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In the modern era, advanced hybrid polymer-based composites have the potential to replace conventional polymers and exhibit unique behaviour. This study focuses on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) hybrid composite made with jute fiber and enhanced with nano silicon carbide particles through the injection moulding process. The natural jute fiber undergoes chemical surface treatment to improve its adhesive behaviour. The study evaluates the effects of 10wt% chemically treated jute fiber and 1, 3, and 5wt% of SiC on the structural, impact, tensile, and flexural strength of the synthesized composites according to ASTM D7565, D3039, and D790 standards. The structural behaviour of LDPE composites is assessed through X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing improved crystalline structure and interaction. Among the five prepared composite samples, the composite containing 10wt% treated jute fiber and 5wt% SiC demonstrated enhanced impact, tensile, and flexural strength of 5.7 J/mm2, 43 MPa, and 56
Venkatesh, R.Kaliyaperumal, GopalManivannan, S.Karthikeyan, S.Aravindan, N.Mohanavel, VinayagamSoudagar, Manzoore Elahi MohammadKarthikeyan, N.
Traditional vehicle diagnostics often rely on manual inspections and diagnostic tools, which can be time-consuming, inconsistent, and prone to human error. As vehicle technology evolves, there is a growing need for more efficient and reliable diagnostic methods. This paper introduces an innovative AI-based diagnostic system utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide expert-level analysis and solutions for automotive issues. By inputting various details such as the vehicle’s make, model, year, mileage, problem description, and symptoms, the AI system generates comprehensive diagnostics, identifies potential causes, suggests step-by-step repair solutions, and offers maintenance tips. The proposed system aims to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, ultimately benefiting mechanics and vehicle owners. The system’s effectiveness is evaluated through various experiments and case studies, showcasing its potential to revolutionize vehicle diagnostics
Sasikala, T.Swathi, B.Raj, J. Joshua DanielShetty, G. ShreyasDidagur, Darshan
In highly populated countries two-wheelers are the most convenient mode of transportation. But at the same time, these vehicles consume more fuel and produces emissions in urban driving. This work is aimed at developing a hybrid two-wheeler for reducing fuel consumption and emissions by incorporating electric vehicle technology in a conventional two-wheeler. The hybrid electric scooter (HES) made consisted of an electric hub motor in the front wheel as the prime mover for the electrical system. The powertrain of the HES was built using a parallel hybrid structure. The electric system is engaged during startup, low speeds, and idling, with a simple switch facilitating the transition between electric and fuel systems. The HES was fabricated and tested through trial runs in various operating modes. Before conversion to a hybrid system, the two-wheeler achieved a mileage of 34 km/liter. After conversion, the combined power sources resulted in an overall mileage of 55 km. It was observed
Rajesh, K.Chidambaranathan, BibinRaghavan, SheejaAshok Kumar, R.Arunkumar, S.Soundararajan, GopinathMadhu, S.
The current study investigates the influence of exhaust gas recirculation technique on the hydrogen (10lpm) inducted diesel engine using Cassia fistula derived biodiesel fuel. The focus is on evaluating the emission characteristics of the engine, with a particular emphasis on reducing NOx emissions. The study also examines the impact of varying the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) flow rate 10 and 20% on the aforementioned parameters. The novelty of this investigation lies in the comprehensive evaluation of emission metrics, particularly when combining Cassia fistula biodiesel with hydrogen induction. The experiment carried in Kirloskar TV1-V4A engine with blends consists 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by volume of CFME blends with diesel. The inducted hydrogen at 10 lpm caused increased NOx which were discussed to suppress by EGR applications. Among the tested fuels, a blend containing 40% cassia fistula methyl ester (CFME) and 60% diesel (CFME40D60) showed the lowest hydrocarbon (HC) emissions
Veeraraghavan, SakthimuruganMadhu, S.De poures, Melvin VictorPalani, Kumaran
The present aim of the investigation is to prepare and evaluate the excellence of boron nitride (BN) and silicon carbide nanoparticles on characteristics of magnesium alloy (AZ91D) hybrid nanocomposite. This constitution of AZ91D alloy hybrid nanocomposite is made through the liquid state processing route, which helps to improve the spread of particles in the AZ91D matrix. The impact of BN and SiC on microstructural and mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength of AZ91D alloy composites are studied, and its investigational results are compared. Besides, microstructural studies have revealed that the structure of composite is found to have better BN and SiC particle dispersion and uniformity. The 5 percentage in weight (wt%) of BN and 5 wt% of SiC facilitated better tensile strength (183 MPa), hardness (85HV), and impact strength (21.4J/mm2) behaviour, which are 26, 30, and 35% better than the monolithic AZ91D alloy. This AZ91D/5wt% BN and 5wt% SiC
Venkatesh, R.Kaliyaperumal, GopalManivannan, S.Karthikeyan, S.Mohanavel, VinayagamSoudagar, Manzoore Elahi MohammadKarthikeyan, N.
