Browse Topic: Optimization

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Finite Element Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Chassis Using ANSYS2026-99-03438/14/2026
Amid the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the vehicle frame, as the core load-bearing component of the entire vehicle, plays a direct role in the vehicle’s safety, lightweight design, and power performance through its design and performance. Although research on new energy vehicle frames has matured, issues related to the lightweighting of drive shaft-associated structures and the balance between weight reduction and strength/stiffness still require in-depth exploration. This study focuses on the chassis of new energy vehicles, utilizing Q295 low-alloy high-strength steel. Based on the vehicle’s dimensions and mass parameters, a simplified 3D model was constructed using SolidWorks. Static analysis under bending and torsion conditions, along with a 6th-order modal analysis, was conducted using ANSYS software. Based on the analysis results, optimizations were implemented at both structural and material levels: structurally, the central crossbeam was widened, holes were opened on the crossbeam’s vertical plane to reduce weight, and the longitudinal beam welding process was optimized; materially, Q295 steel was retained in high-stress zones, while aluminum alloy replaced it in low-stress zones. The optimized frame achieved a 15% reduction in torsional stress, a 16% decrease in bending stress, a 2% reduction in torsional deformation, and a 3% decrease in bending deformation. Total mass decreased by 12.7 kg, with both strength and stiffness meeting design requirements. This approach synergistically enhances frame lightweighting and performance, providing technical support for optimizing the overall performance of new energy vehicles.
Guo, Lihong, Wang, Yiyou, Yang, Zihao
Bi-Directional Evolutionary Topology Optimization Design for Rib Structures2026-99-03148/14/2026
The performance of modern high-speed aircraft is intrinsically linked to structural mass. As a key component that generates lift, the shape and lightweight of the wing are crucial for improving aircraft performance. This study employs the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method to perform topology optimization on the wingrib structure of a modern high-speed fighter aircraft. Minimize the overall strain energy as the objective and use the wing rib volume fraction as the constraint to perform topology optimization design on the wing ribs. Based on element stress/strain energy density criteria, the method iteratively adds or removes material to efficiently construct optimal load-transfer paths within the rib configuration. Following the redesign according to the optimized topology, the structural mass was reduced by 39.236% while satisfying strength and stiffness constraints. Results demonstrate that the BESO methodology effectively generates high-efficiency load-bearing configurations for wing ribs, significantly improving material utilization efficiency and structural performance while substantially reducing wing mass. This research provides an effective approach for lightweight design and performance enhancement of critical load-bearing structures in modern high-speed aircraft.
Zhou, Lei, Wang, Wei, Gong, Quanwei, Zhou, Jingchao, Guan, Shenxiaoge
Optimization and Control of Mechanical Testing for Batch-Produced Manned Spacecraft2026-99-03128/14/2026
To safely, efficiently, and high-quality complete the mechanical testing of batch-produced manned spacecraft during the China Space Station (CSS) phase, a series of optimization measures were proposed based on system engineering principles. These measures cover the entire mechanical testing process from preparation to implementation, including: establishing a standardized mechanical testing documentation system; reducing the number of mechanical sensors that do not affect result evaluation; pre-identifying and measuring background noise; digitizing test notching and evaluation methods; and standardizing and automating testing procedures. Additionally, targeted measures for test safety and quality control were implemented, including regular inspections of reusable spacecraft components, strict control of test hazards and operational risks, and standardized management of ground support equipment (GSE) through regular inspections. The proposed optimization and control measures have been validated through applications in batch-produced manned spacecraft during the CSS phase. The results show that: the generalization rate of mechanical testing documentation exceeds 80%; the number of mechanical sensors has been reduced by more than 10%; the test preparation period has been shortened by over 4 days; test efficiency has been improved by 30%; the single-direction test duration has been reduced by more than 50%; and the total test cycle has been shortened by 25%. These results indicate that the proposed optimization and control measures are reasonable and feasible, which effectively reduces redundant test operations and items, lowers potential test risks, improves test efficiency, shortens the overall test cycle, enhances test safety, and ensures the high-quality completion of mechanical testing for batch-produced manned spacecraft.
Peng, Huakang, Wang, Mengchen
Research on Wind-Induced Vibration Response of Heavy Cargo Ropeways for Power Transmission Lines2026-99-03308/14/2026
The construction of overhead power transmission lines in remote mountainous regions frequently relies on aerial ropeway systems, as conventional ground transportation is often impractical. However, complex terrain conditions combined with highly variable wind environments can significantly threaten the operational stability and structural safety of these cargo ropeway systems. To investigate these effects, a refined finite element model of a ropeway support was developed in ANSYS, and stochastic, time-varying wind fields were generated in MATLAB. The simulated wind time histories were applied to the numerical model to perform nonlinear transient dynamic analyses, enabling the evaluation of wind-induced displacement responses under different wind angles of attack. Based on the simulated response histories, critical stress- and displacement-sensitive regions of the support structure were identified, and the implications for structural detailing and design optimization of cargo ropeway supports were discussed.
Lv, Yanfeng, Yang, Zhonglv, Sun, Minggang, Jin, Hengdong
Research on Asymmetric Gear Stiffness2026-99-03328/14/2026
To meet the need for optimizing the dynamic performance of asymmetric gear transmissions operating under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, this study presents a refined stiffness modeling approach. A tooth-surface contact stiffness model is formulated based on Hertzian contact theory. By integrating the energy method, a coupled stiffness model is established that incorporates bending, shear, axial compression, and foundation stiffness components. Stable curves depicting the variation of mesh stiffness with the path of contact are subsequently derived by leveraging the principle of stiffness superposition. The findings demonstrate that the proposed mathematical model accurately represents the stiffness behavior of asymmetric gears as governed by the changing contact length, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing gear dynamics and extending the service life of transmission systems.
Zhao, Zeyi, Sun, Xiaoyan, Wu, Ziheng, Tang, Xin, Liu, Yanxia, Li, Fajia
Research on Optimizing Mars Atmospheric Capture Approach Trajectories Based on the Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm2026-99-03078/14/2026
To strictly balance orbital insertion precision with engineering constraints during Mars aerocapture, we present an angle-of-attack (AoA) trajectory optimization framework based on adaptive differential evolution. First, a three-degree-of-freedom flight dynamics model was established utilizing the Mars-GRAM 2024 atmospheric standard. Subsequently, we formulated a penalty function centered on apoapsis altitude deviation to enable constraint-oriented dynamic optimization. Within this framework, we introduced an adaptive, direction-guided mutation strategy that integrates global optimal individuals with elite solutions. Furthermore, a parameter update mechanism driven by mutation success rates was developed to significantly enhance algorithmic robustness and computational efficiency. The AoA command sequence for the capture phase was parameterized using a piecewise constant formulation. Comparative simulations under ±30% atmospheric uncertainty demonstrate that, within critical velocity ranges, our improved algorithm elevates the trajectory altitude by approximately 36 km compared to fixed AoA methods. Notably, it reduces convergence time by 50% while strictly adhering to spacecraft physical performance boundaries. These results underscore the method's capability to provide robust, high-precision orbital adjustment support for aerocapture missions in uncertain atmospheric environments.
