Browse Topic: Augmented / virtual reality

Items (626)
ABSTRACT Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been a dominant methodology for defining and developing complex systems; however, it has not yet been paired with cutting-edge digital engineering transformation. MBSE is constrained to represent a whole system, but lacks other capabilities, such as dynamic simulation and optimization, as well as integration of hardware and software functions. This paper provides the key elements for developing a Smart MBSE (SMBSE) modeling approach that integrates Systems Engineering (SE) functionality with the full suite of other development tools utilized to create today’s complex products. SMBSE connects hardware and software with a set of customer needs, design requirements, program targets, simulations and optimization functionalities. The SMBSE modeling approach is still under development, with significant challenges for building bridges between conventional Systems Engineering methodology, with additional capabilities to reuse, automate
Ayala, AlejandroWeaver, JonathanFuentes, JeniferOchoa, Ruben
Abstract This paper presents the development of a transmission-in-the-loop (TiL) experimentation system. In this TiL experimental setup, the input side of the transmission is controlled by a dynamometer emulating the engine, while the output sides of the transmission are controlled by two dynamometers emulating the wheels and vehicle. The models emulating these vehicle components are required to possess sufficient fidelity to simulate engine torque pulse (ETP) and wheel slip dynamics while being computationally efficient to run in real-time. While complex engine and tire models exist in the literature that accurately capture these dynamics, they are often too numerically stiff for real-time simulation. This paper presents the system level details of such a TiL setup, and the modeling concepts for the development of high fidelity real-time models of the engine and tire dynamics for use in this experiment. Parameters of the engine model are identified using experimental data. Vehicle
Nutter, Don
ABSTRACT The objective is to develop a human-multiple robot system that is optimized for teams of heterogeneous robots control. A new human-robot system permits to ease the execution of remote tasks. An operator can efficiently control the physical multi-robots using the high level command, Drag-to-Move method, on the virtual interface. The innovative virtual interface has been integrated with Augmented Reality that is able to track the location and sensory information from the video feed of ground and aerial robots in the virtual and real environment. The advanced feature of the virtual interface is guarded teleoperation that can be used to prevent operators from accidently driving multiple robots into walls and other objects
Lee, SamHunt, ShawnCao, AlexPandya, Abhilash
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design and implementation of an interactive mixed reality cockpit that enhances Soldier-vehicle interaction by providing a 360-degree situational awareness system. The cockpit uses indirect vision, where cameras outside the vehicle provide a video feed of the surroundings to the cockpit. The cockpit also includes a virtual information dashboard that displays real-time information about the vehicle, mission, and crew status. The visualization of the dashboard is based on past research in information visualization, allowing Soldiers to quickly assess their operational state. The paper presents the results of a usability study on the effectiveness of the mixed reality cockpit, which compared the Vitreous interface, a Soldier-centered mixed reality head-mounted display, with two other interface and display technologies. The study found that the Vitreous UI resulted in better driving performance and better subjective evaluation of the ability to actively
Hansberger, Jeffrey T.Wood, RyanConner, TyHansen, JayseNix, JacobTorres, Marco
ABSTRACT To optimize the use of partially autonomous vehicles, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the interactions between these vehicles and their operators. This research investigates the relationship between level of partial autonomy and operator abilities using a web-based virtual reality study. In this study participants took part in a virtual drive where they were required to perform all or part of the driving task in one of five possible autonomy conditions while responding to sudden emergency road events. Participants also took part in a simultaneous communications console task to include an element of multitasking. Situation awareness was measured using real-time probes based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) as well as the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART). Cognitive Load was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and an adapted version of the SOS Scale. Other measured factors included multiple indicators of
Cossitt, Jessie E.Patel, Viraj R.Carruth, Daniel W.Paul, Victor J.Bethel, Cindy L.
