Browse Topic: Vehicle styling

Items (199)
In this work, we evaluated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for predicting the design trends in flow around a mass-production luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) subjected to incremental design changes via spoiler and underbody combinations. We compared Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) using several turbulence models and a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) to experimental measurements from a 40% scale wind tunnel test model at matched full-scale Reynolds number. Regardless of turbulence model, RANS was unable to consistently reproduce the design trends in drag from wind tunnel data. This inability of RANS to reproduce the drag trends stemmed from inaccurate base pressure predictions for each vehicle configuration brought on by highly separated flow within the vehicle wake. When taking A-B design trends, many of these errors compounded together to form design trends that did not reflect those measured in experiments. On the other hand, DDES proved to be more
Aultman, MatthewDisotell, KevinDuan, LianMetka, Matthew
ABSTRACT A study was performed to assess the effect of changes to the geometry of the Abrams Tank and Stryker on its Military Load Class (MLC). Using methodology defined per a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) document, a series of MLC calculations were performed for both vehicles at various weights, using base dimensions as well as modified dimensions, with changes made to either the vehicle’s length or width. The calculated MLC and associated Width Correction Factor was recorded at each weight, and the results were analyzed to assess how changes to vehicle length and width affect its MLC. Analysis results are presented in this paper, along with conclusions drawn from the results of this study. Citation: Sia, B., “A Study on The Effect of Geometry Changes on A Vehicle’s Military Load Class,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
Sia, Bernard
ABSTRACT Conceptual design of automotive structures has received substantial research attention in recent years in order to speed up vehicle development and innovation. Although several structural optimization methods have been employed in concept design, there still exists lack of efficient design tools to produce initial design shapes with less problem dependency, less computation-intensive analysis and more design flexibility. In this paper, an innovative Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) approach based on an integrated Genetic Algorithms(GA) and Finite Element (FE) optimization system has been studied and implemented for efficient conceptual design of automotive suspension system related structural part. Integration of GA provides the method a great amount of design flexibility and robustness that increases possibility of finding more efficient and innovative design shapes of the structure
Islam, Mohammad RefatulMotoyama, Keiichi
ABSTRACT Structural optimization efforts for blast mitigation seek to counteract the damaging effects of an impulsive threat on critical components of vehicles and to protect the lives of the crew and occupants. The objective of this investigation is to develop a novel optimization tool that simultaneously accounts for both energy dissipating properties of a shaped hull and the assembly constraints of such a component to the vehicle system. The resulting hull design is shown to reduce the blast loading imparted on the vehicle structure. Component attachment locations are shown to influence the major deformation modes of the target and the final hull design
Tan, HuadeGoetz, JohnTovar, AndrésRenaud, John E.
This paper investigates the drag reduction matching of modular flying cars based on a nested configuration. To address the high aerodynamic drag issue of traditional modular flying car configurations, a nested design scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the cabin is extracted from a low-drag car and combined with the flying module using a nested approach, achieving aerodynamic matching between the cabin, driving module, and flying module. First, the conceptual design of the new modular flying car and the parameters of each module, including the driving module, cabin module, and flying module, are introduced. Then, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are utilized to numerically simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the new flying car, and the results are compared with the existing typical modular flying car, AIRBUS. The research results show that the nested modular flying car exhibits superior aerodynamic performance in both driving and flying modes. Compared to the typical
Li, YanlongYe, ShengfeiZhou, Hua
Spinning up a new car company in the 2020s typically means there's a new electric crossover being unveiled that may (or may not) come to market sometime in the next four years. British petrochemical company Ineos went in another direction. The company's petrol and diesel-powered Grenadier lineup resembles the Defenders of the '70s and '80s. An homage to a time before fuel injection, touchscreens and backup cameras, the Grenadier lineup has all of those features but still looks like something from the time before CDs
