results indicated that BTE

Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Thiyagarajan, Prakash, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Marutholi, Mubarak, John, Godwin

Mechanical Design and Packaging Strategies of a Cell-To-Pack Battery for An Automotive Electric Vehicle Based on Economic & Sport Vehicle Requirements

2025-28-0078To be published on 02/07/2025

The world is moving towards a green transportation system. Governments are also pushing for green mobility, especially electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in Europe, China, India, and developing countries. In EVs, the customer's range anxiety and the perceived real-world range are major challenges for the OEMs. The OEMs are moving towards a higher power-to-weight ratio. Energy density plays a crucial role in the battery pack architecture to increase the vehicle range. Higher capacity battery packs are needed to improve the vehicle's range. The battery pack architecture is vital in defining the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The cell-to-pack battery technique aims to achieve a higher power-to-weight ratio by eliminating unnecessary weight in the battery architecture. The design of battery architecture depends on the cell features such as the cell shape & size, cell terminal positions, vent valve position, battery housing strength requirements

K, Barathi Raja

Structural Analysis of Two-Wheeler Handlebars under Varied Loads

2025-28-0053To be published on 02/07/2025

This study presents a comprehensive structural analysis of a two-wheeler handlebar subjected to various loading conditions, aiming to evaluate its strength, durability, and safety. During operation, two-wheelers encounter multiple forces, making the handlebar a critical component for rider control and safety. The analysis begins by investigating the different types of loads experienced during typical riding scenarios, including static loads when the bike is stationary, and dynamic loads arising from rider movements, braking, and handling. The primary objective is to understand how these loads impact the handlebar's structural integrity. To achieve this, critical load cases are identified and categorized. Braking loads, which apply force primarily in the forward direction due to deceleration, are examined. Manhandling loads are analyzed to understand the multidirectional forces acting on the handlebar during transportation and parking. Additionally, vertical loads are assessed

Prajapati, Akash, Rathore, Avijit Singh, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

A hybrid algorithm for optimizing machining and spraying parameters in MQL-turning of Inconel 800H

2025-28-0042To be published on 02/07/2025

Inconel 800H superalloy is a difficult-to-turn material. This study aims to achieve optimal machining results, including reduced cutting force, improved surface roughness, and minimized residual stress, by optimizing input machining parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, spraying angle, and nozzle distance on Inconel 800H. The Taguchi L27 method is utilized for experimentation, while the Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) is applied in a multi-objective optimization model. Additionally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to identify the optimal input parameters. Five distinct weight schemes were employed, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Entropy weight method, Criteria Importance through Inter-Criteria Correlation (CRITIC), Grey relational analysis (GRA), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine response weights. The analysis revealed that the primary factor affecting all measured weights is the feed

Kannan, Venkatesan, Mokshajna, Kotha

Enhancing Thermal Performance of Trapezoidal Porous Medium Solar Ponds: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

2025-28-0207To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the thermal efficiency of trapezoidal porous medium solar ponds through a multifaceted approach encompassing laboratory experiments, outdoor contrasts, and numerical analysis. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the heat storage capabilities of various porous materials. Outdoor contrast experiments, involving two mini solar ponds with a surface area of 0.42m×0.42m and a bottom area of 0.09m×0.09m, examined the thermal performance enhancement offered by porous medium incorporation. Factors such as the presence of a cover and the type of porous medium were analyzed for their influence on temperature distribution. Results revealed a notable increase in the maximum temperature of the solar pond by approximately 10°C following the introduction of porous medium. Furthermore, numerical evaluation utilizing MATLAB provided deeper insights into the experimental data, enriching our understanding of the thermal dynamics specific to trapezoidal porous medium

J, Vinoth Kumar

Forced Vibration Analysis of Cracked Functionally Graded Beams

2025-28-0169To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the forced vibration characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) beams with square cross-sections featuring V-shaped cracks. FGMs, characterized by a gradual transition in mechanical composition from a ceramic to a metallic surface, offer unique advantages in various engineering applications due to their non-uniform microstructure, which imparts varying material properties throughout the structure. This research employs ANSYS Workbench to conduct a comprehensive numerical analysis, focusing on evaluating the frequencies and mode shapes of cracked FGM beams under simply supported boundary conditions. The analysis delves into the impact of three critical crack parameters: crack opening width, crack depth, and crack location. The findings highlight that the crack opening width significantly influences the vibrational frequencies of the FGM beam. Specifically, as the crack opening width increases from 0.002 meters to 0.01 meters, the frequencies decrease

