Browse Topic: Engine components

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Key Parameters for Turbocharger selection & experimental validation for Off-Highway Applications2026-26-0104To be published on 01/16/2026
Customers in off-highway industry are increasingly seeking high-performance capabilities for their tractors due to increasing penetration of mechanisation and labour scarcity. One effective solution to achieve enhanced performance is turbocharging of engines, while meeting emission and highly dynamic transient response of tractor field applications. The process of selecting and validating a suitable turbocharger for tractor field application suitability is significantly time and resources consuming activity due to extensive testbed and field trials. This study focuses on the selection of turbocharger for tractor engines through analytical calculations to freeze key parameters like lambda, boost pressure ratio & temperature within boundaries of exhaust temperature and turbo efficiency maps to deliver best field transient performance and fuel consumption. The selected parameters are further validated under real-world transient operating conditions, involving tractors and their implements
KUMAR, HARISH KUMAR, RAWAT, SAURABH, Dogra, DaljitSingh, Singh, Sachleen, Singh, Amarinder
Smart Stability: Dual-Mode Hill Hold and Parking Brake Strategy in Electric Tractors Using Motor Torque and Electro-Hydraulic Actuation2026-26-0205To be published on 01/16/2026
Operating tractors on Sloped Terrains presents safety challenges, especially during shuttle operations, loader use, or start-stop maneuvers at slopes. Unlike Diesel Counterparts, feedback from the prime mover (Motor) is minimal and silence often masks terrain feedback. Driver response tends to vary, leading to rollback & challenges to safety demanding skill & expertise for safe operation. Based on field observations across Mahindra tractor platforms, we identified start-stop maneuver task to be offloaded from the operator to improve control and consistency and take skill element out of picture. This paper outlines the approach derived based on dual-mode Hill Hold and Parking Brake system, developed using traction motor torque control and SAHR-based hydraulic braking via proportional valves. The VCU works at the heart of this system to dynamically choose between electric and hydraulic modes based on vehicle state, ignition, and motor conditions. Parking brake automation logic has been
M, Rojer, T, Ganesan, P, Velusamy, Natarajan, Saravanan, V, MATHANKUMAR, tripathi, Shankar, narni, Kiran, Haldorai, Rajan, devakumar, Kiran
Analysis and Mitigation of Parasitic Noise in Hydraulic Engine Mounts: Addressing Cavitation and Membrane Hitting2026-26-0335To be published on 01/16/2026
Hydraulic engine mounts are widely used in automotive applications to reduce vibration and noise transmission from the engine to the vehicle body by providing high damping at low frequencies and low damping/stiffness at higher frequencies. This is achieved by allowing sufficient clearance between components inside the hydro mount, activating hydraulic damping only with sufficient amplitude inputs. However, this inherently leads to the generation of Parasitic noises emanating from hydraulic engine mounts which significantly degrades the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) performance of vehicles, presenting a considerable challenge in the automotive industry. This encompasses phenomena such as cavitation, arising from the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within the working fluid due to localized pressure drops below the vapor pressure, and membrane hitting, resulting from the dynamic interaction between the fluid and the elastic membrane within the mount. Both noise
Agrawal, Adheesh, Vineeth, Sekharan, Ghosh, Chiranjit, Saxena, Akshansh, Parmar, Aashish, Seenivasan, Gokulram, Nandal, Abhishek, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh
Mitigating Air Flow Sensor Signal Variability to Optimize Engine Operation in Passenger Cars2026-26-0512To be published on 01/16/2026
The need for advanced engine control systems has grown significantly in response to stricter emission regulations and increasing consumer demand for fuel-efficient passenger vehicles. Accurate estimation of intake air flow, coupled with precise fuel control, is essential to overcoming the challenges associated with modern gasoline engine performance. Hot-wire type mass air flow (MAF) sensors are commonly used for measuring intake air flow and are typically mounted on the clean side of the air intake system to protect them from contamination and extend their operational life. Reliable air flow measurement depends on maintaining a consistent and uniform flow across various engine speeds and load conditions. However, the optimal placement of the MAF sensor is often limited by engine packaging constraints, making sensor positioning a critical factor. Incorrect installation can result in inaccurate air flow readings, which negatively impact engine performance and emissions. During the
SONONE, SAGAR DINESH, Kale, Vishal, Kolhe, Vivek M
Design & analysis of Dual Mass flywheel during Engine startup condition in 3 Cylinder Gasoline application2026-26-0349To be published on 01/16/2026
Modern automotive powertrains are increasingly adopting engine downsizing and down speeding to meet stringent emission regulations and improving fuel efficiency However, these changes result in higher torsional vibrations and excitation amplitudes makes more challenge in NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) refinement. With growing customer expectations for premium driving experiences conventional clutch are no longer sufficient. To meet the NVH performance targets of the vehicle Dual Mass Flywheels (DMFs) are used In DMF due to lower stiffness and inertia separation there is a great advantage on torsional filtration in normal drive and idle condition. but the resonance frequency of the connected DMF is lower than the idle RPM. Engine startup is a key drawback with DMF equipped vehicles. The proper tuning of starter motor performance & DMF stiffness is required to cross the resonance zone faster otherwise it will lead to DMF to stay in the resonance zone for a longer time leading to
Jayachandran, Suresh kumar, Vijayaragavan, Thirupathi, M, Devamanalan, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, ahire, Manoj, Vellandi, Vikraman
Corrosion behavioral study of Sintered materials with Ethanol-Blended Fuels - E20 and E852026-26-0277To be published on 01/16/2026
The increasing adoption of ethanol-blended fuels, such as E20 (20% ethanol and 80% gasoline) and E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline), necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their compatibility with automotive engine components to ensure durability and operational reliability. Fuel compatibility is particularly critical for components in direct contact with ethanol-rich fuels, as improper material selection or insufficient testing can lead to corrosion, material degradation, and compromised engine performance. This study focuses on evaluating the behaviour of sintered materials extracted from potential fuel-contact parts of automotive engines when exposed to E20 and E85 fuels. Testing was conducted in accordance with the SAE J1747 standard, which provides a systematic approach for assessing corrosion resistance and material degradation in fuel environments. Following the exposure tests, post-test evaluations included visual inspection to identify surface changes and Scanning
