SAE Edge™ Research Reports - SAE Mobilus
SAE Edge™ Research Reports provide state-of-the-art and state-of-industry examinations of the most significant topics facing the mobility industry today. With a dedicated focus on emerging topics in new mobility, they offer a structured framework and methodical approach for thinking about and working with rapidly shifting technologies.
In recent years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have experienced significant sales growth, marked by advancements in features and market delivery. This evolution intersects with innovative software-defined vehicles, which have transformed automotive supply chains, introducing new BEV brands from both emerging and mature markets. The critical role of software in software-defined battery electric vehicles (SD-BEVs) is pivotal for enhancing user experience and ensuring adherence to rigorous safety, performance, and quality standards. Effective governance and management are crucial, as failures can mar corporate reputations and jeopardize safety-critical systems like advanced driver assistance systems. Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles addresses the complexities of SD-BEV product governance and management to facilitate safer vehicle deployments. By exploring these challenges, it aims to enhance internal processes and foster cross
As the world looks to net-zero emissions goals, hybrid electric vehicles may play an increasingly important role. For passenger electric vehicles (EVs) that predominantly make short journeys but occasionally need to make longer trips, electrofuel range extension may be more cost effective than either hydrogen or rapid charging. Micro gas turbines and catalytic combustion show significant potential to deliver low-cost, low-maintenance, lightweight engines with virtually no emissions, and hydrocarbon consuming solid oxide fuel cells show even greater potential in these areas. Aditioanlly, sodium-ion batteries for EVs, dispatachable vehicle-to-grid power and buffering, and variable intermittent renewable energy could also play key roles. The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System explores the costs, considerations, and challenges facing these technologies. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
The deployment of autonomous urban buses brings with it the hope of addressing concerns associated with safety and aging drivers. However, issues related autonomous vehicle (AV) positioning and interactions with road users pose challenges to realizing these benefits. This report covers unsettled issues and potential solutions related to the operation of autonomous urban buses, including the crucial need for all-weather localization capabilities to ensure reliable navigation in diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, minimizing the gap between AVs and platforms during designated parking requires precise localization. Next-gen Urban Buses: Autonomy and Connectivity addresses the challenge of predicting the intentions of pedestrians, vehicles, and obstacles for appropriate responses, the detection of traffic police gestures to ensure compliance with traffic signals, and the optimization of traffic performance through urban platooning—including the need for advanced communication
Semi-automated computational design methods involving physics-based simulation, optimization, machine learning, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) already allow greatly enhanced performance alongside reduced cost in both design and manufacturing. As we progress, developments in user interfaces, AI integration, and automation of workflows will increasingly reduce the human inputs required to achieve this. With this, engineering teams must change their mindset from designing products to specifying requirements, focusing their efforts on testing and analysis to provide accurate specifications. Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures discusses generative design in its broadest sense, including the challenges and recommendations regarding multi-stage optimizations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Data privacy questions are particularly timely in the automotive industry as—now more than ever before—vehicles are collecting and sharing data at great speeds and quantities. Though connectivity and vehicle-to-vehicle technologies are perhaps the most obvious, smart city infrastructure, maintenance, and infotainment systems are also relevant in the data privacy law discourse. Facial Recognition Software and Privacy Law in Transportation Technology considers the current legal landscape of privacy law and the unanswered questions that have surfaced in recent years. A survey of the limited recent federal case law and statutory law, as well as examples of comprehensive state data privacy laws, is included. Perhaps most importantly, this report simplifies the balancing act that manufacturers and consumers are performing by complying with data privacy laws, sharing enough data to maximize safety and convenience, and protecting personal information. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM
Given the rapid advancements in engineering and technology, it is anticipated that connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) will soon become prominent in our daily lives. This development has a vast potential to change the socio-technical perception of public, personal, and freight transportation. The potential benefits to society include reduced driving risks due to human errors, increased mobility, and overall productivity of autonomous vehicle consumers. On the other hand, the potential risks associated with CAV deployment related to technical vulnerabilities are safety and cybersecurity issues that may arise from flawed hardware and software. Cybersecurity and Digital Trust Issues in Connected and Automated Vehicles elaborates on these topics as unsettled cybersecurity and digital trust issues in CAVs and follows with recommendations to fill in the gaps in this evolving field. This report also highlights the importance of establishing robust cybersecurity protocols and fostering
Quantum computing and its applications are emerging rapidly, driving excitement and extensive interest across all industry sectors, from finance to pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry is no different. Quantum computing can bring significant advantages to the way we commute, whether through the development of new materials and catalysts using quantum chemistry or improved route optimization. Quantum computing may be as important as the invention of driverless vehicles. Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications: Opportunities and Future Use Cases attempts to explain quantum technology and its various advantages for the automotive industry. While many of the applications presented are still nascent, they may become mainstream in a decade or so. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
The world is on a “take-make-waste,” linear-growth economic trajectory where products are bought, used, and then discarded in direct progression with little to no consideration for recycling or reuse. This unsustainable path now requires an urgent call to action for all sectors in the global society: circularity is a must to restore the health of the planet and people. However, carbon-rich textile waste could potentially become a next-generation feedstock, and the mobility sector has the capacity to mobilize ecologically minded designs, supply chains, financing mechanisms, consumer education, cross-sector activation, and more to capitalize on this “new source of carbon.” Activating textile circularity will be one of the biggest business opportunities to drive top- and bottom-line growth for the mobility industry. Textile Circularity and the Sustainability Model of New Mobility provides context and insights on why textiles—a term that not only includes plant-based and animal-based
