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Browse AllTraveling by a two-wheeler has a significant share of commute and non-commute trips, especially in developing and emerging countries. However, with the rising fuel prices and stringent environmental norms, feasibility of conventional two-wheelers needs to be contemplated. As a potential alternative, electric two-wheelers and hybrids/retrofitted are observed as credible travel mode shifts. Intuitively, hybrid or retrofitted are assumed to gain leveraged benefits of both conventional and electric two-wheelers. However, the intrusion of these two-wheelers will sprout out associated concerns, which need to be mitigated with the help of public (consumer) opinion. In this study, a survey of hybrid electric two-wheelers is conducted to examine people’s mindset and the necessity of hybrid electric two-wheelers in today’s market. The hybrid technology can be used on two-wheelers in two different ways: first, it can be retrofitted, and second, it can be fitted to a brand-new two-wheeler
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of investment castings (see 8.6).
This SAE Standard covers low voltage primary cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 VDC (25 VAC) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse.
This document describes a process that may be used to perform the ongoing safety assessment for (1) GAR aircraft and components (hereafter, “aircraft”), and (2) commercial operators of GAR aircraft. The process described herein is intended to support an overall safety management program. It is associated with showing compliance with regulations and also establishing and meeting internal company safety standards. The process described herein identifies a systematic means, but not the only means, to assess continuing airworthiness. Ongoing safety management is an activity dedicated to assuring that risk is identified and properly eliminated or controlled. The safety management process includes both safety assessment and economic decision-making. While economic decision-making (factors related to scheduling, parts, and cost) is an integral part of the safety management process, this document addresses only the ongoing safety assessment process. This ongoing safety assessment process
This ARP provides definitions and background information regarding the physical performance and testing of DDVs. This ARP also provides extensive guidance for the preparation of procurement specifications and functional testing.
This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of bars up through 3.000 inches (76.20 mm) and forgings and forging stock of any size.
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes training and approval of personnel performing certain thermal processing and associated operations that could have a material impact on the properties of materials being processed. It also recommends that only approved personnel perform or monitor the functions listed in Table 1.
This SAE Information Report is provided as an advisory guide and is not intended to be made a procurement requirement. Individual application discretion is recommended. The content has been presented as accurately as possible, but responsibility for its application lies with the user. The document covers a number of the variables in the torque-tension relationship: friction, materials, temperature, humidity, fastener and mating part finishes, surfaces, and the kind of tightening tools or equipment used. With an understanding of the variables to be considered, several methods to determine and tighten fasteners using the torque-tension relationship are identified. This guide is limited in application to fasteners with ISO-metric or UN series threads. Other thread types, such as self-tapping or thread forming, may apply to some aspects of this standard but are not specifically covered. The procedures described in this document are based on general factors for the determination of the
This SAE Standard specifies uniform methods for the testing of threadless connections for hydraulic fluid power applications. These connections are intended for general application and hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. These connections shall be capable of providing leakproof connections in hydraulic systems operating from 95 kPa vacuum to working pressures specified by the manufacturer. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and reviewed by both the user and manufacturer to ensure that required performance levels are met.
Since the torque converter and fluid coupling are commonly used components of automatic transmissions in industry, SAE appointed a committee to standardize terminology, test procedures, data recording, design symbols, and so forth in this field. The following committee recommendations will facilitate a clear understanding for engineering discussions, comparisons, and the preparation of technical papers. The recommended usages represent the predominant practice or the acceptable practice. Where agreement is not complete, alternates have been included for clarification. This SAE Recommended Practice deals only with the physical parts and dimensions and does not attempt to standardize the design considerations, such as the actual fluid flow angle resulting from the physical blade shape.
This specification covers one type of a non-melting, heat-stable silicone compound, for use in high tension electrical connections, ignition systems, and electronics equipment, for application to unpainted mating threaded or non-threaded surfaces, and as a lubricant for components fabricated from elastomers. This compound is effective in the temperature range from -54 °C (-65 °F) to +204 °C (400 °F) for extended periods. This compound is identified by NATO symbol S-736 (see 6.5).
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a clearance line for establishing dimensional compatibility between drum brakes and wheels with 19.5-inch, 22.5-inch, and 24.5-inch diameter rims. Wheels designed for use with drum brakes may not be suitable for disc brake applications. The lines provided establish the maximum envelope for brakes, including all clearances, and minimum envelope for complete wheels to allow for interchangeability. This document addresses the dimensional characteristics only and makes no reference to the performance, operational dynamic deflections, or heat dissipation of the system. Valve clearances have not been included in the fitment lines. Bent valves may be required to clear brake drums. Disc brake applications may require additional running clearances beyond those provided by the minimum contour lines. Mounting systems as noted are referenced in SAE J694.
This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to all liquid-to-air, liquid-to-liquid, air-to-liquid, and air-to-air heat exchangers used in vehicle and industrial cooling systems.