Tao, Kemeng
Research on the Assembly Sequence Planning Algorithm under Cabin and System Constraints2026-99-03458/14/2026
Assembly sequence planning is a crucial part of process preparation in aircraft final assembly. A scientifically designed assembly sequence can significantly improve assembly efficiency and reduce costs in aircraft production. Efficient planning not only streamlines the workflow but also minimizes potential errors and rework, which are critical in high-stakes aviation manufacturing. This paper examines the constraint relationships in aircraft assembly from the perspectives of cabin constraints and system constraints, covering both spatial layout restrictions and functional logical dependencies to ensure the comprehensiveness of constraint analysis. It establishes a directed graph for the aircraft assembly outline and generates the corresponding adjacency matrix, which converts the complex constraint relationships into a structured mathematical expression for easier subsequent algorithmic processing. The Warshall algorithm and Johnson algorithm are used to check and extract contradictory constraints from the directed graph. The adjacency matrix is then employed to calculate the reachability matrix, which helps identify redundant constraints and reduces the computational effort in assembly sequence planning. Finally, the optimized constraint relationships are used to calculate the aircraft’s final assembly sequence, which generates a Gantt chart for assembly sequence planning, guiding the on-site assembly order and accelerating aircraft development efficiency. The integrated approach effectively addresses the key challenges in complex aircraft assembly sequence planning.
Guo, Jingjing, Cun, Wenyuan, Zhao, Jiong, Yu, Yang, Yang, Rui, Yu, Long
Research on the Cumulative Damage Mechanism of Special Equipment Steel Structures Based on Complex Load2026-99-10118/7/2026
Steel structures subjected to complex loading conditions undergo various types of damage, including fatigue, crack propagation, plastic deformation, and corrosion. As time and loads accumulate, these damages may lead to structural failure. The investigation of the damage mechanisms and constitutive models for special equipment steel structures under complex loading has been a significant challenge in engineering. This study develops a constitutive model for steel structure damage under static and dynamic loads, as well as vibration disturbances, through a normalization approach. The proposed model is validated via simulation to assess its feasibility. The findings offer a theoretical foundation for the design, life prediction, and health monitoring of steel structures in special equipment, aiming to enhance their safety and reliability. This research provides critical insights into damage analysis, failure prediction, and the optimization of repair strategies for steel structures, with significant practical implications in engineering applications.
Wang, Jun, Yu, Zhen, Huang, Yong-qiang, Chen, Wei-bi
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Temperature Effects on the Hot Deformation and Microstructural Evolution of Al-Mg-Si Aluminum Alloy2026-99-10108/7/2026
In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are applied to systematically examine the influence of varying temperatures (300 K, 500 K, and 700 K) on the Elevated-temperature compression behavior and micromechanical characteristics of polycrystalline Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy. A nanopolycrystalline model was established to analyze the stress–strain response, dislocation evolution, and crystal structure changes occurring during the deformation process. The simulation results show that the yield strength and elastic modulus both decline as temperature increases, indicating a pronounced thermal softening effect. During the early stage of plastic deformation, dislocations mainly have their nucleation sites at grain boundaries and then propagate into the grain interiors, where they form interconnected networks along with stacking faults and twin structures. This work reveals the thermal deformation mechanisms of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy at the atomic scale and provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of its hot-working processes.
Sun, Ruifeng, Liu, Shoukui, Wang, Rui, Sun, Xuemei, Ding, Shuli, Ma, Xiaofei
Structural Optimization Design and Experimental Study of a Shipboard Cabinet2026-99-09018/7/2026
The shipboard cabinet is an important carrier of radar equipment. It is necessary to ensure a good working environment and provide maximum support and protection for the internal equipment. In this paper, a shipboard cabinet that can realize a parallel heat dissipation architecture was taken as the object. The natural frequency and mode were used to find the area where the cabinet was prone to high-frequency vibration under impact excitation. The response characteristics of the cabinet under strong impact conditions were studied using a nonlinear transient dynamic analysis method. The weak links in the cabinet structure were identified, and the structural reinforcement design was carried out. After optimization, the maximum stress value of the cabinet was significantly reduced, and the safety factor was greater than 1.5. Finally, the effectiveness of the structural optimization was verified through experiments. The cabinet vibration isolation system was optimized and selected to ensure that it has good vibration isolation characteristics and impact response. The vibration isolation performance of the wire mesh isolator and the non-resonant peak isolator in the shipboard vibration and impact environment was verified by experiments. The impact transmissibility is less than 0.3, and the vibration transmissibility is less than 1.5, which can further improve the vibration and impact resistance of the shipboard cabinet.
Ni, Xiaokang, Jiang, Bo, Zhang, Liangjuan, Wu, Jingkai
Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Ship Propulsion Shaft System in Ice Area Based on NSWOA Algorithm2026-99-01527/31/2026
Ship propulsion shaft systems are subjected to ice load excitation when ships are navigating in polar ice regions. Compared to conventional hydrodynamic effects, the ice load imposes higher requirements on the shaft system’s ability to withstand torsional stresses. To improve the power of the ship propulsion system when sailing in ice areas and reduce the power loss of the shaft system, while considering the vibration performance. In this paper, a multi-objective optimal design of the shaft system is carried out using the Non-dominated Sorted Whale Optimization Algorithm (NSWOA) to reduce stresses on both the motor shaft and the intermediate shaft. The coupled system model of motor-shaft system-propeller structural components is established, and the system dynamics response model is obtained by solving using the Newmark-β method. Based on the response model, a multi-objective whale optimization algorithm is used to optimize the power and vibration performance of the shaft system simultaneously. The optimized results show that the shaft system transfer efficiency is improved by 0.27%, and the stress at the shaft end is reduced by 11.8% and 12.3% respectively.
Hu, Chuanxi, Li, Yao, Pan, Shuxian, Liu, Zhiyong, Xie, Yuteng, Ye, Jun, Zhou, Ruiping
Optimization of Pneumatic Conveying Elbows to Reduce Grain Particle Normal Contact Forces via CFD-DEM Coupling Method2026-99-01167/31/2026
This study presents a refined design for pneumatic conveying pipelines, featuring a grooved structure at the bend aimed at reducing particle breakage during transportation. Using soybean particles as a focus, the research employs a gas-solid two-phase flow approach to explore how different groove depths and widths influence the breakage rate. We used CFD-DEM simulation techniques, combining fluid mechanics with discrete element modeling to achieve a more accurate representation of particle motion and collision forces during expressing. Based on these simulations, we identified the most effective combination of groove width and spacing. Experimental results showed that a groove width of 4.5 mm coupled with a 40 mm spacing could decrease impact forces on particles by approximately 5% to 10% at expressing speeds of 15 m/s and 20 m/s. Throughout all measured time intervals, the impact forces remained stable, with turbulence exerting minimal influence on the particle forces.
Luo, Xinhao, Yang, Tiancheng, Huang, Bo, Mao, Genwu, Dong, Deliang, Shi, Heng, Li, Xiaoliang, He, Bo
Fatigue Life Prediction and Improvement of Supporting Structures under Cyclic Highpressure Impact2026-99-01157/31/2026
Under cyclic ultra-high-pressure impact loads, structures often experience local fractures due to insufficient initial fatigue life (low-cycle fatigue). This article focused on a certain ultra-high-pressure support structure and established a dynamic model based on load transfer characteristics to simulate the transient stress-strain response under impact loads. On this basis, a low-cycle fatigue life evaluation method was used to predict the fatigue life of the structure about 362 times, which was significantly different from the required indicators for structural fatigue life. In response to the problem of high loadbearing capacity on the structural support surface and significant stress concentration at the root, the structural load-bearing method has been optimized. Calculation analysis showed that after optimization, the structural stress was greatly improved, the bearing capacity of the support surface was reduced by 25 %, and the fatigue life of the structure was increased from 362 times to 4208 times, an increase of about 10 times. The optimized structure has been verified through 2000 tests without any fracture, meeting the requirements for the service life of the structure.
