This paper is a new approach to improve road safety and traffic flow by combining vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. The Study is focused on a system that connects vehicles with each other and with traffic light to share real-time data about speed and position. This work is aimed to discuss the methodology adopted for developing a system which predicts and advises the optimal speed for vehicles approaching an intersection. Inspired by the Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) , the proposed system is designed to help drivers approach traffic signals at speeds that minimize unnecessary stops, reduce delays, and improve traffic efficiency. This paper contains the approach taken, the decision-making algorithm, and the simulation framework built in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the concept under real traffic conditions. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate how the system generates speed recommendations based on vehicle parameters

Pinto, Colin Aubrey, Shah, Ravindra, Karle, Ujjwala

Optimization of Frontal Impact Force Scheme to Accelerate the Target Setting Process for Development of Front-End Structures in Vehicles

2026-26-0001

To be published on 01/16/2026

A passenger vehicle's front-end structure's structural integrity and crashworthiness are crucial to ensure compliance with various frontal impact safety standards (such as those set by Euro NCAP & IIHS). For a new front-end architecture, design targets must be defined at a component level for crush cans, longitudinal, bumper beam, subframe, suspension tower and backup structure. The traditional process of defining these targets involves multiple sensitivity studies in CAE. This paper explores the implementation of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in component-level target setting. PINNs integrate the governing equations into neural network training, enabling data-driven models to adhere to fundamental mechanical principles. The underlying physics in our model is based upon a force scheme of a full-frontal impact. A force scheme is a one-dimensional representation of the front-end structure components that simplifies a crash event's complex physics. It uses the dimensional and

Gupta, Ishan, Bhatnagar, Abhinav, Kumar, Ayush

Efficiency Improvement of an Electric Vehicle e-Transaxle through Gear, Bearing, and Lubricant Optimization Strategies

2026-26-0053

To be published on 01/16/2026

Improving transaxle efficiency is vital for enhancing the overall performance and energy economy of electric vehicles. This study presents a systematic approach to minimizing power losses in a single-speed, two-stage reduction e-transaxle (standalone) by implementing a series of component-level design optimizations. The investigation begins with the replacement of conventional transmission oil with a next-generation low-viscosity transmission fluid. By adopting a lower-viscosity lubricant, the internal fluid resistance is reduced, leading to lower churning losses and improved efficiency across a wide range of operating conditions. Following this, attention is directed toward refining the gear macro-geometry to create a gear set with reduced power losses. This involves adjustments to parameters such as module, helix angle, pressure angle, and tooth count, along with the introduction of a positive profile shift. These modifications improve the contact pattern, lower sliding friction, and

Agrawal, Devesh, Bhardwaj, Abhishek, Bhandari, Kiran Kamlakar

Accurate Component Load Prediction with Hybrid Test-FEA Approach

2026-26-0366

To be published on 01/16/2026

Accurately determining the loads acting on a structure is critical for simulation tasks, especially in fatigue analysis. However, current methods for determining component loads using load cascade techniques and multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation models have intrinsic accuracy constraints because of approximations and measurement uncertainties. Moreover, constructing precise MBD models is a time-consuming process, resulting in long turnaround times. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more direct and precise approach to component load estimation that reduces efforts and time while enhancing accuracy. A novel solution has emerged to tackle these requirements by leveraging the structure itself as a load transducer [1]. Previous efforts in this direction faced challenges associated with cross-talk issues, but those obstacles have been overcome with the introduction of the "pseudo-inverse" concept. By combining the pseudo-inverse technique with the D-optimal algorithm

Pratap, Rajat, Apte, Sr., Amol, Babar, Ranjit

A Method to Improve the System Efficiency of an Electronic Drive Unit: Variable Switching Frequency-Loss Optimization

2026-26-0062

To be published on 01/16/2026

The design and improvement of electric motor and inverter systems is crucial for numerous industrial applications in electrical engineering. Accurately quantifying the amount of power lost during operation is a substantial challenge, despite the flexibility and widespread usage of these systems. Although it is typically used to assess the system’s efficiency, this does not adequately explain how or why power outages occur within these systems. This paper presents a new way to study power losses without focusing on efficiency. The goal is to explore and analyze the complex reasons behind power losses in both inverters and electric motors. The goal of this methodology is to systematically analyze the effect of the switching frequency on current ripple under varying operating conditions (i.e., different combinations of current and speed) and subsequently identify the optimum switching frequency for each case. In the end, the paper creates a complete model for understanding power losses