Baldwin, Roberto
Surrounded by celebrities in Beverly Hills, Mercedes-Benz unveiled the 2025 G 580 with EQ Technology on a dock in the middle of a reservoir. That mouthful of a name is met with a large offering of technology packed into the luxury off-roader. Sitting atop a 116-kWh capacity battery pack, four motors (one for each wheel), a redesigned rear axle system, and a sound system feature called G-Roar, the German utility vehicle is ready to tackle the great outdoors as well as Rodeo Drive. While its target audience in the United States will unlikely use any of the following features more than a few times a year, the transition from gas to battery has done nothing to reduce the vehicle's off-road capabilities. If anything, it's enhanced them
Baldwin, Roberto
While there is a tendency for new vehicles to have a focus on ride, handling, performance and other dynamic elements, the model year 2024 Lincoln Nautilus team added another element to how the driver will experience the midsize SUV. Not that the ride, handling, etc. were ignored, but the global design and engineering team wanted to do something different with this two-row SUV. Recognize that this is a vehicle with a sumptuous interior that includes not only first-class seating (24-way adjustable front seats) and materials (Alpine Venetian leather available on the seats; cashmere for the headliner) but also an available high-end Revel Ultima 3D audio system with 28 speakers. What's more, there's “Lincoln Digital Scent,” small electronically activated pods containing various aromas (e.g., Mystic Forest, Ozonic Azure, Violet Cashmere). Across the top of the instrument panel there is a 48-inch backlit LCD screen and a 11.1-inch touchscreen in the center stack
Vasilash, Gary
In the context of vehicle electrification, improving vehicle aerodynamics is not only critical for efficiency and range, but also for driving experience. In order to balance the necessary trade-offs between drag and downforce without significant impact on the vehicle styling, we see an increasing amount of active aerodynamic solutions on high-end passenger vehicles. Active rear spoilers are one of the most common active aerodynamic features. They deploy at high vehicle speed when additional downforce is required [1, 2]. For a vehicle with an active rear spoiler, the aerodynamic performance is typically predicted through simulations or physical testing at different static spoiler positions. These positions range from fully stowed to fully deployed. However, this approach does not provide any information regarding the transient effects during the deployment of the rear spoiler, which can be critical to understanding key performance aspects of the system. In this paper, we propose a
Fougere, NicolasDeMeo, MichaelTuit Farquhar, HenryOliveira, DaniloNastov, Alexander
Wheel drag is generally known to be proportional to the wheel opening area. However, predicting wheel drag through opening area is still very difficult and inaccurate because there are many other factors that affect wheel drag. To more accurately and effectively predict wheel drag in the early styling design stage, we introduced the wheel average depth (WAD) parameter and developed S/W to calculate WAD. As a result of analyzing the correlation between WAD and wheel drag for HKMC's mass-produced wheels, the R2 value was greatly improved compared to the correlation between the existing wheel opening area and wheel drag, and the prediction accuracy was doubled
Kim, UntaeHwang, GyeongminJunsik, ShinHan, JeongminPark, SangmyunPark, Sanghyun
As we move toward electrification in future mobility, weight and cost reduction continue to be priorities in vehicle development. This has led to continued interest in advanced molding processes and holistic design to enable polymer materials for demanding structural applications such as pickup truck beds. In addition to performance, it is necessary to continue to improve styling, functionality, quality, and sustainability to exceed customer expectations in a competitive market. To support development of a lightweight truck bed design, a cross-functional team objectively explored the latest materials and manufacturing technologies relevant to this application. In Phase 1 of this work, the team considered a variety of alternatives for each functional area of the bed, including thermoplastic and thermoset materials with a range of processing technologies. Several initial design concepts and respective material cards were generated to capture the broadest set of materials and technologies
Nummy, Amanda
