Browse Topic: Engine control systems

Items (774)
The Dosing Control Unit (DCU) is a vital component of modern emission control systems, particularly in diesel engines employing Selective Catalytic Reduction technology (SCR). Its primary function is to accurately control the injection of urea or Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) into the exhaust stream to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions. This paper presents the architecture, operation, diagnostic features, and innovation of a newly developed DCU system. The Engine Control Unit, using real-time data from sensors monitoring parameters such as exhaust temperature, NOₓ levels, and engine load, calculates the required DEF dosage. Based on DEF dosing request, the DCU activates the AdBlue pump and air valve to deliver the precise quantity of diesel exhaust fluid needed under varying engine conditions. The proposed system adopts a master-slave configuration, with the ECU as the master and the DCU as the slave. The controller design emphasizes cost-effectiveness and simplified hardware, and
Raju, ManikandanK, SabareeswaranK K, Uthira Ramya BalaKrishnakumar, PalanichamyArumugam, ArunkumarYS, Ananthkumar
This paper presents an analysis and comparison of distinct approaches for data-driven combustion parameter estimation for Diesel engines. Thereby, characteristic quantities are modelled by a set of selected regression models and via a convolutional neural network (CNN). While the former use settings from the Engine Control Unit (ECU) as input, the latter works by processing the raw crankshaft vibration signal. The central point of this study is a broad evaluation of data-driven modelling for Diesel combustion. This includes whether using a signal recorded from individual combustion cycles achieves better representation of the target values than using operational parameters from the ECU which cannot reflect unforeseeable, stochastic phenomena within the combustion chamber. This was evaluated by assessing predictions of six combustion characteristics: the crank angle of 10, 50 and 90 percent mass fraction burned, Peak-Firing-Pressure, Combustion Duration, and Ignition Delay. In two
Ofner, Andreas BenjaminSjoblom, JonasGeiger, BernhardHaghir Chehreghani, Morteza
In the next years, the global hydrogen vehicle market is expected to grow at a very high rate. Consequently, it is necessary for scholars and professionals to study and test specific components in order to rise motor efficiency leveraging the new features of connectivity available in smart roads. In particular, our research is focused on the developement of an engine control module driven by evaluation of usage characteristics (e.g., driving style) and "connected-to-x" scenarios using the standard engine control approach. Moreover, the module proposed enables the implementation of "fast running" models to improve the response of vehicles and make the best possible use of H2-powered engine characteristics. That said, in this paper is proposed a new approach to implement the control module, using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the machine learning algorithm to detect driving style, and consequently modify the parameters of the engine. We choose SVM because i) it is less prone to
Mastroianni, MicheleMerola, SimonaIrimescu, AdrianDe Santis, MarcoEsposito, ChristianAversano, Lerina
Water injection in diesel engines is a well-known method of lowering combustion temperatures and thus reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. In this study, the influence of water injection in hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) operation on NOx formation, particulate emissions and ignition delay is analyzed in comparison to diesel operation on a John Deere JD4045 tractor engine. Both the fuel (HVO) and the water injection system were designed as ‘drop-in’ solutions that enable rapid implementation to reduce emissions, even in existing vehicle fleets. The standard engine control unit of the JD4045 engine was therefore used for the tests. A single water nozzle was installed downstream the charge air cooler to integrate a water injection system. The three operating points of interest were: (1) low speed and high load without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), (2) high EGR rates at low speed and medium load and (3) the engine's ‘sweet spot’ regarding the emission-tradeoff at high speed and
Fuhrmeister, JonasMayer, SebastianGünthner, Michael
To mitigate greenhouse emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxides (CO2), oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter reduction Government of India implemented Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) norms from year 2020. Moving to more stringent emission norms poses challenges for automakers in several ways such as meeting exhaust emissions, on board diagnostic, drivers’ inducement, and particulate filter monitoring on vehicle. It is imperative to upgrade engine management system for on-board diagnostics (OBD) that refers to a vehicles self-diagnostic and reporting ability. On board diagnostics systems enables owner of vehicle to gain access of the various vehicle sub-systems. OBD-II standards were made more rigid, requiring the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) to be activated if emission-related components fail. Also, vehicle emissions carbon monoxide (CO), oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter not to exceed OBD thresholds. Consequently, the use of specific oxide of nitrogen
