Browse Topic: Valve covers

Items (76)

Anisotropic structural modeling of fiber-reinforced polymers used in engine peripheral components

2023-36-0076

01/08/2024

The evolution of materials technology has provided in recent decades the replacement of the raw material of many parts made of metal by polymers, carbon fibers, ceramics, and composite materials. This process has been driven by the permanent need to reduce weight and costs, which, even after replacing raw materials, still demand permanent improvement and optimization in the sizing process and in the manufacturing process. In the automotive industry, many components have been replaced by fiber-reinforced polymers, from finishing parts to structural components that are highly mechanically stressed and often also subjected to high temperatures. Although they are lighter and have a lower final cost than conventional metallic parts, components made of fiber-reinforced polymers bring great technological challenges to the development project. Within this context, computational modeling is an indispensable ally for obtaining a product capable of meeting the severe conditions required for its

Bueno, Estela Mari Ricetti, Higa, Armando, Bazaneli, José Augusto

Experimental Valve Motion Measurement Study for Mid-Range Diesel Engine

2022-01-0629

03/29/2022

The valve train is one of the most important part of engine , and its function is fresh charge inlet and exhaust exit according to order of engine based on intake and exhaust valve [1].The compression relief brake mechanism is one of the integrated brake technologies in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) which not only reduces engine speed during downhill under overspeed condition by opening of one of the exhaust valves before the power stroke but also helpful to reduce brake pad wear by assisting in vehicle braking. The clearance between exhaust valve and piston during compression relief brake event is important aspect for overall valve train dynamic perspective. Valve motion study included this valve to piston clearance measurement in engine testing as mandate during product development phase. Looking at new products in future and to improve system level valve train dynamics in integrated brake design hardware, it is required to validate the design changes, a valve lift experimental

Mestry, Kapil, Mahajan, Pratik, Jagadale, Harshavardhini, Bhosale, Sandeep, Gundecha, Deepak, Saha, Siddheswar, Koner, Manas

Ignition System Measurements Procedure

J973_202011 (Current)

11/03/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice specifies the design and/or evaluation with the specific equipment, conditions, and methods for distributorless battery ignition systems intended for use in various internal combustion engines including automotive, marine, motorcycle, and utility engine applications. The test procedures listed in this document are limited to measurements performed on a test bench only and do not include measurements made directly on engines or vehicles. This standard is not intended to supply information for battery ignition systems used in aircraft applications of any type.

Ignition Standards Committee

SAE 17.6 Cubic Inch Spark Plug Rating Engine

J2203_201906 (Current)

06/11/2019

This SAE Standard defines the standard engine to be used in determining spark plug preignition ratings. The engine is known as the SAE 17.6 Cubic Inch Spark Plug Rating Engine.

Ignition Standards Committee

Blocked Force Determination on Thin Plate Structures Including Applications

2019-01-152506/05/2019

Transfer path analysis is commonly used to determine input forces indirectly utilizing measured responses and transfer functions. Though it is recommended that the source should be detached from the vibrating structure when measuring transfer functions, engineers and technicians frequently have a difficult time in doing so in practice. Recently, a substitute for inverse force determination via transfer path analysis has been suggested. The indirectly determined forces are termed blocked forces and are usable so long as the source and machine are not detached from one another. Blocked forces have the added advantage of being valid even if the machine structure is modified. In this research, a typical automotive engine cover is considered as a receiver structure and is bolted to a plastic source plate excited by an electromagnetic shaker. Blocked forces are determined at different locations, and the correctness of the calculated blocked forces is assessed by comparing the predicted and

Chen, Keyu, Herrin, David

International develops new, lighter A26 engine to replace N13

17TOFHP04_1004/01/2017

Any time a new engine is announced, it is major news. Pairing a new engine with a new approach to engine development is even bigger news. International Truck recently unveiled its all-new engine for the Class 8 market: the International A26. Along with that came news of an initiative called Project Alpha, which brought together a small team of powertrain engineers dedicated to a new perspective on engine development. “The A26 was designed from the ground up to deliver industry-leading uptime, durability and reliability,” said Darren Gosbee, vice president of advanced engineering. The 12.4-L A26 sources a MAN D26 inline 6-cylinder crankcase from their partnership with the Volkswagen Group and surrounds it with numerous all-new components to optimize four key criteria: uptime, fuel efficiency, weight and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness).