Aerodynamic resistance stands as a pivotal factor impacting the performance of race cars, creating significant impedance to their movement. Diverse strategies exist to alleviate this resistance, including the integration of aerodynamic elements and refinement of the vehicle's body contours. By emphasizing drag reduction without altering the powertrain, race car designs can effectively curtail drag. This study centers on the exhaustive examination, analysis, and experimentation with a model representing a Formula Student (FS) car, with the primary objective of augmenting its aerodynamic efficiency for motorsport applications. In compliance with the SAEINDIA Supra regulations, a meticulously crafted CAD model of the formula car is developed. After this, the model undergoes simulation utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools, facilitating the identification of turbulent zones and areas of enhanced drag. A scaled-down 3D printed model is then employed for comparative analysis
Rangarajan, KishoreVelayudhan, Gautham
As Hyundai was starting design work on the new 2024 Kona in March 2020, the company decided to focus on making the youth-oriented SUV's design work for the EV version first, with the idea that, later on, the ICE and hybrid powertrains could be adapted to fit. “Normally, you look at ICE and you have an EV version,” said Kevin Kang, senior design manager for Hyundai Design North America. “The EV design is kind of an afterthought, but for the Kona, we decided to design it first as an EV model, and that really let us break free from the norm
Blanco, Sebastian
Ergonomics plays an important role in safety, comfort, and convenience of occupants in passenger cars. Customers come in different sizes; have different preferences and exhibit different seating behaviors while driving a car. With sophisticated interior styling themes aimed at satisfying the increasing customer demands, dashboard packaging and its integration in the vehicle has become a challenging task. This has a deteriorating effect on the driver knee clearance since dashboard has penetrated more into cockpit area to house the complex integration. With drivers having significant workload, their postures are within a presumable range of prediction. However, there still exists ‘out-of-customary’ behaviors while driving a vehicle. Drivers tend to sit in a slouched posture, and this leads to an involuntary knee engagement resulting in activation of critical controls like EPB (Electronic Parking Brake). EPB is an Active Safety feature and on activating it, the vehicle stops immediately
Rajakumaran, SriramDevan, Rohan MarutiManekar, RahulBabaleshwar, VinodKunnanath, Jasar
With reference to present literature, most OEMs are working on reducing product development time by around ~20%, through seamless integration of digital ecosystem and focusing on dynamic customer needs. The Systems Engineering approach focuses on functions & systems rather than components. In this approach, designers (Computer Aided Design) / analysts (Computer Aided Engineering) need to understand program requirements early to enable seamless integration. This approach also reduces the number of iterative loops between cross functions thereby reducing the development cycle time. In this paper, we have attempted to tackle a common challenge faced by Closures (Liftgate) engineering: meeting slam durability fatigue life while replicating customer normal and abusive closing behavior. For modern vehicles with faster vehicle development processes, major challenges are balancing mass with improved structural and durability performance, while also considering frequent design changes due to
Subramanian, VijayasarathyEvans, JonSchoenow, JamesArikatti, Karegowda
The aerodynamic performance of automobile especially drag and lift was largely determined by the wake flow, which is three-dimensional, unsteady, and turbulent. The styling of the rear back of the vehicle body has much influence on the wake flow structure, typically including squareback, notchback, and hatchback. Bi-stability of the wake flow of vehicle body makes the aerodynamic force oscillating, which affects the energy consumption and driving stability. This article investigates the bi-stability of wake flow of a hatchback SUV in full-scale automotive wind tunnel. Both aerodynamic force and surface pressure on the rear back of the vehicle were measured. Time series of aerodynamic force and pressure footprint are used to confirm the existence of bi-stability. The effects of some sensitive factors on the bi-stability have been analyzed. The results show that for the given condition with bi-stability phenomenon existing, the change of drag and lift can be 6.36% and 111%, respectively
Yuan, HaidongWang, HaiyangFan, Guangjun
Speckle noise degrades the visual appearance and the quality of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. The reduction of speckle noise is the first step in any remote-sensing device. To improve the noisy SAR images, a variety of adaptive and nonadaptive noise reduction filters were used. In order to eliminate speckle noise present in SAR images, an adaptive cuckoo search optimization-based speckle reduction bilateral filter has been designed in this article. To test the ability to eliminate multiplicative noise, the suggested filter’s effectiveness was compared to that of several de-speckling approaches. It has been measured with different assessment metrics such as PSNR, EPI, SSIM, and ENL. When compared to conventional de-noising filters, the proposed filter shows promising results for lowering speckle noise and retaining edge properties. In addition, the PSNR value has increased as compared to the PMD method and this method has been shown to be efficient in reducing speckle noise in