High-strength, lightweight aluminium-based composites show great potential for future weight-reduction applications. The aluminium alloy (AA5052) is commonly used in various engineering applications and serves as the primary matrix material for this study. The objective of this research is to produce and improve the properties of the AA5052 alloy composite by integrating titanium (Ti) and nano silicon carbide (SiC) particles using an advanced vacuum stir casting process. Additionally, an inert atmosphere is used to minimize voids, porosity, and oxidation. The final developed composites include AA5052, AA5052/3wt% Ti, AA5052/5wt% SiC, and AA5052/3wt% Ti/5wt% SiC, which were subjected to metallographic, tensile, elongation, and hardness studies. The mechanical evaluation is carried out following ASTM E8 and E384 standards. Microstructural analysis revealed uniform dispersion of Ti &SiC particles with no significant casting defects. The composite with AA5052/3wt% Ti/5wt% SiC exhibited the
Venkatesh, R.Kaliyaperumal, GopalManivannan, S.Karthikeyan, S.Mohanavel, VinayagamSoudagar, Manzoore Elahi MohammadKarthikeyan, N.
Embarking on exploring the cutting-edge domain of smart bike innovations, this study focuses primarily on enhancing safety and security measures. Through meticulous development and implementation, it introduces seven pioneering features to curb accidents and thwart theft incidents. These transformative functionalities encompass a spectrum of aspects, including cautionary systems for side stand and helmet usage, advanced alcohol detection mechanisms, and robust anti-theft measures employing ID card and password protocols. Moreover, integrating speed control mechanisms and automated brake activation on encountering speed breakers further elevates the safety quotient of the smart bike. By harnessing a diverse array of sensors such as RF, REED, ultrasonic, and gas sensors, these features collectively pave the way for a paradigm shift in road safety standards. The report meticulously details the intricacies of design, execution, and cost estimation, underscoring the transformative impact of
Mallieswaran, K.Agaramudhalvan, S.Nithya, R.Shuruti, R.Radhika, S.
LIDAR-based autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are gradually being used for gas detection in industries. They detect tiny changes in the composition of the environment in indoor areas that is too risky for humans, making it ideal for the detection of gases. This current work focusses on the basic aspect of gas detection and avoiding unwanted accidents in industrial sectors by using an AMR with LIDAR sensor capable of autonomous navigation and MQ2 a gas detection sensor for identifying the leakages including toxic and explosive gases, and can alert the necessary personnel in real-time by using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm and gas distribution mapping (GDM). GDM in accordance with SLAM algorithm directs the robot towards the leakage point immediately thereby avoiding accidents. Raspberry Pi 4 is used for efficient data processing and hardware part accomplished with PGM45775 DC motor for movements with 2D LIDAR allowing 360° mapping. The adoption of LIDAR-based AMRs
Feroz Ali, L.Madhankumar, S.Hariush, V.C.Jahath Pranav, R.Jayadeep, J.Jeffrey, S.
Radiation has garnered the most attention in the research that has been conducted on polyethylene sheets. According to the calculations, there were 145892.35 kGy in total radiation doses administered. An ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer was used to examine the impact that electron beam irradiation had on the optical constants. Two of the most crucial variables taken into account when calculating the optical constants and the absorption coefficient are the reflectance and transmittance of polyurethane sheets. Reduced light transmission through the sheet achieves these characteristics, which are related to the transmittance and reflectance of the Fresnel interface. Cross linking makes it more challenging for the polyurethane molecular chains to become fixed. Both the refractive index and the dispersion properties have been altered as a direct result of this. Despite the fact that the doses of electron irradiation were getting lower, it eventually rose to 105 kGy. Contrary to the
Kaushik, NitishSandeep, ChSrinivasan, V. P.Prakash, B. VijayaKalaiarasan, S.Arunkumar, S.