D, Manish, C V, Prasshanth, N, Suhas, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Numerical Analysis of Capillary Performance of Various Lattice Structures for Vapor Chamber Application

2025-28-0062To be published on 02/07/2025

Additive manufacturing has made it possible for the design of increasingly complex structures that require precise manufacturing. This may be particularly beneficial for heat pipe and vapor chamber design – particularly for the wick structure, a very important component. This study uses numerical simulation to analyze three different types of lattice structures of increasing complexity, in terms of their capillary performance. This is one of the most important parameters which determine the wick efficacy. Simple cubic, Column and Octet lattice models are computationally designed and CFD is used to simulate capillary action in a pipe of 0.4 mm inner radius for 2 milliseconds, after validation of the numerical model with existing experimental results. It is found that the Octet lattice (with the most complex inner structure) has the greatest capillary rise in the same amount of time. The rate of rise is not uniform for any structure, but is highest for Octet. This study demonstrates the

Sundararaj, Senthilkumar, Hudge, Ajay, Basuroy, Suhashini, Kang, Shung-Wen

Method Development for Virtual Validation of Tractor Three-Point Linkage for customer practices in Haulage application

2025-28-0069To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper discusses the design and analysis of the Three-point linkage of an agricultural tractor for uncommon abusive usage practices during haulage applications. Some operators use the Three-point linkage for additional traction to navigate gradient surfaces, which requires additional wheel torque to overcome road slope when the trailer is attached. These maneuvers induce higher loads on Three-point linkage components, such as the lower link, lift rod, and powertrain components, which may lead to structural failures. A virtual simulation and lab-level test methodology need to be established to simulate the usage pattern upfront and predict potential failures. Multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation was deployed to simulate the physics and extract realistic loads for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis. Data acquisition was carried out to record the strain levels during the uncommon haulage usage practices, which will be used for further studies. CAE analysis has been carried out

Kumar, Yuvaraj, Perumal, Solairaj, V, Ashok Kumar, Savsani, Smitkumar, Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, Bhandwalkar, Anand, V V H Krishna Prasad, Tadikamalla

Cloud-Based Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems for Health Estimation in Manufacturing Industries

2025-28-0200To be published on 02/07/2025

The increasing reliance on lithium-ion batteries in manufacturing necessitates advanced monitoring techniques to ensure their longevity and reliability. Cloud technology offers a solution by enabling real-time data collection, analysis, and accessibility, facilitating thorough monitoring and predictive maintenance. Digital twin technology, creating a virtual replica of the physical battery system, provides a platform for simulating real-world conditions and predicting potential issues before they arise. By integrating sensor data and historical usage patterns, the digital twin model can accurately predict battery degradation, aiding in the implementation of timely maintenance strategies. This proactive approach not only enhances battery operational efficiency but also extends their lifespan, leading to cost savings and improved safety. The paper explores the use of cloud-based monitoring systems to enhance the health estimation and management of lithium-ion batteries. A comprehensive

Zeeshan, Mohammad, Akre, Vineet

Preparation of Copper Antimony Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells by Chemical Synthesis

2025-28-0117To be published on 02/07/2025

CuSbS2 is a promising ternary semiconductor for use as an absorber layer in third-generation thin film heterojunction solar cells. This newly developed optoelectronic material offers a viable alternative to CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 due to its composition of inexpensive, readily available, and non-toxic elements. These films were successfully produced at an optimal substrate temperature of 533 K using the conventional spray technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies confirm that the films exhibit a chalcostibite structure. Characterization studies reveal that the films possess lattice parameters of a = 0.60 nm, b = 0.38 nm, and c = 1.45 nm, with an absorption coefficient of 105 cm-1 and a band gap of 1.50 eV. Notably, the films exhibit p-type conductivity. All these studies confirm that CuSbS2 as an absorber layer is highly suitable for solar cell applications. An attempt was made in this study to improve the crystallinity of the CuSbS2 films by different experimental conditions. (i

Kumar, YB Kishore, Yb, Kiran, Tarigonda, Hariprasad, Reddy M, Surya Sekhar

Investigating the Influence of Fiber Orientation on Frequency Response of Laminated Composite Plates using Taguchi Method