Jagtap, PranjalSyed, KaleemuddinChaudhari, SandipKhairnar, GirishBhoite, VikramReddy, Kameswar
The Formula SAE competitions often drive changes in the automotive research field by developing, implementing and emphasizing new technologies for both on-road and on-track applications and by training future engineers, mechanics, logistics and administrative personnel. In this work, the adaptation of a motorcycle, single-cylinder engine for the installation in an electric hybrid car for Formula SAE races is described, focusing on the design of intake and exhaust parts and on the development of the fully open-access Engine Control Unit (ECU) code. In the first part of the work, the 1-D model of the engine is developed and used to design the intake and the exhaust parts needed to make the Formula Student car rules compliant. In particular, the intake manifold and the intake ducts have been designed with the assistance of the engine model to optimize the engine response under transient conditions and to maximize the power. On the other hand, the exhaust line was designed to increase the
Brusa, AlessandroFabbri, PietroShethia, FenilBassani, DavidePetrone, BorisCavina, Nicolo
Automotive manufacturers are constantly striving to enhance the performance and comfort of vehicles, particularly in terms of acceleration and driving experience which is a perceived behavior. The gear shift procedure plays a significant role in this aspect. Frequent actuation of clutch and throttle for gear shift in a manual gear shift transmission is one of the causes for human fatigue while driving, especially in 2-wheelers. The speed reduction during gear shift also leads to lower acceleration timing. With advancements in technology and a growing emphasis on comfortable driving experiences, clutch-less gear shift in a geared vehicle is one of the most sought-after features. Automatic transmissions are often expensive and increases system complexity, making them less accessible in particular for 2-wheeler market. Therefore, there is a need for developing a cost-effective and affordable solution to address this problem statement. The current work presents a simplified software-based
Jois, Dinkar
Accurate exhaust mass flow measurement is critical for Real Driving Emission (RDE) testing; however, it is particularly challenging for motorcycles due to variations in chemical composition, strong pulsations and even reverse flow effects at low engine speeds. Traditional differential pressure-based flow meters often struggle under these conditions, particularly in low-speed and low-load operation. This study evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of an Annubar-based exhaust flow meter (EFM) designed to address these challenges by means of assessing eight motorcycles with single-, two-, and four-cylinder engine configurations. The EFM performance is evaluated via correlation analysis with laboratory-grade reference instruments and engine control unit (ECU) data. Additionally, systematic effects such as pulsation behavior, spectrogram analysis, and the influence of engine load and speed are investigated. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between EFM and reference measurements
Schurl, SebastianHafenmayer, ChristianLankau, MathiasBrenn, GünterSchmidt, StephanKirchberger, Roland
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance for substantiating the airworthiness of aircraft engine components. Generally, these components are associated with the engine control system, the system or systems that allow the engine to provide thrust or power as demanded by the pilot of the aircraft while also ensuring the engine operates within acceptable operating limits. But these components may also include hardware and systems associated with engine lubrication, engine or aircraft hydraulic or electrical systems, aircraft environmental control systems, thrust reverser control, or similar aircraft or engine propulsion system functions. This paper develops the concept of using a standardized 26-item checklist of environmental conditions for evaluating aircraft engine component airworthiness. This approach is compatible with current practices used in the industry and has been accepted by engine certification authorities in conjunction with other guidance as
E-36 Electronic Engine Controls Committee
As the automotive industry explores alternative powertrain options to curb emissions, it is pertinent to refine existing technologies to improve efficiency. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system is one of the pivotal components in emission control strategies for Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). The EGR cooler is crucial in thermal management strategies, as it lowers the temperature of recirculated exhaust gases before feeding it along with fresh air, thereby reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Precise estimation of the EGR cooler outlet temperature is crucial for effective emission control. However, conventional Engine Control Unit (ECU) models fall short, as they often show discrepancies when compared to real-world test data. These models rely on empirical relationships that struggle to capture precisely the transient effect, and real time variation in operating conditions. To address these limitations and improve the accuracy of ECU based model, various signal processing