Wang, Shuman, Ning, Bianfang, Ma, Amin, Zhang, Fanfan
Stewart Platform Position and Attitude Error Compensation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization2026-99-01047/31/2026
The six-degree-of-freedom Stewart platform, as a high-precision parallel robot, is widely used in fields such as aerospace and precision manufacturing. However, its complex structure and diverse sources of error (such as manufacturing errors, assembly errors, rod deformation, etc.) make it difficult to effectively control position and attitude errors. This article proposes a Stewart platform position and attitude error compensation method, relying on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. By establishing a position and attitude error model for the platform and optimizing the driving joint error using the IPSO optimization, the position and attitude error of the platform have been significantly reduced, providing a new solution for error compensation of high-precision parallel robots.
Zhu, Ming, Wang, Baichao
Micro-Groove Fabrication and Simulation Analysis on PEEK Surface under UV Nanosecond Laser Irradiation2026-99-02257/31/2026
This study investigates the interaction mechanism between ultraviolet nanosecond pulsed lasers and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). By integrating finite element simulations with experimental validation, the work explores the laser microtexturing characteristics of PEEK surfaces and evaluates the influence of microtextures on the material’s surface biocompatibility. First, the interaction between the laser and the PEEK polymer was analyzed, and a laser ablation model was established using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation platform. Using finite element simulation, the effects of spot overlap ratio were investigated by adjusting the average laser power, while the influence of single-pulse energy on the ablation characteristics of the PEEK surface was examined by varying the scanning speed. Subsequently, ultraviolet nanosecond laser processing experiments were conducted on planar PEEK microtextures based on the simulation results. Taking surface microgrooves on PEEK as representative structures, the variations in groove depth and width under different combinations of laser parameters were analyzed. The parameters, including average laser power, scanning speed, and repetition frequency, were optimized to identify processing conditions that yield stable depth and width, along with good surface flatness. Finally, experiments have initially verified that the microtextured PEEK surface may improve biocompatibility and regulate surface wettability to a certain extent.
Wu, Yifan, Wang, Xiaohui, Han, Yujie, Jin, Shuo
Connectivity-Constrained Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing2026-99-01907/31/2026
Topology optimization (TO), while powerful for generating high-performance structural layouts, often yields designs with enclosed voids that hinder manufacturability in powder-based additive manufacturing (AM). To address this, this paper proposes an Adaptive Virtual Temperature Field (AVTF) method that enforces the connectivity constraint. The approach integrates a projection-based density filtering and flood fill algorithm to detect enclosed voids, combined with an adaptive penalty scheme that autonomously adjusts the virtual temperature penalty factor to eliminate disconnected regions. AVTF operates via a low-cost geometric feedback mechanism. Numerical examples demonstrate that the method effectively eliminates enclosed voids with only a marginal increase in compliance while significantly reducing the maximum virtual temperature. The resulting designs exhibit fully connected material layouts, ensuring powder removability. The method provides a practical and robust pathway toward AM-ready topology optimization, bridging the gap between structural performance and manufacturability.
Zhou, Han
Modelling Failure Propagation in Material-Driven Collaborative Manufacturing Networks Using Cellular Automata2026-99-01207/31/2026
Collaborative manufacturing networks enhance production efficiency but are increasingly vulnerable to cascading failures due to their complex interdependencies, particularly in critical processes like gear manufacturing. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a dynamic modelling framework based on Cellular Automata. Utilizing manufacturing resource and task scheduling data, a material flow-driven Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is constructed to capture the network’s hierarchical topology. Key innovations include state transition rules with memory effects, where dynamic failure probability integrates neighbouring node states and historical failure records, governing normal node failure, recovery, and re-failure (with an attenuation factor reflecting enhanced resilience). The case study focusing on the gear manufacturing industry, through simulations on a 100-node gear production network, reveals spatiotemporal failure propagation patterns. By implementing resource redundancy configuration and material flow optimization, iterations generally converge around 35 steps, demonstrating significant self-recovery potential and strong network robustness in collaborative manufacturing networks. This approach provides a scientifically grounded tool for identifying cascading risks in collaborative manufacturing networks.
Bai, Hao, Kou, Zhida, Liang, Jingya, Zhang, Cheng
Design and Optimization of Hollow Rotating Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor Based on Laser Beam Expander2026-99-01547/31/2026
To meet the critical need for rapid response and miniaturization in laser beam expander drive systems, this study proposes an innovative actuation solution based on a hollow rotary traveling-wave ultrasonic motor. By thoroughly analyzing the optical adjustment mechanism of laser beam expanders and the electromechanical coupling behavior of ultrasonic motors, the motor structure was systematically optimized. Using a multiphysics coupling approach, the performance of stators fabricated from three distinct materials was compared, and parametric optimization was conducted. Experimental verification confirms that the developed ultrasonic motor precisely matches the load characteristics of beam-expanding optics while fulfilling the stringent requirements for both fast response and compact design. This research provides a reference for the miniaturization drive of high-precision optical systems, with promising applications in space optics and precision instrumentation.
Qiu, Haihui, Niu, Chuanhu, Xiao, Zhong, Xu, Zhangfan, Li, Jialiang, Pan, Song
Research on Failure Analysis of Aircraft Windshield Outer Layer Fracture Caused by Arc Fault2026-99-01287/31/2026
The malfunction of the aircraft windshield electric heating system, particularly arc discharge, poses a serious threat to flight safety by causing glass breakage. A systematic study was conducted on the causes and effects of arc faults on windshield structural integrity, employing macroscopic observation, microscopic analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) following a windshield fracture incident. The results indicate that arc discharge typically occurs at the interface between the heating film busbar and adjacent structures. Localized high temperatures cause the outer glass to fracture, generating radial cracks. The ablation of the busbar silver coating and the carbonization of the PVB interlayer are direct evidence of arc action, whereas the heating wire remains a passive component affected by the high-temperature environment. The fault is primarily attributed to local disbonding at the busbar interface and moisture ingress. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed for process optimization and inspection method improvement, providing a basis for the safe design and maintenance of windshield structures.
Chen, Li, Feng, Yanpeng, Ding, Keqin
Comfort Study of Air Suspension System Based on MPC Control2026-99-01367/31/2026
Air springs are increasingly replacing traditional shock absorbers in vehicle suspension systems due to their superior mechanical properties, including adjustable stiffness, nonlinear characteristics, and excellent damping performance. To further explore the potential of air suspension in improving ride comfort, this paper focuses on air suspension. We first conducted mechanical characteristic experiments on air springs to obtain their stiffness and damping characteristics under different inflation pressures and excitation frequencies. These tests provide essential mechanical parameters for subsequent modeling and simulation. Based on the experimental data, a simplified 1/4 air suspension simulation model is constructed, taking into account the nonlinear stiffness and damping properties of the air springs. To simulate real-world driving conditions, a random road surface model is introduced as the excitation input. Simulation analysis is conducted to compare the air suspension system with the traditional passive suspension system. The results indicate that, compared to the passive suspension system, the air suspension system integrated with Model Predictive Control(MPC) significantly reduces key performance indicators, including suspension deflection, wheel dynamic load, and sprung mass vertical acceleration. This indicates that the suspension with model predictive control can effectively suppress vehicle vibrations, thereby enhancing ride comfort and driving stability. The results of this study provide an important basis for the optimal design of air suspension systems and have practical application value for improving the suspension performance of the vehicle.