Karthikeyan, C., Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar
Evaluating Thermal Control Strategies to Improve Electric Vehicle Range Using GT Suite2026-26-0362To be published on 01/16/2026
This study focuses on enhancing energy efficiency in electric vehicle (EV) thermal management systems through the development and optimization of control logic. A full vehicle thermal management system (VTMS) was modeled using GT-Suite software, incorporating sub-systems such as the high-voltage battery (HVB), e-powertrain (EPT), and an 8-zone cabin. Thermal models were validated with experimental data to ensure accurate representation of key dynamics, including coolant-to-cell heat transfer, cell-to-ambient heat dissipation, and internal heat generation. Control strategies were devised for Active Grille Shutter (AGS) and radiator fan operations, targeting both cabin cooling and e-powertrain thermal regulation. Energy consumption was optimized by balancing aerodynamic drag, fan power, and compressor power across various driving conditions. A novel series cooling logic was also developed to improve HVB thermal management during mild ambient conditions. Simulation results demonstrate
Chothave, Abhijeet, Kumar, Dipesh, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Khan, Parvej, Thiyagarajan, Rajesh, Pandey, Rishabh, S, Ananth, Anugu, Anil, Mulamalla, Sarveshwar, Gangwar, Adarsh
Evaluation of Intercooler Effectiveness with No Fan, Single Fan, and Dual Fan: A Simulation and Experimental Study2026-26-0579To be published on 01/16/2026
Turbochargers play a crucial role in modern engines by increasing power output and fuel efficiency through intake air compression, thereby improving volumetric efficiency by allowing more air mass into the combustion chamber. However, this process also raises the intake air temperature, which can reduce charge density, lead to detonation, and create emissions challenges-such as smoke limits in diesel engines and knock in gasoline spark-ignited (GSL) engines. To mitigate this, intercoolers are used to cool the compressed air. Due to packaging constraints, intercoolers are typically long and boxy, limiting their effectiveness, especially at low vehicle speeds where ram air flow is minimal. This study investigates the use of auxiliary fans to enhance intercooler performance. Two methodologies were adopted: 1D simulation using GT-Suite and experimental testing on a vehicle under different fan configurations-no fan, single fan, and dual fans (positioned near the intercooler inlet and outlet
PATRA, SOMNATH, HIBARE, NIKHIL, Ganesan, Thanigaivel, Gharte, Jignesh Rajendra
Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Engine Brake System using Chassis Dynamometer2026-26-0511To be published on 01/16/2026
Engine braking is a deceleration technique that leverages the internal friction and pumping losses within the engine. By closing the throttle and potentially selecting a lower gear, the engine creates a retarding force that slows the vehicle. This practice contributes to better fuel economy, decreased brake system load, and improved vehicle handling in specific driving scenarios, such as steep declines or slippery road surfaces. To alleviate stress on their primary braking systems and prevent overheating, heavy vehicles frequently incorporate engine-based braking. While older trucks relied on simple exhaust brakes with a butterfly valve to restrict exhaust flow, these had limited impact. Hence contemporary heavy vehicles almost exclusively use more advanced engine braking technologies. Traditionally, our heavy-duty vehicles use Exhaust brake system to elevate the braking performance on hilly terrains. Hence an improved sample of Engine brake was developed for enhanced braking
M, Vipin Prakash, Rajappan, Dinesh Kumar, R, Suresh, N, Gopi Kannan
Optimization of Negative Crankcase Pressure Mechanism to Minimize Oil Pumping into Combustion chamber and Ensure Particulate Number Compliance in Euro VI Emission for Naturally Aspirated Gas Engine.2026-26-0223To be published on 01/16/2026
Emissions regulations, such as Euro VI, drives the Automotive industry to innovate continuously in Engine development. One significant challenge is the engine oil pumping from the crankcase into the combustion chamber, where it participates in combustion, which contributes to increased Particulate Numbers and fails to meet Euro VI emission compliance. This issue is most noticeable during engine idling and motoring conditions. During this time, a higher negative pressure difference develops between the intake manifold, which is acting above the combustion chamber and the engine crankcase. This pressure difference drives oil-laden blow-by aerosols past piston rings during the intake stroke and through the valve stem seals, allowing oil into the combustion chamber. The impact of the pressure difference between the intake manifold and crankcase was studied by varying the crankcase pressure through crankcase ventilation system. The results confirm that oil entry into the combustion chamber
R, MAHESH BHARATHI, Bondfale, Shubham, Jeyaprakasan, Dharoon Gautham
Optimization of Propeller shaft design to eliminate Launch Undulation (Lateral shake) and Vibration level2026-26-0334To be published on 01/16/2026
During vehicle launches in 1st gear, a lateral shake (undulation) and a pronounced metallic hitting noise were observed in the underbody. The noise was identified as the propeller shaft's second universal joint (UJ) yoke striking the fuel tank mounting bracket. Sensitivity to these issues varied with acceleration inputs: light pedal input during a normal 1st gear launch on a flat road resulted in minimal undulation, whereas wide open throttle (WOT) conditions in 1st gear produced significant lateral shake and intensified hitting noise. Further investigation revealed that the problem persists across all gears and occurs consistently during normal driving conditions, with continuous impact between the propeller shaft yoke and the fuel tank mounting bracket. Extensive experimental measurements at the vehicle level indicated that these issues were primarily caused by the center-mounted propeller shaft joint deviating from its central position and rotating eccentrically under torque. This
Sanjay, L, S, Manickaraja, Kumar, Sarvesh, Kanagaraj, Pothiraj, Senthil Raja, T, B, Prem Prabhakar, M, Kiran
Structural analysis and Design optimization of Cylinder Head of Cummins Light duty Engine for Medium Wheelbase (MWB) pick-up truck2026-26-0495To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the design, structural analysis, and risk assessment done by Cummins to evaluate the structural integrity of Light Duty engine cylinder head for a Medium Wheelbase (MWB) pick-up truck. Initially, Cummins used F2.5L (4-cylinder) engine that has 154hp, but rising market demands for more power, fuel efficiency, lower cost and weight, and future emission compliance led to customer requirements for 177hp (Drive New F2.5L, 15% uprate) and 197hp+ (Drive New F3.0L, 22% uprate) from the same base engine. The increase in power requirement possesses challenges on critical components, especially cylinder heads in terms of thermal and structural limits. This paper addresses the challenges and risks in current cylinder head design driven by new power demands, specifically reduced fatigue margins in the water jacket area and increased temperatures on the combustion face under high thermomechanical loads. It explores the design modifications made to the cylinder head design to
Pathak, Arun Jyoti, Adiverekar, Vaidehi, Singh, Rahul, Biyani, Mayur
