Browse Topic: Rapid prototyping

Items (522)
ABSTRACT Considering the growth of unmanned vehicles in Defense and Government applications, a simple and efficient way to design, develop and deploy trusted and secure systems is imperative. Secmation’s SecMUAS brings a platform for the rapid design and development of secure modular unmanned systems to defense applications and beyond. SecMUAS “bakes in” cybersecurity features using a modular design framework for unmanned systems. SecMUAS enables affordable, high assurance, “future-proof” solutions to rapidly transition from design to operational use. Secmation’s SecMUAS hardware and software will provide developers a capability to address cybersecurity requirements and related certification approval processes, enabling the rapid transition of technology to the warfighter. Citation: H. Aldridge, F. Livingston, “Secure Rapid Prototyping for Unmanned Systems”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 10-12, 2021
Aldridge, HalLivingston, Fred
ABSTRACT Today’s combat vehicle designs are largely constrained by traditional manufacturing processes, such as machining, welding, casting, and forging. Recent advancements in 3D-Printing technology offer tremendous potential to provide economical, optimized components by eliminating fundamental process limitations. The ability to re-design suitable components for 3D-printing has potential to significantly reduce cost, weight, and lead-time in a variety of Defense & Aerospace applications. 3D-printing will not completely replace traditional processes, but instead represents a new tool in our toolbox - from both a design and a manufacturing standpoint
Deters, Jason
ABSTRACT This paper describes multi-resolution, distributed design and simulation software for rapid prototyping and analysis of complex systems using a Co-simulation approach. The current focus of this work is on the modeling of the engine cooling system in the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV vehicle. In that particular vehicle the cooling system consists of three coupled subsystems: a) engine cooling; b) electronic transaxle cooling; and battery cooling. This paper discusses two aspects of this work: a) high level description of the developed models and co-simulation approaches; and b) comparison of co-simulation to test data. Most of the model predictions deviated from the test data by less than 5%. Results indicate that distributed multi-resolution simulations can significantly accelerate the analysis of flow-thermal processes in complex vehicle systems. Moreover, the approach allows coupling of different codes with different functionalities to obtain integrated results not possible with
Pindera, Maciej Z.Malosse, Jean-JacquesSun, YuzhiVosen, Steven R.Goryca, Mary
ABSTRACT This paper describes a work in progress on the development of general, Open Architecture multi-resolution software for rapid prototyping and analysis of complex systems using a Co-simulation approach. Although the approach can be used for rapid analysis of a wide class of complex physical systems, the current focus of this work is on the modeling of the engine cooling system in the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV vehicle. The paper discusses two aspects of this work: development of the co-simulation environment, development of models of the cooling system components with focus on the A/C system using the R134a refrigerant. The major component models are based on dimensional reduction of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting 1D equations are subsequently partitioned along the axial direction resulting in systems of 0D non-linear ordinary differential equations. The equations are then solved using a very efficient approach using Chebyshev polynomials. We also present preliminary
Malosse, Jean-JacquesPindera, Maciej Z.Sun, YuzhiVosen, Steven R.