Kumar, AmitKumar, RamanManojdharan, ArjungopalChalla, KrishnaKramer, Markus
Compressor durability is a critical factor for ensuring the long-term reliability of Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) systems in passenger vehicles. This study presents a software based strategy for enhancing compressor life using Smart Fully Automatic Temperature Control (FATC), requiring no additional hardware. The proposed approach leverages existing inputs from the FATC and Engine Management System (EMS) to intelligently manage compressor operation, with a focus on addressing challenges related to prolonged non-usage. In extended inactivity scenarios such as during cold weather, vehicle exportation, storage, or breakdowns, lubrication oil tends to settle in the compressor sump, leaving internal parts dry. Sudden reactivation at high engine speeds under such conditions can cause increased friction, wear and even compressor seizure. To mitigate this, an intelligent reactivation protocol has been developed and integrated into the Climate Control Module (CCM). This protocol continuously
Deshmukh, GaneshChotaliya, BhavyKulkarni, ShridharKHAIRE, DATTATRAYJaybhay, SambhajiJoshi, GauravShah, Geet
In order to mitigate the effects of climate change, the global transport sector, one of the largest emitters of CO2, needs to drastically reduce its emissions. Although hybridization and electrification are becoming increasingly popular as a solution for a variety of applications, their use in two- and three-wheelers, as well as in recreational and powersports vehicles, remains limited due to their high costs and complexity compared to conventional drivetrains with continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Despite their affordability and simplicity, CVTs suffer from low mechanical efficiency, with transmission losses ranging from 20–50 %, highlighting a significant opportunity for improvement. In response to these limitations, this study presents the development and experimental evaluation of an electrified planetary gear set (ePGS) in a lightweight off-road vehicle. It is designed to overcome the efficiency limitations of CVTs while maintaining high driving comfort and low system
Jakoby, MoritzEngels, MichaelFahrbach, TimmAndert, Jakob
This document recommends standard gland dimensions for static radial O-ring seal applications specifically for engine and engine control systems and provides recommendations for modifying these glands in special applications.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
This study aims to develop an engine torque prediction model using virtual engine simulation data. Accurate torque prediction is essential for minimizing shift shock and ensuring consistent driving performance, particularly in hybrid vehicles where smooth transitions between electric motors and internal combustion engines are necessary. The Engine Control Unit (ECU) uses a physics-based torque prediction model, requiring ignition timing swing data for precise calibration. The virtual engine model, based on 1D gas dynamics, was calibrated using real engine data obtained from a small number of main operating points. The simulation data obtained from the virtual engine model showed a good correlation with the experimental data. By combining large-scale simulation data with limited experimental data, we effectively calibrated the torque prediction model in ECU and confirmed that the calibration results met the development goals. This study demonstrates the potential for efficient engine
Hur, DonghanPaeng, JeonghwanKim, KyusupChang, JinseokPark, Jongil
High Pressure Sensors (HPS) are essential for internal combustion engines and hybrid engine systems. High pressure sensor measures the pressure in the Delivery fuel rail Pipe Module (DPM) to allow the Engine Control Unit (ECU) to control the high pressure pump to generate the required fuel pressure. Most high pressure sensors measure the displacement of the metal-diaphragm according to pressure, and are mainly composed of Half-bridge type Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) elements of the piezo-resistive method. This time, we would like to introduce a high pressure sensor that uses a Full-bridge type MEMS structure. This is cheaper than the existing one and can provide higher performance with reliability. However, there are disadvantages of the full-bridge type applied to high pressure sensors. Unlike the Half-bridge method that measures displacement over a wide area, it measures displacement over a narrow area, so it has the disadvantage of weak to external noise due to increased
Lim, SeungGuLee, DongYoungKim, JungTaekShin, MoonSung
Hybrid vehicles are driven by the vehicle controller, engine controller and motor controller through torque control, and there may be unexpected acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle beyond the driver's expectation due to systematic failure and random hardware failure. Based on the torque control strategy of hybrid vehicles, the safety monitoring model design of torque control is carried out according to the ISO 26262 safety analysis method. Through the establishment of safety goals and the analysis of safety concepts, this paper conducts designs including the driver allowable torque design for safety monitoring, the driver torque prediction design for safety monitoring, the rationality judgment design of driver torque for safety monitoring, the functional safety degradation design, and the engine start-stop status monitoring, enabling the system to transition to a safe state when errors occur. Firstly, the design of the driver's allowable torque includes the allowable requested