2025-28-0183To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the frequency response characteristics of laminated composite rectangular plates, focusing on the influence of fiber orientation. The composite plates, composed of 12 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP), were chosen for their superior mechanical properties and broad applicability in engineering fields, including the automotive sector. In automotive engineering, these composites are valued for their lightweight properties and high strength, contributing to enhanced performance and fuel efficiency. The analysis employed a combination of finite element methods and Taguchi experimental design techniques to understand how fiber orientation affects the dynamic behavior of these plates. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL), a computational tool known for handling complex geometries and material behaviors accurately. This software enabled precise simulations of the dynamic responses of the

N, Suhas, C V, Prasshanth, U, Anish Kumar, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Fabrication And Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Soft Robotic Gripper With Negative Pressure

2025-28-0145To be published on 02/07/2025

Soft-bending actuators are gaining considerable attention in robotics for handling delicate objects and adapting to complex shapes, making them ideal for biomimetic robots. Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) are favoured in soft robotics due to their compliance and safety features. Using negative pressure for actuation, it enhances stability by reducing the risk of sudden or unintended movements, crucial for delicate handling and consistent performance. Negative pressure actuation is more energy-efficient, safe and are less prone to leakage, increasing reliability and durability. This paper involves development of a new soft pneumatic actuator design by comparing various designs and to determine its performance parameters. This paper depicts on designing, and fabricating flexible soft pneumatic actuators working under negative pressure for soft robotic applications. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to characterise the properties of materials used to fabricate the soft actuator, and

Warriar J S, Sreejith, Sadique, Anwar, George, Boby

Design and Test methodology development of Retainer plate in Forward and Reverse mechanism of Tractor Transmission

2025-28-0079To be published on 02/07/2025

ABSTRACT: In the Automobile tractor- transmission system plays major role to transfer power from Engine to final drive through gear box enabling Forward/reverse(F/R) movements during field operations and transportation conditions. The F/R retainer plate with idler gear, shaft is located between clutch housing and transmission gear box housing. If the retainer housing plate gets failure, then power will not be able to transfer from engine to transmission gear box main drive. In one of the tractor model Retainer plate failures was observed during field testing. To simulate the failure mode from field to lab condition, the resultant forces and angle were calculated based on the gear torque and gear ratio of the drive line assembly. The resultant loads were applied on Idle gear shaft assembly through servo actuator in cyclic mode at FTL lab. The failure was observed in the Retainer plate and location of failure was matching with Field failure. CAE Virtual simulation was carried out for

V, Saravanan, Mani, Suresh, Kumar, Sasi, More, Amit, Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy

Optimization of WEDM Parameters for Invar 36 Automotive Components Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis

2025-28-0153To be published on 02/07/2025

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is an essential procedure used to shape intricate geometries in conductive materials such as Invar 36, which is recognized for its minimal thermal expansion characteristics used for high temperature applications especially in automobile engine parts and exhaust valves. The objective of this study is to improve the effectiveness and precision of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) for Invar 36 material by utilizing Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The study examines the impact of WEDM parameters, specifically pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and discharge current, on important machining outcomes such as surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR). The experimentation have been planned and conduced as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. Grey relational grades are computed to measure the correlation between input parameters and machining responses, enabling the determination of the most favourable parameter

Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Kumar, V, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Krishnamachary, PC, Silambarasan, R

AI-Driven Optimization of Advanced Machining for Haste alloy by ANFIS Method

2025-28-0141To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study primarily examines the use of Inconel 625 in vehicle applications and suggests creating regression models to predict performance parameters in ECM. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's ideas, and mathematical equations are derived using multiple regression models. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. ANOVA is employed to evaluate the statistical significance of process parameters that impact performance indicators. The proposed regression models for Inconel 625 are more versatile

Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, D, Palanisamy, Silambarasan, R, Krishnamachary, PC

Development of AI Prediction Tool for Fused Deposition Modeling of ABS Material for automobile applications

2025-28-0127To be published on 02/07/2025

Additive Manufacturing (AM), notably Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), has grown in popularity owing to its ability to create complicated forms from a variety of materials. This research aims to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the FDM process for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material. ABS plastic material is an important material in automotive manufacturing due to its strength, durability, and versatility. It is used extensively for a wide range of components, including dashboard components, bumpers, fenders, exterior trim, and interior trim. The objective will be accomplished by the development of a prediction model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The research investigates the influence of FDM parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on significant printing characteristics such as dimensional accuracy, surface quality, printing speed, and dimensional deviation. The essential data is derived from empirical

Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Kumar, V, Kiruthika, Jothi, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, Silambarasan, R

Optimization of machining parameters based on desirability function analysis for Stir Casted Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

2025-28-0119To be published on 02/07/2025

These days, aluminum and other material composites are indispensable for a wide range of engineering applications, including automotive-related ones. The machinability investigations of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) made of Al 6061 are reported in this paper. Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and boron carbide were used to reinforce Al6061 alloy for the experiment. Stir casting was used to create the hybrid composite under the right circumstances. Since HMMC is difficult to machine using traditional machining techniques, the advanced method of electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used. On stir-casted Al-B4C-GNP composites, EDM machinability investigations were conducted. Using input parameters such pulse on time, pulse off time, and peak current for the response of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness, Taguchi based Desirability function Analysis was used to optimize the EDM process parameters. The optimal machining parameters have been determined by the composite

Kala, Lakshmi K, Madhuri, K, Reddy, Damodara, Tarigonda, Hariprasad, R L, Krupakaran, Tharehallimata, Gurubasavaraju, Naidu, B Vishnu Vardhana

Software Architecture for Autonomous Vehicles Using Matlab Simulink

2025-28-0190To be published on 02/07/2025

Autonomous vehicles utilise sensors, control systems and machine learning to independently navigate and operate through their surroundings, offering improved road safety, traffic management and enhanced mobility. This paper details the development, software architecture and simulation of control algorithms for key functionalities in a model that approaches Level 2 autonomy, utilising MATLAB Simulink and IPG CarMaker. The focus is on four critical areas: Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Lane Detection (LD) and Traffic Object Detection. Also, the integration of low-level PID controllers for precise steering, braking and throttle actuation, ensures smooth and responsive vehicle behaviour. The hardware architecture is built around the Nvidia Jetson Nano and multiple Arduino Nano microcontrollers, each responsible for controlling specific actuators within the drive-by-wire system, which includes the steering, brake and throttle actuators. Communication

Ann Josy, Tessa, Sadique, Anwar, Thomas, Merlin, Manaf T M, Ashik, Vr, Sreeraj

Innovative Design and Comprehensive Aerodynamic Performance Investigations on Various Possible Propeller Positions of an Advanced Hexacopter for Easy Manoeuvring

2025-28-0182To be published on 02/07/2025

This work deals with the computational investigations of the component performances of advanced hexacopters under various manoeuvrings of the focused mission profiles. The Advanced Hexacopter is one kind of multirotor vehicle that contains more propellers and flexible arms, which makes this multirotor very manoeuvrable and aerodynamically efficient. This hexacopter was designed specifically to detect leakages and the presence of harmful gases in and around nuclear power plants, along with enhanced payload-carrying capability. This advanced hexacopter contains a frame composed of modified arms equipped with coaxial rotors, which servo motors control. By providing specific and simple inputs to the microcontroller, the hexacopter can autonomously undergo forward and backward manoeuvrings. The primary objective of this study is to analyse and compare different propeller configurations that improve the manoeuvring capability of this unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), specifically emphasizing

Raja, Vijayanandh, Narayanan, Sidharth, Elangovan, Logesh, Arumugam, Lokesh, Sourirajan, Laxana, Raji, Arul Prakash, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar

Finite Element Fatigue Life Prediction and Test Correlation for Seam Welded Joints in Sheet-Metal Assemblies

2025-28-0054To be published on 02/07/2025

Tractors, agricultural machines comprising diverse interconnected assemblies, collaboratively perform specific functions to attain desired outputs. Among these assemblies, the footstep assembly—an affixed structure or platform facilitating convenient access for the operator to the tractor cabin or platform. The components of the footstep assembly are fabricated from sheet metal and are connected using various joining technologies, such as bolts, welds, and others. During field operations, several failures have been noted in the footstep component, specifically at the weld connections. This paper delineates a methodology for simulating and predicting the occurrences of weld joint failures in the sheet-metal components. The inherent characteristics of the welding process lead to welded joints generally exhibiting a fatigue strength lower than that of the individual parts being joined. Additionally, welds are frequently applied at geometric features or points of section changes within a

Kumar, Arun, Pandey, Manoj Kumar, Thirugnanam, Vivekanndan, Mani, Suresh, Redkar, Dinesh

A Novel Approach to develop the Exhaust Backpressure Measurement System for Automotive Application