A Performance-driven Numerical Approach for Optimizing the Plenum Opening Area of Cowl Box2026-26-0461To be published on 01/16/2026
There is a scarcity of research in literature regarding the determination of Plenum Opening Area of cowl box. The area of the plenum opening in the cowl box significantly affects the airflow rate in fresh airflow modes, such as face and defrost modes, as well as issues related to water ingress. Primarily, the size of the plenum opening is determined by the necessary HVAC airflow rate. This study aims to investigate how the plenum opening area impacts both airflow discharge and the water ingress issue in the HVAC module. A novel approach is introduced in this research to determine the optimal plenum opening area of the cowl box, taking into account both airflow rate and water ingress concerns. The ANSYS FLUENT software is utilized to analyze airflow discharge in both face and defrost modes, while the SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) based Preonlab tool is employed for water ingress analysis. Airflow discharge is evaluated for various plenum opening sizes in both modes, and the area
Baskar, Subramaniyan, Mahesh, A, Gopinathan, Nagarajan
AI-Driven Stress and Fatigue Life Prediction of Engine Connecting Rods using Geometric Deep Learning2026-26-0633To be published on 01/16/2026
The connecting rod is one of the critical components of the engine which is subjected to complex cyclic loading, demanding precise evaluation of stress distribution and fatigue life. Conventional Finite Element Method (FEM)-based simulations, while accurate, are computationally expensive and time-intensive—especially when iterating through multiple design variations. To address this, we present an AI/ML-based predictive framework using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Geometric Deep Learning (GDL) techniques to efficiently predict stress and fatigue life of the connecting rod. The methodology involves representing FEM mesh data as graph structures, where nodes and edges capture geometric and physical relationships. GNN architectures, including MeshCNN and PointNet++, are trained on historical simulation data to learn spatial dependencies and nonlinear mappings between geometry, load conditions, and resulting stress/life outputs. The framework significantly reduces computation time
Pathan, Mohammed Shakil, K, Karthikeyan, pilla, sashanka, S Kangde, Suhas
Simulation based optimization of the NVH characteristics in modern high speed engine during development phase2026-26-0326To be published on 01/16/2026
Engine noise mitigation is paramount in powertrain development for enhanced performance and occupant comfort. Identifying NVH problems at the prototype stage leads to costly and time-consuming redesigns and modifications, potentially delaying the product launch. NVH simulations facilitate identification of noise and vibration sources, informing design modifications prior to physical prototyping. Early detection and resolution of NVH problems through simulation can significantly shorten the overall development cycle and multiple physical prototypes and costly redesigns. During NVH simulations, predicting and optimizing valvetrain and timing drive noise necessitates transfer of bearing, valve spring, and contact forces to NVH simulation models. Traditional simulations, involved continuous force data export and NVH model evaluation for each design variant, pose efficiency challenges. In this paper, an approach for preliminary assessment of dB level reductions across design iterations is
Rai, Ankur, Deshpande, Ajay Mahadeo, YADAV, Rakesh
Low idle boom noise reduction on Light Weight Agricultural Cabin Tractor2026-26-0100To be published on 01/16/2026
In Last two decades, Farm customer expectation on Cabin comfort has been increased multifold. To provide the best-in-class customer experience in terms of comfort without adding cost and weight is bigger challenge for all NVH Engineers. It is evident from literature survey that cabin tractors with better comfort is well accepted by customers in US and European Market. Apart from engine excitation, customer has become more sensitive to customer-actuated-accessory noises due to overall reduction in cabin noise in last 2 decades. This paper presents the study conducted on HVAC blower noise in 30HP cabin tractor Tactile vibrations and Cabin Noise is not acceptable when AC is switched on due to low frequency modulating nature in frequency range of ~65Hz and 130Hz. The investigation is carried out systematically considering each component of Source-Path-Receiver model. HVAC blower unit as source is diagnosed in detail to understand root cause. Strong dominance of first order of blower been
K, Somasundaram, Chavan, Amit
Accelerating EV Thermal Controls Development: A Rapid controls prototyping framework using Speedgoat2026-26-0685To be published on 01/16/2026
In the era of software-defined vehicles, the complexity and requirements of automotive systems have increased significantly. Thermal management systems have become more complicated, incorporating multiple functions and strategies within software frameworks. This shift poses substantial challenges, increased development efforts and extending timelines in creating an efficient thermal management system for EVs. Fulfilling them in the early stages of design makes it more challenging due to the unavailability of key components such as fully developed ECU hardware, the battery pack, and the motor. To address this, a novel framework has been designed that combines virtual simulation with physical emulation, enabling the testing and validation of thermal control strategies without fully matured system and ECU hardware. The framework uses the Speedgoat platform as the central controller which hosts the control and thermal models developed in Simulink and Simscape. Speedgoat is physically
Chothave, Abhijeet, S, Bharathan, S, Ananth, Gangwar, Adarsh, Khan, Parvej, Gummadi, Gopakishore, Kumar, Dipesh
"Exploring the Effects of Oil Cooler Deletion on Tractor Engine Operation"2026-26-0547To be published on 01/16/2026
Cost reduction remains a significant challenge for engine manufacturers, particularly for off-highway application vehicles. An optimal engine lubrication system, encompassing engine oil and an oil cooler, is critical for thermal management and minimizing frictional losses. This system ensures adequate lubrication and cooling of engine components, thereby maintaining optimal performance. This study investigates the implications of oil cooler removal in a 45HP inline engine tractor. Various validation trials were conducted, including high ambient temperature tests under worst-case conditions, high coolant temperature scenarios, and a rigorous tractor killer test. In the latter, the tractor underwent 100 hours of operation on a PTO bench at maximum engine RPMs. Despite an observable increase in lubricant oil temperature during these tests, the tractor did not exhibit any component seizure or failure. The findings aim to determine whether the inclusion of an oil cooler is essential for the
Gupta, Deepak, Kumar, Pankaj, Singh, Manjinder, Singh, Gagandeep, Kumar, Munish, SINGH, HARPREET, Singh, Maninder
Risk assessment of cold side components using quick modal analysis correlation technique.2026-26-0441To be published on 01/16/2026