Jing, JunchaoWang, RuiguangLiu, YiqiangHuang, WeishanDai, Zhengxing
A hierarchical control architecture is commonly employed in hybrid torque control, where the supervisor CPU oversees system-level objectives, while the slave CPU manages lower-level control tasks. Frequently, control authority must be transferred between the two to achieve optimal coordination and synchronization. When a closed-loop component is utilized, accurately determining its actual contribution to the controlled system can be challenging. This is because closed-loop components are often designed to compensate for unknown dynamics, component variations, and actuation uncertainties. This paper presents a novel approach to closed-loop component factor transfer and coordination between two CPUs operating at different hierarchical levels within a complex system. The proposed framework enables seamless control authority transition between the supervisor and slave CPUs, ensuring optimal system performance and robustness. To mitigate disturbances and uncertainties during the transition
Rostiti, CristianBanuso, AbdulquadriKarogal, Indrasen
Fuel cells offer several advantages, including extended range, rapid refueling, and clean and efficient, making them well-suited for long-distance transportation in commercial vehicles. A multi-objective real-time optimization energy management strategy is proposed based on the comprehensive consideration of the equivalent hydrogen consumption and energy source lifetime. Power distribution among the energy sources is achieved by minimizing the vehicle's instantaneous comprehensive operational cost. Two coefficients are employed to restrict the fuel cell's start-stop frequency and load variation range. Additionally, two control coefficients are introduced in the objective function to regulate the battery's state of charge. The analysis shows that multi-objective real-time optimization energy management strategy is 10% and 14% less economical than conventional rule-based energy management strategy in both operating conditions and 5% and 7.8% higher than dynamic programming. However, the
You, JianhuiGu, ZhuangzhuangWu, JinglaiZhang, Yunqing
The purpose of the paper is to study the impact of dither on how to improve the pressure control capability in common rail system. The dither is directly operating to the inlet metering valve and making the metering flow accuracy. The correlation between rail pressure and metering flow was analyzed. Optimizing the inlet metering valve control is to improve the pressure control. To overcome the hysteresis problem of the inlet metering valve and improve its stability and rapidity on the pressure control. The PID control strategy based on the pressure control were applied in the common rail system and many papers have introduced the logical. But the dither application was seldom introduced in the common rail system. The dither was specified for the inlet metering valve. With the proper dither signal, the stick-slip motion of the metering valve spool converted to a steady one and the dynamic performance was optimized. To verify the theoretical and calibrated the proper dither signal, the
Kuang, PengdaChen, HuiqingZhang, JingRan, Ye
Flash boiling spray has exhibited remarkable atomization performance by utilizing the sudden alterations in the thermodynamic state of the fluid during injection. The notable evaporation properties of flash boiling spray provide potential remedies for the problem of fuel film adhesion resulting from spray-wall impingement, especially during cold starts in reciprocating engines. Multi-hole injectors, which are often employed, frequently experience spray collapse under flash boiling conditions. The collapsing spray impinging a wall involves a complex multi-phase coupling mechanism. Once the spray impinges the wall, the heat and mass transfer between the wall and the adhering liquid film complicates the predictability of the fuel film characteristics. The quantitative evaluation of fuel film is crucial for studies on wall impingement. Nonetheless, the quantitative measurement of phase change fuel films necessitates addressing multiple problems, including evaporation and vapor phase
Qiu, ShuyiWang, ShangningLi, XuesongXu, MinNour, Mohamed
Hydrogen, as a clean fuel, holds the potential to become a solution for transitioning traditional internal combustion engines. Under steady-state conditions, turbocharged hydrogen internal combustion engines can achieve zero carbon emissions through lean combustion. However, under transient conditions with rapid load changes, the transient performance and emissions of hydrogen engines pose significant challenges. In this paper, transient performance tests were conducted on a 4-cylinder turbocharged port-fuel injection hydrogen internal combustion engine, including constant speed load testing(800rpm-2000rpm) and the World Harmonized Transient Cycle test(WHTC). The transient response performance and emissions of the hydrogen engine were evaluated, and the test results were analyzed accordingly.