2025-28-0168To be published on 02/07/2025

Backpressure is one of key acoustic performance evaluation criteria of exhaust muffler (or Silencer) /EATS (Exhaust after treatment system) as well as for the exhaust system. Exhaust back pressure is an important parameter for fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Typically, the engine manufacturer specifies an upper limit for this. Usually, exhaust back pressure is measured during the driving condition of the vehicle at maximum power condition of the engine either on road or on chassis dynamometer. Both these methods, need a lot of preparatory works, test setup arrangement, 3 or more manpower and special skills. In this research, authors are tried to develop a new backpressure measurement set up for automotive vehicle application, which is simple and innovative, to fulfill the backpressure test requirement. In this design, mainly following devices are used namely Pitot tube, Compressed air, Manometer (or pressure gauge), Thermocouple, Fluke thermometer, along with standalone exhaust layout

Mandal, Goutam, Biswas, Sanjoy

A Machine learning Approach for the prediction of Surface Roughness Using The Tool Vibration Data In Turning Operation

2025-28-0152To be published on 02/07/2025

Surface roughness is a key factor in different machining processes and plays an important role in ergonomics, assembly, wear and fatigue life of components. Functionality, performance and durability of parts are also affected by surface roughness. Although maintaining an optimum surface roughness is a major challenge in many manufacturing industries. Surface roughness during machining depends upon machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Also, tool vibrations during machining have significant influence in surface roughness. In this work an attempt is made to predict the surface roughness of machined components during the turning process by using machine learning techniques with vibration signals. By varying different machining parameters and keeping other tooling and material properties same, a range of surface roughness values can be obtained. For each condition, corresponding tool vibration signals were recorded. Our experimental setup involves

S S, Safeer, Sadique, Anwar, D, Navaneeth

Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis for TPU used in Auto parts

2025-28-0158To be published on 02/07/2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a highly adaptable additive manufacturing method that is extensively employed for creating intricate structures using a range of materials. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a highly versatile material known for its flexibility and durability, making it well-suited for use in industries such as footwear, automotive, and consumer goods. Hoses, gaskets, seals, external trim, and interior components are just a few of the many uses for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) in the automobile industry. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) by optimizing the parameters specifically for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material. This will be achieved by employing a Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method. The researchers conducted experimental trials to examine the impact of key FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical responses

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Silambarasan, R, D, Palanisamy

Vibration-based cutting tool condition monitoring in face milling process using wavelet features and machine learning algorithms – A comparative study

2025-28-0151To be published on 02/07/2025

In automotive applications, most of the engineering components come across the material removal process in manufacturing. Face milling is one of the prominent material removal processes wherein a multi-point cutter is used to machine the flat workpiece to bring it to its required dimension. In the material removal process, the cost of the cutting tool occupies the major part of the total manufacturing cost of a product. Also, the continuous usage of the cutting tool results in tool wear. The usage of the cutting tool after the threshold value of the tool wear deteriorates the surface finish of the workpiece which leads to product rejection. Hence, optimal tool usage is inevitable. The continuous monitoring of the cutting tool condition will ensure optimal tool usage. In the present work, four real-time tool conditions are considered, namely, fresh tool (G), tool flank wear (FW), tool flaking on rake surface (FL) and tool with broken tip (B). Vibration signals are acquired while milling

D, Pradeep Kumar, Syed, Shaul, V, Muralidharan, S, Ravikumar

Advanced Parameter Forecasting for Titanium Grade 19 Machining in Automotive Applications

2025-28-0045To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a remarkably effective technique for producing detailed designs in materials that can conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. As the desire for high-quality products and the necessity for rapid design changes grow, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly intricate. This work focuses on Titanium Grade 9 and proposes the development of prediction models using regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are designed using Taguchi's methodology, employing a multiple regression approach to produce mathematical equations. The Taguchi technique is utilized for the purpose of single-objective optimization in order to determine the optimal combination of process parameters that will optimize the rate at which material is removed. ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the relevance of process factors that impact performance indicators. The suggested prediction technique for

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Silambarasan, R, D, Palanisamy

Designing Next-Generation Piston Geometry for LPG Powered Spark Ignition Engines: An Integrated CFD and Experimental Approach