This study presents the mechanical characterization studies on 3 wt.% graphene (Gr) filled magnesium matrix composite reinforced with different weight fractions (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt.%) of titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The matrix is AZ91 alloy, and the nano magnesium composite (NMC) is fabricated via a squeeze casting approach. The lightweight NMC is a potential solution for the automobile industry, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to environmental sustainability. Gr is added to enhance the composite's thermal endurance and mechanical strength. Mechanical and corrosion studies are performed as per the ASTM standards. The inclusion of Gr and 16 wt.% TiC tends to enhance the mechanical durability and corrosion resilience of the NMC when compared with other fabricated composites and cast alloys. The uniform dispersal of NC and TiC and better mould properties lead to better strength. Higher inclusion of TiC (20 wt.%) leads to brittleness, thereby decreasing the
Senthilkumar, N.
This research introduces a Detailed Digital Fuel Indicator (DDFI) system to enhance fuel monitoring accuracy in automobiles using advanced infrared (IR) sensor technology for precise fuel level detection. The innovative system includes a secondary tank, meticulously calibrated to the volumetric ratio of the primary tank, to ensure consistent and accurate readings. The DDFI system provides real-time data on fuel levels with an impressive accuracy of ±5%, a notable improvement over the traditional methods. Key components of the system include an IR sensor, a programmable integrated circuit (IC), and a secondary tank fabricated from galvanized iron (GI) sheet metal, ensuring durability and reliability in various environmental conditions. The system is designed to be user-friendly, offering an intuitive interface for drivers to monitor fuel levels effortlessly. Additionally, the DDFI system integrates seamlessly with existing vehicle systems, allowing for easy installation and minimal
Mallieswaran, K.Nithya, R.Rajendran, ShurutiArulaalan, M.
3-Dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technology that deposits materials in layers to build a three-dimensional component. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the most widely used 3D printing technique to produce the thermoplastic components. In FDM, the printing process parameters have a major role in controlling the performance of fabricated components. In this study, carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites were fabricated using FDM technique based on Taguchi's Design of experimental approach. The matrix and reinforcement materials were poly-lactic acid (PLA) and short carbon fibre, respectively. The goal of this study is to optimize the FDM process parameters in order to obtain the carbon fibre reinforced PLA composites with enhanced hardness and compressive strength values. Shore-D hardness and compression tests were carried out as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2240 and ASTM D695 standards respectively, to measure the output responses
Sugumar, SureshDhamodaran, GopinathSeetharaman, PradeepkumarSivakumar, Rajkamal
This research investigates the potential of muskmelon waste seed biodiesel (MWSB) enhanced with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The study focuses on transesterifying waste seed oil from muskmelon fruits to produce biodiesel suitable for common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engines. The addition of GO nanoparticles serves as a combustion enhancer, aiming to improve engine performance and reduce emissions. The test fuels included pure diesel, MWSB, and MWSB blends with 10 ppm and 20 ppm of GO nanoparticles. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in emissions when GO nanoparticles were added to the MWSB. Specifically, the MWSB+GO20 ppm blend achieved reductions in smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 16.66%, 26.19%, and 45.33%, respectively, compared to diesel at maximum brake power (5.5 kW). However, this blend also resulted in a 7.4% increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions at maximum brake
Jayabal, RavikumarMadhu, S.
This project presents the development of an advanced Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) designed to autonomously lift and maneuver four-wheel drive vehicles into parking spaces without human intervention. By leveraging cutting-edge camera and sensor technologies, the AMR integrates LIDAR for precise distance measurements and obstacle detection, high-resolution cameras for capturing detailed images of the parking environment, and object recognition algorithms for accurately identifying and selecting available parking spaces. These integrated technologies enable the AMR to navigate complex parking lots, optimize space utilization, and provide seamless automated parking. The AMR autonomously detects free parking spaces, lifts the vehicle, and parks it with high precision, making the entire parking process autonomous and highly efficient. This project pushes the boundaries of autonomous vehicle technology, aiming to contribute significantly to smarter and more efficient urban mobility systems
Atheef, M. SyedSundar, K. ShamKumar, P. P. PremKarthika, J.