Wei, JianyuLuo, QingheTang, Hongyang
The calibration of Engine Control Units (ECUs) for road vehicles is challenged by stringent legal and environmental regulations, coupled with short development cycles. The growing number of vehicle variants, although sharing similar engines and control algorithms, requires different calibrations. Additionally, modern engines feature increasingly number of adjustment variables, along with complex parallel and nested conditions within the software, demanding a significant amount of measurement data during development. The current state-of-the-art (White Box) model-based ECU calibration proves effective but involves considerable effort for model construction and validation. This is often hindered by limited function documentation, available measurements, and hardware representation capabilities. This article introduces a model-based calibration approach using Neural Networks (Black Box) for two distinct ECU functional structures with minimal software documentation. The ECU is operated on
Meli, MatteoWang, ZezhouBailly, PeterPischinger, Stefan
The Single Cylinder Research Engine (SCRE) at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems is equipped with a variable valve train that allows to switch between regular intake valve lift and early intake valve closing (Miller). On the exhaust side, a secondary exhaust valve lift (SEVL) on each valve is possible with adjustable back pressure and thus the possibility of realizing internal EGR. In combination with alternative fuels, even if they are Drop-In capable as HVO, properties differ and can influence the emission and efficiency behavior. The investigations of this paper are focusing on regenerative Drop-In fuel (HVO), fossil fuel (B7), and an oxygenate (OME), that needs adaptions at the engine control unit, but offers further emission potential. By commissioning a 2-stage boost system, it is possible to fully equalize the air mass in Miller mode compared to the normal valve lift. This enables a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the fuels under
Knost, FriedemarBeidl, Christian
The concern with global warming has led to the creation of legislation aimed at minimizing this phenomenon. As a result, the development of technologies to minimize vehicle emissions and reduce fuel consumption has gained market share. A promising alternative is the use of a belt starter generator (BSG): an electric machine to replace the vehicle’s alternator. This research analyzes the effects of introducing a 12 V BSG into a flex-fuel vehicle, specifically examining its impact on fuel economy and CO2 emissions when using both gasoline and ethanol. The utilization of a low-voltage BSG in a flex-fuel vehicle has not been previously studied. Numerical simulations and experimental fuel consumption and CO2 emissions tests were performed for the normal production flex-fuel baseline configuration and the vehicle with the 12 V BSG, following the standards ABNT NBR 6601 and ABNT NBR 7024. The use of the BSG led to a 10.06% reduction in CO2 emission in the urban cycle for the vehicle running
Lins, AliceHanriot, SergioSales, Luis Carlos Monteiro
To meet the stringent NOx and particulate emissions requirements of Euro 6 and China 6 standard, Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) catalyst integrated with wall flow particulate filter (SCR-DPF) has been found to be an effective solution for the exhaust aftertreatment systems of diesel engines. NOx is reduced by ammonia generated from urea injection while the filter effectively traps and burns the particulate matter periodically in a process called regeneration. The engine control unit (ECU) effectively manages urea injection quantity, timing and soot burning frequency for the stable functioning of the SCR-DPF without impacting drivability. To control the NOx reduction and particulate regeneration process, the control unit uses lookup tables generated from extensive hardware testing to get the current soot load and NOx slip information of SCR-DPF as a function of main exhaust state variables. In the current work, engine dynamometer tests were conducted on a SCR-DPF at different
Kannan, RajeshParamadhayalan, ThiyagarajanMital, RahulGustafson, ErikEdwards, David
The work examined the practicality of converting a modern production 6 cylinder 7.7 litre heavy-duty diesel engine for flex dual-fuel operation with ammonia as the main fuel. A small amount of diesel fuel (pilot) was used as an ignition source. Ammonia was injected into the intake ports during the intake stroke, while the original direct fuel injection equipment was retained and used for pilot diesel injection. A bespoke engine control unit was used to control the injection of both fuels and all other engine parameters. The aim was to provide a cost-effective retrofitting technology for existing heavy-duty engines, to enable eco-friendly operation with minimal carbon emissions. The tests were carried out at a baseline speed of 600 rpm for the load range of the engine (10-90%), with minimum pilot diesel quantity and as high as 90% substitution ratio of ammonia for diesel fuel. Results demonstrated that at high load conditions, ammonia dual-fuel operation could achieve diesel-like