Abdus Subhahan, D.Kumar, C.N.S. Vinoth
As automakers keep rolling out new EV models, a kind of sameness has crept into the proceedings. Put a four-door sedan or crossover on a skateboard platform with a 90-kWh-or-so battery, a smattering of futuristic touches, and start shipping. Volkswagen says it is adding something unique to the mix with the 2025 ID.Buzz it will start delivering to the North American market in the second half of 2024. This three-rows-of-seating variant of the ID.Buzz is the “spiritual reincarnation of the Microbus reimagined for our electric future,” said Pablo Di Si, president and CEO of Volkswagen of America, Inc
Clonts, Chris
With aviation-inspired design elements, new powertrains and a larger footprint, Lincoln's redesigned 2024 Navigator comes to showrooms early in 2024 to compete in the luxury midsize SUV segment crowded with conventionally powered, hybrid and EV models. With parent Ford promising to invest $30 billion on vehicle-electrification development by 2025, the new Nautilus offers a hybrid variant to be counted in that program. Previously on Ford's aged CD midsize architecture, the 2024 Nautilus moves to “a modified version” of Ford's ubiquitous C2 unibody platform - the foundation for current models such as the Ford Escape, Maverick and Bronco Sport - according to vehicle engineering manager Dan Boxeth. Despite moving from a “midsize” platform to what is regarded as a compact-vehicle architecture, the 2024 Nautilus grows in every exterior dimension: it's 3.2 in. (81 mm) longer at 193.2 in. (4907 mm) overall and its 114.2-in. (2901-mm) wheelbase is 2-in. (51-mm) longer than the outgoing Nautilus
Visnic, Bill
Developing synergy between styling design and aerodynamic efficiency has been an ongoing challenge in the automotive industry for many years. Designers and aerodynamicists have to meet strict deadlines and have limited resources to iterate and evolve the design and performance of the vehicle exterior during early concept development. The number of possible styling variants and configurations can often reach into the hundreds. Physical wind tunnel measurements are simply not practical from a time or cost perspective to evaluate these designs. Therefore, increased performance and accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have become the main objective of every vehicle OEMs. Today, the GPU hardware, particularly the memory and performance, has reached a point where there is an increased interest in their usage for aerodynamics simulations. GPUs offer potential simulation performance improvements due to lower power consumption and hardware costs. With this in mind, a GPU
Mortazawy, MehdiRao, MukulJilesen, JonathanWork, DalonShock, Richard
The body stiffness plays a key role in vehicle performance, such as noise and vibration, ride and handling, durability and so on. In particular, a body D-pillar ring structure is the most sensitive affecting the body stiffness on vehicle with tail gate. Therefore, since D-pillar body ring structure for high stiffness and lightweight is required, an optimized design methodology that simultaneously satisfies the requirements was studied. It focused on a methodology that body engineering designers can optimize design parameters easily and quickly by themselves in the preceding stages of vehicle’s styling distribution and design conceptual planning. First, it is important to establish the body stiffness design strategy by predicting the body stiffness with the vehicle’s styling at early design stage. The methodology to predict body stiffness with the styling and body dimension specification parameters was introduced. Next, design parameters such as a cross-section area, material and
Kim, HyungtaeLee, YoungHoHur, JungwooChoi, Jeehwan
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations are an integral part of the product development process in an automotive industry. The conventional approach involving pre-processing, solving and post-processing is highly time-consuming. Emerging digital technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) can be implemented in early stage of product development cycle to predict key performances without need of traditional CAE. Oil Canning loadcase simulates the displacement and buckling behavior of vehicle outer styling panels. A ML model trained using historical oil canning simulation results can be used to predict the maximum displacement and classify buckling locations. This enables product development team in faster decision making and reduces overall turnaround time. Oil canning FE model features such as stiffness, distance from constraints, etc., are extracted for training database of the ML model. Initially, 32 model features were extracted from the FE model. Domain expertise and variable