2025-28-0123To be published on 02/07/2025

The efficiency of combustion has a major impact on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignited LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine. The shape of the combustion chamber determines the homogeneous charge intake velocity, which is crucial for the turbulent motion that encourages flame propagation and quickens combustion. It need the right amount of compression ratio, charge squish velocity and turbulent kinetic energy to sustain combustion and propel laminar flames. There are a number of names for the motion of the charge within the cylinder: swirl, squish, tumble and turbulence. All of these terms affect how air and fuel are mixed and burned. Piston shape affects in-cylinder motion, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and improves combustion characteristics. The shape of the piston quench zone has a substantial impact on the charge velocity inside the combustion chamber. The impact on charge motion was analyzed using computer modeling using STAR-CD on pentroof

Sagaya Raj, Gnana, R L, Krupakaran, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan

Development of ANFIS Predictive Model for Additive Manufacturing (Fusion Deposition Modeling) of PETG Material for automotive components

2025-28-0124To be published on 02/07/2025

Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), has become widely popular due to its capacity to produce intricate shapes using different materials. The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the FDM process for Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) material, which is used for producing automotive components that require impact resistance, dimensional stability, and good surface finish. This will be achieved by creating a predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The study examines the impact of FDM parameters, such as layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on important printing attributes like dimensional accuracy, surface quality, printing speed and dimensional deviation. The necessary information is obtained from experimental trials of FDM printing, which were conducted using various combinations of parameters. The experimental trials have been planned by Taguchi’s approach

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Kumar, V, Kiruthika, Jothi, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, Silambarasan, R

An Integrated Material Science Approach to Evaluate the Viability of Ethoxy Ethane and Rubber Seed (Heavea Brasiliensis) Biodiesel as Sustainable Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines

2025-28-0130To be published on 02/07/2025

The primary issues in using pure vegetable oils for internal combustion engines are their high soot output and reduced thermal efficiency. Therefore in the present investigation, a Heavea Brasiliensis biodiesel (HBB) is used as a carbon source of fuel and ethoxy ethane as a combustion accelerator on a compression ignition (CI) engine. In this investigation, an only one cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled DI diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm was utilized. Whereas heavea brasiliensis biodiesel was delivered straightly into the cylinder at almost close to the end of compression stroke and ethoxy ethane was sprayed instantly in the intake manifold in the event of intake stroke. At various loads, the parameter of ethoxy ethane volume rate were optimised. To minimise exhaust emissions, an air plasma spray technology was employed to cover the engine combustion chamber with a thermal barrier coating. Because of its adaptability for high-temperature applications, YSZ (Yttria

Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree

Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Zirconia Functionally Graded Beam

2025-28-0120To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is comprised of four axially layered sections, where the volume fraction of metal and ceramic varies across the thickness. The buckling analysis is conducted under three different boundary conditions: clamped-clamped, simply-supported-simply-supported, and clamped-simply-supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. The beam configurations are designed based on a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level to determine the most significant layer and its relative

Pawale, Deepak, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Optimizing Titanium Alloy Grade 7 Machining with Grey Relational Analysis

2025-28-0049To be published on 02/07/2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their level of hardness. Due to the growing need for superior products and the requirement for quick design adjustments, decision-making in production has become more complex. This study focuses on Titanium Grade 5 and suggests creating predictive models utilizing a Taguchi-grey technique to achieve multi-objective optimization in ECM. The trials are structured based on Taguchi's principles, utilizing Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) to simultaneously maximize several performance indicators. This entails optimizing the pace at which material is removed, decreasing the roughness of the surface, and attaining precise geometric tolerances. ANOVA is used to assess the relevance of process variables that affect these measures. The suggested predictive technique for Titanium Grade 5 outperforms current models in terms of flexibility

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Kumar, V, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Krishnamachary, PC, Silambarasan, R

Vibrational, Thermal and Mechanical Performance Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of Kenaf and Ridge Gourd Fibers with Waste Plastic Materials

2025-28-0030To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the performance and highlights the mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of hybrid fibre composite plate composed of Kenaf Fibre (KF), Ridge Gourd Fibre (RGF), Waste Plastic Materials (WPM), and matrix materials. The raw materials undergo an alkaline treatment involving 2 hours of agitation with 5% NaOH. Following treatment, KF, RGF, and WPM are combined with epoxy resin using compression moulding to form four different hybrid composite plates in the %wt of 10:20:5, 20:10:5, 10:10:5, and 20:20:5. Various tests are conducted to evaluate their properties, including the Tensile Test, Shear Test, and Flexural Test, adhering to ASTM standards D638, D7078, and D790, respectively. The results indicate that 20:20:5 plate showed higher tensile strength (21.70 MPa), flexural strength (77.23 MPa), and shear strength (18.13 MPa. Subsequently, Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted on the 20:20:5 composite plate due to its superior mechanical