Yin, Zhi
Identification of Uncertain Parameters in the Dynamics Model of a Rotary Storage Mechanism Using the Stellar Oscillation Optimization Algorithm2026-99-01487/31/2026
The rotary storage mechanism is a critical component responsible for transferring cylindrical units. To accurately simulate the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of the rotary storage mechanism, a dynamics model incorporating uncertain parameters is established based on the Lagrange method. Utilizing an optimization approach, uncertain parameters of the rotary storage mechanism are identified based on test data. The Stellar Oscillation Optimization (SOO) algorithm is employed, which balances exploration and exploitation by simulating the periodic expansion and contraction of stars to achieve optimal solutions. The results show that the output of the identified dynamics model under two operating conditions closely matches the test data, validating the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the identification process. This provides strong support for subsequent reliability analysis and fault diagnosis studies of the rotary storage mechanism.
Li, Ang, Chen, Guangsong, Huang, Peng, Li, Hanning
Design and Optimization of an External Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor with a Three-Segment Non-Uniform Halbach Array2026-99-01537/31/2026
To further enhance the performance of the drive unit motor, a novel three-segment non-uniform Halbach array magnetic pole structure is proposed, which is applied to an external rotor permanent magnet motor with magnetic pole optimization. First, the overall motor design is carried out according to the requirements, determining the fundamental parameters of the motor. Then, four common magnetic pole structures—conventional arc-shaped, three-segment, Halbach array, and three-segment non-uniform Halbach array—are analyzed. A finite element analysis model of the motor is established for electromagnetic analysis, comparing the air-gap flux density, torque, and torque ripple of the four magnetic pole structures. Finally, optimized parameters for the stator and rotor tooth shapes are determined, and an optimization model is established. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed to optimize the stator and rotor tooth shapes. After optimization, the motor maintains its torque output while reducing torque ripple by 50%, effectively improving its performance.
Zhao, Changle, Yang, Liu
Study on the Contact Stress Distribution and Calculation Method of Cylindrical Roller Bearings Considering Clearance Changes2026-99-01247/31/2026
The distribution of contact stress in roller bearings has a significant impact on operational performance and safety. Firstly, we established a bearing clearance change model that combines interference fit and thermal expansion effects. Then, we studied the clearance changes of key parameters’ influence under different operating conditions. Using Hertz contact theory, we analyze the nonlinear coupling relationship between clearance changes, load distribution, and contact stress. Through MATLAB analytical calculations, load and stress distribution contour maps were obtained under typical operating conditions, which provided theoretical support for bearing optimization design and reliability analysis. The result depicts that an increase in interference fit and temperature difference leads to clearance decrease, triggering a redistribution of contact stress. As clearance decreases, the maximum contact stress exhibits a nonlinear growth trend. To further enhance engineering practicality, this paper uses the MATLAB platform to develop a visualization of digital image processing software. The software enables interactive analysis throughout the entire process of clearance input, stress calculation, and graphical display.
Pang, Yiqing, Cai, Hongbin, Ren, Siyang
The Protective Mechanism of Polyurea/Aramid Fiber Reinforced Steel Pipes against Implosion-Induced Multi-Physical Field Loads2026-99-01357/31/2026
This paper studies the protective performance of polyurea-coated steel pipes and aramid fiber-wound steel pipes under the multi-physical field load of internal explosion by combining experiments with numerical simulation. The experimental results show that applying aramid fiber winding has a limited effect on improving the anti-explosion performance of steel pipes, while polyurea-coated steel pipes exhibit better anti-explosion performance under the coupled load of shock waves and fragments. Simulation analysis reveals the protective mechanism of composite structures in terms of energy absorption and stress distribution, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal design of blast-resistant vessels.
Tian, Xiangpeng, Wang, Tao, Bian, Xiaobing, Huang, Guangyan
Optimization Design of the Lifting Platform Mechanism for a Sand 3D Printing Equipment2026-99-01407/31/2026
This paper addresses the stiffness issue of a lifting platform mechanism in a sand mold 3D printing device through finite element analysis (FEA) and proposes a multi-faceted optimization design approach. A finite element model of the lifting platform was established to analyze its stress and deformation distribution under extreme working conditions, revealing that the maximum deformation occurred at the platform edges. Based on the analysis results, structural design optimization, topology optimization of the top plate, and multi-objective parameter optimization of the bracket were implemented, significantly improving the platform's stiffness. After optimization, the maximum deformation of the lifting platform was reduced by 51.6%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results indicate that this approach has strong practical engineering value and can serve as a reference for optimizing similar structures.
Hong, Haichun, Yang, Wenliang, Xu, Jifu, Wang, Haitao, Jing, Wenxia, Niu, Longlong, Wang, Zhibing
Researching on Small Deformation Control Technology of Large Vertical Vacuum Vessels2026-99-01767/31/2026
This paper investigated the small deformation control of a large vertical vacuum vessel, a critical component in aerospace testing with stringent deformation limits under specific test conditions. Building on engineering experience and economic considerations, we designed oversized and multi-array external reinforcement rings tailored to the vessel’s spatial geometry to enhance its stiffness and stability. A novel integrated structural design was proposed, which mechanically couples the vacuum vessel with the concrete foundation via embedded components, specifically, by configuring optimized embedded parts at the vessel’s base and external reinforcement ring bottom, and then welding and binding these parts to the foundation’s embedded elements. This design significantly boosted the vertical vessel’s overall structural strength, rigidity, and stability. Ansys Workbench was used to simulate and analyze the vacuum vessel under different experimental conditions, and finite element simulations of the vessel under diverse experimental conditions validated that the integrated design achieves low stress and minimal deformation, compliant with test requirements. Post-installation deformation measurements further confirmed good agreement between experimental data and simulation results, verifying the model’s accuracy. The proposed fixed support structure addresses the limitations of traditional support systems for small-deformation applications and offers a new design paradigm for vertical vessel supports in high-precision engineering scenarios.
Bo, Yang, Shizeng, Lv, Xiao, Hao, Jie, Gong
A New Ternary Phase Diagram Prediction Descriptor Combined with Machine Learning Research2026-99-01807/31/2026
The morphological characteristics of ternary phase diagrams play a pivotal role in optimizing material properties and facilitating the design of novel alloys. In this study, machine learning (ML) is used to predict the number of phases in ternary alloy systems. A new feature descriptor for phase diagram prediction is proposed in ML, which includes the characteristics of element properties, thermodynamic properties of materials and CALPHAD parameters. Initially, this study constructed a dataset comprising various feature descriptors and validated their correctness employing ML models such as LRC, SVM, RFC, Bagging and GBDT. Subsequently, comparing the performance of different models, and the better-performing models Bagging and GBDT were selected for further prediction studies. The models were fine-tuned using grid search and random search methods to optimize their predictive performance. Ultimately, by predicting phase diagram data for multiple ternary systems at different temperatures, the accuracy rate near the temperature range of the given experimental data was approximately 82%. This demonstrates phase diagram descriptors in conjunction with machine learning to predict ternary phase diagram proposed in this study is practicable. The predicted data also provide guidance for experimental determination of phase diagrams and lay the foundation for future material design and optimization.