ABSTRACT Vehicle design today takes longer than it ever has in the past largely due to the abundance of requirements, standards, and new design techniques; this trend is not likely to change any time soon. This paper will explore how advancements in gaming engines can be leveraged to bring realistic visualization and virtual prototypes to the beginning of the design cycle, integrate subsystems earlier in the design, provide advanced simulation capabilities, and ensure that the final design not only meets the requirements but is fully vetted by stakeholders and meets the needs of the platform. The Unreal Engine and Bravo Framework can be used to bring this and more to vehicle designs to reduce design churn and bring better products to market faster. Citation: A. Diepen, O. Vazquez, A. Black, C. Gaff “Leveraging Simulation Tools to Accelerate Design,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
Diepen, AndyVazquez, OrlandoBlack, AndrewGaff, Chuck
ABSTRACT This research proposes a human-multirobot system with semi-autonomous ground robots and UAV view for contaminant localization tasks. A novel Augmented Reality based operator interface has been developed. The interface uses an over-watch camera view of the robotic environment and allows the operator to direct each robot individually or in groups. It uses an A* path planning algorithm to ensure obstacles are avoided and frees the operator for higher-level tasks. It also displays sensor information from each individual robot directly on the robot in the video view. In addition, a combined sensor view can also be displayed which helps the user pin point source information. The sensors on each robot monitor the contaminant levels and a virtual display of the levels is given to the user and allows him to direct the multiple ground robots towards the hidden target. This paper reviews the user interface and describes several initial usability tests that were performed. This research
Lee, SamLucas, Nathan P.Cao, AlexPandya, AbhilashEllis, R. Darin
ABSTRACT Tradespace exploration (TSE) is a key component of conceptual design or materiel solution phases that revolves around multi-stakeholder decision making. The TSE process as presented in literature is discussed, including the various stages, tools, and decision making approaches. The decision-making process, summarized herein, can be aided in various ways; one key intervention is the use of visualizations. Characteristics of good visualizations are presented before discussion of a promising avenue for visualization: immersive reality. Immersive reality includes virtual reality representations as well as tactile feedback; however, there are aspects of immersive reality that must be considered as well, such as cognitive loads and accessibility. From the literature, major trends were identified, including that TSE focuses on value but can suffer when not framed as a group decision, the need for testing of proposed TSE support systems, and the need to consider user populations and
Sutton, MeredithTurner, CameronWagner, JohnGorsich, DavidRizzo, DeniseHartman, GregAgusti, RachelSkowronska, AnnetteCastanier, Matthew
ABSTRACT With more advanced technology and simulation software becoming available, the idea of incorporating immersive technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality in mechanical design. Specifically, this research seeks to understand the current state of the art use of immersive technologies within the DoD Acquisition Process. First, the state-of-the-art needs is analyzed, so that research can be adequately directed to make this future a reality. Three opportunities are identified 1) use of immersive technology to support design reviews, 2) the use of current technology to support engineering design review tasks, and 3) experiments and formal studies to evaluate the impact of immersive technologies on engineering design review tasks. Citation: W. Hawthorne, M. Sutton, V. Ransing, G. Mocko, C. Turner, J. Walton, “The use of virtual reality to support engineering design reviews,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi
Hawthorne, WilliamSutton, MeredithRansing, VishwajeetMocko, GregoryTurner, CameronWalton, Jamaihus
ABSTRACT As technology continues to improve at a rapid pace, many organizations are attempting to define their place within this modern age and the Department of Defense (DoD) is no exception. The DoD’s primary focus on modernization ensures that its design, development, and sustainment of systems demonstrate unparalleled strength that outpaces our adversaries and continue to solidify our position quickly and efficiently as the world’s mightiest through fundamental change. Digital Engineering (DE) is the foundation of that fundamental change. Speed-to-Warfighter, reliability, maintainability, resiliency, and performance are all improved through DE techniques. Accelerating technical integration by connecting once isolated data to a digital thread encompassing all domains, and further facilitating the evolution of the traditional approach/processes into an effective DE strategy. DE’s goal supports a reduction of inefficient process/procedures/communications that traditionally can yield
Granville, Alanzo D.