Borst, Matthew

Performance Evaluation - Combustion, Emissions and Vibrations-of n-Butanol Binary Mixture with ULSD in an Indirect Injection Engine

2017-01-0875

03/28/2017

This paper investigates the performance of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine fueled with Bu25, 75% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD#2) blended with 25% n-butanol by mass. N-butanol, derivable from biomass feedstock, was used given its availability as an alternative fuel that can supplement the existing limited fossil fuel supply. Combustion and emissions were investigated at 2000 rpm across loads of 4.3-7.2 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). Cylinder pressure was collected using Kistler piezoelectric transducers in the precombustion (PC) and main combustion (MC) chambers. Ignition delays ranged from 0.74 - 1.02 ms for both operated fuels. Even though n-butanol has a lower cetane number, the high swirl in the separate combustion chamber would help advance its premixed combustion. The heat release rate of Bu25 became initially 3 J/crank-angle-degree (CAD) higher than that of ULSD#2 as load increased to 7.2 bar IMEP. Cylinder pressure was 2.25 bar higher within the main

Soloiu, Valentin, Moncada, Jose, Muinos, Martin, Knowles, Aliyah, Gaubert, Remi, Beyerl, Thomas, Molina, Gustavo

Effects of Oil Formulation, Oil Separator, and Engine Speed and Load on the Particle Size, Chemistry, and Morphology of Diesel Crankcase Aerosols

2016-01-0897

04/05/2016

The recirculation of gases from the crankcase and valvetrain can potentially lead to the entrainment of lubricant in the form of aerosols or mists. As boost pressures increase, the blow-by flow through both the crankcase and the valve cover increases. The resulting lubricant can then become part of the intake charge, potentially leading to fouling of intake components such as the intercooler and the turbocharger. The entrained aerosol which can contain the lubricant and soot may or may not have the same composition as the bulk lubricant. The complex aerodynamic processes that lead to entrainment can strip out heavy components or volatilize light components. Similarly, the physical size and numbers of aerosol particles can be dependent upon the lubricant formulation and engine speed and load. For instance, high rpm and load may increase not only the flow of gases but the amount of lubricant aerosol. In this study, the number, size distribution, composition, and morphology of entrained

Uy, Dairene, Storey, John, Sluder, C. Scott, Barone, Teresa, Lewis, Sam, Jagner, Mark

Rapid Design and Development of Noise Radiating Engine Components

2014-01-1681

04/01/2014

This paper describes the rapid design and development of thin walled powertrain components which act as external cover for engine subsystem assemblies. Computer Aided Engineering plays a major role in reducing the overall product development lead time. An approach by using ‘Simulation Driven Design and Development’ helps the developers to bring the necessary confidence about the components' required functionality during the design stage itself. During the design stage, typical inputs available for the development of these components are the broad dimensions obtained from the packaging considerations. The designer is required to develop the concepts targeting least noise radiation from component surfaces due to various excitations. Based on cost considerations, the designer can even opt for plastic materials instead of steel. The current paper considers two major noise radiation members namely valve cover and timing gear cover for rapid product development. A conventional modal analysis

Shanmugam, Manivasagam, Kharatmal, Raghavendra, Satpute, Shirish

Ship Systems and Equipment - Selection of Hydraulic Directional Control Valves

J1783_201305 (Current)

05/31/2013

This SAE Recommended Practice provides the designer with guidance for the selection of directional control valves for use in the hydraulic systems of surface ships and submersibles. This guidance includes use of standard valves and interfaces, minimum envelopes that should be reserved to permit interchangeability, environmental considerations, and general technical requirements.