ABSTRACT A methodology for rapid development of purpose-built, heavy-fueled engines is being created. The methodology leverages best-in-class computational tools, component supplier expertise, user-programmable ECUs, and rapid prototyping to quickly provide custom engines for demanding military applications. . First-tier automotive suppliers are being used extensively on non-complex standard components to reduce the development time. Our design methodology aggressively eliminates unnecessary components and incorporates various other weight-saving features to minimize system weight. The anticipated total development time to a working prototype is less than 15 months for this first iteration of the methodology, and will be further reduced for any subsequent design iterations
Sykes, David M.Ratowski, Jeffrey
ABSTRACT This paper presents a flexible, modular model architecture in Modelica for system modeling and simulation of military ground vehicles. The model platform and implemented interfaces are flexible enough to support virtual prototyping of conventional and hybrid vehicles with various physical architectures such as series, parallel, hydraulic, and plug-in implementations. Several sample model implementations of conventional and concept hybrid military ground vehicles are presented to illustrate the usage and flexibility of the model architecture to support systems engineering activities by maximizing model re-use throughout the product development process from concept assessment and design through testing and verification
Batteh, John J.Tiller, Michael M.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), have received considerable interest due to their capacity to create complex structures using a diverse array of materials. The objective of this study is to improve the process control and efficiency of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material by creating a predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The study investigates the impact of FDM process parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on key printing attributes such as tensile strength, flexibility, and surface quality. Several experimental trials are performed to gather data on these parameters and their corresponding printing attributes. The ANFIS predictive model is built using the collected dataset to forecast printing characteristics by analyzing input process parameters. The ANFIS model utilizes the learning capabilities of neural networks
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanD, PalanisamyA, GnanarathinamUmapathi, DKiruthika, Jothi
A digital twin is a virtual model that accurately imitates a physical asset. This can be as complex as an entire vehicle, a subsystem, and down to a small functioning component. The digital twin has a level of fidelity that aligns to the goals of the project team. The usage of a digital twin inside a digital engineering (DE) ecosystem permits architecture and design decisions for optimized product behavior, performance, and interactions. This paper demonstrates a methodology to incorporate the digital twin concept from requirement analysis, low fidelity feature level simulation, rapid prototypes running inside a System Integration Lab, and high fidelity virtual prototypes executing in an entirely virtual environment
Kanon, Robert J.Griffin, Kevin W.Fernando, RaveenShah, AmirKouba, RussFeury, Mark
The Software Production Factory (SPF) is a cyber physical construct of computers, hardware and software integrated together to serve as an ideation and rapid prototyping environment. SPF is a virtual dynamic environment to analyze requirements, architecture, and design, assess trade-offs, test Ground Vehicle development artifacts such as structural and behavioral features, and deploy system artifacts and operational qualifications. SPF is utilized during the product development as well as during system operations and support. The white paper describes the components of the SPF to build relevant Ground Vehicle Rapid Prototyping (GVRP) models in accordance with the model-centric digital engineering process guidelines. The factory and the processes together ensure that the artifacts are produced as specified. The processes are centered around building, maintaining, and tracing single source of information from source all the way to final atomic element of the built system
Thukral, AjayGriffin, Kevin W.Kanon, Robert J.
Recent years have demonstrated the fragility of both military and nonmilitary supply chains. Through biotechnology and biomanufacturing, the Department of Defense (DoD) can use readily available feedstocks to onshore manufacturing of chemicals and materials critical to defense needs and to create advanced materials with enhanced capabilities. Development of DoD’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing capabilities will help secure the defense supply chain and contribute to a force that is sustainable, resilient, survivable, agile, and responsive. To accelerate the advancement of biotechnology and biomanufactured products, the Department launched the Tri-Service Biotechnology for a Resilient Supply Chain (T-BRSC) program in Fiscal Year 2022. T-BRSC is creating a pipeline for advanced development and transition of biomanufactured materials to support defense supply chain resilience. The effort brings together Joint Service partners to leverage significant advances made over the last decade
Wolfson, Benjamin R.Knott, Steve K.Maul, Steve J.Pietsch, Hollie A.Podolan, Kyle S.Thomas, Nick H.Hung, Chia-SueiGupta, Maneesh K.Kelley-Loughnane, NancyMalanoski, Anthony P.Glaven, Sarah M.Gibbons, Henry S.