Banda, Gururaj, Sengar, Bhan

Comparative Analysis of Charger Identification Methods in Electric Truck Routing Algorithms

2026-26-0206

To be published on 01/16/2026

Optimizing Vehicle Routing is a key application for determining the most effective sequence of locations in electric trucks. This optimization not only enhances operational efficiency but also minimizes energy consumption and reduces overall costs. A critical aspect of Optimal Vehicle Routing is identifying charging stations along the route, particularly for electric vehicles with specific range requirements. The availability of these charging stations is crucial for maintaining the continuity of operations and preventing delays. This paper explores multiple methods for charger identification, simulating and comparing their effectiveness. The primary parameter for comparison are the energy consumption, throughput, and the energy efficiency of the routes generated by various methods, which directly impacts the feasibility of real-time applications in logistics. The results of this study provide insights into the efficiency of different charger identification methods within the Optimal

Bhat, Adithya, Prasad P, Shilpa, Kolakar, Rakshita, Myers, Michael, Klein, Fischer, Shrivastava, Himanshu

Development of an Optimized XCP Software Stack for Real-Time Validation of Vehicle Control Units Using Next-Generation Communication Protocols

2026-26-0190

To be published on 01/16/2026

With the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), ensuring the reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of power electronic subsystems such as onboard chargers, DC-DC converters, and vehicle control units (VCUs) has become a critical engineering focus. These components require thorough validation using precise calibration and communication protocols. This paper presents the development and implementation of an optimized software stack for the Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol (XCP), aimed at real-time validation of VCUs using next-generation communication methods such as CAN, CAN-FD, and Ethernet. The stack facilitates read/write access to the ECU’s internal memory in runtime, enabling efficient diagnostics, calibration, and parameter tuning without hardware modifications. It is designed to be modular, platform-independent, and compatible with microcontrollers across different EV platforms. By utilizing the ASAM-compliant protocol architecture, the proposed system

Uthaman, Sreekumar

Development of Busbar with New Locking Mechanism for High Voltage EV Battery Applications

2026-26-0155

To be published on 01/16/2026

In the development of high-voltage (HV) batteries, ensuring secure connections between HV conductors and maintaining the safety and performance of the battery pack is paramount. Therefore, In the pursuit of enhancing efficiency and reliability in electrical connections, this paper explores the innovative alternate for a traditional screwing method with a friction locking mechanism for connecting busbars. The novel design reimagines the busbar as a Friction clamp (Female part) that securely holds the male part of the Busbar, significantly increasing the contact surface area up to 50%. This enhanced surface area not only improves electrical conductivity but also addresses heat generation issues associated with traditional screw-based connection. By eliminating the need for screws, the new design streamlines the assembly process, resulting in reduced cycle times and improved overall assembly line efficiency. This study presents the design methodology, performance analysis, and potential

Venkatesh, Murali, Raghu, Arun, Bhramanna, Amol

A Strategic Approach to the Selection of Switchgear and Busbars for EV Battery Packs

2026-26-0165

To be published on 01/16/2026

With the rising adoption of electric vehicles, the need for robust and efficient power distribution systems has become increasingly important. As the battery pack is the primary energy source for an electric vehicle (EV), the strategy of selection of switchgears and busbars is paramount. Currently, the design and selection of battery protection and conducting components, such as switchgears and busbars are carried out primarily focusing on the continuous current and the peak current capabilities of the battery pack. Despite this approach ensuring that the components can withstand extreme conditions, it often results in over-engineering. The sizing should be such that it does not overdesign, which would result in unnecessary cost and material weight addition to the pack, ultimately leading to performance deterioration. As the current discharge from a battery pack is dynamic in nature and fluctuates based on driving conditions and usage a real-time heat generation studies have to be

Soman, Anu, satheesh, Goutham, K, Mathankumar

Optimizing Vehicle Dynamics: A Methodology for Reducing Correlation Gaps

2026-26-0091

To be published on 01/16/2026

Final design choices are frequently made early in the product development cycle in the fiercely competitive automotive sector. However, because of manufacturing tolerances design tolerances stiffness element fitment and other noise factors physical prototypes might show variations from nominal specifications. Significant performance differences (correlation gaps) between the digital twin representation produced during the design phase and real-world performance may result from these deviations. Measuring every system parameter repeatedly to take these variations into account can be expensive and impractical. The goal of this study is to identify important system parameters from system characteristic data produced by controlled dynamic testing to close the gap between digital and physical models. Dynamic load cases are carried out with a 4-poster test rig where vehicle responses are captured under controlled circumstances at different suspension locations. An ideal set of digital model