Abstract: Modal analysis is performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure or system. It helps engineers understand how a system vibrates and how external forces, such as mechanical loads, might excite unwanted resonances. To check the stresses due to vibration inputs, certain G levels are assumed, and stresses are scaled to those vibration levels. This gives an understanding of the stresses of component with respect to its EFR limit and design margins are calculated. But, assumed acceleration levels in pre-prototype stage level can over predict or under predict the design margins. A quick modal analysis corelation technique can be used by using test measured accelerations conducted at prototype stage of the program. In this work, a modal analysis corelation technique is used to perform risk assessment of intake manifold. The intake manifold failed due to high vibration levels which were not captured from high cycle fatigue analysis with assumed G-level
Bale, Shrikant Bhaskar, Bawache, Krushna
All New 1.2L Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine from Tata Motors2026-26-0071To be published on 01/16/2026
A continuous stress on meeting stringent emissions regulations alongside rising consumer expectations for enhanced driving performance and refinement on powertrain applications on passenger cars. To address this customer aspirations Tata Motors has engineered the advanced 1.2L 3-cylinder turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine HYPERION. This next-generation powertrain is designed to maximize efficiency, lower emissions and deliver superior performance with improved noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. Key innovations includes highly optimized fuel injectors injector operating at 35 MPa, CVO-3 (3rd Gen Controlled Valve Operation), Miller Cycle with Electrically actuated VGT turbocharger and an AI-enabled engine management system, which collectively enhances efficiency and performance. The exhaust after-treatment system incorporates a Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) and an integrated Four-Way Conversion Catalyst (FWC+TM) for efficient emission control. The BS6 phase 2
Hosur, Viswanatha, Ghadge, Ganesh Narayan, Joshi, Manoj, Jadhav, Aashish, Panwar, Anupam
Prediction of Trimmed BIW Noise transfer function based on BIW response using Machine Learning2026-26-0640To be published on 01/16/2026
This research focuses on the prediction of the Noise Transfer Function (NTF) in a trimmed Body-in-White (BIW) structure by leveraging machine learning technique considering BIW-level NTF, dynamic stiffness at engine mount attachment points, and Vibration Transfer Function (VTF). The study employs an iterative methodology, adjusting the thickness of various BIW panels to analyse their impact on noise transfer characteristics. Frequency response functions are generated at the BIW attachment points to assess the effectiveness of these modifications. By systematically increasing and decreasing panel thicknesses, and stiffness at the attachment point and trimmed BIW level responses the study aims to optimize the acoustic performance of the BIW structure. The findings provide critical insights into the relationship between structural modifications and noise transfer, offering valuable guidance for automotive design and engineering during early design stage to reduce the development time.
Kulkarni, Prasad Ramesh, Bijwe, Vilas, Kulkarni, Shirish, Sahu, Dilip, Inamdar, Pushpak
Performance Analysis of Filter Resistance, Louver Airflow, and Fan Heat Dissipation to protect Swapping station Charger2026-26-0177To be published on 01/16/2026
Efficient thermal management in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations is critical for ensuring the reliability, safety, and longevity of power electronics. This study presents a comprehensive bench test analysis of three key parameters influencing charger cooling efficiency: filter resistance, louver airflow, and fan heat dissipation. A test bench was developed to measure pressure drop, temperature gradients, and air velocity variations across multiple filter types, louver orientations, and fan configurations. The results show that higher-efficiency filters (e.g., HEPA, MERV13) significantly reduce airflow, increasing thermal stress on electronic components, while optimized louver angles improve directional airflow, reduce turbulence, and enhance cooling performance. High-performance axial and centrifugal fans with adaptive control mechanisms further contribute to effective heat dissipation, maintaining stable operating temperatures under varying load conditions. This study provides
S, Sri Saran, chinnanna, Manjunath, Ajith, Arjun, B, Viswanathan, Kulkarni, Mukund, R, Vigneshwaran, Dhachinamoorthi, Sivanantham
Advanced Thermal Management for High-Tonnage EVs: Increasing Coolant Flow and Reducing Energy Losses2026-26-0196To be published on 01/16/2026
With the increasing tonnage of electric heavy commercial vehicles, there is a growing demand for higher power and torque-rated traction motors. As motor ratings increase, efficient cooling of the EV powertrain system becomes critical to maintaining optimal performance. Higher heat loads from traction motors and inverters pose significant challenges, necessitating an innovative cooling strategy to enhance system efficiency, sustainability, and reliability. Battery-electric heavy commercial vehicles face substantial cooling challenges due to the high-pressure drop characteristics of conventional traction system cooling architectures. These limitations restrict coolant flow through key powertrain components and the radiator, reducing heat dissipation efficiency and constraining the operating ambient temperature range. Inefficient cooling also leads to increased energy consumption, impacting the overall sustainability of electric mobility solutions. This paper presents a novel approach to
DIXIT, SAMEER, Patil, Bhushan, Ghosh, Sandeep
Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Assessment of Cylinder Heads Using Advanced Simulation Techniques2026-26-0465To be published on 01/16/2026
Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) is a critical durability concern for cylinder heads in internal combustion engines, particularly under severe cyclic thermal and mechanical loads. TMF-induced damage often initiates in geometrically constrained regions with high thermal gradients and can significantly reduce component life. As performance demands increase, understanding and mitigating TMF becomes essential to ensure the structural integrity and long-term reliability of engine components. This study presents a simulation methodology for evaluating thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF), a temperature-dependent low-cycle fatigue (LCF) mechanism that arises from repeated thermal expansion and contraction under mechanical constraints, leading to cyclic plastic deformation and damage. The methodology consists of two key phases. Phase I involves global finite element (FE) simulations—both thermal and structural—to obtain temperature and displacement fields under rated and idle engine conditions
Ghotekar, Sunil, Kumbhar, Dipak Madhukar, Pendse, Ameya
Controls Solutions for Commercial Hydrogen Engines2026-26-0112To be published on 01/16/2026
India’s commitment to carbon neutrality is significantly shaping the future architecture of commercial vehicle powertrains. While the use of CO₂-free technologies such as battery-electric drivetrains has already been successfully demonstrated across various applications, challenges related to limited range and the lack of high-power charging infrastructure continue to hinder widespread adoption, particularly for productivity-critical commercial vehicles. This has shifted the spotlight toward sustainable fuels, which offer the advantage of fast refueling times. Among these, hydrogen internal combustion engines (H₂ ICE) have gained increasing attention in recent years. In regions such as the European Union, the primary motivation for hydrogen is CO₂ reduction. In contrast, for markets like India, hydrogen also presents a strategic opportunity for reducing dependency on fossil fuel imports. Over the past four years, AVL has carried out multiple performance and emission development
