Browse Topic: Throttles
This SAE Recommended Practice describes two-dimensional, 95th percentile truck driver, side view, seated shin-knee contours for both the accelerator operating leg and the clutch operating leg for horizontally adjustable seats (see Figure 1). There is one contour for the clutch shin-knee and one contour for the accelerator shin-knee. There are three locating equations for each curve to accommodate male-to-female ratios of 50:50, 75:25, and 90:10 to 95:5
Sometimes, I cringe; sometimes, I just listen and wonder. These past few months have given us all a lot to think about in the automotive space, and it's clear now that the coming years will keep the foot down on the accelerator when it comes to the dramatic changes we've experienced this past decade. One thing that stood out to me in various recent conversations is that there's a widening gulf opening between Chinese automakers and the rest of the world. This isn't exactly news, and this column isn't meant to monger any fears. It's just a bit of off-the-cuff reporting that sheds a bit of light on the level of the challenges we face. As you can read in Chris Clonts' excellent report further in this issue about the warning that Voltaiq's CEO gave at The Battery Show this October, the U.S. is in serious danger of falling well behind Chinese competitors in the EV battery race (Michael Robinette tackles similar ground through a tariff lens in this month's Supplier Eye). But that message was
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide guides toward standard conditions for operating marine engine throttles (gasoline or diesel) where push-pull cable control is applicable. For control cable information see SAE J917
Based on the basic structure and operation function of engine throttle, according to the actual structure of a throttle, a 3-dimensional simulation of the transient airflow during the rotation of the throttle from the closed position to the fully open position is realized by using CFD together with the moving mesh technology and the user-defined program. The influence of the throttle movement on the airflow process is studied. The velocity field, pressure field, and flow noise field are analyzed at different angles of throttle rotation. The numerical simulation results show that at the beginning period of the throttle rotation, the vortex appears in the flow field behind the throttle, and the drop of the air pressure between the upstream and downstream position of the throttle is sharp. In addition, the results show that the flow noise field appears near the top dead center and bottom dead center of the throttle, and the maximum value of the acoustic power appears when the throttle
This SAE Standard establishes a uniform test procedure and performance requirements for off throttle steering and obstacle avoidance capabilities of personal watercraft. Personal watercrafts intended to be operated by a single operator who either stands or kneels in a tray located behind a moveable handlepole are exempted from this SAE Standard. This SAE Standard does not apply to outboard powered personal watercraft and jet powered surfboards
Turboprop aircraft have the capability of reversing thrust to provide extra stopping power during landing. Reverse thrust helps save the wear and tear on the brakes and reduces the landing distance under various conditions. The article explains a methodology to predict the disking drag (reverse thrust) from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory and estimation of the same from high-speed taxiing trial (HSTT) and ground roll data for a turboprop aircraft using system identification techniques. One-dimensional kinematic equation was used for modeling the aircraft dynamics, and the error between measured and estimated responses was optimized using the Output Error Optimization Method (OEOM). The estimated propeller drag was matched with CFD predictions to arrive at a relation between the propeller blade pitch angle and throttle position. The present study also investigates the estimation of the braking friction coefficient from the
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides general design and test requirements for a flat cut-off pressure compensated, variable delivery hydraulic pump for use in a civil aircraft hydraulic system with a rated system pressure up to 5000 psi (34500 kPa). NOTE: Hydraulic pumps may incorporate features such as a clutch in the input drive, which will not be covered by this standard
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a common electrical and mechanical interface specification that can be used to design electronic accelerator pedal position sensors and electronic control systems for use in medium- and heavy-duty vehicle applications
After years of lukewarm reception and limited funding, it looks as if the battery electric vehicle (BEV) market is finally going full throttle. According to a recent Forbes article, Schmidt Automotive Research recently reported that BEV sales more than doubled in 2020 to nearly 750,000 and jumped again in 2021 with sales of more than one million vehicles, despite an ongoing chip shortage and pandemic-related disruptions
As one of the key components of the heat pump system, the electronic expansion valve mainly plays the role of throttling and reducing pressure in the heat pump system. The refrigerant flowing through the orifice will produce complex phase change. It is of great significance to study the internal flow field by means of CFD calculations. Firstly, a three-dimensional fluid model is established and the mesh is divided. Secondly, the phase change model is selected, the material is defined and the boundary conditions are determined. According to the principle of the fluid passing through thin-walled small holes, the flow characteristics of electronic expansion valve are theoretically analyzed. Then the flow characteristics of expansion valve are numerically calculated, and a bench for testing mass flow rate of the expansion valve is built. Then the theoretical value, CFD value and experimental value are compared to verify the correctness of the established three-dimensional fluid model. The
This paper introduces a new systematic workflow for the rapid evaluation of energy-efficient automated driving controls in real vehicles in controlled laboratory conditions. This vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) workflow, largely standardized and automated, is reusable and customizable, saves time and minimizes costly dynamometer time. In the first case study run with the VIL workflow, an automated car driven by an energy-efficient driving control previously developed at Argonne used up to 22 % less energy than a conventional control. In a VIL experiment, the real vehicle, positioned on a chassis dynamometer, has a digital twin that drives in a virtual world that replicates real-life situations, such as approaching a traffic signal or following other vehicles. The real and virtual systems interact in a close-loop fashion: the automated driving control directs accelerator and brake pedals based on measurements from the real vehicle and from the perception of the digital twin’s surrounding
We present our approach to several control challenges in high-speed autonomous racing for the Indy Autonomous Challenge (IAC). The IAC involves autonomous head-to-head racing at speeds approaching 200 mph. The autonomy system must maintain traction and stability when operating at such high speeds while also maneuvering aggressively around other competitor vehicles. One key challenge arises from limited actuator update frequency. We propose two lateral control methods to follow the desired trajectory: a cross-track error method and a pure pursuit lookahead angle method. Analysis shows that, when linearized, cross-track error and pure pursuit angle are related by a first-order system. To analyze the effect of actuator update frequency on closed-loop performance, we emulate the discrete rate as a time delay. Control parameters and gains for both controllers can be solved by using loop-shaping techniques to guarantee closed-loop bandwidth and phase margin. The bandwidth is limited by the
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