Verma, Rahul Ranjan, Goli, Naga Aswani Kumar, Prasad, Tej Pratap

A Novel Approach to Deep Drawing Using Hybrid System and Pneumatic-Assisted Forming

2026-26-0301

To be published on 01/16/2026

This paper presents a novel Plunger-Integrated Hybrid System aimed at enhancing the efficiency and performance of deep drawing operations in metal forming processes. The proposed hybrid system strategically combines the mechanical strength of metals with the elastic flexibility of polymers, specifically polyurethane rubber, to improve formability and reduce spring-back, two critical challenges in conventional sheet metal forming. A novel two-stage forming technique is employed, an initial drawing operation using a larger radius with polyurethane rubber, followed by final radius formation using the same rubber in conjunction with a pneumatic cylinder. This integrated approach ensures uniform force distribution via the embedded plunger, significantly minimizing forming defects and enhancing the dimensional accuracy of the final components. The solution has been validated using Finite Element (FE) simulation methods, confirming its capability to produce high-quality parts suitable for

Chava, Seshadri Reddy, Singh, Prakhar, Dhanajkar, Narendra, Roy, Amlan, Raju, Gokul

Determining Optimal Suspension & Body in White Mountings to maximize Off-Road Capability of Passenger Vehicles

2026-26-0098

To be published on 01/16/2026

The automotive market trend is shifting more and more to SUVs and crossovers. This, therefore, means increasing consumer demand for off-road abilities in passenger vehicles. While dedicated off-road platforms provide a path to performance robustness, getting the same level of functionality out of a passenger vehicle with minimal architectural changes proves to be a great feat for engineers. One highly critical performance determinant in the domain of off-road ability is wheel articulation, it requires independent movement capacity of the wheels to keep contact and stability over uneven terrain. Traditional articulations found in passenger car suspensions—created for comfort, packaging, and on-road dynamics—are limited by suspension geometry, damper alignment as well as compliance setup. Damper side loads- were not considered a significant factor in suspension systems that are operating within their original intended design envelope for on-road use. However, when the vehicle is taken

Siddiqui, Arshad, Iqbal, Shoaib, Dwivedi, Sushil

Simulation-Driven Load Spectrum Prediction: Virtual RLDA for Chassis and Suspension System

2026-26-0095

To be published on 01/16/2026

In the rapidly evolving and highly competitive automotive industry, manufacturers are under immense pressure to bring products to market quickly while meeting customer expectations. As a result, optimizing the product development timeline has become essential. Structural integrity analysis for chassis and suspension systems lies in the accurate acquisition of operational load spectra, conventionally executed through Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) on instrumented vehicles subjected to proving ground excitation. At this point, RLDA is mainly used for final validation and fine-tuning. If any performance shortfalls, such as premature component failure or durability issues, are discovered, they often trigger design revisions, prototype rework, and additional testing. This study proposes a Virtual Road Load Data Acquisition (vRLDA) methodology employing a high-fidelity full-vehicle multibody dynamic (MBD) representation developed in Adams Car. The system is parameterized and uses high

Goli, Naga Aswani Kumar, Prasad, Tej Pratap

Optimizing Collision Warnings: A Shift from Time to Collide to Time to Brake

2026-26-0047

To be published on 01/16/2026

In automotive safety systems, Time to Collide (TTC) is traditionally used to trigger warnings in auto-emergency braking systems. However, TTC can lead to premature or inaccurate warnings as it is calculated based on the relative speed and distance between the ego and an obstacle. TTC does not consider the vehicle’s braking dynamics, such as brake prefill lag which varies across different vehicles, maximum deceleration, and the effectiveness of braking systems and assumes constant speed which may not always be realistic. We propose Time to Brake (TTB) as a more effective parameter for driver warnings. TTB directly relates to the action a driver needs to take—braking. It provides a clear indication of when braking should begin to avoid a collision, whereas TTC only tells us about the possibility of a collision. To calculate TTB we utilize the brake profile, which incorporates both deceleration and system jerk for improved accuracy. The proposed warning time is the sum of variable brake

Singh, Ashutosh Prakash, Kumawat, Himanshu, Gupta, Sara