Fan, Hanchao, Su, Yu, Jin, Zongxiao, Li, Jun, Lee, Soowohn, Tang, Jianguo, Fu, Huaqing, Du, Zhi
Optimized Design of High-Q RF MEMS Resonator2026-99-01777/31/2026
A high-performance dual-ring RF MEMS breathing mode capacitive resonator is proposed, which achieves a 143.56% improvement in its quality factor (Q) through structural optimization. The structure of the resonator includes three main innovations: (1) reducing the anchor contact area to minimize the propagation loss of elastic waves, (2) optimizing anchor positioning to improve energy positioning, and (3) owning an inherent support structure that effectively avoids vibration energy coupling into the substrate. The design modifications were thoroughly investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulations, and each method exhibited unique Q-value improvements through parameterized modeling of anchor loss contributions. In the design of MEMS resonators, these three methods are integrated synergistically into a resonator structure for the first time, preserving excellent breathing-mode operation while significantly suppressing energy dissipation mechanisms. The performance of the device has been further improved through a new differential amplification circuit that effectively mitigates feedthrough capacitance interference, representing a key achievement toward signal integrity in capacitive MEMS resonators. Computer analysis shows that the optimized resonator maintains constant oscillation characteristics while increasing the Q factor by 143.56% compared to traditional designs. The simulation results also demonstrate the generality of this method, indicating that it can be easily extended to MEMS resonators at other frequencies to enhance Q values. Targeted frequency response measurements confirm the effectiveness of structural modifications in suppressing anchor losses while maintaining mechanical stability. This work provides extensive design recommendations for high-Q MEMS resonator design, indicating that carefully optimizing a set of structural parameters can greatly improve performance. The provided method, validated through experimental finite element analysis of the system, is a resonator optimization model across MEMS structures. The 143.56% improvement in Q-value demonstrated in this work represents an important advancement in MEMS resonator technology, with potential applications in high-stability frequency generation and high-sensitivity quality detection.
Qian, Rui, Peng, Huili, Liu, Sha, Wang, Chao, Qiao, Zhifeng
Implementation Strategies of Requirements Engineering in Commercial Aircraft Airframe Forward Design2026-99-01837/31/2026
Focusing on the requirements engineering activities, this study analyzed the problems in the implementation process of the forward design practice of commercial aircraft airframe, introduced the breakthrough methods, including the convergence and integration with the traditional design process, the supporting work organization model, process optimization, and specification, and proposed the airframe stakeholder need capture model based on the theory of systems engineering. Practice has shown that the requirements engineering implementation strategy introduced in this paper can effectively resolve conflicts and redundancies between the requirements system and the original top-level document system requirements. It ensures clear requirements sources, sufficient basis, reasonable allocation, controllable changes, adequate change assessments, clear design status, and controllable design risks. It effectively overcomes human resource bottlenecks during the early stage of requirements engineering implementation while cultivating talent reserves for systems engineering implementation, saving approximately 23.5 person-years in labor costs. It significantly optimizes non-value-added processes, reducing approximately 100 reports. It unifies the team’s understanding of requirements work, improves coordination efficiency, and significantly improves the requirements validation rate between aircraft-level and system-level requirements by an average of approximately 46%. It assists stakeholders and engineers in systematically and scientifically capturing product requirements during the design phase, with original product design specifications covering approximately 70% of subsystem specifications on average. Given its generality across the airframe forward design domain, the airframe requirement management paradigm established by this implementation strategy holds significant importance for the comprehensive and in-depth application of systems engineering methods in commercial aircraft development.
Sun, Luyan, Chang, Liang
Research and Application of Low-Cost Aerospace Chip Burn-in Systems2026-99-01587/31/2026
In view of the key problems—low chip burn-in efficiency and high burn-in costs—caused by high R&D costs and a limited number of veneer stations in the traditional burn-in system used in the military aerospace field, this project has carried out a series of innovative research. Through systematic scheme optimization design and strict cost control measures, a new burn-in system with significant cost advantages and supporting multi-station parallel processing has been successfully developed for the aerospace field. The core technical breakthroughs of the system are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, through architectural reconstruction, the number of single incubator stations has been increased by leaps and bounds from the traditional 60 to 720; secondly, the use of intelligent monitoring technology can expand the scale of the workstation while using the display for process monitoring and data collection; Finally, the modular design concept is innovatively introduced, which greatly reduces the construction cost per workstation. Actual tests have verified that the processing efficiency of the AD1120 chip burn-in system has achieved a significant improvement of 1100%, which is equivalent to increasing the processing capacity of a single batch by 11 times. Up to now, the system has completed the 160-hour continuous burn-in test of 5,000 AD1120 chips, during which the system operation is stable and reliable, and there is no abnormality in the use of the test chip manufacturers. This breakthrough performance improvement not only significantly shortens the product development cycle but, more importantly, provides a practical technical solution for batch screening of high-reliability chips. Subsequent promotion and application can meet the mass production needs of a variety of chips in the aerospace industry, and provide a way to reduce costs and increase efficiency for the same type of unit.
Gu, Zucheng, Kang, Xiao, Jiang, Shang
Discussion on Methods for Studying Material Fatigue Life: Taking Aluminum Alloy as An Example2026-99-01217/31/2026
Fatigue design is a key common quality technology for improving the quality control capability of China’s automotive products. The fatigue of materials is a multi-scale damage evolution process. Characterizing and processing the large number of three-dimensional defects inside the material, which have different shapes and distributions, and predicting the material’s lifespan based on the cross-scale damage evolution mechanism, is one of the key technologies for fatigue optimization design. This paper discusses the research methods for the fatigue life of aluminum alloy materials. Firstly, based on the staged fatigue damage experiments, the three-dimensional defect features are obtained through CT scanning and reconstruction, and a defect characterization and processing method based on k-d tree and multi-scale feature pyramid is established to accurately represent the topological and geometric relationships of non-uniformly distributed three-dimensional defects. Secondly, a mathematical model for the evolution of micro-damage and macro-cracks is constructed, and the cross-scale transformation of defects is achieved through hierarchical and recursive methods, revealing the cross-scale evolution mechanism of fatigue damage in aluminum alloy materials. Finally, a remaining life prediction model based on defect information and feature weights is established through the support vector regression algorithm (SVR). This research method can provide technical support for the fatigue life optimization design application of lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys.
Zhang, Liangxia, Niu, Zhijun, Cheng, Fangfang, Chen, Hao, Yang, Yali
Preparation and Characterization of Glycerol-Based Fe3O4 Magnetic Fluids2026-99-02447/31/2026
To optimize the preparation protocol and tribological performance of glycerol-based Fe^3O^4 magnetic fluids, three hybrid agitation systems—(i) chemical co-precipitation coupled with magnetic stirring (H+C), (ii) chemical co-precipitation coupled with mechanical stirring (H+J), and (iii) chemical co-precipitation integrated with mechanical plus ultrasonic agitation (H+J+C)—were systematically investigated with respect to their influence on the physicochemical characteristics and lubricating behaviour of the resulting magnetic nanoparticles. Relative to the H+C and H+J protocols, the H+J+C protocol effectively suppressed intermediate agglomeration, yielding a 15 % increase in Fe^3O^4 productivity and a 15 % reduction in the full-width at half-maximum of the particle-size distribution. A binary surfactant system composed of oleic acid and citric acid achieved complete surface passivation, producing nanoparticles with a saturation magnetization of 59.2 emu g^–1. Under a magnetic flux density of 0.0341 T, tribometric evaluation revealed that the friction coefficient of the fluid prepared via the H+J+C route decreased to 0.041, corresponding to reductions of 7.1 % and 22 % relative to the H+J and H+C counterparts, respectively, thereby demonstrating superior tribological performance. The present work furnishes an experimental foundation for the rational design of high-performance magnetically responsive lubricants and the optimization of magnetic-fluid synthesis protocols.