Arnberger, Anton, Danninger, Alois, Mannsberger, Stefan, Breitegger, Bernhard
Machine Learning based Engine Mount NVH Life Health Monitoring System2026-26-0359To be published on 01/16/2026
Refinement for NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance, and long-term vehicle reliability are rapidly evolving in today’s automotive industry. Engine mounts play a central role in isolating powertrain-induced vibrations; their deterioration can significantly affect cabin comfort, powertrain integrity, and customer satisfaction. Prior work in this area has primarily focused on direct mount sensors and physical inspection at service centre after failure. While effective in controlled environments, such methods are not scalable, add system complexity, and increase vehicle cost due to sudden breakdowns—challenges that restrict practical OEM deployment. This paper introduces a novel indirect health monitoring method that leverages a driver seat rail-mounted accelerometer to capture driver specific vibrational responses. By analyzing these signals using machine learning models and domain-specific analytical features, engine mount health is inferred without requiring sensors on the
Iqbal, Shoaib, Dusane, Mangesh
Advanced Sensor less Machine Learning Technique for Early Detection of Engine Oil Degradation2026-26-0656To be published on 01/16/2026
Maximizing vehicle uptime and reducing maintenance costs are critical objectives in modern automotive systems, making efficient resource utilization a top priority. One key factor is engine oil degradation, which directly affects engine performance, longevity, and overall vehicle efficiency. Current Conventional oil monitoring approaches are real time based on dedicated sensors—can be inefficient, costly, or poorly adapted to varying usage conditions. While earlier studies have explored sensor-based or chemical analysis methods for oil health monitoring, these solutions often lack scalability and cost-effectiveness for widespread adoption. This paper introduces a Machine Learning-based Engine Oil Degradation Detection System that operates non-intrusively using existing vehicle CAN signals, requiring no additional sensors. Key engine parameters such as RPM, Torque, Gear Position, Engine Power, Coolant Temperature, and Odometer readings are trained with tri-bological properties
Dusane, Mangesh, Tade, Vilas, Iqbal, Shoaib
A LOW PRESSURE PUMPLESS DEF DOSING SYSTEM BY USING COMPRESSED AIR AND AN AIR ASSISTED DEF INJECTION NOZZLE2026-26-0219To be published on 01/16/2026
This study emphasizes on development of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) dosing system specifically used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of diesel engine for emission control ,where a low pressure pumpless DEF dosing system is developed, utilizing compressed air for pressurizing the DEF tank and discharging DEF through air assisted DEF injection nozzle. SCR systems utilize Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) to convert harmful NOx emissions from diesel engines into harmless nitrogen and water vapor. Factors such as improper storage, handling, or refilling practices can lead to DEF contamination which pose significant operational challenges for SCR systems. Traditional piston-type, diaphragm-type, or gear-type pumps in DEF dosing systems are prone to mechanical failures leading to frequent maintenance, repairs, and costly downtimes for vehicles. To overcome the existing challenges and to create a more reliable and simple DEF delivery mechanism the pumpless DEF Dosing system is developed. The
M, Hareni, Giridharan, Jyothivel, A.l, Suresh, v, yuvaraj, Rajan, Bharath
Electromagnetically levitated engine mount2026-26-0342To be published on 01/16/2026
Nowadays, the highly competitive automotive business industry requires manufacturers to pay more attention to passenger comfort and riding quality. Apart from suspension, engine mounts plays major role in vehicle NVH. Engine mounts is used to support weight of powertrain & to isolate unbalanced engine disturbance forces from vehicle body. Engine mounts are designed in such a way that no metal to metal contact is remained in between powertrain & rest of the vehicle. This idea presents the solution to completely isolate the powertrain from body so that no engine vibrations can be transferred, which will eventually increase the life of Engine mount
Hazra, Sandip, Naik, Sarang Pramod, more, Vishwas
Engine Management System Strategies for Mitigating Dual Mass Flywheel Resonance in Gasoline Powertrains2026-26-0052To be published on 01/16/2026
In today's fast paced and competitive automotive market meeting the customers expectations is the key to any OEM. This has led to development of downsized high performance engines with refinement as an important deliverable. However developing such high output engines do come with challenges of refinement, especially higher torsional vibrations leading to transmission noise issues. Hence, it becomes important to isolate the transmission system from these high torsional vibration input. To address this, one of the most common method is to adopt Dual Mass flywheel (DMF) as this component dampens torsional vibrations and isolates the transmission unit from the same. While Dual Mass Flywheel assemblies do great job in protecting the transmission units by not allowing the oscillations to pass through them, they do have their own natural resonance frequency band close to the engine idle (low) engine speeds, which must be avoided for a continuous operation otherwise it may lead to Dual Mass
Raiker, Rajan, viswanatha, Hosur C, Jadhav, Aashish, Jain, Ojase, Jadhav, Marisha
NVH Refinement on the Agriculture Tractor using Coupled Test and Simulation Approach2026-26-0316To be published on 01/16/2026
The Indian farmers choice of agriculture tractor brand is driven by the ease of operation and fuel efficiency. However, the customer preference for operator comfort is driving many tractor OEMs for improvement in noise and vibration at the operator location. Also, the compliance to CMVR regulation for noise at operator ear location and vibration at driver touch point location are mandatory for all the tractors in India. NVH refinement development of the tractor plays a critical role in achieving the regulated noise level and improved tactile vibration In presented work, Noise Source Identification (NSI) is carried out to identify and rank airborne and structure borne noise sources at tractor level through elimination method followed by engine level testing in hemi anechoic chamber to identify the major noise radiating components by using noise and vibration measurement, sound intensity mapping tools. The outcome of NSI has revealed silencer, timing gear cover and oil sump to be highest
Gaikwad, Atul Annasaheb, Bankar, Harshal, Yadav, Prasad S, Harishchandra Walke, Nagesh
A fluid-structure- interaction based methodology to evaluate aero-thermal performance of deformable air guides2026-26-0364To be published on 01/16/2026