Srinivasan, ArunkumarS, AravamuthanMadhurya, BellamkondaS Kangde, Suhas
Modern day automotive market demands shorter time to market. Traditional product development involves design, virtual simulation, testing and launch. Considerable amount of time being spent on virtual validation phase of product development cycle can be saved by implementing machine learning based predictive models for key performance predictions instead of traditional CAE. Durability oil canning loadcase for vehicle hood which impacts outer styling and involves time consuming CAE workflow takes around 11 days to complete analysis at all locations. Historical oil canning CAE results can be used to build ML model and predict key oil canning performances. This enables faster decision making and first-time right design. In this paper, prediction of buckling behaviour and maximum displacement of vehicle hood using ML based predictive model are presented. Key results from past CAE analysis are used for training and validating the predictive model. Commercially available tool is used, and
S, AravamuthanS Kangde, Suhas
With crossover SUVs now the backbone of its North American sales volume, Mazda on Jan. 31 revealed the CX-90 SUV, a fullsize 3-row model to serve as the brand's flagship when it goes on sale this spring. Two hybridized propulsion options seem well-timed to help the new SUV transition customers to the electrified future - but without the worries regarding driving range or recharging infrastructure. At the same time, Mazda executives and engineers insist that the 2024 CX-90 will remain true to Mazda's promise of emphasis on engaging driving dynamics and expressive styling. “We design to a feeling, not just specifications,” said Jeff Guyton, president and CEO of Mazda North American Operations, in a presentation to media on January 31. Guyton went on to call the CX-90 a breakthrough vehicle in its segment. Program manager Mitsuru Wakiie said the vehicle's new architecture and propulsion choices represent engineering that will help the large SUV “maintain Mazda signature driving dynamics
Visnic, Bill
Asahi Kasei's concept electric shuttle is a rolling showcase of the supplier's materials and electronics innovations, with a strong focus on sustainability. Dubbed the AKXY2, it is “a complete vehicle design - exterior and interior,” Michael Franchy, director of North American Mobility at Asahi Kasei America, told SAE Media in Detroit. The AKXY2 showcases 18 technologies, including two collaborations with startup companies identified by Asahi Kasei's corporate venture-capital arm. Fifteen of the Asahi Kasei technologies either are in production or production-ready. “Everything visible, touchable and interactable is made from Asahi Kasei original or collaborative technology,” Franchy said. The concept emphasizes three overlapping themes: sustainability, satisfaction and society
Buchholz, Kami
An undeniable technical achievement since its U.S. launch for the 2001 model year, Toyota's Prius never has been able to shake its weenie-mobile reputation. It's an image formed largely by the combination off oddball, aerodynamics-first styling and the pursuit of ultimate fuel efficiency via low-power propulsion. With EVs looming as the propulsion endgame and attention to the 20th-century concept of “fuel-efficiency” waning, Toyota's said “enough!” The 2023 Prius bodywork now is smooth, low and sleek, so different that there's virtually no visual connection to its trippy forerunners. Under the hood is a larger, powered-up 4-cyl. engine and similarly boosted drive motor that, combined, take the Prius to 194 hp (196 hp for AWD models) - a 60% jump over the wheezy 121 combined hp of its predecessor. Almost paradoxically, though, the 2023 Prius still sips gasoline at pretty much the same pace - up to a 57 mpg (4.1L/100 km) combined rating for the most-efficient LE trim in front-wheel drive
Visnic, Bill
A set of multidisciplinary topology optimization (MTO) and fast validation method is discussed, which can be applied in the car body concept design stage. First, considering seven typical loading cases, optimized load path is obtained by MTO. Then an equivalent car body model is built up with new load path. In order to verify its linear and nonlinear performances quickly, original and optimized path models are established, respectively, by using macro elements. The results show that rigidity and collision performance of the optimized path are better than that of the original one. In the meantime, reduce the validation time from hours to minutes
Zhang, ZichunShi, Lei