Hu, Rui, Zhong, Shihao, Xu, Chunxia, Chen, Binhua, Liu, Yang
Collaborative Optimization of Tooth Parameters in Cemented Carbide-Tipped Circular Saw Blades for Sand Willow Cutting Machines2026-99-01987/31/2026
To enhance the service life of cemented carbide brazed circular saw blades used in sand willow stump cutting machines and to mitigate the problem of uneven stress distribution on saw teeth during cutting, this study investigates the circular saw blade as the research object. Sand willow, widely distributed in arid and desertification-prone regions of northern China, plays a vital role in ecological restoration and biomass utilization. However, due to the high density and toughness of its stems, conventional saw blades often experience severe tooth wear and premature failure, limiting the efficiency and stability of stump cutting operations. In this work, the dynamic simulation module of ABAQUS was employed to establish a finite element model of the cutting process. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology was then applied to systematically evaluate the influence of key tooth parameters on stress distribution. Using the maximum equivalent stress at critical nodes as the optimization criterion, a cooperative optimization strategy was developed to balance tooth strength and cutting efficiency. The optimized design markedly improved the mechanical performance of the saw teeth. Compared with conventional blades, the maximum stress value was reduced by 51%, resulting in enhanced reliability and prolonged service life. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating finite element simulation with statistical optimization for tool design in forestry machinery, and provide both theoretical insights and practical support for advancing specialized sand willow cutting equipment, thereby contributing to ecological restoration and sustainable biomass utilization in desertification-affected regions.
Li, Zhong, Zhang, Binbin, Han, Yiliang, He, Jinjun, Ren, Yuyan, Yang, Jianjun, Wang, Haichao, Pei, Zhiyong
Research on the Influence of Creping Process and Microstructure on the Properties of Crepe Paper Products2026-99-02067/31/2026
Crepe paper has extensive applications in the electrical field and significantly influences the operation of power equipment. The creping process and microstructure play a crucial role in determining its performance. However, optimizing them to improve the performance of crepe paper remains a challenge. Therefore, in this study, univariate and multi - factor interaction experiments were set up to explore the impact of the creping process on crepe paper. X - ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to analyze the microstructure of crepe paper. The results show that smaller scraper angles and moderate pressures can increase the paper density, and the use of different creping aids can improve the paper’s performance. Higher crystallinity enables crepe paper to have better mechanical and thermal stability. Moreover, based on the experimental results, a scheme for optimizing process parameters was proposed to help improve the quality of domestic crepe paper and provide support for the development of domestic electrical crepe paper production technology.
Meng, Gao, Ran, Zhuo, Yuan, La, Zengchao, Wang, Bin, Zhang
Finite Element Analysis and Structural Optimization of Aluminum Alloy Fuel Tanks2026-99-01937/31/2026
To address the failures observed in aluminum-alloy fuel tanks, specifically, cracking of the dual-chamber sealing partition, end cover, and drain boss, finite element analysis was employed for comprehensive calculation and structural optimization. Stress, strain, and displacement under varying load conditions were evaluated, revealing that failures of the sealing partition and end cover were due to stress concentration. At the same time, the cracks in the drain boss were caused by weaknesses in the weld heat-affected zone. Three optimization measures were proposed: adding an R5 chamfer to sealing baffles, incorporating R5 transitional fillets on the reinforcing ribs of the end caps, and designing the drain boss as an asymmetrical elliptical shape with a central transitional fillet. Following these optimizations, the maximum stress on the components was significantly reduced, and the safety factor markedly increased. Results from sealing, pressure, and vibration tests confirmed that these measures effectively enhance the structural strength of aluminum-alloy fuel tanks and extend their service life. This study provides robust support for the design and analysis of aluminumalloy fuel tanks.
Chi, Hong, Lei, Haisen, Sun, Liying, Zhang, Zhitong, Wu, Xiaoci
Resilience Evaluation of HVAC Outdoor Units Against Typhoons Using Finite Element Method2026-99-01067/31/2026
In view of the practical problem that the air-conditioner outdoor units in the spacecraft test workshops of coastal launch sites are severely damaged under the influence of super typhoon, this paper employs the finite-element simulation method to establish a finite-element model of the outdoor units. The implicit Euler solution method is used to calculate the stress conditions of each component of the unit under the influence of typhoons with wind speeds of 50.9 m/s and 61.2 m/s respectively. By combining with the material yield strength, the weak links in the design are identified, and targeted improvement measures are proposed. The simulation results demonstrate good agreement with the actual impact of the typhoon, which can effectively guide the typhoon-resistance optimization design of subsequent air-conditioning units.
Gu, Yufei, Chen, Shaojiang, Shi, YunShan, Fu, Yuanming, Chen, Xi, Yang, Degang
Analysis and Verification of the Stiffness of Flexible Mechanisms2026-99-01037/31/2026
Recent advances in precision motion technology have heightened the requirement for precise stiffness analysis in flexible mechanisms. This paper begins with a theoretical analysis, constructing a mathematical expression for the stiffness of flexible mechanisms, providing a systematic framework for analysis. Subsequently, the study employed finite element analysis on both single and double parallelogram flexible mechanisms to validate the proposed theoretical stiffness formulas. This process not only confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed expressions but also highlighted the influence of different structures on stiffness characteristics. The finite element analysis results validate the proposed theoretical model as an effective and reliable tool for predicting the stiffness of flexible mechanisms. By establishing a reliable predictive model, this research paves the way for the informed design and systematic optimization of next-generation flexible mechanisms in precision motion engineering.
Cai, Dongchen
Optimization of the Stewart Platform Based on Improved Genetic Optimization2026-99-01057/31/2026
Based on the improved genetic optimization, a new Stewart platform optimization design method is proposed in this paper. Through introducing chaotic mapping and simulation annealing strategy, combining the kinematic analysis of the Stewart platform and the constraint conditions of the workspace, aiming at maximizing the workspace and minimizing the motion error, the structural parameters of the platform are optimized. The experimental results show that the improved GA significantly improves the workspace and motion performance of the Stewart platform compared with the traditional ant colony optimization and basic genetic optimization.