The properties of organic nitrate ester that inhibit scale formation were investigated in order to acquire a better understanding of ferrous carbide precipitation from supersaturated solutions. When the scale inhibitor was present, precipitation rates were much lower than when it was missing, even at very low concentrations. When the temperature and time are increased simultaneously, more scale is deposited. The effect of nitrate ester on scale deposition demonstrates that the inhibitory dosage is relatively low at low temperatures but rapidly increases when exposed to high temperatures. The inhibitor is thought to alter the shape of the first crystals by binding to dynamic growth sites and inhibiting the threshold level of development
Sandeep, ChSrinivasan, V. P.Raja Kumar, G.Anandan, R.Shanthi, C.Selvarajan, L.
The AA2024 aluminum alloy is a precipitate-hardening material renowned for its exceptional strength and corrosion resistance, making it a preferred choice for various applications in industries such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing. However, it is challenging to weld using fusion welding processes due to differences in melting points between the aluminum base material and its oxide layer. Consequently, this often results in issues such as partially melted zones, alloy segregation, and hot cracking. In this investigation, electron beam welding was employed to minimize heat input and prevent the formation of coarse grains in the heat-affected zone. Observations revealed that the joint achieved a maximum strength of 285 MPa, representing 62% of the base material's strength. This improvement in strength can be ascribed to the establishment of fine and recrystallized grains at the weld interface, along with the presence of copper aluminide strengthening precipitates
Rajesh, A.Karthick, S.Mallieswaran, K.Shanmugam, Rajasekaran
The research introduces the thermal properties of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofluids and the promising application of these fluids in hybrid vehicle cooling systems. How to make fluids is simply to disperse a 50-50 mixture of both Ethylene Glycol and Water; into this solution add SiO2 nanoparticles concentration ranges from 0.1% up to 0.5% volume according desired properties or material characteristics etc. When viscosities and thermal conductivities of nanofluid were measured over the temperature range from 25 to 120 °C using Brookfield viscometer and transient hot-wire method; results were as follows: Viscosity of SiO2 nanofluids at 120°C higher concentrations 0.5%, more viscous fluids, thermal conductivity also rose with results, although there was a plateau at around 40% increase compared to that of water-based slurries. At 0.5% concentration, thermal conductivity increased by up to 20% at 120 °C, compared with the value of pure ethylene glycol. These results suggest that SiO2
Sundaram, V.Madhu, S.Vidhyalakshmi, S.Saravanan, A.Manikandan, S.
This research investigates the impact of friction stir welding (FSW) used to join micro-alloyed steel, on the material and its mechanical characteristics. FSW increases the metallurgical and mechanical qualities of joints made from micro-alloyed steel. However, Friction Stir Welding has produced only modest improvements in connecting steels. Automobile chassis, offshore platforms, oil and gas pipelines, mining, shipbuilding and railroad carriages, pressure vessels, bridges, and storage tanks are just some of the many places and find micro-alloyed steels employed. Frictional heat and tool movement over the joint cause micro defects occurred. Tungsten carbide tools are used in this investigation. Welding shares the same process characteristics, such as the tool's rotating speed (900 rpm) and axial force (10 kN). The table's traverse speed options are available, including 50 mm/min, 60 mm/min, and 70 mm/min. Vickers microhardness testing machines and tensile testing machines are used to
Rajan, C. SakthiKumar, N. MathanKumar, K. VetrivelKannan, S.Soundararajan, S.
This Experimental study demonstrates the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements on the mechanical behaviour and microstructural characteristics of lightweight hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) tailored for compact automobile applications. The Aluminium metal matrix composites were synthesized using stir casting technique to ensure uniform dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements within the aluminium matrix. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical Microscopy, were employed to analyze the microstructural evolution and phase distribution. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in mechanical performance with 38% increase in tensile strength, 22% increase in impact strength which are attributed to the synergistic effects of TiO2 and B4C. These
Jaswin, M. ArockiaGeetha, R.Mathialagan, SaravananSuresh, S.