ABSTRACT Operation of a virtual vehicle in order to perform dynamic evaluation of the design can be achieved through the use of augmented reality combined with a simulator. Many uses of virtual reality involve the evaluation of component packaging in a static although interactive manner. That is, the virtual reality (VR) participant can interactively view the virtual environment and perform some minor interactions such as toggling through alternative CAD models for comparison or changing the viewing position to another seat. The immersive 3D simulator system described in this paper enables the VR participant to perform operational tasks such as driving, gunnery and surveillance. Furthermore, this system incorporates augmented reality in order to allow the mixture of the virtual environment with physical controls for operating the virtual vehicle
Navarre, Russell J.Bauer, Robert J.
ABSTRACT Over the past several years, the rate of advancements in modern computer hardware and graphics computing capabilities has increased exponentially and provided unprecedented opportunities within the Modeling and Simulation community to increase the visual fidelity and quality in new Image Generators (IGs). As a result, IG vendors are continuously reevaluating the best way to make use of these new performance improvements. Some vendors have chosen to increase the resolution of the environment by displaying higher resolution imagery from disk while other vendors have chosen to increase the number of polygons that are capable of being presented in the scene while maintaining 60Hz. While all of these approaches use the latest hardware technology to improve the quality of the simulated environment in the IG, the authors of this paper have chosen to focus on a different approach; to improve the accuracy and realism of the simulated environment. To accomplish this, the authors have
Kuehne, BobHebert, KennyChladny, Brett
A digital twin is a digital representation of a real physical system, product, or process that functions as its practically identical digital counterpart for tasks such as testing, integration, monitoring, and maintenance. Creating digital twins allows the ‘digital system’ or ‘digital product’ to be tested at faster-than-real-time which improves overall program efficiency and shortens the programme duration. The HORIBA Intelligent Lab virtual engineering toolset was used to generate an Empirical Digital Twin (EDT) of a contemporary off-highway diesel Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) from physical testing, accounting for the effects of altitude and combustion air temperature. The EDT was subsequently used to predict engine performance and emissions for several synthetic off-highway machine cycles at sea-level and 3000m altitude. The synthetic agricultural cycles which included ploughing, seeding, spraying, fertilising, and roading were generated using a machine simulation programme
Roberts, PhilBates, LukeWhelan, SteveMaroni, ClaudioLeo, ElisabettaPezzola, Marco EzioChild, Steven
Crew Station design in the physical realm is complex and expensive due to the cost of fabrication and the time required to reconfigure necessary hardware to conduct studies for human factors and optimization of space claim. However, recent advances in Virtual Reality (VR) and hand tracking technologies have enabled a paradigm shift to the process. The Ground Vehicle System Center has developed an innovative approach using VR technologies to enable a trade space exploration capability which provides crews the ability to place touchscreens and switch panels as desired, then lock them into place to perform a fully recorded simulation of operating the vehicle through a virtual terrain, maneuvering through firing points and engaging moving and static targets during virtual night and day missions with simulated sensor effects for infrared and night vision. Human factors are explored and studied using hand tracking which enables operators to check reach by interacting with virtual components
Agusti, Rachel S.Brown, DavidKovacin, KyleSmith, AaronHackenbruch, Rachel N.Hess, DavidSimmons, Caleb B.Stewart, Colin
Researchers worldwide are currently working on the next evolution of communication networks, called “beyond 5G” or 6G networks. To enable the near-instantaneous communication needed for applications like augmented reality or the remote control of surgical robots, ultra-high data speeds will be needed on wireless channels. In a study published recently in IEICE Electronics Express, researchers from Osaka University and IMRA AMERICA have found a way to increase these data speeds by reducing the noise in the system through lasers
Researchers have developed SPINDLE, a pioneering robotic rehabilitation system. Combining virtual reality (VR) with customized resistance training, SPINDLE offers personalized therapy to enhance strength and dexterity for activities of daily living (ADLs). Its adaptability and potential for home use represent a major advancement in tremor rehabilitation, with broader healthcare implications