Zhu, Ming, Wang, Baichao
Advancing Reliability Centered Maintenance: A Robust Statistical Approach for MTBF Estimation in Aero-Engine Fleets via Subgrouping Strategy and Dual Weibull Modeling2026-99-02137/31/2026
Fleet heterogeneity, from manufacturing variations and diverse operating conditions, complicates reliability analysis by obscuring true failure patterns in aero-engines. This is a critical challenge in an industry as inaccurate Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) estimates threaten safety and inflate operational costs, by forcing a choice between inefficiently conservative maintenance or the risk of in-service failures. Conventional analysis often fails by pooling all fleet data. To address this, our paper presents an analytical framework that improves predictive accuracy by filtering, rather than aggregating statistical noise. The methodology uses a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and ANOVA hypothesis test to screen a diverse dataset and isolate statistically homogeneous subgroups. This filtration identifies a core fleet with a consistent failure signature, providing a purified dataset for modeling. This refined data is then modeled using both Weibull and the Exponentiated Inverse Weibull distributions to ensure the results are robust and not model-dependent. Applying this framework to a 25-engine dataset that experienced 66 failures, we isolated a stable failure pattern, yielding a primary MTBF of 171.16 hours and a cross-validated MTBF of 176.35 hours. The close 3% convergence between these models validates our approach. By providing a dependable MTBF, this work establishes a stronger foundation for data-driven Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM). It empowers maintenance planners to move toward evidence-based intervals, safely extending engine time-on-wing, optimizing spare parts inventory, and significantly reducing direct operational costs for airlines.
Jubaid, Mayin Uddin, Bebe, Gibson, Bigyen, Musa Pethuel, Anik, S M Kullul Mehedee, Yasmin, Ashrafi, Sahran, Mohamed Sideek Mohamed
Angular Vibration Model of Frictional plates in High Speed Open Wet clutch2026-99-02347/31/2026
High-speed wet clutches may experience dynamic instability between the friction plates, leading to rattling vibrations and a significant increase in drag torque. This study employs a homogeneous flow model to characterize the gas-liquid two-phase flow within a high-speed clutch. It establishes a dynamic model for the angular oscillation of friction plates. Finite-element numerical simulations and stability analyses were conducted. The results indicate that as the clutch speed difference increases, the density and viscosity of the two-phase flow decrease rapidly, leading to a sharp reduction in fluid stiffness and damping. Consequently, the friction plates become more susceptible to angular oscillation. The stability of angular oscillation is determined by two key parameters: dimensionless comprehensive stiffness and critical frequency ratio. Higher dimensionless comprehensive stiffness and a lower critical frequency ratio enhance oscillation stability. Numerical evaluations of various groove types reveal that as rotational speed and friction plate clearance increase, the fluid stiffness coefficient, damping coefficient, dimensionless comprehensive stiffness, and critical moment of inertia all decrease, thereby reducing angular oscillation stability. Among the tested groove geometries, enclosed grooves and spiral grooves exhibit superior stability due to their strong hydrodynamic effects, yielding the highest dimensionless comprehensive stiffness. The critical frequency ratio for the self-excited angular oscillation of friction plates is approximately 0.5, termed the half-frequency oscillation characteristic. Experimental data validate the proposed angular oscillation model and its frequency response, providing a theoretical foundation for performance prediction and stability optimization in high-speed clutch design.
Cheng, Xu, Peng, Zengxiong, Zhang, Jing, Jin, Jiayin
Surrogate Model Study for Curvilinear Fibre Variable Stiffness Composite Laminates: Based on Dynamic Hybrid Sampling and Adaptive Surrogate Model Hyper-Parameters Co-Optimization Strategy2026-99-02417/31/2026
Variable stiffness composite laminates with curvilinear fibres have demonstrated significant capability in lightweight structural design, particularly regarding buckling resistance and stiffness enhancement. However, directly applying optimization algorithms often faces challenges such as high computational cost and slow convergence during the optimization design process. Consequently, the incorporation of surrogate models prior to employing optimization algorithms is necessary to simplify computations and accelerate convergence. Manual testing is a conventional approach for hyper-parameter (HP) tuning and continues to be widely used in research. However, manual tuning is suboptimal and time-consuming for many problems. Additionally, the effectiveness of these surrogate models largely depends on the training samples. Therefore, a dynamic hybrid sampling and adaptive surrogate model HP co-optimization strategy is proposed for the optimization design of the variable stiffness composite laminate with curvilinear fibre. In the numerical results, the performance of different surrogate models, comprising Support Vector Regression (SVR), Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), and Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN), is systematically compared under varying sample set sizes. Neural results show significant differences in accuracy and efficiency among these three models under varying sample set sizes. SVR demonstrates optimal generalization ability in small sample scenarios, RBFNN strikes a balance between accuracy and efficiency with medium sample size, while BPNN exhibits superior overall predictive performance under large sample condition. The proposed cooptimization strategy overcomes the limitations of traditional single strategy through the closed-loop interaction between dynamic sampling and Bayesian hyper-parameter optimization (HPO). This approach not only significantly improves the predictive accuracy of surrogate models but also greatly reduces the computational cost during the optimization process, making it suitable for computational mechanics problems with high nonlinearity and high-dimensional features. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the selection and application of surrogate models in composite material structural optimization, contributing to improved design process efficiency and reliability.
Chen, Dengnuo, Zou, Rui, Chen, Binqi
Parameter Identification for the Dynamics Model of a Robotic Grasping Process Based on SFOA2026-99-01237/31/2026
To precisely simulate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a robotic arm grasping cylindrical objects from storage units, this study establishes a dynamic model of the robotic grasping process incorporating Coulomb and viscous friction models to characterize frictional properties. Furthermore, to effectively identify unknown parameters in the dynamic model, a parameter identification method based on the Superb Fairy-wren Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) is proposed. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the displacement responses from the dynamic model and the experimentally acquired displacement data serves as the optimization objective. Multiple sets of experimental data are utilized to identify the unknown parameters of the dynamic model. The results demonstrate that when the identified parameters are applied to the dynamic model, the goodness-of-fit between the model’s response displacement data and the experimental displacement data exceeds 0.999. This validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method for identifying unknown parameters in dynamic models.
Shen, Shaofeng, Yang, Liu, Wang, Zihan, Han, Qunyi
Multi-Objective Topology Optimization of Wing Rib Structures for Additive Manufacturing2026-99-02287/31/2026
With the advance of high-end manufacturing and the rise of green design, lightweight structures have become a central concern in aerospace. Topology optimization offers a principled route to shed mass while preserving performance, yet most additive manufacturing (AM) studies still emphasize process tuning and new materials rather than structural layouts constrained by AM realities. This work targets a representative wing rib from a specific unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and formulates a multi-objective topology optimization that explicitly embeds AM constraints. Using the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) variable-density framework, we couple static stiffness and strength measures with modal objectives so that the optimized rib not only resists deformation and limits stress but also improves the first three natural frequencies, thereby mitigating adverse vibration interactions at the wing level. A compromise-programming strategy balances these competing objectives under volume and manufacturability requirements, including AM-driven minimum feature scales and related geometric restrictions. Finite-element analyses are used throughout the loop to evaluate displacement, von Mises stress, and eigenfrequencies, ensuring that the emerging material distribution is both efficient and physically meaningful. The resulting topology exhibits clearer load paths and smoother stress flow, reduces peak displacements, and delivers a marked rise in the first three natural frequencies. Overall mass is lowered by approximately 55% while meeting all imposed constraints, achieving the dual aims of structural optimization and lightweighting. The study demonstrates that integrating AM constraints directly into the optimization stage yields designs that are performance-robust and fabrication-ready, and it provides a reusable workflow for thin-walled aerospace components such as wing ribs where stiffness, strength, and vibration behavior must be jointly considered.