D R, Rajkumar, R, Baranitharan, Basha, Mohamed Humayun, S, Kamalesh

CogniGuardianRoadscape: Advancing Safety through AI-Driven Roadway Audits

2025-28-0019To be published on 02/07/2025

The escalation of road infrastructure anomalies, such as speed breakers and potholes, presents a formidable challenge to vehicular safety, efficient traffic management, and road maintenance strategies worldwide. In addressing these pervasive issues, this paper proposes an advanced, integrated approach for the detection and classification of speed breakers and potholes. Utilizing a sophisticated blend of deep learning methodologies and enhanced image processing techniques, our solution leverages Object Detection to analyze and interpret real-time visual data captured through advanced vehicle-mounted camera systems. This research meticulously details the comprehensive process involved in the development of this system, including the acquisition and preprocessing of a vast, varied dataset representative of numerous road types, conditions, and environmental factors. Through rigorous training, testing, and validation phases, the model demonstrates remarkable proficiency in recognizing and

Thangaraju, Shanmuganathan, Nagarajan, Meenakshi, Ganesan, Maragatham, Raja, Selvakumar, Sirotiya, Aviral, Jasrotia, Bhargav

Influence of fibre weight fraction on the mechanical characteristics of the Caryota urens fiber reinforced polyester composite

2025-28-0114To be published on 02/07/2025

The present study aims to assess the tensile properties of caryota urens fibre reinforced polyester composites. Composites were fabricated with different fiber weight fraction starting from 5% to 30% with 5% increment. The testing of composite material was done using ASTM standards. The results indicated that the tensile, impact and flexural properties of composite material were increased up to 25% fiber weight fraction after that it has been reduced due factors like fiber distribution had not uniform and adhesion between fiber and matrix had be reduced. Optimal weight fraction found from this study is 25%. The maximum tensile, impact and flexural strength obtained for the composites were 36.22 MPa, 62.21 MPa and 96.21J/m

Santhanam, K, Raja, K., Naveen, M, Saranbala, M, M, Naveenkumar

Characterization of Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites: A Case Study of Bamboo Leaves and Coconut Leaves

2025-28-0112To be published on 02/07/2025

The research project focused on investigating the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of composite plates made from bamboo leaves and coconut leaves reinforced with epoxy resin that has received limited attention in previous studies. The bamboo and coconut leaves underwent alkaline treatment, were thoroughly washed with distilled water, and dried in sunlight for 24 hours. For the fabrication of three composite plates, Hand lay up method was employed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The compositions of the composite plates were varied as first Composition has 25 wt% bamboo leaves, 25 wt% coconut leaves and 50 wt% resin, the Second Composition has 30 wt% bamboo leaves, 30 wt% coconut leaves, and 40 wt% resin and the third composition has 35 wt% bamboo leaves, 35 wt% coconut leaves, and 30 wt% resin. Tensile test, shear and flexural tests helped determine the tensile strength, shear strength, and flexural strength of the composite

D R, Rajkumar, O, Vivin Lenin, R, Saktheevel, S, Edwin Roshan

Experimental Characterization of Fabricated (310) and (210) Symmetrical Tilt High-Angle Grain Boundaries in Bicrystalline Copper Thin Films Using NaCl Substrates

2025-28-0034To be published on 02/07/2025

A novel sintering method of bridging the two mechanically polished and oriented single-crystals together face-to-face in a non-environmental controlled atmosphere to fabricate the bicrystal substrate of NaCl of macroscopic thickness, with a common zone axis and having planarity over large areas, has been developed. Epitaxial [001] bicrystalline thin face-centered cubic (fcc) metal film of surface-reactive metal-containing tilt grain boundary across the interface is first grown in high vacuum directly by flash deposition on initially fabricated [001] oriented bicrystalline substrate of NaCl. The [001] tilt boundary, thus produced, is examined by electron microscopy to characterize grain boundary morphology and structure. The findings of some preliminary investigations are then presented. A distinct atomic structure is observed for {310} and {210} inclination. Both HAADF-STEM and Diffraction images reveal that such fabricated high-angle grain boundary accommodates minor deviations from