Ship Fluid Systems Committee

2012 bike tech takes new twists

12AEID0501_0105/01/2012

American upstart Motus readies a radical V4 sport-tourer, Ducati unleashes its most advanced V-twin, and electronic controls continue to migrate into the bike industry. “This has been a monumental undertaking,” noted Brian Case, Vice President of Design for Motus Motorcycles, a new U.S.-based start-up that is preparing to produce its first bike later this year as a 2013 model. Recent history doesn't exactly favor emergent U.S. motorcycle OEMs, but Case and Motus President Lee Conn believe their product will beat the odds. The Motus MST and MST-R are premium sport-touring machines more akin to European bikes than to cruisers in the Harley-Davidson mode. They're powered by an all-new 1650-cm3 V4 that is fundamentally half of a General Motors LS-7 V8-two overhead valves per cylinder actuated by pushrods, hydraulic lifters, and a single camshaft in the linerless aluminum block. The nickel-silicon-carbide coated bores are set on 4.27-in (108-mm) centers.

Brooke, Lindsay

Noise Benchmarking of the Detroit Diesel DD15 Engine

2011-01-1566

05/17/2011

Several new or significantly upgraded heavy duty truck engines are being introduced in the North American market. One important aspect of these new or revised engines is their noise characteristics. This paper describes the noise related characteristics of the new DD15 engine, and compares them to other competitive heavy truck engines. DD15 engine features relevant to noise include a rear gear train, isolated oil pan and valve cover, and an amplified high pressure common rail fuel system. The transition between non-amplified and amplified common rail operation is shown to have a significant noise impact, not unlike the transition between pilot injection and single shot injection in some other engines.

Reinhart, Thomas, Smolik, Mitchel

Valve Cover's Numerical Vibro-Acoustic Analysis And Experimetal Correlation

2010-01-1416

06/09/2010

This work describes a numerical vibro-acoustic analysis of a gasoline engine's cylinder head of recent development. The analysis was divided in two main steps: definition and correlation of the numerical model by mean of comparison with tests data, and development of a methodology to identify the potentially critical modes for the NVH performance without knowing the real operational boundaries of the sub-system. The vibrational analysis has focused on the definition of a finite element model for reproducing the behaviour of the component, experimentally obtained by accelerometers placed on the top of the cover. The subsequent acoustic analysis has been executed through a boundary element model. The comparison between numerical results and experimental data was very good. Once the models have been validated and vibration and acoustic transmissibility indexes have been defined, system's critical modes have been identified, disregarding the real forces that arise during engine working

Armentani, Enrico, De Stefanis, D., Esposito, R., Martorelli, M., Parente, A.

Shedding pounds on a magnesium diet

10AEID0406_0404/06/2010

Tough CAFE standards are pushing automakers to consider using more lightweight magnesium rather than aluminum, steel, or plastics. For lightweight car structures, magnesium has always been “the other white metal.” Magnesium is often an afterthought for many North American platform engineers, traditionally an alternative that is perhaps considered late in the game to solve problems with ferrous structures that aluminum might not cure. And even aluminum has become a tougher sell with the arrival of modern high-strength boron and dual-phase steels. But mounting pressure to cut vehicle weight to meet stringent federal CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standards for 2016 has magnesium firmly back on the engineers' table. With the tough federal mandates looming, even the conservative tastes of platform engineers can now be tempted by the potential 40% weight savings that magnesium can offer over steel (20 to 25% over aluminum, which is one-third heavier than magnesium).

Ashley, Steven

For operators, a more quiet day at the office

10OFHD0128_0101/28/2010

New materials that reduce weight and new strategies that control vibration are finding their way into heavy equipment. The result is a bit more agility and efficiency. Following a path well-worn by their counterparts in aerospace and automotive design, off-highway engineers seem to be readying themselves to replace metal with thermoplastics. A primary reason is to reduce weight, and a key secondary reason is for controlling noise and vibration. With more than a half century of application in aerospace (and nearly as many years in automotive), reinforced and rigid engineering plastics have produced a track record for reducing weight and cost. During the same span, foams and elastomeric polymers have found widespread application in absorbing vibration and noise. (For basic types and applications, see SOHE June/July 2009, p. 32, “Plastics expand their range.”)