Hegab, AbdelrahmanBowling, WilliamCairns, AlasdairHarrington, AnthonyHall, JonathanBassett, Michael
This study deals with the fatigue life prediction methodology of welding simulation components involving arc welding. First, a method for deriving the cyclic deformation and fatigue properties of the weld metal (that is also called ER70S-3 in AWS, American Welding Standard) is explained using solid bar specimens. Then, welded tube specimens were used with two symmetric welds and subjected to axial, torsion, and combined in-phase and out-of-phase axial-torsion loads. In most previous studies the weld bead’s start/stop were arbitrarily removed by overlapping the starting and stop point. Because it can reduce fatigue data scatter. However, in this study make the two symmetric weld’s start/stops exposed to applying load. Because the shape of the weld bead generated after the welding process can act as a notch (Ex. root notch at weld start / Crater at weld stop) to an applied stress. Accordingly, they were intentionally designed to cause stress concentrations on start/stops. A geometric 3D
Kim, DooyoungKong, Ho YoungPark, Jaehong
A linear parameter-varying model predictive control (LPVMPC) is proposed to enhance the longitudinal vehicle speed control of a gas-engine vehicle, with potential application in autonomous vehicles. To achieve this objective, an advanced vehicle dynamic model and a sophisticated fuel consumption model are derived, forming a control-oriented model for the proposed control system. The vehicle dynamic model accurately captures the motions of the tires and the vehicle body. The fuel consumption model incorporates new powertrain modes such as automatic engine stop/start, active fuel management, and deceleration fuel cut-off, etc. The performance of the proposed LPV-MPC is evaluated by comparing it to a PID controller. Both simulation tests and vehicle-in-the-loop tests demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed controller. The results indicate that the LPV-MPC provides improved longitudinal vehicle speed control and reduced fuel consumption.
Chang, InsuKarnjate, Timothy
Engine stall, a noteworthy occurrence in traditional vehicles, poses challenges due to the inability to disconnect the engine from the driveline. Consequently, in such scenarios, the vehicle experiences a loss of propulsion, necessitating the driver to pull over. The severity of propulsion loss events is underscored by regulatory bodies like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), potentially leading to costly recalls for Automotive Manufacturers. Therefore, proactive measures to avert Loss of Propulsion (LoP) events, including the exploration of remedial actions, are strongly encouraged during powertrain controls design. In contrast, hybrid electric vehicles offer a unique advantage. Given the ability to connect or disconnect the engine from the driveline in hybrid or electric-only modes, an engine stall in hybrid mode need not result in a complete loss of propulsion. In such situations, a hybrid electric vehicle can seamlessly transition to electric-only mode
Basutkar, AmeyaPatel, NadirshRostiti, Cristian
The European Commission is going to publish the new Euro7 standard shortly, with the target of reducing the impact on pollutant emissions due to transportation systems. Besides forcing internal combustion engines to operate cleaner in a wider range of operating conditions, the incoming regulation will point out the role of On-Board Monitoring (OBM) as a key enabler to ensure limited emissions over the whole vehicle lifetime, necessarily taking into account the natural aging of involved systems and possible electronic/mechanical faults and malfunctions. In this scenario, this work aims to study the potential of data-driven approaches in detecting emission-relevant engine faults, supporting standard On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) in pinpointing faulty components, which is part of the main challenges introduced by Euro7 OBM requirements. For this purpose, a data-driven model for the detection and identification of different faults of engine components and sensors, which takes as input
Canè, StellaBrunelli, LorenzoMüller, VolkerSammito, GiuseppeBrinkmann, TobiasSchaub, JoschkaCavina, Nicolò
A model-based torque control strategy which is simple and easily adaptable to various types of engines is developed in this paper. A torque model is derived from constant-volume combustion model, and applications of the model to engine torque control problem are also discussed. As examples, the torque model is calibrated with experimental data collected from two different engines, and simulation and experimental results from the torque control strategy are presented as well.