A research team at The University of Texas at Austin created a noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor that was installed in a Meta VR headset that can be worn comfortably for long periods. The EEG measures the brain’s electrical activity during the immersive VR interactions
The modern automotive industry is facing challenges of ever-increasing complexity in the electrified powertrain era. On-board diagnostic (OBD) systems must be thoroughly calibrated and validated through many iterations to function effectively and meet the regulation standards. Their development and design process are more complex when prototype hardware is not available and therefore virtual testing is a prominent solution, including Model-in-the-loop (MIL), Software-in-the-loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations. Virtual prototype testing relying on real-time simulation models is necessary to design and test new era’s OBD systems quickly and in scale. The new fuel cell powertrain involves new and previously unexplored fail modes. To make the system robust, simulations are required to be carried out to identify different fails. Thus, it is imminent to build simulation models which can reliably reproduce failures of components like the compressor, recirculation pump
Pandit, Harshad RajendraDimitrakopoulos, PantelisShenoy, ManishAltenhofen, Christian
Digital mapping tools have become indispensable for road navigation. Applications like Waze and Google Maps harness the power of satellite imagery to provide precise visualization of GPS coordinates. The field advanced significantly in May 2023 with the introduction of dynamic 3D representations of the Earth. Companies such as Cesium now offer Unity3D and Unreal Engine Application Programming Interface that can be applied to geospatial applications. These images are no longer static and offer the opportunity to provide seamless continuous navigation. Driving simulation has been widely used for training and research. We investigate with this project the potential of this new geospatial database as a tool for scenario development to study manual and autonomous driving. We present an in-vehicle driving simulation integration that employs a real steering wheel and pedals from a stationary vehicle as controls. The visual experience is delivered through the Meta Quest Headset through an
Loeb, Helen S.Hernandez, JaimeLeibowitz, ChaseLoeb, BenjaminGuerra, ErickMangharam, Rahul
Roundabouts are intersections at which automated cars seem currently not performing sufficiently well. Actually, sometimes, they get stuck and the traffic flow is seriously reduced. To overcome this problem a V2N-N2V (vehicle-to-network-network-to-vehicle) communication scheme is proposed. Cars communicate via 5G with an edge computer. A cooperative machine-learning algorithm orchestrates the traffic. Automated cars are instructed to accelerate or decelerate with the triple aim of improving the traffic flow into the roundabout, keeping safety constraints, and providing comfort for passengers on board of automated vehicles. In the roundabout, both automated cars and human-driven cars run. The roundabout scenario has been simulated by SUMO. Additionally, the scenario has been reconstructed into a dynamic driving simulator, with a real human driver in a virtual reality environment. The aim was to check the human perception of traffic flow, driving safety and driving comfort. The hardware
Previati, GiorgioUccello, LorenzoMastinu, GianpieroGobbi, MassimilianoAlbanese, AntoninoRoccasalva, AlessandroSantin, GabrieleLuca, MassimilianoLepri, BrunoFerrarotti, Lauradi Pietro, Nicola
Designing an automotive seat, it is required to perform a detailed study of anthropometry, which deals with measurement of human individuals and understanding human physical variations. It also requires application-based movement study of driver’s hands, feet’s & overall body movement. It is very difficult to design seat curvatures based on any static manikin-based software. We at VECV, have developed a new concept using mixed reality VR technology to capture all body movements for designing best in class seat curvature to accommodate variety of drivers with different body types. We have designed a specialized static bunk, which has a wide range of seat, steering and ABC paddle adjustments, which are integrated with virtual data. We use to study and capture the data of driving position and other ergonomic postures of wide range of people with different body types on this static bunk according to their comfortable driving posture. In this comfortable driving posture, user is immersed in
Bhatnagar, ManasJain, NishantBiswal, JyotiranjanSharma, Ajay
A new washable wireless smart textile technology has potential uses in virtual reality and American Sign Language