Gayman, David

OPTIMIZATION OF THE WALL THICKNESS OF A PLASTIC VALVE COVER

2009-36-007010/06/2009

Recent advances in hardware and software have allowed to development teams to use their time not only solving common CAE analyses but also thinking about the development of CAE optimization environments. Optimization comes like a tool capable to drive design parameters towards regions where selected characteristics of the project can be further improved. This work presents one case that serves to illustrate the application of a optimization technique well known as multi-objective optimization. In the example a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm is used to define the thicknesses of several regions over a valve cover looking not only for lower flexibility but also to lower mass. In this case, the commercial code PERMAS was used to verify the structural behavior of the valve cover, as well as to calculate its mass. Design variables were restricted to geometry parameters - cover thickness - while optimization objectives comprised reduction of mass besides of maximization of the cover

Trindade, Wagner Roberto da Silva

Engineering Plastics and Plastic Composites in Automotive Applications

T-12204/03/2009

Before the 1970s, plastics were considered primarily as non-engineering materials and were used in applications such as belts, hoses, gaskets, carpet backing, sealing, adhesives, tires, and so forth as a part of an engineering solution. More recently, plastics have replaced traditional materials and emerged as a significant "engineering application" within the automotive industry. Plastics have proven to be cost effective while providing automakers with the design freedom to accommodate safety, styling, and comfort. Engineering Plastics and Plastic Composites In Automotive Applications focuses on some of the various types of plastics and plastic composites and their applications and advantages within passenger vehicles.

Sehanobish, Kalyan

Chipping away at drivetrain challenges

OFHFEB09_0202/01/2009

Chips, sensors, controllers, software all combine to help engineers improve efficiency. Drivetrains are undergoing a significant change as electronic controls manage more operations, helping equipment makers improve operating efficiency. As engineers increase precision with control modules, they are adding more sensors and adopting microcontrollers that have higher speeds and more memory. Many of these changes are being driven by the push to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. But the conversion to electronic controls stretches much further, impacting oil pumps and software while forcing drivetrain engineers to extend their definition of noise to include electromagnetic interference.

Costlow, Terry

The Development of High Efficiency Crankcase Ventilation and Oil Mist Separator for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Application

2008-01-268710/07/2008

Both current exhaust emission legislations and continuously growing customer demand of less oil consumption drive the diesel engine manufacturers to develop more efficient crankcase ventilation and oil mist separation systems. In recent years, integrated design concepts are also considered for almost all sub-systems to achieve compact solutions fulfilling the tightened packaging requirements and more challenging cost targets. This paper presents crankcase ventilation and oil mist separator unit of new generation Ford Otosan Ecotorq Heavy Duty Diesel engines and all work to reach its final configuration, the three-layer filter element with an integrated impactor design. The unit has a compact design as it is integrated to engine valve cover. Challenges brought by the packaging boundary conditions in draining the collected oil by high efficient media are overcome through the extensive experimental development work, which includes tests on special rigs, engines run on dynamometers and

Gokten, Murat, Kurnaz, Goktan, Ergen, Omer Rustu, Copley, Daniel

Aerospace-Hydraulic Switching Valve, Pressure or Pilot Operated

ARP4741 (Current)

02/07/2008

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the requirements for the design, manufacture, and qualification of four hydraulic switching valves used in airborne applications. Two are pressure operated, Type IA and IB and two are solenoid/pilot operated, Type IIA and IIB. They are applicable to four pressure classes 3000, 4000, 5000 and 8000 psi. The equipment as designed is intended to be installed in hydraulic systems designed to AS5440 for military applications or ARP4752 and ARP4925 depending on the type of aircraft for commercial applications. Additional or refined requirements shall be contained in the detail (procurement) specification and these shall take precedence over any potentially conflicting requirements of this ARP or documents referenced by this ARP.