Kang, Jun-Mo
Automated driving systems (ADS) are designed toward safely navigating the roadway environment, which also includes consideration of potential conflict with other road users. Of particular concern is understanding the cumulative risk associated with vulnerable road users (VRUs) conflicts and collisions. VRUs represent a population of road users that have limited protection compared to vehicle occupants. These severity distributions are particularly useful in evaluating ADS real-world performance with respect to the existing fleet of vehicles. The objective of this study was to present event severity distributions associated with vehicle-cyclist collisions within an urban naturalistic driving environment by leveraging data from third-party vehicles instrumented with forward-facing cameras and a sensor suite (accelerometer sampling at 20 Hz and GPS [variable sampling frequency]). From over 66 million miles of driving, 30 collision events were identified. A global optimization routine was
Campolettano, Eamon T.Scanlon, John M.Kusano, Kristofer D.
In the rapidly evolving automotive landscape, integrating cutting-edge off-board diagnostics tools has triggered a paradigm shift in diesel engine applications. Simultaneously, engineers are compelled to transform conventional mechanical engines into advanced common rail direct injection (CRDi) systems amidst India’s changing pollution norms for industries. Aligned with Bharat Stage Emission Standards, non-road vehicles face stringent emission limits, necessitating complex electronic control predominantly managed by the engine control unit (ECU). Government mandates require the ECU to detect NOx control malfunctions and emission-affecting faults, storing data for off-board analysis. A tool that can read engine data and monitor engine health is required to deal with this situation. Network protocols such as CAN enable remote communication with specialized ECUs. This study examines implementing customized off-board tools, which helps easier coordination with protocols such as the unified
Ayachit, Vedashree VikasGandhi, NareshKakade, Suhas
This document establishes standard gland design criteria and dimensions for static axial O-ring seal applications without anti-extrusion devices specifically for engines and engine control systems operating at a maximum pressure of 1500 psi (10345 kPa). NOTE: The criteria herein are similar, but not identical, to those in AS4716 and the legacy standard MIL-G-5514.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
An ECU is at the heart of control of any modern IC engines which has several functions to be monitored and controlled. Among the controlled parameters are fuel supply and ignition which are dependent on few real time measured parameters such as crankshaft position, mass air flow. The output of the ECU performs an action on the engine by controlling amount of power to actuators precisely. ECU are designed to stand the adverse conditions of operation to which a vehicle is typically exposed to, but in few cases, ECU fail due to faulty wiring and over voltage. The prime solution used is to replace the faulty ECU by new one. But this solution has limitations that the replacement costs are high. As an alternative for repairing ECUs, our project focuses on creating an ECU bench test tool for real time ECU testing and validate the working of ECU. A Technician is need of an ECU bench simulation tool that can generate signals similar to CKP, TPS, O2, MAP, IAT and CLT sensors. This also can be
Nandakumar, M.B.Magesh, B.Muthiya, Solomon JenorisPrashanth, K.P.Mahesh, B.R.Naveena, B.E.Raja, SelvakumarGodwin, John J.