The First Automotive CFD Prediction Workshop was held in December 2019 at St Anne’s College at the University of Oxford with the aim to assess the ability of a broad range of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to predict the flow over realistic automotive geometries. Here, results from 53 simulation data sets from 9 separate groups are analyzed for the open-source automotive DrivAer model (in the fastback and estate variants). The represented CFD approaches include Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approaches with a broad range of turbulence models, as well as scale-resolving approaches such as wall-modelled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) and hybrid RANS-LES methods (HRLM). A range of CFD codes was used, including commercial, academic, and open source. Compared to the two experimental data points, there was a large spread of CFD results. The difference between drag predictions among HRLM and RANS methods is significant, with an even larger mismatch for lift. The differences
Ashton, Neilvan Noordt, William
The design of the exterior body shape and structure of a solar-electric sports car which competed in the 2019 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge (BWSC) Cruiser Class is explored. A low-drag and low-lift aerodynamic shape with a coefficient of lift near zero and drag area of 0.16 m2 is developed as a primary focus around the constraints of a solar array, occupant space, and aesthetics. The maximally sized 5 m2 rearward tilted solar array capable of generating an expected event average power of 885 W influences the size and shape of the roof. The space for which two occupants are seated in the vehicle is developed to achieve a reclined occupant position that minimizes the vehicle frontal area. A carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and foam composite sandwich monocoque make up the structure of the vehicle at a mass of 59.53 kg. Factors of practicality and their compromises are also explored
McGregor, DuncanSamsons, AndrisMillar, MatthewPudney, PeterCurlis, SimonWatkins, Simon
The aerodynamic optimization process of cars requires multiple iterations between aerodynamicists and stylists. Response surface modeling and reduced-order modeling (ROM) are commonly used to eliminate the overhead due to computational fluid dynamics (CFD), leading to faster iterations. However, a primary drawback of these models is that they can work only on the parameterized geometric features they were trained with. This study evaluates if deep learning models can predict the drag coefficient (cd ) for an arbitrary input geometry without explicit parameterization. We use two similar data sets (total of 1000 simulations) based on the publicly available DrivAer geometry for training. We use a modified U-Net architecture that uses signed distance fields (SDF) to represent the input geometries. Our models outperform the existing models by at least 11% in prediction accuracy for the drag coefficient. We achieved this improvement by combining multiple data sets that were created using
Jacob, Sam JacobMrosek, MarkusOthmer, CarstenKöstler, Harald
Accelerometers are transducers, or sensors, that convert acceleration into an electrical signal that can be used for airframe, drive, and propulsion system vibration monitoring and analysis within vehicle health and usage monitoring systems. This document defines interface requirements for accelerometers and associated interfacing electronics for use in a helicopter Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS). The purpose is to standardize the accelerometer-to-electronics interface with the intent of increasing interchangeability among HUMS sensors/systems and reducing the cost of HUMS accelerometers. Although this interface was specified with an internally amplified piezoelectric accelerometer in mind for Airframe and Drive Train accelerometers, this does not preclude the use of piezoelectric accelerometer with remote charge amplifier or any other sensor technology that meets the requirements given in this specification. This SAE HUMS Accelerometer Interface Specification includes the
HM-1 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Committee
Recreational vehicles have a lot of potential consumers in China, especially the type C recreational vehicle is popular among consumers due to its advantages, prompting an increase in the production and sales volumes. The type C vehicle usually has a higher air drag than the common commercial vehicles due to its unique appearance. It can be reduced by optimizing the structural parameters, thus the energy consumed by the vehicle can be decreased. The external flow field of a recreational vehicle is analyzed by establishing its computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. The characteristic of the RV’s external flow field is identified based on the simulation result. The approximation models of the vehicle roof parameters and air drag and vehicle volume are established by the response surface method (RSM). The vehicle roof parameters are optimized by multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO). According to the comparison, the air drag is reduced by 2.89% and the vehicle volume is
Huang, BinWei, Xiaoxu