In this study, we investigate the optimization of additive manufacturing (AM) parameters using a bi-objective optimization approach through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The objectives are to minimize build time and maximize mechanical strength. Experimental evaluations are conducted on various process parameters, including layer thickness, build orientation, and infill density, with a focus on their impact on build time and mechanical properties. Optimal parameter combinations, such as the lowest layer thickness, vertical build orientation, and relatively low fill density, are identified for maximizing tensile strength while minimizing build time. The consistency between experimental results and those obtained through NSGA-II validation validates the reliability of the optimization approach. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of AM by providing insights into efficient parameter optimization strategies for enhancing both efficiency and
EL Azzouzi, AdilZaghar, HamidZiat, AbderazzakLarbi, Lasri
This research systematically explores the significant impact of geometrical dimensions within fused deposition modeling (FDM), with a focus on the influence of raster angle and interior fill percentage. Through meticulous experimentation and the application of response surface modeling (RSM), the influence on critical parameters such as weight, length, width at ends, width at neck, thickness, maximum load, and elongation at tensile strength is thoroughly analyzed. The study, supported by ANOVA, highlights the notable effects of raster angle and interior fill percentage, particularly on width at ends, width at neck, and thickness. During the optimization phase, specific parameters—precisely, a raster angle of 31.68 and an interior fill percentage of 27.15—are identified, resulting in an exceptional desirability score of 0.504. These insights, substantiated by robust statistical data, fill a critical gap in the understanding of 3D-printed parts, offering practical recommendations for
Moradi, MahmoudRezayat, MohammadMeiabadi, SalehRasoul, Fakhir A.Shamsborhan, MahmoudCasalino, GiuseppeKaramimoghadam, Mojtaba
This study aims to explore the wear characteristics of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed automotive parts and techniques to improve wear performance. The surface roughness of the parts printed from this widely used additive manufacturing technology requires more attention to reduce surface roughness further and subsequently the mechanical strength of the printed geometries. The main aspect of this study is to examine the effect of process parameters and annealing on the surface roughness and the wear rate of FDM printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts to diminish the issue mentioned above. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G99 specified test specimens were fabricated for the investigations. The parameters considered in this study were nozzle temperature, infill density, printing velocity, and top/bottom pattern. The hybrid tool, i.e., GA–ANN (genetic algorithm–artificial neural network) has been opted to train, predict, and optimize the surface
Narang, RajanKaushik, AshishDhingra, Ashwani KumarChhabra, Deepak
In this paper, experimental studies were conducted to examine the mechanical behavior of a polymer composite material called polyamide with glass fiber (PA6-GF), which was fabricated using the three-dimensional (3D) fusion deposition modeling (FDM) technique. FDM is one of the most well-liked low-cost 3D printing techniques for facilitating the adhesion and hot melting of thermoplastic materials. PA6 exhibits an exceptionally significant overall performance in the families of engineering thermoplastic polymer materials. By using twin-screw extrusion, a PA6-GF mixed particles made of PA6 and 20% glass fiber was produced as filament. Based on literature review, the samples have been fabricated for tensile, hardness, and flexural with different layer thickness of 0.08 mm, 0.16 mm, and 0.24 mm, respectively. The composite PA6-GF behavior is characterized through an experimental test employing a variety of test samples made in the x and z axes. The mechanical and physical characteristics of
Sivanesh, A. R.Soundararajan, R.Natrayan, M.Nallasivam, J. D.Santhosh, R.
Fiber reinforced additive manufacturing (FRAM) is a fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) process which produces composite print layers - polymer matrix and reinforcing fiber. This work proposes a novel method which utilizes FRAM design freedom and simultaneously optimizes 3D print orientation and component topology to improve the response of a mass minimization problem statement. The method is robust and is designed to solve industry-applicable problem statements (mass minimization) with complex geometry and loading. Design sensitivities of 3D print orientation design variables, (θ1, θ2, θ3), are calculated using finite differencing and gradient descent is used to converge to an optimized print orientation. Changing 3D print orientation alters anisotropic material properties to improve the structural response of the component in the prescribed load-cases. The numerical method optimizes the anisotropic material properties of the component and concurrently
Ray, NoahKim, Il Yong
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a common way to make things faster in manufacturing era today. A mix of polypropylene (PP) and carbon fiber (CF) blended filament is strong and bonded well. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a common way to make things. For this research, made the test samples using a mix of PP and CF filament through FDM printer by varying infill speed of 40 meters per sec 50 meters per sec and 60 meters per sec in sequence. The tested these samples on a tribometer testing machine that slides them against a surface with different forces (from 5 to 20 N) and speeds (from 1 to 4 meters per sec). The findings of the study revealed a consistent linear increase in both wear rate and coefficient of friction across every sample analyzed. Nevertheless, noteworthy variations emerged when evaluating the samples subjected to the 40m/s infill speed test. Specifically, these particular samples exhibited notably lower wear rates and coefficients of friction compared to the remaining
Surendra, S.Sireesha, S.C.P., SivaSuresh, P.