A-6C5 Components Committee

Effects of Seal Viscoelastic Properties on Engine Exterior Cover Noise and Vibration

2007-01-228505/15/2007

Engine exterior cover seals are typically made of elastomeric materials and used to seal the interfaces. The design of engine/transmission seals has been traditionally considered from the sealibility aspects. Recently, there have been additional demands that these seals be designed to reduce the vibration transmitted from engine/transmission and to attenuate the radiated noise. To accomplish this goal, the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of the seals will have to be considered. This article examines the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of some common elastomeric seals. The impacts of these materials on an engine valve cover noise and vibration are particularly investigated. Some design strategies are also discussed to optimize the viscoelastic effects of the elastomeric seals.

Lu, Y. Charles

Valve, Pressure Equalizing, Gaseous Products

AS27166 (Current)

11/14/2006

This specification covers low pressure equalizing, gaseous product valves for use in shipping containers.

AGE-4 Packaging, Handling and Transportability Committee

Materials for Noise and Vibration Control: What Causes Product Variability?

2006-01-322610/08/2006

Many methods for damping -- attenuating - unwanted noises and vibrations found in vehicles, engineering components, and electronic systems are available. A special type of damping material involves polymer-based coatings whose compositions may be “tuned” to attenuate vibration that may occur over specific temperature ranges. These coatings exhibit both elastic flow and viscous flow, depending on their temperature, and are commonly referred to as viscoelastic materials. Today, viscoelastic materials are used to fabricate many types of engineering components for automotive applications, including engine oil pans, valve covers, dash panels, and shims or insulators for brake noise damping. No matter their application, expected performance for viscoelastic damping materials is based on two factors: (1) the quality of coating-to-substrate interfaces; (2) the quality of the viscoelastic coating itself. Thus, performance is a complex function of the individual materials and processes used in

Dickinson, Richard C

CAE approach for Plastic Valve Cover System- Part 2

2006-01-082704/03/2006

The Plastic Valve Cover System (PVCS) should provides a leak proof seal to the cylinder head under engine temperature, isolate the vibrations transmitted from the engine through the cover to the environment, control the crankcase pressure and house the device to separate oil from the blow-by gas. In order to increase the stiffness of PVCS, short glass fibers and minerals are added during the injection molding of the plastic valve cover. The presence of the fibers results in a component with highly anisotropic thermo-mechanical properties that was not accounted in the previously approach [1]. This paper describes the updated CAE approach with the incorporation of the short fiber anisotropy into the design of cylinder head valve covers.

Pereira, Dimitrius C., Schnurrenberger, Joachim, Lu, Y. Charles, Bastías, Pedro, Anderson, Mike, Nation, Keith

Effect of Injector Nozzle Finish on Performance and Emissions in a HSDI, Light-duty, Diesel Engine

2006-01-020004/03/2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of injector nozzle hole size, shape, and finish on performance and emissions in a light-duty diesel engine. Two sets of six-hole valve covered orifice (VCO) nozzles were tested with nearly identical volumetric flow rates but varying geometry and finish. The 17% hydro-erosion (HE) nozzles had a 22% larger discharge coefficient (CD), compared to the 7% HE nozzles. In order to maintain similar volumetric flow rates, the orifice diameter of the 17% HE nozzles were reduced by almost 10%.The nozzles were tested in a 1.7L, four-cylinder, common rail diesel engine, operating on conventional D2 diesel fuel. The 17% HE, conical-shaped nozzles reduced fuel specific particulate matter (PM) and increased fuel specific oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, over the 7% HE, straight-shaped nozzle. In-cylinder visualization showed a consistent trend toward reduced late-cycle soot concentration with the 17% HE nozzles which trended with engine-out soot

Miers, Scott A., Ciatti, Stephen A.

2006 Engine Special Report

AUTOJAN06_0201/01/2006

Our annual review of the most significant internal-combustion engines of the year ranges from a novel forced-induction four cylinder designed for displacement downsizing to a V10 powerhouse focusing on high output, with three V6s in between. The 2GR-FSE is the latest and most powerful member of Toyota's GR-series light-alloy, quad-camshaft, four-valves-per-cylinder, 60-degree bank angle V6 family, and encompasses the company's leading-edge direct-injection gasoline engine technology. The 2GR-FSE is uniquely significant for Toyota and its newly formed (for Japan) Lexus Division, says Project General Manager Shizuo Abe of Engine Design Dept. 1, Engine Engineering Division 1. It propels the new Lexus GS and IS sedans, two of the three launch vehicles of the premier brand in Japan, as well the IS350 for the world market and the soon-to-be-launched GS450h gasoline-electric hybrid.