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed electronic “stickers” that measure the force exerted by one object upon another. The force stickers are wireless, run without batteries and fit in tight spaces. That makes them versatile for a wide range of applications, from arming robots with a sense of touch to elevating the immersive experience of VR and AR, making biomedical devices smarter, monitoring the safety of industrial equipment, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of inventory management in warehouses
From the past few years, there is a pressing need for implementation of automatic in-vehicle safety systems to avoid vehicle crashes and fatalities. Development of autonomous emergency braking systems (AEBS) to detect and avoid collisions in such critical moments is of paramount importance. In this paper, AEBS is developed for a four-wheeler system that aims to detect vehicles and controls the ego vehicle based on the expected stooping distance (ESD). This control system aims to react based on the real-time relative distance & speed of the ego vehicle to actuate appropriate braking force. Control systems developed in Altair Activate are co-simulated with CARLA, a virtual reality simulator for autonomous driving research. Various scenarios including low and high-speed car to car motion, urban high and low traffic density environments are simulated to study the robustness of the control system. Further, studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the systems by varying the
K V, ManojKamikkiya, PUrs, Hriday V.
The automotive industry is continually evolving, with advanced technologies in a dynamic and competitive market increased consumer expectations driving the need for faster and more efficient product development process. It`s required vehicle manufacturers to launch new models with a short time to market and a larger number of electronic functionalities. Virtual reality is being widely adopted by the automotive industry to enhance the efficiency of product development processes and streamline project stages, leading to a reduction in the use of physical prototypes. Nevertheless, there is still a need for improvement in the analysis and verification of virtual reality through the monitoring of eye tracking and brain signals, which can enhance its robustness. A promising approach to increasing the efficiency of developing new products during the conceptual phase is the integration of models of Electronic Control Units with virtual prototypes. Testing on virtual prototypes reduces the
Bedulli, Fernando H.Leite, RodrigoFreitas, FabioMurari, ThiagoWinkler, Ingrid
Direct debugging of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing aircraft’s control system can easily result in risk and personnel damage. It is effectively to employ simulation and numerical methods to validate control performance. In this paper, the attitude stabilization controller for VTOL fixed-wing aircraft is designed, and the controller performance is verified by MATLAB and visual simulation software, which significantly increases designed efficiency and safety of the controller. In detail, we first develop the VTOL fixed-wing aircraft’s six degrees of freedom kinematics and dynamics models using Simulink module, and the cascade PID control technique is applied to the VTOL aircraft’s attitude stabilization control. Then the visual simulation program records the flight data and displays the flight course and condition, which can validate the designed controller performance effectively. It can be concluded that the designed VTOL fixed-wing aircraft control visual simulation
Li, WeiShi, JiekaiWang, FangBai, Jie
The role of Virtual Reality (VR) platform for experimental studies to mitigate severe injuries is known. A Virtual Reality (VR) module was developed to provide an Indian auto-rickshaw driver experience using commercially available Oculus Quest 2 VR headset. A Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was developed and a study carried out among 20 auto-rickshaw drivers in Thanjavur, India. The DBQ questions provided data to shortlist the most likely near crash experiences among the surveyed drivers. A virtual reality environment was created using UNITY HUB software for one selected scenario from the DBQ survey analysis. A group of 10 volunteers to experience the event using VR gear in the biomechanical laboratory with reflective markers fixed on the body joints of the volunteers to obtain corresponding joint angles in the Neck, Lumbar, Shoulder, Hip, and Knee regions. This study identified various pre-crash reactions from drivers and compared them to the normal driving posture to determine
S, RagulG, SundhareswaranSankarasubramanian, HariharanPrasanna, SelvaVijayaraghavan, Sriram
Scientists have developed a flexible battery as thin as a human cornea, which stores electricity when it is immersed in saline solution, and which could one day power smart contact lenses. Smart contact lenses are high-tech contact lenses capable of displaying visible information on our corneas and can be used to access augmented reality
For almost as long as it’s been a concept, NASA has been on the cutting edge of virtual reality (VR) technology. However, the space has seen a renaissance since the bulky headsets of the 1990s. Several high-profile companies now use VR for immersive video games and virtual chat rooms, but, to some, this technology has a use beyond entertainment