An air guide in a car directs fresh air onto the Heat Exchangers (HXs) to facilitate efficient thermal management. It is of paramount importance that the air guide creates a proper sealing and prevents any leakage of the incoming fresh air. It is achieved in two ways – 1) In the design condition, the air guide is manufactured in a way so that it overlaps/intersects with the surrounding components 2) the air-guide is made flexible with a highly elastic rubber seal at the edge. When the air-guide is assembled, the rubber portion of the air-guide deforms to produce a proper fit leading to a sealed air-intake pathway. At high-speed condition as well as high airflow conditions by the radiator fan during idling/stationary, like DC charging – incase of BEV, etc., the air guide encounters high pressure. Being elastic and flexible, these conditions make the air guide susceptible to deformation with potential leakage of incoming air. Digital evaluation of the air guide deformation at different
GADASU, RAVISHASTRI, CHOUDHURY, SATYAJIT, Umesh, Acharya Vaibhav, Kumar, Saravanan, Yenugu, Srinivasa, Zander, Daniel, Beesetti, Siva, Hattarke, Mallikarjun
Engine oil fluctuation study in HLA gallery and impact of VVT cam phasing on oil fluctuation.2026-26-0559To be published on 01/16/2026
Oil pressure, the most fundamental to engine's performance and longevity, is critical as it ensures that the engine components are properly lubricated, cooled, and protected against wear and contamination, ultimately contributing to reliable engine performance. Due to several factors of engine, such as speed and load, there are fluctuations in oil pressure, which can be controllable and sometimes unpredictable. Controlled oil pressure fluctuations are essential for engine efficiency and adaptability, such as adaptive lubrication, temperature compensation, and hydraulic component functioning like variable valve timing, VVT, and hydraulic lash adjuster, HLA. But excessive or irregular fluctuations can indicate serious issues like excessive or sudden drops, unstable engine performance, valve train noise, improper lifter operation, VVT malfunctions, overheating, and increased wear. In this paper, HLA gallery pressure fluctuations are studied, and its impact was assessed on valve train
Kumar, Ashok, Choubisa, Manas, Kumar, Ravi, pathak, Mehul
Technologies and Strategies for High Break Thermal Efficiency Gasoline Engine to Meet the Future CO2 Emission Targets in India2026-26-0072To be published on 01/16/2026
The Indian automobile industry is experiencing a significant shift, propelled by environmental necessities and national climate obligations set at the CoP26 summit, aiming for a 45% decrease in CO₂ emissions by 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality by 2070 [1]. Transportation continues to be a significant source of air pollution; consequently, India is enhancing its regulatory frameworks with BS VI Stage 2 regulations, CAFE Phase III norms set for 2027, and CAFE Phase IV by 2032 [2]. Furthermore, the transition from MIDC to WLTP driving cycle is meant to increase the accuracy of the efficiency and emissions assessments [2]. To comply to these upcoming regulations, the automotive industry is moving toward producing high efficiency engines in India. A naturally aspirated (NA) 1.5L, 4- cylinder inline gasoline engine was selected from Indian market for this study. Maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of this engine is around 35%. Assessment of new technologies were performed by
Emran, Ashraf, Jagodzinski, Bartosch, Garg, Shivam, Fischer, Marcus, Franzke, Bjoern
Innovative Multi-Axial Testing approach for Enhanced Reliability of Cooling Modules in Commercial Vehicles2026-26-0530To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents an innovative in-lab accelerated testing approach for chassis-mounted components, with a particular focus on the cooling module of commercial vehicles. The proposed method simulates real-time data acquired from field operations and replicates all critical chassis modes, including torsion. Additionally, real-time coolant circulation at specified pressure and temperature maintenance are feasible during durability testing, enhancing the realism of the test environment. The cooling modules, comprising the radiator, intercooler, and charge air cooler (CAC), often experience failures due to various multi-axial inputs and chassis modes. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for replicating field conditions in the lab, utilizing seven servo-hydraulic actuators to simulate multi-axial inputs. The accuracy of in-lab simulation for the acceleration levels at input and response locations of the cooling module exceeds 90%. This makes it a preferred choice for test
V Dhage, Yogesh, Satale, Sunil
Comprehensive evaluation and development of a single cylinder engine vehicle for refinement of NVH characteristics2026-26-0308To be published on 01/16/2026
The scale of worldwide population presents its own set of difficulties, especially in densely populated cities. Almost every individual has some form of personal transport, which leads to congestion and limited parking space. Automotive manufacturers are scaling down the size of vehicles to resolve these issues to some extent. This paper is based on the NVH development of a single-cylinder diesel engine vehicle. It provides an insight into the comprehensive vehicle level NVH refinement approaches adopted. The NVH characteristics of the benchmark two-cylinder diesel and baseline vehicle were measured and analyzed for target setting. The performance of each subsystem, such as engine mounting, vehicle structure, intake and exhaust, was evaluated, and gap analysis was performed against set targets. It was found that the engine mounting system and vehicle structure were inefficient in isolating the excitation forces. The design and location of the mounting system was evaluated using CAE and
Ghale, Guruprasad Chandrashekhar, Baviskar, Shreyas, Bendre, Parag, Kamble, Pranit, Bhangare, Amit, THAKUR, SUNIL, Kunde, Sagar, Wagh, Sachin
High-Frequency Dynamic Stiffness Measurements of Automotive Elastomers for Electric Vehicles2026-26-0312To be published on 01/16/2026
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the demand for advanced elastomeric materials capable of meeting stringent noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) requirements. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs lack traditional powertrain-induced masking noise. In the automotive industry the dynamic stiffness of elastomers for internal combustion engines are determined traditionally using hydraulic test rigs up to test frequencies of max. 1000 Hz. Measurements in excess of these frequencies were not possible and are only carried out using computerized FE or CAE calculation models. Electric drive systems generate distinct tonal noise components in the high-frequency range up to 10 kHz , which are well perceptible even at low sound pressure levels. Consequently, the dynamic stiffness characteristics of elastomers up to 3000 Hz are critical for optimizing NVH performance. This study focuses on the high-frequency dynamic stiffness testing of automotive
Bohne, Christian, Gröne, Michael
Value-Engineered Design Optimization of a Reinforced Plastic Bracket to Meet Natural Frequency Targets in Passenger Vehicles.2026-26-0355To be published on 01/16/2026