Finite Element Analysis for a Plastic Valve Cover System with anisotropic thermo-mechanical properties

2005-01-401911/22/2005

In order to increase the stiffness of cylinder head plastic valve cover system (PVCS), short glass fibers and minerals are added during the injection molding of the plastic valve cover. The fibers orient themselves according to the local characteristics of the flow and the geometry of the part. The presence of the fibers results in a component with highly anisotropic thermo-mechanical properties. Traditional finite element analysis methods do not account for this, very important, phenomenon. The present manuscript describes work conducted at Dana Corp. aimed at incorporating short fiber anisotropy into the design of cylinder head valve covers.

Pereira, Dimitrius Caloghero, Bastías, Pedro, Anderson, Mike, Schnurrenberger, Joachim, Felippe, Bruno

A Study of the In-Nozzle Flow Characteristic of Valve Covered Orifice Nozzles for Gasoline Direct Injection

2005-01-368410/24/2005

For spark ignition engines, the most effective way to reduce the overall fuel consumption and CO2 emissions respectively is the implementation of gasoline direct injection technology. In comparison to the current wall and air guided systems, the direct injection system of the second generation - the spray guided DI- is the most promising one with respect to fuel economy and emission. In order to exploit its full potential, a thorough combustion process development regarding injector and spark plug design and their positioning within the combustion chamber is essential. Especially multihole injectors offer many degrees of freedom with regard to the nozzle shape and spray pattern. To reduce the development work and costs necessary to identify the ideal nozzle characteristic and spray pattern, reliable CFD models are necessary. Although many investigations of the in-nozzle flow of real size multihole injectors for diesel applications have been carried out within the last decade

Gilles-Birth, Isabell, Bernhardt, Sören, Spicher, Ulrich, Rechs, Manfred

Sound Radiation of Engine Covers With Acoustic Infinite Element Method

2005-01-244905/16/2005

The engine valve cover is known to be major contributor to powertrain noise due to its large surface area and relatively small thickness. Thus, the acoustic analysis of the valve cover has become one of the key steps in the design process. The present paper describes an acoustic infinite element approach to model the sound radiation of the valve cover. The valve cover bolted to the engine block behaves like a vibrating membrane in an acoustic medium of infinite extent. Typically, the effect of the infinite medium is modeled using either the boundary element method (BEM), or by specifying an equivalent boundary impedance on the terminating surface of an acoustic finite element mesh (NRBC). In this paper, a third method is introduced, wherein the boundary impedances are replaced by acoustic infinite elements. The methodology is presented using two different models. In the first model, a cover with a geometrically simple shape is analyzed. Due to the simplicity of the shape, the acoustic

Lu, Y. Charles, D'Souza, Karl, Chin, Charlie

Validation of Diesel Fuel Spray and Mixture Formation from Nozzle Internal Flow Calculation

2005-01-209805/11/2005

A series calculation methodology from the injector nozzle internal flow to the in-cylinder fuel spray and mixture formation in a diesel engine was developed. The present method was applied to a valve covered orifice (VCO) nozzle with the recent common rail injector system. The nozzle internal flow calculation using an Eulerian three-fluid model and a cavitation model was performed. The needle valve movement during the injection period was taken into account in this calculation. Inside the nozzle hole, cavitation appears at the nozzle hole inlet edge, and the cavitation region separates into two regions due to a secondary flow in the cross section, and it is distributed to the nozzle exit. Unsteady change of the secondary flow caused by needle movement affects the cavitation distribution in the nozzle hole, and the spread angle of the velocity vector at the nozzle exit. The transient data of spatial distributions of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation rate, void fraction

Masuda, Ryo, Fuyuto, Takayuki, Nagaoka, Makoto, von Berg, Eberhard, Tatschl, Reinhard

Prediction of Distortion and Residual Stresses in a Magnesium High Pressure Diecasting with Considerations to the Diecasting Process