Self-soiling or surface contamination is usual phenomenon observed during rainy season wherein dirt on road are picked by rotating wheel and later released in air as fine particles. These released dirt particles are further carried by airflow around vehicle and as a result stick on vehicle exterior surfaces leading to surface contamination. Surface dirt contamination is one of critical issues that need consideration during early phase of vehicle development as vehicle styling plays a critical role for airflow around vehicle and therefore settling of dirt on vehicle exterior surfaces. Non consideration of such aspects in design can lead to safety issues with likely non-functioning of parking sensors, camera and visibility issues through ORVM, tailgate glass etc. Hence it is important to understand physical as well as digital techniques for assessment of vehicle for surface dirt contamination. This paper looks at means for accessing the surface contamination through physical test which
Gulavani, Rohan ArunChalipat, SujitSamples, Michael
IWMs can improve EV efficiency, dynamics, safety, and manufacturability - when unsprung mass is addressed in their design. Much of an IC engine-powered vehicle's ride, handling, sound and overall character derives from the engine. Some believe that electric vehicles (EVs), propelled by electric motors with no intake or exhaust sound and less gearing and NVH, limit the opportunity for vehicle differentiation. They argue that the powertrain will become a commodity and that competitive advantage will need to be achieved through other areas, such as styling and infotainment. I contend that the exception to this view is the in-wheel motor (IWM), a technology that enables quantum improvements in propulsion efficiency, ride dynamics, active safety, and vehicle design. IWMs enable “turn-on-a-dime” operation, a relevant feature for dense urban environments and safe vehicle entry/egress from the sidewalk. Moreover, the IWM has the potential to extend the revolution - started by the now
Borroni-Bird, Chris
Aerodynamic technologies for light-duty vehicles were evaluated through full-scale testing in a large low-blockage closed-circuit wind tunnel equipped with a rolling road, wheel rollers, boundary-layer suction and a system to generate road-representative turbulent flow. This work was part of a multi-year, multi-vehicle study commissioned by Transport Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada, and carried out in cooperation with the US EPA, to support the evaluation of light-duty-vehicle greenhouse-gas-emission regulations. A 2016 paper reported drag-reduction measurements for technologies such as active grille shutters, production and custom underbody treatments, air dams, ride height control and combinations of these. This paper describes an extension to that work and addresses vehicle aerodynamics in three ways. First, whole vehicle body-shaping changes were evaluated by adding older or newer generation models, representing distinct body style redesigns, of select vehicles of
de Souza, FenellaRaeesi, ArashBelzile, MarcCaffrey, CherylSchmitt, Andreas
Today, many car manufacturers and their suppliers are very interested in power-operated door handles, known as auto flush door handles. These handles have a distinguishing feature in terms of the way they operate. They are hidden in door skins and deployed automatically when users need to open the door. It is obvious that it is a major exterior styling point that makes customers interested in the vehicles that apply it. To make this auto flush door handle, however, there lie difficulties. First, because there is no sufficient space inside a door, applying these handles can be a constraint in exterior design unless the structures of them are kinematic optimized. The insufficient space can also cause problems in appearance of the handles when they are deployed. The purpose of this study is to establish the kinematic system of auto flush door handle to overcome the exterior handicaps such as the excessive exposure of the internal area on the deployed position. In order to resolve these
Han, JunghoKwak, KyoungtaekNam, JinwooJung, OktaeChung, Jinsang
This report will introduce a new engine sound design concept and propose a design process. In sound design for automotive development of popular vehicles, it is common to seek to enhance the state of the existing marketed vehicle in order to meet further demands from customers. For standout models such as sports vehicles and flagship vehicles, sound design commonly reflects the sound ideals of the manufacturer’s branding or engineers. Each case has common point that the sound direction is determined by itself clearly. However, in this way, it is difficult to create abstract concept sound. Because it is no direction for the sound. Therefore, this paper examines ways to achieve a new sound that satisfies a sound concept based on an unprecedented abstract concept “wood”. The reason why sound concept is “wood”, it is the difficult to make as a new engine sound and good study to reveal usefulness of new sound design process. Therefore, the authors devised a new sound design process that
Kondo, TakashiHara, SeijiTorii, KenjiYoshioka, KoichiTsuruta, TatsunoriSakaguchi, MotoyasuMiyazawa, Masaya
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