The transition from metal to plastic in the design of engine mount brackets marks a pivotal step toward sustainable and value-driven automotive engineering. This study investigates the optimization of plastic engine mount brackets, focusing on material selection, structural performance, and alignment with NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) targets. Recycled polymer composites were chosen for their favorable mechanical properties, environmental resilience, and contribution to circular economy goals. The primary objectives were weight reduction, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturability, without compromising structural integrity or long-term durability. A combination of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), CAE-based durability simulations, modal analysis, and comprehensive vehicle-level validation was conducted to assess dynamic performance. Results demonstrated that the optimized plastic brackets not only satisfy critical natural frequency and durability requirements but also offer a
Hazra, Sandip, Gupta, Deepak, Khan, Arkadip, Gite, Yogesh
Effect of E20 Fuel on Small Commercial Vehicle Powered of Twin Cylinder Gasoline engine2026-26-0565To be published on 01/16/2026
In alignment with its carbon reduction commitments, India is transitioning towards higher ethanol-blended fuels, with E20 set for nationwide implementation by 2025. Ethanol is a renewable, domestically sourced biofuel produced through fermentation of biomass such as sugarcane, corn. It possesses a higher octane rating and oxygen content compared to conventional gasoline, making it a favorable additive for improving engine performance and reducing emissions. This study investigates the impact of E20 fuel on performance parameters of a twin-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine. For deriving maximum benefits of increased Octane rating of E20, compression ratio increased. Experimental analysis was conducted to assess the changes in combustion behavior, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque output, engine out emissions and thermal efficiency when operating on E20 compared to baseline gasoline-E10. Results indicate that E20 enables more efficient combustion due to its higher laminar flame
Kulkarni, Deepak, Malekar, Hemant A, Kulkarni, Chaitanya, Thonge, Ravindra, Kanchan, Shubham
A Mathematical Modelling Approach Based on Artificial Neural Network for Estimation of Key Parameters in Internal Combustion Engine2026-26-0659To be published on 01/16/2026
In a conventional powertrain driven by Internal combustion (IC) engines, there are many key sensors such as intake manifold temperature sensor, exhaust temperature sensor, Nitrogen oxide (NOx) sensors etc. to monitor engine performance and emissions. For enabling various diagnostics strategies and engine monitoring, virtual sensors or modelled values of such sensors play an important role. Conventional strategies incorporate the use of regression models, map-based models and physics-based models. There are a few drawbacks with conventional models in terms of accuracy and model calibrations efforts. Data driven models or neural networks have fairly better accuracy and reliability for estimating complex parameters. Representing the neural network with a mathematics-based model would help to eliminate drawbacks associated with conventional modelling approach. The proposed methodology uses artificial intelligence technique called artificial neural network (ANN) for estimation, for example
Jagtap, Virendra Shashikant, Shejwal, Sanket, Mitra, Partha
Condition-Based Monitoring for Prompt Identification of Component Failures to Safeguard the Entire System.2026-26-0576To be published on 01/16/2026
Condition-based monitoring (CBM) has emerged as a transformative approach in predictive maintenance, enabling the proactive identification of potential component failures. It offers numerous advantages like Cost Savings, Increased Equipment Lifespan, RCA of failed parts, Optimized Resource Utilization, Reduced Disruptions, Enhanced Reliability and Safety and many more making it a vital approach for effective maintenance and operational efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for monitoring and analyzing vibration trends to predict and prevent the breakdown of critical components in IC Engine in its testing phase. The good part here is that this methodology is not just limited to IC Engine but can be applied across wide range of industries and mechanical systems as from the literature and past vibration data, it was observed that before any such failure engine vibration increases. If the engine is stopped at that moment, it can be preserved, allowing for further
Gupta, Gaurav, Verma, Vivek
Cabin modelling approach in 1D simulation for studying the impact of partial recirculation in warmup for BEV at extreme cold ambient conditions2026-26-0450To be published on 01/16/2026
The inclusion of the cabin in HVAC simulations gained more importance with the introduction of BEV’s. Thermal management and efficiency being in the forefront, exploration for the possible opportunities to reduce the energy consumption for meeting the comfort of passengers gained importance. The energy consumed by the Electric coolant or air heaters for heating the cabin at extreme cold ambient temperatures to deliver similar comfort to that of an ICE version is 2 to 3 times that of the energy required for cooling the cabin in a high ambient condition. Even during the sizing of HVAC system, if traditional method of ambient or fresh air conditions is considered for calculating the requirements, the result is we would require a product which will have unrealistic performance demand. Hence to explore different possibilities for studying the system, usage of recirculation air was considered as one of the options. This paper talks about the approach followed in creating the cabin model in
Veerla, Eswar, Subramanian, Karthik
Improving Cold Start and Transient Performance of Medium BMEP CEV Stage V Engines at Low Ambient Temperature and Pressure2026-26-0142To be published on 01/16/2026
Meeting the stringent emissions norms of CEV stage V for medium BMEP engines, CI engines present significant challenges, particularly concerning cold startability. Low ambient temperatures and pressures intensify the cold start difficulties which are characterized by prolonged cranking, incidences of misfiring, compromised transient response and overall engine performance. This paper highlights the strategies and technologies employed to enhance cold start and transient performance of medium BMEP engines under such demanding environmental conditions. Investigations were conducted up to an altitude of 4500m and ambient temperatures as low as-20°C, utilizing only air heater at intake manifold as the sole cold start aid. This cost effective approach is integrated with an optimized combustion chamber design, along with minimal pilot injection timing and quantity to facilitate smooth ignition and stable combustion during cold start. The paper also explore the techniques to improve the
Saxena, Harshit, Lokare, Prasad, Santhosh, Ajith, Gandhi, Naresh, Shinde, Prashant
Source Level Vibration Control of a Tractor Engine Through Inertial Force Balancing2026-26-0323To be published on 01/16/2026
Controlling the source vibrations in internal combustion engines is a crucial approach to minimizing the vibration levels experienced by the driver. The driver's subjective perception of vibration is primarily dictated by the vehicle's low-frequency response (<100 Hz). In IC engines used in agricultural tractor applications, the primary sources of vibration include (a) first-order inertial force, (b) couples generated by rotating and reciprocating components such as the piston assembly, connecting rod, and crankshaft, and (c) in-cylinder combustion. In this study, an order ranking analysis was conducted on a single-cylinder, air-cooled, naturally aspirated tractor engine within the driver's operating range to identify the dominant contributors to source vibrations. The first-order inertial force was observed to be the dominant contributor to the engine's vibration levels. Subsequently, an attempt was made to mitigate the unbalanced forces by implementing counterweight-based balancing