More pixels! This is a major trend in the display industry. The benefits of 8K or higher resolution TVs may be debatable. For eye catching applications such as AR/VR glasses, more and therefore smaller pixels are required for technical feasibility. Screen door effects and pixel inhomogeneities are easily visible and disturbing for the user on displays that sit closely to the viewer’s eye. μ-LEDs are considered an innovative technology for very high resolutions with pixel sizes of less than 10 μm and equally small pixel pitches. In general, they have the potential to be a groundbreaking display technology – provided production challenges can be solved. Just like OLED displays, μ-LEDs are an emissive display technology, i.e., each single subpixel is in itself a light source. Luminance and color variations between the individual pixels are likely. As this strongly influences the visual quality of the displays, a quality control and calibration of the displays is necessary not only in the
A research team from the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of Science, led by Professor Liu Xiaogang from the Department of Chemistry, has developed a 3D imaging sensor that has an extremely high angular resolution — it can distinguish points of an object separated by an angular distance, of as little as 0.0018°. The sensor operates on a unique angle-to-color conversion principle, allowing it to detect 3D light fields across the X-ray to visible light spectrum
Battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption and complex powertrains pose new challenges to automotive industries, requiring comprehensive testing and validation strategies for reliability and safety. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) based real-time simulation is important, with cooperative simulation (co-simulation) being an effective way to verify system functionality across domains. Fault injection testing (FIT) is crucial for standards like ISO 26262. This study proposes a HIL-based real-time co-simulation environment that enables fault injection tests in BEVs to allow evaluation of their effects on the safety of the vehicle. A Typhoon HIL system is used in combination with the IPG CarMaker environment. A four-wheel drive BEV model is built, considering high-fidelity electrical models of the powertrain components (inverter, electric machine, traction battery) and the battery management system (BMS). Additionally, it enables validation of driving dynamics, routes and environmental influences
Konzept, AnjaReick, BenediktPintaric, IgorOsório, Caio
Thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) has long shaped product development across a variety of areas, including the medtech industry. Use of these trends can significantly improve diagnostics and, therefore, treatment. This applies, for example, to surgery and to the adjustment of medication regimens to reflect the patient’s needs. To do this, medical practitioners use recommendations provided by AI, which in turn draws on a broad digital database
MIT researchers have built an augmented reality (AR) headset that gives the wearer X-ray vision. The headset combines computer vision and wireless perception to automatically locate a specific item that is hidden from view, perhaps inside a box or under a pile, and then guide the user to retrieve it
New forms of air transport are expected to arrive in the next decade: development of unmanned multi-rotor equipped drones, are expected to be used for not only observation purposes, but for postal package delivery as well. The impact of close-flying drones near communities is still not fully understood. One of the main concerns for public acceptability is noise impact as it may negatively affect human health and well-being. Prior research shows that non-acoustical factors play an important role in the perception of noise. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate different subjective factors to examine their influence on noise annoyance: education on useful applications of drones (positive framing), rural versus urban environments, different visually modelled sizes of drones, and the visual noticeability of drones. Participants of the study evaluated scripted drone events using a Virtual Reality headset with a sound simulation system. Results show that drones flying in a rural
Aalmoes, Roaltde Bruijn, BramSieben, Naomi
The researchers from the University of Cambridge have developed an algorithm, which gives an accurate measurement of tree diameter, an important measurement used by scientists to monitor forest health and levels of carbon sequestration. The algorithm uses low-cost, low-resolution LiDAR sensors that are incorporated into many mobile phones, and provides results that are just as accurate, but much faster, than manual measurement techniques