Growing levels of complexity and integration coupled with the current period of automotive innovation are necessitating the adoption of Systems approaches and Systems Engineering (SE) practices. For the automotive industry to navigate this transformative period successfully, we need Systems approaches to bridge all elements of vehicle development and engage and align all parts of the business. Yet, the industry has lagged in comprehensive SE adoption, persistently retaining organizational silos and outdated paradigms for vehicle design development teams. It still structures itself around physical components of vehicles, despite having the significant majority of functionality and features derived from software and communications. The State of Systems Engineering Adoption in the Automotive Industry captures the unresolved aspects of more comprehensively adopting Systems approaches and practices and seeks to enable industry leaders to more effectively navigate the complexity and
Traditional physical infrastructure increasingly relies upon software. Yet, 75% of software projects fail in budget by 46% and schedule by 82%. While other systems generally have a “responsible-in-charge” (RIC) professional, the implementation of a similar system of accountability in software is not settled. This is a major concern, as the consequences of software failure can be a matter of life-or-death. Further, there has been a 742% average annual increase in software supply chain attacks on increasingly used open-source software over the past three years, which can cost up to millions of dollars per incident. Developing the Role of the System Software Integrator to Mitigate Digital Infrastructure Vulnerabilities discusses the verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification needed to vet systems before implementation and the continued maintenance measures required over the lifespan of software-integrated assets. It also proposes a certified System Software Integrator role
Recent rapid advancement in machine learning (ML) technologies have unlocked the potential for realizing advanced vehicle functions that were previously not feasible using traditional approaches to software development. One prominent example is the area of automated driving. However, there is much discussion regarding whether ML-based vehicle functions can be engineered to be acceptably safe, with concerns related to the inherent difficulty and ambiguity of the tasks to which the technology is applied. This leads to challenges in defining adequately safe responses for all possible situations and an acceptable level of residual risk, which is then compounded by the reliance on training data. The Path to Safe Machine Learning for Automotive Applications discusses the challenges involved in the application of ML to safety-critical vehicle functions and provides a set of recommendations within the context of current and upcoming safety standards. In summary, the potential of ML will only
Advancements in electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One particularly promising application involves on-demand, rapid-response use cases to broaden first responders, police, and medical transport mission capabilities. With the dynamic and varying public service operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution, including significant lifesaving benefits. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft for First Responder, Police, and Medical Transport Applications discusses the challenges need to be addressed before identified capabilities and benefits can be realized at scale: Mission-specific eVTOL vehicle development Operator- and patient-specific accommodations Detect-and-avoid capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments Autonomous and artificial intelligence-enhanced mission capabilities Home-base charging systems
To grow the application space of polymer additive manufacturing (AM), the industry must provide an offering with improved mechanical properties. Several entities are working towards introducing continuous fibers embedded into either a thermoplastic or thermoset resin system. This approach can enable significant improvement in mechanical properties and could be what is needed to open new and exciting applications within the aerospace industry. Introduction of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Polymer: A New Additive Manufacturing Path for Aerospace examines a couple of unsettled issues that are beginning to come to light regarding these materials and focuses on the ability to design and provide robust structural analysis for continuous fiber reinforced polymer AM—unsung aspects that can make or break this new technology as it finds its way into the aerospace market. Without solutions to them, adoption by the aerospace industry will be limited to point design applications, thus constraining
Micromobility is often discussed in the context of minimizing traffic congestion and transportation pollution by encouraging people to travel shorter (i.e., typically urban) distances using bicycle or scooters instead of single-occupancy vehicles. It is also frequently championed as a solution to the “first-mile/last-mile” problem. If the demographics and intended users of micromobility vary largely by community, surely that means we must identify different reasons for using micromobility. Micromobility, User Input, and Standardization considers potential options for standardization in engineering and public policy, how real people are using micromobility, and the relevant barriers that come with that usage. It examines the history of existing technologies, compares various traffic laws, and highlights barriers to micromobility standardization—particularly in low-income communities of color. Lastly, it considers how engineers and legislators can use this information to effectively
Modern in-vehicle experiences are brimming with functionalities and convenience driven by automation, digitalization, and electrification. While automotive manufacturers are competing to provide the best systems to their customers, there is no common ground to evaluate these in-vehicle experiences as they become increasingly complex. Existing automotive guidelines do not offer thresholds for cognitive distraction, or—more appropriately—“disengagement.” What can researchers can do to change this? Evaluation of the In-vehicle Experience discusses acceptable levels of disengagement by evaluating the driving context and exploring how system reliability can translate to distraction and frustration. It also covers the need to test systems for their complexity and ease of use, and to prevent users from resorting to alternative systems while driving (e.g., smartphones). It highlights the value in naturalistic data generation using vehicles already sold to customers and the issues around
With technological breakthroughs in electric land vehicles revolutionizing their respective industry, maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities in aviation are also adopting digital technologies in their practices. But despite this drive towards digitalization, the industry is still dominated by manual labor and subjective assessments. Today, several technologies, processes, and practices are being championed to resolve some of these outstanding challenges. Considering this, it is important to present current perspectives regarding where the technology stands today and how we can evaluate capabilities for autonomous decision support systems that prescribe maintenance activities. Overlooking some of these unsettled domain issues can potentially undermine any benefits in speed, process, and resilience promised by such systems. Towards MRO 4.0: Challenges for Digitalization and Mapping Emerging Technologies provides some understanding of specific motivating factors by focusing on
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