Zhao, Fei, Zhang, Heran, Li, Xiaoting, Shi, Bowen, Kong, Xiangwei
A Data-Driven Model for Predicting Casting Solidification Time and Mold Thermal Stress2026-01-50557/31/2026
This study proposes a data-driven surrogate modeling framework for predicting solidification time and mold thermal stress during low-pressure die casting (LPDC) of aluminum alloy wheels. The methodology employed an optimal Latin hypercube design (OLHD) to sample key parameters including cooling channel geometry and process conditions. A sequential simulation methodology combining ProCAST and Abaqus was implemented to generate a comprehensive dataset of solidification times and thermal stress distributions. Based on this dataset, surrogate models were developed using Support Vector Regression, Kriging, and Polynomial Response Surface Methodology, with their hyperparameters automatically tuned through Bayesian Optimization (BO). The optimized models were rigorously evaluated using four statistical metrics: Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The evaluation results show that the BO–SVR model demonstrated superior prediction accuracy for both output responses and exhibited exceptional nonlinear fitting capability. This work establishes an effective modeling approach for simultaneous quality and efficiency optimization in wheel manufacturing.
Fuhao, Fan, Zhan, Yunlang, Zhan, Zhenfei, Yang, Yutong, Xiao, Yong, Huang, Shiyao
Design and Construction Technology for Remotely Deployed Sacrificial Anode Supports of High-pile Wharves2026-99-08157/30/2026
In port construction, high-pile wharves—a primary structural form—are constantly exposed to marine environmental erosion, making corrosion a particularly prominent issue. Traditional anode installation typically relies on underwater diving operations, which suffer from low efficiency, high risks, and significant costs. To address these challenges, a novel installation technique requiring no divers has been developed. Through specialized equipment design and optimized construction processes, this technology enables remote, efficient, and safe anode installation. Research focuses on the design of non-diver anode support installation equipment, safety validation, and construction methodologies. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field construction trials, this technology significantly enhances construction efficiency while reducing operational risks and costs. It provides a reliable solution for corrosion protection in high-pile wharves and holds significant importance for advancing port construction technology.
Lan, Jinping, Zhang, Shoulong
Analysis and Optimization of Braking Deviation for Commercial Vehicles Based on ADAMS2026-99-08027/30/2026
Given the braking deviation of commercial vehicles, this paper discusses the influencing factors and uses Adams simulation software to accurately model the vehicle model due to the unreasonable match between the suspension system and the steering system. Through K&C analysis and dynamics analysis of the model, the root cause of braking deviation is identified, and the simulation method is used to quickly realize optimization and verification.
Yan, Tang, Wang, Jingxian, Sun, Hongyang, Wu, Zhen
Influencing Factors Indicator System of Crew Performance in Multi-Vehicle Cooperation Based on DEMATEL-TAISM Method2026-99-08527/30/2026
As multi-vehicle cooperation becomes an increasingly important operational mode for armored vehicles, the performance of cooperative crews plays a crucial role in accomplishing coordinated missions and enhancing the functionality of the human–machine system. In this study, the influencing factors of crew performance in multi-vehicle cooperation of armored vehicles were initially extracted through a literature review. The Delphi method was then employed to collect expert opinions and perform a preliminary simplification of the indicator system, followed by an optimization of the system using exploratory factor analysis. The final indicator system consisted of 11 indicators, and the DEMATEL–TAISM method was further employed to analyze the interaction relationships among the identified key influencing factors. In terms of the interrelationships among influencing factors, the fundamental determinants of armored vehicle crew performance include individual capability and experience, operational characteristics, shared screen and auditory design, display–control interface and cabin layout, and intelligent and automated design. The findings suggest that improving crew capability and experience through training, optimizing the interface, cabin, and auditory design, and promoting intelligent and automated system design can significantly enhance armored vehicle crew performance.
Wang, Rulan, Chen, Xingjiang, Zhou, Yue, Xie, Fang, Wanyan, Xiaoru, Liu, Shuang
Topology Optimization of a Single-Actuator Pure Rotational Platform2026-99-08287/30/2026
Conventional dual-actuator rotational platforms exhibit actuation redundancy that compromises motion precision and increases structural complexity. This paper presents a topology optimization methodology for single-actuator pure rotational platforms to overcome these limitations. A SIMP material interpolation model integrates multi-objective functions, maximizing output rotation angle while minimizing rotational center parasitic displacement under volume fraction constraints. The Optimality Criteria (OC) algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem, with Heaviside density filtering eliminating numerical instabilities. The resulting platform achieves exceptional rotational capability (Rθ = 2.29) while maintaining ultra-low relative parasitic displacements (x: 4.96×10^–5, y: 2.20×10^–5). Parametric studies quantify the influence of volume fractions and stiffness coefficients on performance. The finite element method was employed to analyze the rotation angles and parasitic displacements of both the topology optimization platform and a traditional pure rotation platform. The comparative FEA results demonstrate the superior performance of our topology-optimized design, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Wang, Qiliang, Zhang, Runsheng, Zhang, Shaowen
Structure Optimization of a Two-Dimensional Mixer for Mixing Uniformity Improvement Using the DEM2026-99-08467/30/2026
A two-dimensional (2-D) mixer has been widely used in the engineering field. The discrete element method (DEM) is capable of simulating and tracking collisions among particles inside the mixer. In this paper, the mixing process of spherical particles inside a 2-D mixer known as EYH150L is simulated by the DEM. The Lacey Index provides a quantitative measure of the blending efficacy achieved by a 2-D mixer. The DEM analysis indicated that the level of blending effectiveness among the particles in proximity to the rotating blades is significantly superior to that in regions devoid of blades. The rotational velocities of particles in blade-free zones are about 40% of those near the rotating blades, which serves as a key factor accounting for the slower increase in mixing efficiency observed in these regions. To address this disparity and enhance overall mixing performance, a mirrored rotating blade was incorporated, positioned to the left of the baseline revolving cylinder, thereby optimizing the structural configuration of the 2-D mixer. The verification tests indicated that the modification increases the mixing efficiency of the mixer at its left side, and enhances the blending uniformity, ensuring the four particle types are mixed equitably.
Fang, Ziqiang, Liu, Yong, Chen, Yafeng
Design of Telescope Support Truss Based on Topology Optimization and Size Optimization2026-99-08487/30/2026
The primary mirror support truss of large-aperture segmented telescopes, serving as a critical load-bearing component of the optical system, has its structural stability directly determining the optical imaging quality. This paper adopts a collaborative design method integrating topology optimization and size optimization to address issues, including excessive weight and unreasonable stiffness distribution in traditional support truss designs. First, based on the topology optimization theory of the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization variable density method, topology optimization was performed on the initial truss structure using finite element simulation software, with the volume fraction as a constraint and the objective of maximizing structural stiffness to determine the optimal material distribution model. Subsequently, the truss structure was reconfigured based on the topology optimization results. Finally, the cross-sectional dimensions of the truss members were selected as optimization variables, and size optimization was performed using the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm with the objectives of minimizing structural weight and minimizing weighted compliance, while considering constraints such as stress and displacement. The results show that the optimized support truss achieves a 3.9% reduction in weight and a 35.47% decrease in elastic strain energy. This effectively meets the high-precision and lightweight design requirements for telescope support structures and provides a feasible technical solution for the design of large-aperture telescope support trusses.
Tan, Deli, Guo, Liquan, Gao, Dedong, Liu, Chuanjie, Dai, Xiaodong, Huang, Lei
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