Technology capable of replicating the sense of touch — also known as haptic feedback — can greatly enhance human-computer and human-robot interfaces for applications such as medical rehabilitation and virtual reality. A soft artificial skin was developed that provides haptic feedback and, using a self-sensing mechanism, has the potential to instantaneously adapt to a wearer’s movements
Recent events have shown that challenges to the global status quo can arise rapidly, making it imperative that military manufacturers remain agile and prepared to meet new circumstances as they emerge. As author Jim Pattison succinctly stated: “No matter what business you are in, there is change, and it's happening pretty quickly.” The challenges posed to military manufacturers include shorter design and production timetables, the need for greater efficiency in parts replacement and material usage, and an accelerated time to market; challenges that must be met with every technological tool available. The current revolution in manufacturing driven by digital technologies, is transforming the global production landscape. While artificial intelligence, augmented reality and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are increasing production efficiency and time to market, 3D scanning still has not been exploited by aerospace and defense manufacturers for its full potential to do the same
With the growth of Industry 4.0 in recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) technologies are changing the way operators work by increasing their efficiency and operational performance. A common use of AR is providing operators helpful work instructions for assembly by presenting relevant digital information in the context of the physical environment. These AR experiences can be viewed via several devices such as mobile, wearable, and stationary devices, each being useful for different applications. While in the experience, instructions are provided by means of 3D animation, text, images, and interactive buttons, all of which are directly overlaid onto the physical product or equipment being worked on. This work presents a closed-loop, enterprise connected, AR system for post end Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly work instructions. The system is designed to work with a stationary device, allows for varying types of PCB”s, provides overlaid instruction, and logs important information to
Becerra, Elijah JamesHovanski, YuriTenny, JoePeterson, Rebecca
During cold start of natural gas engines, increased methane and formaldehyde emissions can be released due to flame quenching on cold cylinder walls, misfiring and the catalyst not being fully active at low temperatures. Euro 6 legislation does not regulate methane and formaldehyde emissions. New limits for these two pollutants have been proposed by CLOVE consortium for Euro 7 scenarios. These proposals indicate tougher requirements for aftertreatment systems of natural gas engines. In the present study, a zero-dimensional model for real-time engine-out emission prediction for transient engine cold start is presented. The model incorporates the stochastic reactor model for spark ignition engines and tabulated chemistry. The tabulated chemistry approach allows to account for the physical and chemical properties of natural gas fuels in detail by using a-priori generated laminar flame speed and combustion chemistry look-up tables. The turbulence-chemistry interaction within the combustion
Siddareddy, Reddy BabuFranken, TimPasternak, MichalLeon de Syniawa, LarisaOder, JohannesRottengruber, HermannMauss, Fabian
The introduction of more stringent emission regulatory standards, such as China 6 and Euro 6, with test cycles that are more representative of real-world driving, from WLTP to RDE presents significant challenges to the emission development of internal combustion engine program. In the typical development process, the emission development requires complex work such as after-treatment development and calibration optimizations. In addition, it is late in the process, after the prototype vehicle that is more representative of the production status is ready. To address the situation outlined above, an Engine-in-the-Loop (EIL) testing methodology is developed at SAIC Motor, to front load part of the emission development work to the engine testbed early in the development stage, in the face of ever compressed vehicle program development time. This methodology is to emulate vehicle operations on the engine testbed. Key techniques are developed to achieve this. Simulation models are developed
Xu, ZhengWang, LinGangYin, HaitingYu, JinXia
In contrast to the currently primarily used liquid fuels (diesel and gasoline), methane (CH4) as a fuel offers a high potential for a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This advantage can only be used if tailpipe CH4 emissions are reduced to a minimum, since the GHG impact of CH4 in the atmosphere is higher than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Three-way catalysts (TWC - stoichiometric combustion) and methane oxidation catalysts (MOC - lean combustion) can be used for post-engine CH4 oxidation. Both technologies allow for a nearly complete CH4 conversion to CO2 and water at sufficiently high exhaust temperatures (above the light-off temperature of the catalysts). However, CH4 combustion is facing a huge challenge with the planned introduction of Euro VII emissions standard, where stricter CH4 emission limits and a decrease of the cold start starting temperatures are discussed. The aim of the present study is to develop a reliable kinetic catalyst model for MOC