Dish, Nilabh, Gautam, Abhay, Behera, Rakesh, Banka, Hemasunder, Chavan, Pradeep

Impact of Hydrogen Enrichment on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated in Dual Fuel Mode with Karanja Oil Methyl Ester-Tire Pyrolysis Oil Blend

2025-28-0109To be published on 02/07/2025

The growing demand for fossil fuels and the search for alternatives have the potential to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. Karanja oil and tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) are identified as promising substitutes. This study examines the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was tested using diesel, the optimal combination of karanja oil biodiesel (KOME) and TPO (50:50% volume ratio), and this KOME-TPO blend with hydrogen supplied in dual fuel mode at flow rates of 10 lpm, 20 lpm, and 30 lpm, designated as H10, H20, and H30, respectively. The results indicated that BTE for H30 was the highest, reaching 32.21% compared to 30.52% for diesel at 5.2 kW BP. BSEC for H30 was the lowest at 11.18 MJ/kWh, compared to 11.80 MJ/kWh for diesel at the same BP. Emission analysis showed that smoke and HC emissions were significantly lower for hydrogen-enriched blends. At 5.2 kW BP, HC emissions for H30

Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Chelladorai, Prabhu, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Marutholi, Mubarak, Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar

Effect of Hardening and Tempering Temperatures on the Mechanical Behavior of Alloy Steel

2025-28-0027To be published on 02/07/2025

Alloy steel possesses high strength, hardenability, fatigue strength, and good impact toughness. It is widely used for making various machine parts, automobile components, shafts, gears, connecting rods, and more. Hardening and tempering develop the optimum combination of hardness, strength, and toughness in engineering steel, thereby providing components with high mechanical properties. Hardening and tempering temperatures are crucial factors that affect the mechanical and metallurgical properties of 42Cr4Mo steel. In this research work, 42Cr4Mo alloy steel samples were subjected to hardening and tempering processes. The hardening temperatures were set at 830°C, 850°C, and 870°C, while the tempering temperatures were maintained at 590°C and 650°C. The test results show that hardening at 830°C and tempering at 590°C achieve high strength, which decreases as the temperature increases. Different hardening temperatures and constant tempering temperatures will be optimized to achieve the

Murugesan, Venkatasudhahar, Ganesan, Dharmalingam, Tarigonda, Hariprasad

Investigation of Mechanical, Barrier, and Tribological Properties of Jute/Glass Fiber Hybrid Epoxy Composites

2025-28-0031To be published on 02/07/2025

In the present study, jute/glass fiber-reinforced epoxy-based polymer hybrid composites were fabricated using the resin infusion technique. To compare various properties, composites were fabricated from pure jute fiber (100% jute), pure glass fiber (100% glass), and hybrid composites containing 75% jute and 25% glass fiber, 50% jute and 50% glass fiber, and 25% jute and 75% glass fiber. Various physical, mechanical, and tribological analyses were conducted. The results revealed that the hybrid composite containing 25% jute and 75% glass fiber exhibited the best performance, with a tensile strength of 177 MPa, a flexural strength of 188.3 MPa, an impact strength of 130 kJ/m², a storage modulus of 17,050 MPa, a loss modulus of 2,883 MPa, and minimal moisture absorption and wear loss. Compared to the pure jute fiber composite, this hybrid composite showed a 172% increase in tensile strength, a 278% increase in flexural strength, a 238% increase in impact strength, a 184% increase in

J, Chandradass, T, Thirugnanasambandham, M, Amutha Surabi, P, Baskara Sethupathi, Rajendran, R, Murugadoss, Palanivendhan

Enhancing Solar Still Productivity with Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles and Phase Change Materials

2025-28-0026To be published on 02/07/2025

The present study is focused on the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and Al2O3 nanoparticles into solar stills presents a promising approach to enhance their efficiency. This paper explores the design and performance analysis of a solar still system incorporating PCMs and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentration like 200ppm and 400ppm. The primary goal is to investigate the impact of these enhancements on the solar still's productivity and thermal efficiency.The Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle were synthesized by Sol-Gel method. The Aluminium Oxide particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR etc. In this experiment TN+30 was used as phase change materials and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles used for energy storage materials. The water is taken about 15(ltrs) and the optimal depth of water found to be 1cm. The energy materials TN+30 along with Al2O3 shown improvement in collection efficiency with 200ppm and 400ppm was 21.65% and 32.97% when compared with PCM

R L, Krupakaran, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Petla, Ratna Kamala, Kala, Lakshmi K, Anchupogu, Praveen

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 118642