Bhuntel, Ajay, Rajput, Surendra, Rawat, Ashish
Thermal System design of Inter-City Fuel Cell Electric Bus2026-26-0427To be published on 01/16/2026
In the current scenario, demand for alternate energy is increasing due to depletion of fossil fuels and countries commitment towards carbon neutrality by 2050. Hydrogen is considered as one of the cleaner fuels and many OEMs across the world started to work on various strategies like hydrogen combustion engine and fuel cell. Passenger vehicles like Buses are at the lookout for fuel cell technology at faster rate than other commercial vehicles. In fuel cell vehicles, cooling system design is critical & complex since it includes fuel cell cooling, Power electronics cooling & battery cooling. In this paper cooling system design of a Fuel cell electric bus for inter-city application is demonstrated. Radiators and Fans are selected based on the overall heat rejection and Coolant inlet temperature requirements of components. Cooling system circuit and pump is decided to meet the coolant flow rate targets. Flow simulation and thermal simulation done using simulation models using software KULI
M S, Vignesh, KIRAN, NALAVADATH
Optimization of a Positive Displacement Type Supercharger Using Response Surface Modeling (RSM)2026-26-0429To be published on 01/16/2026
Air suction in a naturally aspirated engine is a crucial influencing parameter to dictate the specific fuel consumption and emissions. For a multi-cylinder engine, a turbocharger can well address this issue. However, in a single or two-cylinder engine, the usage of turbocharger is not recommended, due to the lack of availability of continuous exhaust energy pulses. A supercharger solution comes handy in this regard for a single or two-cylinder engine. In this exercise, we explore the possibility of the usage of a positive displacement type supercharger, to enhance the air flow rate of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, diesel engine for genset application, operating at 1500 rpm. The supercharger parametric 3D CAD model was prepared in Creo, with (a) Generating radius, (b) depth of blower and (c) clearance between lobes & lobe and casing, being treated as three parameters. The optimum supercharger design was expected to (a) generate a boost pressure of minimum 0.4 bar (gauge), (b
Satre, Santosh Dadasaheb, Mukherjee, Nalini, Rajput, Surendra, Nene, Devendra
Development of Flex fuel Vehicle for Indian Market2026-26-0117To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the methodology and outcomes of modifying a 1.2L naturally aspirated (NA) engine to enable flex-fuel compatibility, targeting optimal performance with ethanol blends ranging from E20 to E93. The road map for Ethanol Blending released by Govt of India call for progressively increase in ethanol blending in gasoline, with a target of 20% by April 2025. Ethanol is promoted as a renewable fuel due to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provides an additional source of income for farmers. This work is in alignment with the broader push for development of flex-fuel vehicles, which necessitates engine adaptations capable of operating on varying ethanol blends. The primary objective was to retain the performance with E20 while mitigating the fuel consumption penalties when the vehicle is operating on higher ethanol concentrations upto E93. The engine upgrade incorporated key modifications, including optimizing the compression ratio, implementing Variable
Tyagarajan, Sethuramalingam, Pise, Chetan, Kavekar, Pratap, Agarwal, Nishant Kumar
Adaptive Control Algorithms for Active Mounts on Diesel Powertrains in Passenger Cars2026-26-0324To be published on 01/16/2026
Diesel powertrains are inherently characterized by high vibration levels and low-frequency excitations, which are extremely demanding for passenger comfort and vehicle refinement. Conventional passive engine mounts often fall short in mitigating such vibrations effectively across a wide range of operating conditions. Passive mounts are inadequate for effectively isolating vibrations in powerful, lightweight vehicles or those without a balancer shaft 3-cylinder engine ordiesel engines. Consequently, this has prompted the consideration of active engine mounts as an alternative solution for solving NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness)-related issues. This paper explores the application of adaptive control algorithms in active engine mount systems for diesel powertrains in passenger vehicles. Through the integration of real-time feedback loops with smart control strategies the system adaptively controls mount stiffness and damping to minimize engine-induced vibrations. The study presents
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip Amitava, more, Vishwas
Experimental evaluation of Energy and Exergy of Hydrogen, CNG and Gasoline fuelled High-Speed Spark Ignition Engine2026-26-0258To be published on 01/16/2026
HIGHLIGHTS The maximum power is recorded with Gasoline than CNG and Hydrogen fuel. The maximum exergy and energy efficiency is with Hydrogen, followed by CNG and then Gasoline. Hydrogen fuel has a maximum potential to convert into energy. The maximum energy destruction of 48.7kW for gasoline fuel at 3000 rpm and followed by CNG and hydrogen. The maximum entropy generation of 85.5 W/K with Gasoline and 60.72 W/K and 29.39W/K for CNG and hydrogen engine respectively at 10000 rpm. The entropy generation rate increase with engine speed. The highest rate of heat release is from hydrogen fuel, followed by Gasoline and CNG.   ABSTRACT- The analysis was performed on a single Cylinder, Multivalve, Electronic Fuel Injection, high-speed motor fuelled engine with Gasoline, CNG and Hydrogen to assess energetic and exegetic performance. The engine was evaluated from 3000 rpm to 10000 rpm on each of the three fuels. All tests are led at Wide Open Throttle condition.The Gasoline and CNG
shinde, Apurwa Balasaheb, SHINDE, DR BALU, Kadam, Tushar, karunamurthy, K
Comprehensive Validation Methodologies for Hydrogen IC Engines: Combustion Analysis and Performance Metrics2026-26-0256To be published on 01/16/2026
The validation of hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine (H2 ICE) is critical to assess its feasibility as sustainable transportation with zero carbon emissions. Validation of H2 ICE necessitates a specialized testing & analysis methodologies to achieve reliable test results. This study shows the adverse effects on engine performance due to barometric pressure variation, turbo compressor out temperature variation due to increase in ambient temperature. The analysis also shows experimental results of engine performance variation based on hydrogen gas quality. Charge air quality reduces due to presence of nitrogen and moisture content in hydrogen gas and has direct impact on combustion. Engine Performance variation also observed due to engine components detoriation like valve seat wear & spark plug gap expansion. This study emphasizes the significance of precise instrumentation of thermocouples across engine on cylinder head, intake manifold & exhaust manifold, to detect performance
Vasudevan, Sindhuja, J, Narayana Reddy, Bolar, Yogesh Ganesh, Pandey, Sunil, N, Harish, N R, Varatharaj, Karthikeyan, K, Kumar D, Kishore
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