Leon de Syniawa, LarisaSiddareddy, Reddy BabuOder, JohannesFranken, TimGuenther, VivienRottengruber, HermannMauss, Fabian
For Automated Vehicles (AVs) to be successful, they must integrate into society in a way that makes everyone confident in how AVs work to serve people and their communities. This integration requires that AVs communicate effectively, not only with other vehicles, but with all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. One proposed method of AV communication is through an external human-machine interface (eHMI). While many studies have evaluated eHMI solutions, few have considered their compliance with relevant Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) and their scalability. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a lightbar eHMI to communicate AV intent by measuring user comprehension of the eHMI and its impact on pedestrians’ trust and acceptance of AVs. In a virtual reality scene, 33 participants experienced one of three eHMI conditions (no lightbar, FMVSS-compliant lightbar, non-compliant lightbar) of an AV that communicated its intent when navigating a busy intersection
Marulanda, SusanaBritten, NicholasChang, Chun-ChengShutko, John
Industrial vehicles such as forklifts, cranes and tractors have come a long way in terms of applying technology, enhancing performance with improved operation and safety. With the advancements in computer vision, robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), these vehicles now are equipped with functionality that utilizes information to support and optimize performance. One of the key enablers of these advances is the integration of machine learning (ML) derived platforms and powerful computers, neural processing units and cameras integrated into the digital system. System designers and OEMs can get started with AI and computer vision using just a standard Ethernet camera and a Cortex A35 dual- or quad-core next-generation display. Using the detection and recognition of objects, designers can implement and train neural networks to realize new solutions for process guidance, automation, augmented reality and operator awareness. For example, the dual-core CCpilot V700 from CrossControl can
Persson, Johan
The way in which businesses, enterprises, industry leaders, and consumers utilize technology for everyday tasks is set to undergo one of the most drastic evolutions ever. Just a few short years ago it was nearly impossible to think any other technology could have a greater impact than networked computers, the Internet, or even mobile computing, but now technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and AR/VR are being hyped more than ever
Despite recent supply-chain disruptions, semiconductor buyers are increasingly spoiled for choice when it comes to chip manufacturers. From a chipmaker’s perspective competing for “sockets” in the next gadget — whether it be a mobile phone a VR headset, or an EV — is a game of speed. As a result, competition among producers continued to reduce product development and delivery times — once years to now a few short months
Due to the extended range hybrid vehicle powertrain system having multivariable and non-linear characters, this paper proposed a real-time simulation development platform scheme based on model design. First, a segmented energy management strategy (thermostat + power following) was proposed, which aims to improve the engine operation efficiency and reduce the losses during both charging and discharging. Second, the offline simulation model of the extended range hybrid vehicle powertrain system is established, which can realize the control function and meet the requirements of the real vehicle. Third, the hardware in the loop simulation platform of the vehicle controller is established, and the vehicle control program can run correctly in the real-time controller. The test of the offline simulation by Matlab/Simulink and the controller’s hardware in the loop (HIL) test are completed. Finally, comprehensive test results show that the real-time simulation development platform of an
Yin, KexinLuo, YaxuanJin, ZhenhuaHua, Yuwei
Rolls-Royce is leading an ambitious decarbonisation strategy, aiming to become a net zero carbon company across their value chain by 2050. Manufacturing and production are at the core of this strategy. For instance, Rolls-Royce expects their production site in Bristol, UK, to be the first Rolls-Royce facility to achieve net zero carbon status in 2022 and do so without using carbon offsets
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