This article explores the impact of As-built versus annealed Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) on the mechanical properties of test samples fabricated from two distinct materials: Polyamide 6 (PA6) and PA6 with carbon fiber filament. Employing the FDM technique, these samples were meticulously produced, with significant process parameters maintained at optimal values. Two sets of printed specimens were prepared for examination, one composed of PA6 and the other of PA6 with carbon fiber (CF) reinforcement. The first set was subjected to mechanical testing in its As-built condition, while the second set underwent an annealing process utilizing a muffle furnace. The annealing reduces internal stresses, enhances interlayer adhesion, and promotes crystallinity. For both the sent samples exposed to comprehensive assessments to evaluate various mechanical performance attributes, including hardness, impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. The results of this study elucidate that
Raja, R.Arun Kumar, K.Jannet, SabithaNarasimharaj, V.
This paper presents the energy savings of an automated driving control applied to an electric vehicle based on the on-track testing results. The control is a universal speed planner that analytically solves the eco-driving optimal control problem, within a receding horizon framework and coupled with trajectory tracking lower-level controls. The automated eco-driving control can take advantage of signal phase and timing (SPaT) provided by approaching traffic lights via vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. At each time step, the controller calculates the accelerator and brake pedal position (APP/BPP) based on the current state of the vehicle and the current and future information about the surrounding environment (e.g., speed limits, traffic light phase). The target vehicle is a Chevrolet Bolt, an electric vehicle, which is outfitted with a drive-by-wire (DBW) system that allows external APP/BPP to command the speed of the vehicle, while the operator remains in charge of the
JEONG, JongryeolDudekula, Ahammad BashaKandaswamy, ElangovanKarbowski, DominikHan, JihunNaber, Jeffrey
Purdue University researchers have developed a patent-pending method to add particles to filament and disperse them evenly through a traditional fused deposition modeling, or FDM, 3D printer, which will aid industry in manufacturing functional parts
Regarding the development of an aircraft assembly process, this paper will illustrate the intelligent decision and policies of the aircraft assembly process based on technician experience. A model of the knowledge management system of the aircraft assembly process is developed to avoid the complexity of the entire aircraft or aircraft product assembly process. Firstly, According to the characteristics of the knowledge management system of the aircraft assembly process, the aircraft assembly process has been discussed to realize the decision of the aircraft assembly process. Secondly, intelligent decision-making in the aircraft assembly process has been established based on the knowledge management system and aircraft assembly process library that is oriented to the assembly process requirements employing an assembly process reasoning method. Finally, the intelligent decision policies of the aircraft assembly process are based on tacit knowledge, which is applied to the decision-making
Miah, Md HelalZhang, Jianhua
Point cloud objects have gained popularity in three-dimensional (3D) printing recently due to advancements in reverse engineering technology. Fabricating an object with a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer requires converting the object to layered contours, which involves a slicing process. The slicing process of a point cloud object usually requires reconstructing a 3D object from a point cloud, which requires users’ deep understanding of 3D modeling software and a laborious work process. To avoid these problems, the direct slicing of point cloud objects is gaining more popularity. This research work proposes an adaptive slicing approach from point cloud objects directly without surface reconstruction. The adaptive slicing maintains the global geometry error while requiring a smaller number of fabrication layers and printing time. A new error profile used in the adaptive slicing approach is introduced. It approximates the geometry error from the point cloud directly based on the
Moodleah, SamartKirimasthong, Khwunta
Additive manufacturing produces parts by adding material layer by layer with respect to time based on a computerized 3D solid model. The design model of Robotic arm was prepared using the solid works. The various components such as fingers, gripper, etc., were created and connected. After meticulous mathematical calculations, the design features of the robotic arm, including force analysis, are arrived at, and the arm is prepared to be operated using Bluetooth. Major challenges were faced during conversion of the designed model to prototype model. Furthermore, the components were created utilising fast rapid prototyping, which is more efficient than other traditional approaches. This technology has been effectively used in the production of light weight prototypes, tooling and the development low-cost bespoke designs. Finally, all the parts are assembled with Bluetooth control systems and validated with payload up to maximum of 10kgfor lowering and lifting