2005-01-033104/11/2005

Magnesium cold chamber diecastings are steadily making inroads into the automotive industry. Parts that are routinely diecast include instrument panels, valve covers, steering columns, transmission case covers, seat pans, and door frames to name a few. In a bid to take full advantage of weight savings, the majority of the parts are optimized during the design process. This means wall thickness are reduced, and ribs are used to reinforce the part for stiffness. As a part of the design and optimization process, generic load analysis is carried out on the part without taking into account the residual stress developed during the casting process. The iterative process is continued until the design responsible engineer is satisfied with the outcome of the analysis. However, during the diecasting process, variations in the thermal patterns are obtained in the die mainly due to section thickness changes of the part, placement of cooling lines and spray patterns. On ejection from the die, the

Sequeira, Winston, Sikorski, Steve, Andersen, Soren, Barnes, Charles

The Development of a Plastic Valve Cover System using Finite Element Analysis

2004-01-326611/16/2004

This paper presents the development of a Plastic Valve Cover System (PVCS) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This approach results in a shorter development period and reduced costs. The numerical methodology is divided into two steps. First, a two-dimensional analysis is of the rubber components (gasket, grommet) determines the load-deflection response and the system equilibrium for the complete range of component tolerances. These curves are utilized in a second step. Applied to a three-dimensional model of the cover, the analysis determines the valve cover optimal design. The paper describes other relevant issues related to PVCS's such as: a) influence of strain damage on elastomeric response. b) element type, size and order selection for optimum modeling. Comparisons with experimental results are presented and the appropriate conclusions are drawn.

Pereira, Dimitrius Caloghero, Anderson, Michael, Bastias, Pedro C., Schnurrenberger, Joachim, Campos, Roseane

Grand ride for Grand Cherokee

AUTONOV04_04

11/01/2004

Jeep engineers give the 2005 model more on-road comfort, with all the off-road capability. The 2005 Jeep Grand Cherokee follows closely in the tracks of the 1992 Grand Cherokee in its mission to marry off-road competence with smooth, stable highway ride and handling. The original Range Rover was the first to try to combine these often-contradictory traits, but it was Jeep that addressed this challenge for mainstream customers. The company's latest effort is its best yet, with independent front suspension installed to provide the ride and handling suburban customers demand, but configured to preserve Jeep's trademark off-road prowess. “Just as when it first debuted on the market, the 2005 Jeep Grand Cherokee sets the benchmark for off-road capability and continues to do so for on-road refinement,” said Jeff Bell, Vice President, Jeep.

Carney, Dan

Influence of Nozzle Seat Type on Internal Flow of Convergent Nozzles

2004-01-201006/08/2004

A study of the internal flow in the most used nozzle types in Diesel engines (microSAC and valve covered orifice VCO) was carried out in order to compare injection characteristics and understand the differences between them. To determine these differences, several experimental installations will be used, such as the injection rate test rig, steady flow test rig and spray momentum test rig, to obtain a full hydrodynamic characterization. With the help of the silicone methodology and a microscope, it is possible to determine the needle tip geometry (seat). As the geometrical characterization of the components in both nozzles was known, it was possible to carry out a CFD analysis at several needle lifts and thus observe the behavior of the internal flow in the nozzle seats and be able to compare both nozzles

Payri, R., Gil, A., Plazas, A.H., Giménez, B.

global vehicles Highlights from New York

AUTOJUN04_01

06/01/2004

The 2004 New York International Auto Show saw the most world debuts in the event's history, with strong themes in new midsize luxury cars and midsize SUVs. The new Acura RL, Cadillac STS, and Infiniti M45 debuted carrying an array of new technologies. Real-time traffic information for the navigation systems is supplied by XM Satellite Radio for the Acura and Cadillac, and the Cadillac and Infiniti both carry a new Bose DVD-audio 5.1 channel surround-sound system. Acura Prototype RL-As expected, Acura debuted its next-generation RL prototype with V6 power under the hood. The company remains determined to prove that it can supply high-end luxury and exotic cars without eight pistons.

Carney, Dan