Fully flexible valve actuation (FFVA) is a key enabling technology of internal engine combustion research and development. Two laboratory electro-hydraulic FFVA systems have been developed and implemented in R&D test cells. These FFVA systems were designed using repetitive control (RC), which is based on internal model principle (IMP), for constant engine speed operation. With the engine operating in a steady-state condition, the valve profile input is periodic. This can be accommodated by a repetitive controller, which provides the function of flexible control to step changes in valve lift, valve opening duration, and cam phase angle position. During engine speed transients, as the valve reference trajectory becomes aperiodic in the time domain, the controllers based on the linear time invariant (LTI) IMP, such as RC, are no longer applicable. Engine speed transient control is a desired function to engine research and other similar applications, such as motor control. Several
Wu, HaiKang, Jun-MoYang, XiaofengHuffman, Tito
Commercial transportation is the key pillar of any growing economy. Light and Small commercial vehicles are increasing every day to cater the logistics demand, but there is always a gap between customer’s actual and desired operational efficiency. This is because of lack of organized fleet and efficient fleet operation. The major requirement of fleet owners is timely delivery, high productivity, downtime reduction, real time tracking, etc., Automakers are now providing fleet management application in modern LCV & SCV to satisfy the fleet operator requirement. However, any feature malfunction, consignment mismatch, wrong notification, missed alerts, etc., can incur huge loss to fleet operator and disrupt the entire supply chain. Hence it is very critical to extensively validate the telematics features in fleet management application. This paper explains the approach for exhaustive validation strategy of fleet management applications (B2B) from end user perspective. An effective test
B, SakthivelShams, TausifLalasure, SantoshKarnure, Shabbir LalasoRajakumar, K.
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (IC) and its impact on the application of the
Boya, Vinay KumarAdhyapak, AnoopKomma, VineethaSahoo, Manoranjan
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides methodologies and approaches that have been used to install and integrate full-authority-digital-engine-control (FADEC) systems on transport category aircraft. Although most of the information provided is based on turbofan/turboprop engines installed on large commercial transports, many of the issues raised are equally applicable to corporate, general aviation, regional, and commuter aircraft, and to military installations, particularly when commercial aircraft are employed by military users. The word “engine” is used to designate the aircraft propulsion system. The engine station designations used in this report are shown in Figures 1 to 3. Most of the material concerns an electronic engine control (EEC) with its associated software and its functional integration with the aircraft. However, the report also addresses the physical environment associated with the EEC and its associated wiring and sensors. Since most current transport
E-36 Electronic Engine Controls Committee
Cummins announced its seventh-generation series HE250 and HE300 waste-gate turbochargers for medium displacement on- and off-highway commercial engines. The turbos are sized for 5.5- to 8-liter medium-duty diesel engines and 8- to 11-liter natural-gas engines. Cummins states that the HE250 and 300 were designed to meet the global emissions regulations from 2024 onwards including the upcoming China Stage IV FE 2024, NSVII 2026 and Euro VII 2027. Cummins claims significant improvements in performance and durability compared to the outgoing models. Both turbos reportedly offer a 6-7% gain in overall efficiency as well as enhanced low-speed performance, which translates to additional low-end torque and better compatibility with engine start/stop systems.
Wolfe, Matt
The On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system can detect problems with the vehicle’s engine, transmission, and emissions control systems to generate error codes that can pinpoint the source of the problem. However, there are several wear and tear parts (air filter, oil filter, batteries, engine oil, belt/chain, clutch, gear tooth) that are not diagnosed but replaced often or periodically in motorcycles/ power sports applications. Traditionally there is a lack of availability of in-field and on-board assistive tools to diagnose vehicle health for 2wheelers. An alert system that informs the riders about health and remaining useful life of their motorcycle can help schedule part replacements, ensuring they are always trip-ready and have a stress-free ownership and service experience. This information can also aid in the correct assessment during warranty claims. With the increase of onboard sensors on vehicles, there has been a notable increase in the availability of condition-monitoring data
Vijaykumar, SrikanthSabu, AbhijithPRADHAN, DEBAYANShrivardhankar, Yash
Oxygen sensors are used in combustion engines to determine the air/fuel ratio. Binary type lambda sensors offer high precision determination of lambda values close to stoichiometric combustion conditions (λ=1). While the wide band oxygen sensor allows for measurement of oxygen concentration over a wide range (λ = 0.7 to 16). While it is beneficial to use wide band sensors for all applications, binary sensors are preferred in 2Wheelers and Off road applications due to cost and size of sensor. Additional ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) and complex control software in engine control unit is not required to run a binary sensor. CCBS (continuous control of binary type sensor) allows a specific Bosch binary type sensor to linearize the sensor characteristic line and allow for closed loop fuel operation between λ =0.85 to 0.98. This results in a wider closed loop lambda operation during component protection zone of the engine. The sensor also, showed acceptable usage for
Vijaykumar, SrikanthKarpin, Andrew
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