Ramaswamy, NakandhrakumarElumalai, SangeethkumarGoswami, SwapnanilRaja, SelvakumarVelmurugan, RamanathanVenkata Goutham, VuttiRamakrishnan, M
Avoiding the pitfalls of 3D printing requires knowing the process limitations - and how to work around them. An expert at a leading AM specialist shares insights on getting it right. As additive manufacturing (AM) technology and its applications expand, engineers are recognizing that different industrial 3D printing processes have different constraints that can affect designed parts in production. Some constraints are universal across the different processes, and some are more specific to the type of process used. It is thus essential to understand the technology you are working with to maximize its potential as a production method. With this understanding it is possible to design around the general limitations of AM as well as the specific process constraints that could impact a product or part. While design for manufacture (DfM) is not a new concept, the rules for designing for additive manufacture (DfAM) require design engineers to take a different approach. This article is
Allen, Nick
Engineers have created a highly effective way to paint complex 3D-printed objects, such as lightweight frames for aircraft and biomedical stents, that could save manufacturers time and money and provide new opportunities to create “smart skins” for printed parts
Senior level military members are constantly evaluating risk and finding ways to articulate and mitigate risks on the battlefield. When it comes to new technology adoption and consideration, these same leaders must take a similar approach to justify spending taxpayer dollars and implementing new processes to improve operational outcomes
When weight reduction is the primary goal, 3D-printed aluminum alloys are a frequent choice for aerospace and high-performance motorsports applications. Aluminum is much lighter than nickel alloys and has been particularly popular for laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) because it’s good for prototyping and easy to post-process
Marotta Controls Montville, NJ 973-334-7800
The utilization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in the current manufacturing sector is growing day - by - day. This is made possible by the constant development of new materials and techniques to overcome the difficulties that are encountered while fabricating a part. In AM, parts are fabricated by laying successive layers on one another till the complete part is build. This gives AM an edge over conventional manufacturing. Even intricate or hollow parts can be fabricated with the same ease as fabricating a solid part. The key objective of this project is to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (PETG) and Carbon fiber reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (CF - PETG), which are fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process of AM. The ASTM standards D638 and D790 were followed for fabricating tensile test and Flexural test specimens respectively. Subsequently, fractured specimens are analyzed
Raja, KumarNaiju, CDSenthil Kumar, MKrishnan, PadmanabhanDessalegn, Naol
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites propose exceptional directional mechanical properties, and combining their advantages with the potential of 3D printing has resulted in many novel research fronts. Industries have started using 3D printed components which are rapidly replacing conventional material components in most of the industries. Carbon fiber reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) often finds its application in reasonably high loading conditions working at lesser speed like lightweight gears, spanners, nuts, and bolts. Wear reduction is an important factor that plays an important role in prolonging the component's life. Hence, it is crucial to optimize 3D printing parameters to get desired strength according to the application. The aim of this paper is to conduct the wear rate test on the Fused Deposition Modelled (FDM) printed carbon fiber reinforced PLA parts, to identify the optimum printing parameters which are crucial for wear reduction. Two process parameters i.e. fill density
Raja, KumarNaiju, CDM, Senthil KumarDessalegn, Naol
Assessment of the boundaries for self-ignition of unburned charge in spark ignition engines (also related to knock) is required for development of the engine concepts and controls with respect to charge composition, spark advance and valve timing when designing the gas engines with wide range of the fuel compositions and converting compression ignition engines to gas engines. In this paper the combination of the single-zone model of the SI engine and chemical kinetics modeling is evaluated as a rapid prototyping tool for prediction of the self-ignition of the unburned charge in SI engine. The single-zone model simulates the cylinder pressure history based on Wiebe heat release function. The simulation of the self-ignition of the unburned charge is performed with coupled solution of the system of ordinary differential equations for temperature and species concentration with detailed chemical kinetic mechanism. Three fuels were considered: primary reference fuel, methane, hydrogen. The
Zaev, IvanSmirnov, Sergei
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